man.named.html revision 68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030
a3f8c8e20780e488141d200acdfea6c5f3303513Automatic Updater - Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
bef75d63d74f58abc0f834ed271526672777ba29Automatic Updater - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
bef75d63d74f58abc0f834ed271526672777ba29Automatic Updater - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
bef75d63d74f58abc0f834ed271526672777ba29Automatic Updater - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt<p><span class="application">named</span> — Internet domain name server</p>
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code> [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div>
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater<a name="id2603325"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
a3f8c8e20780e488141d200acdfea6c5f3303513Automatic Updater When invoked without arguments, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater read the default configuration file
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater data, and listen for queries.
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
a3f8c8e20780e488141d200acdfea6c5f3303513Automatic Updater Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
a3f8c8e20780e488141d200acdfea6c5f3303513Automatic Updater <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
a3f8c8e20780e488141d200acdfea6c5f3303513Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
a3f8c8e20780e488141d200acdfea6c5f3303513Automatic Updater Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the
a3f8c8e20780e488141d200acdfea6c5f3303513Automatic Updater configuration file instead of the default,
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>. To
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater to work after the server has changed its working
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater directory due to to a possible
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater an absolute pathname.
8ec3c085233cedb22b05da36e2773c8f357a7e45Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt>
8ec3c085233cedb22b05da36e2773c8f357a7e45Automatic Updater Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>.
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> become
8ec3c085233cedb22b05da36e2773c8f357a7e45Automatic Updater more verbose as the debug level increases.
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will try to determine the
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt single worker thread will be created.
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>. If not
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater specified, the default is port 53.
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit.
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
f8e3e03cacd16ffb923a9603fca23a9e1a1fee07Automatic Updater and may be removed or changed in a future release.
f8e3e03cacd16ffb923a9603fca23a9e1a1fee07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt processing the command line arguments, but before
f8e3e03cacd16ffb923a9603fca23a9e1a1fee07Automatic Updater reading the configuration file.
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater This option should be used in conjunction with the
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater <code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater running as root doesn't enhance security on most
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater systems; the way <code class="function">chroot()</code> is
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater defined allows a process with root privileges to
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater escape a chroot jail.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt>
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater listen on privileged ports.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater On Linux, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> uses the kernel's
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater except the ability to <code class="function">bind()</code> to
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater privileged port and set process resource limits.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code>
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater option only works when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater to be retained after <code class="function">setuid()</code>.
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater Report the version number and exit.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater cache of the default view.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater This option must not be used. It is only of interest
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater future release.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt Force a reload of the server.
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt Shut down the server.
553ead32ff5b00284e574dcabc39115d4d74ec66Evan Hunt The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.