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5569e7de51513952d89f29de08049ed6bb054d6eAutomatic Updater - Copyright (C) 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
a7038d1a0513c8e804937ebc95fc9cb3a46c04f5Mark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
ec5347e2c775f027573ce5648b910361aa926c01Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
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c4958494a98a59ce25e9fecad76a9ab0e36cc59fDanny Mayer<tr><th colspan="3" align="center"><span class="application">named</span></th></tr>
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ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<a name="man.named"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence<p><span class="application">named</span> — Internet domain name server</p>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code> [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein When invoked without arguments, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein read the default configuration file
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence data, and listen for queries.
2918b5bda6a55c301eb87992b5f2acd7176d0737David Lawrence Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
959cf5e112c41ba8da2a202f51bc0c7a3cf47f68Tatuya JINMEI 神明達哉 <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence configuration file instead of the default,
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>. To
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein to work after the server has changed its working
0cfbb9285a96f1355e5a3bd458624eaed2f16846Automatic Updater directory due to to a possible
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence an absolute pathname.
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt>
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>.
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> become
8f804834e2b537da5c8bc81f986143a46147b490Andreas Gustafsson more verbose as the debug level increases.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></span></dt>
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence Use a crypto hardware (OpenSSL engine) for the crypto operations
8f804834e2b537da5c8bc81f986143a46147b490Andreas Gustafsson it supports, for instance re-signing with private keys from
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence a secure key store. When compiled with PKCS#11 support
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em>
8f804834e2b537da5c8bc81f986143a46147b490Andreas Gustafsson defaults to pkcs11, the empty name resets it to no engine.
0cfbb9285a96f1355e5a3bd458624eaed2f16846Automatic Updater Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
8862388bcb44f634cbfc3e69f11ff4cb76590a4bMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt>
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>usage</code></em>,
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>trace</code></em>,
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>record</code></em>,
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em>, and
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence <em class="replaceable"><code>mctx</code></em>.
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence <code class="filename"><isc/mem.h></code>.
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt>
61e9c1cdbe29683bb2db388e4fc6a6fd59315cefDavid Lawrence Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will try to determine the
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence single worker thread will be created.
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>. If not
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence specified, the default is port 53.
1a487fb7d230403bf1b5d6628542134f52c80653Michael Graff Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit.
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
c4958494a98a59ce25e9fecad76a9ab0e36cc59fDanny Mayer and may be removed or changed in a future release.
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence<dt><span class="term">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></span></dt>
1a487fb7d230403bf1b5d6628542134f52c80653Michael Graff Allow <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to use up to
1a487fb7d230403bf1b5d6628542134f52c80653Michael Graff <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em> sockets.
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority
df0f58959ed82a2a43ca8d816ce9592541df9f2fMark Andrews The use of this option could even be harmful because the
ecf7a1812527d5557564b71363dabec491980246Mark Andrews specified value may exceed the limitation of the
88f7da46901f5d1218e354768674e72e9190d05aMichael Graff underlying system API.
e502b133d630bda0ee64c1e2ce6729d96750d8abMark Andrews It is therefore set only when the default configuration
1a487fb7d230403bf1b5d6628542134f52c80653Michael Graff causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the
b161f87be81548d1b6d0210a7e138a08fbb2d3e5David Lawrence operational environment is known to support the
b161f87be81548d1b6d0210a7e138a08fbb2d3e5David Lawrence specified number of sockets.
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little
edcd1247ad7e81bb8b430e610d9718f64c70f05dDavid Lawrence fewer than the specified value because
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> reserves some file descriptors
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence for its internal use.
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein processing the command line arguments, but before
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein reading the configuration file.
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein This option should be used in conjunction with the
1b106e224d3931e85d68c091fe1ec7758d9f07cbAndreas Gustafsson <code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein running as root doesn't enhance security on most
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence systems; the way <code class="function">chroot(2)</code> is
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence defined allows a process with root privileges to
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein escape a chroot jail.
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt>
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence listen on privileged ports.
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein On Linux, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> uses the kernel's
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence except the ability to <code class="function">bind(2)</code> to
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence privileged port and set process resource limits.
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein option only works when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein to be retained after <code class="function">setuid(2)</code>.
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence Report the version number and exit.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein Report the version number and build options, and exit.
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence cache of the default view.
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence This option must not be used. It is only of interest
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein future release.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence Force a reload of the server.
edcd1247ad7e81bb8b430e610d9718f64c70f05dDavid Lawrence<dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein Shut down the server.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence<a name="id2674920"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> inherits the <code class="function">umask</code>
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence (file creation mode mask) from the parent process. If files
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence created by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>, such as journal files,
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein need to have custom permissions, the <code class="function">umask</code>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein should be set explicitly in the script used to start the
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> process.
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein The default configuration file.
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code></span></dt>
fc80027fb54b501cdd88461bf879d078259e0226David Lawrence The default process-id file.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</span>(8)</span>,
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</span>(8)</span>,
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>(8)</span>,
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>,
863ac191b448a13ae1a3a8ee3458344e11602737David Lawrence <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
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