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d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<tr><th colspan="3" align="center"><span class="application">named</span></th></tr>
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d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<hr>
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d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<div class="refentry">
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<a name="man.named"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
4ee00532a265bdfb38539d811fcd12d51210ac35Timo Sirainen
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen
0dffa25d211be541ee3c953b23566a1a990789dfTimo Sirainen
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <div class="refnamediv">
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<h2>Name</h2>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <span class="application">named</span>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen &#8212; Internet domain name server
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen</div>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <div class="refsynopsisdiv">
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<h2>Synopsis</h2>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <div class="cmdsynopsis"><p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <code class="command">named</code>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen [
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-4</code>]
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen | [<code class="option">-6</code>]
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen ]
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>]
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>]
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em></code>]
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></code>]
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-f</code>]
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-g</code>]
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>logfile</code></em></code>]
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-M <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></code>]
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>]
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>]
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>]
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-s</code>]
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></code>]
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>]
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-U <em class="replaceable"><code>#listeners</code></em></code>]
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>]
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-v</code>]
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-V</code>]
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>lock-file</code></em></code>]
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p></div>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </div>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <div class="refsection">
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<a name="id-1.14.19.7"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p><span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
b24870f2d47f9f1f5f373af6287b1d48e383e74dTimo Sirainen is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
2ee34f0b0b15523389fe3774788acbd412176253Timo Sirainen part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
2ee34f0b0b15523389fe3774788acbd412176253Timo Sirainen information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
2ee34f0b0b15523389fe3774788acbd412176253Timo Sirainen </p>
b24870f2d47f9f1f5f373af6287b1d48e383e74dTimo Sirainen <p>
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen When invoked without arguments, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen will
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen read the default configuration file
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen data, and listen for queries.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
7fdc192eecebb462cf72d2aaeacea6a30000d0acTimo Sirainen </div>
b24870f2d47f9f1f5f373af6287b1d48e383e74dTimo Sirainen
b24870f2d47f9f1f5f373af6287b1d48e383e74dTimo Sirainen <div class="refsection">
b24870f2d47f9f1f5f373af6287b1d48e383e74dTimo Sirainen<a name="id-1.14.19.8"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
b24870f2d47f9f1f5f373af6287b1d48e383e74dTimo Sirainen
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen
71dc24a58788ccd92723c68bef37584ffc34b984Timo Sirainen <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen exclusive.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dd>
2a4723165754cf9a93d7d91a9fb7949176ddd38bTimo Sirainen <p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen exclusive.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen configuration file instead of the default,
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>. To
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen to work after the server has changed its working
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen directory due to to a possible
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen an absolute pathname.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p>
ff9eb4a57ff1a151182cdfbfc19f5a4bed54ecafTimo Sirainen Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>.
ff9eb4a57ff1a151182cdfbfc19f5a4bed54ecafTimo Sirainen Debugging traces from <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> become
ff9eb4a57ff1a151182cdfbfc19f5a4bed54ecafTimo Sirainen more verbose as the debug level increases.
ff9eb4a57ff1a151182cdfbfc19f5a4bed54ecafTimo Sirainen </p>
ff9eb4a57ff1a151182cdfbfc19f5a4bed54ecafTimo Sirainen </dd>
ff9eb4a57ff1a151182cdfbfc19f5a4bed54ecafTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em></span></dt>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen Specifies a string that is used to identify a instance of
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> in a process listing. The contents
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen of <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> are
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen not examined.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></span></dt>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen When applicable, specifies the hardware to use for
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen cryptographic operations, such as a secure key store used
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen for signing.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen When BIND is built with OpenSSL PKCS#11 support, this defaults
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen to the string "pkcs11", which identifies an OpenSSL engine
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen that can drive a cryptographic accelerator or hardware service
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen module. When BIND is built with native PKCS#11 cryptography
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen (--enable-native-pkcs11), it defaults to the path of the PKCS#11
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen provider library specified via "--with-pkcs11".
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen to <code class="filename">stderr</code>.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>logfile</code></em></span></dt>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen Log to the file <code class="option">logfile</code> by default
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen instead of the system log.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-M <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></span></dt>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen Sets the default memory context options. Currently
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen the only supported option is
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <em class="replaceable"><code>external</code></em>,
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen which causes the internal memory manager to be bypassed
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen in favor of system-provided memory allocation functions.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p>
e93184a9055c2530366dfe617e07199603c399ddMartti Rannanjärvi Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are
e93184a9055c2530366dfe617e07199603c399ddMartti Rannanjärvi <em class="replaceable"><code>usage</code></em>,
e2a88d59c0d47d63ce1ad5b1fd95e487124a3fd4Timo Sirainen <em class="replaceable"><code>trace</code></em>,
e2a88d59c0d47d63ce1ad5b1fd95e487124a3fd4Timo Sirainen <em class="replaceable"><code>record</code></em>,
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em>, and
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <em class="replaceable"><code>mctx</code></em>.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <code class="filename">&lt;isc/mem.h&gt;</code>.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will try to determine the
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen single worker thread will be created.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dd>
294f579cd3803e2d9997231fdc46523c23774a8fTimo Sirainen <p>
294f579cd3803e2d9997231fdc46523c23774a8fTimo Sirainen Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>. If not
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen specified, the default is port 53.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </dd>
294f579cd3803e2d9997231fdc46523c23774a8fTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-s</span></dt>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p>
294f579cd3803e2d9997231fdc46523c23774a8fTimo Sirainen Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit.
294f579cd3803e2d9997231fdc46523c23774a8fTimo Sirainen </p>
294f579cd3803e2d9997231fdc46523c23774a8fTimo Sirainen <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
294f579cd3803e2d9997231fdc46523c23774a8fTimo Sirainen<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
294f579cd3803e2d9997231fdc46523c23774a8fTimo Sirainen <p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen and may be removed or changed in a future release.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </div>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></span></dt>
d03a871a77f8ec36f48f5fea98d810e51b186fdbTimo Sirainen<dd>
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <p>
d03a871a77f8ec36f48f5fea98d810e51b186fdbTimo Sirainen Allow <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to use up to
a8dcd4e2332c73087e9b148d34259230a77edb28Timo Sirainen <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em> sockets.
a8dcd4e2332c73087e9b148d34259230a77edb28Timo Sirainen The default value is 4096 on systems built with default
a8dcd4e2332c73087e9b148d34259230a77edb28Timo Sirainen configuration options, and 21000 on systems built with
294f579cd3803e2d9997231fdc46523c23774a8fTimo Sirainen "configure --with-tuning=large".
294f579cd3803e2d9997231fdc46523c23774a8fTimo Sirainen </p>
294f579cd3803e2d9997231fdc46523c23774a8fTimo Sirainen <div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
294f579cd3803e2d9997231fdc46523c23774a8fTimo Sirainen<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
294f579cd3803e2d9997231fdc46523c23774a8fTimo Sirainen <p>
294f579cd3803e2d9997231fdc46523c23774a8fTimo Sirainen This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority
e2a88d59c0d47d63ce1ad5b1fd95e487124a3fd4Timo Sirainen of users.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen The use of this option could even be harmful because the
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen specified value may exceed the limitation of the
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen underlying system API.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen It is therefore set only when the default configuration
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen operational environment is known to support the
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen specified number of sockets.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen fewer than the specified value because
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> reserves some file descriptors
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen for its internal use.
d9e404180ff26dbbaea68534a5f176765022b76bTimo Sirainen </p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>Chroot
to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after
processing the command line arguments, but before
reading the configuration file.
</p>
<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
<p>
This option should be used in conjunction with the
<code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process
running as root doesn't enhance security on most
systems; the way <code class="function">chroot(2)</code> is
defined allows a process with root privileges to
escape a chroot jail.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-U <em class="replaceable"><code>#listeners</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use <em class="replaceable"><code>#listeners</code></em>
worker threads to listen for incoming UDP packets on each
address. If not specified, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
calculate a default value based on the number of detected
CPUs: 1 for 1 CPU, and the number of detected CPUs
minus one for machines with more than 1 CPU. This cannot
be increased to a value higher than the number of CPUs.
If <code class="option">-n</code> has been set to a higher value than
the number of detected CPUs, then <code class="option">-U</code> may
be increased as high as that value, but no higher.
On Windows, the number of UDP listeners is hardwired to 1
and this option has no effect.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>Setuid
to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing
privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
listen on privileged ports.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
<p>
On Linux, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> uses the kernel's
capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
except the ability to <code class="function">bind(2)</code> to
a
privileged port and set process resource limits.
Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code>
option only works when <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is
run
on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
to be retained after <code class="function">setuid(2)</code>.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Report the version number and exit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Report the version number and build options, and exit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>lock-file</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Acquire a lock on the specified file at runtime; this
helps to prevent duplicate <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> instances
from running simultaneously.
Use of this option overrides the <span class="command"><strong>lock-file</strong></span>
option in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
If set to <code class="literal">none</code>, the lock file check
is disabled.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the
cache of the default view.
</p>
<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
<p>
This option must not be used. It is only of interest
to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
future release.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.19.9"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2>
<p>
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
the nameserver; <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> should be used
instead.
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term">SIGHUP</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Force a reload of the server.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Shut down the server.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.19.10"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
<p>
The <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
in the
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> inherits the <code class="function">umask</code>
(file creation mode mask) from the parent process. If files
created by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>, such as journal files,
need to have custom permissions, the <code class="function">umask</code>
should be set explicitly in the script used to start the
<span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> process.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.19.11"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The default configuration file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The default process-id file.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.19.12"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
<span class="citerefentry">
<span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</span>
(8)
</span>,
<span class="citerefentry">
<span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</span>
(8)
</span>,
<span class="citerefentry">
<span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>
(8)
</span>,
<span class="citerefentry">
<span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>
(8)
</span>,
<span class="citerefentry">
<span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>
(5)
</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
</p>
</div>
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