man.named.html revision 3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith - Copyright (C) 2004-2006 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith<a name="man.named"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith<p><span class="application">named</span> — Internet domain name server</p>
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code> [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div>
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith<p><span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith When invoked without arguments, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith read the default configuration file
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith data, and listen for queries.
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith configuration file instead of the default,
15ddc967c5d429ed2983719db23b453794ab0338Luke Smith <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>. To
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith to work after the server has changed its working
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith directory due to to a possible
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith an absolute pathname.
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt>
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>.
15ddc967c5d429ed2983719db23b453794ab0338Luke Smith Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> become
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith more verbose as the debug level increases.
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt>
15ddc967c5d429ed2983719db23b453794ab0338Luke Smith Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will try to determine the
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith single worker thread will be created.
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
15ddc967c5d429ed2983719db23b453794ab0338Luke Smith Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>. If not
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith specified, the default is port 53.
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit.
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
15ddc967c5d429ed2983719db23b453794ab0338Luke Smith This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith and may be removed or changed in a future release.
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after
15ddc967c5d429ed2983719db23b453794ab0338Luke Smith processing the command line arguments, but before
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith reading the configuration file.
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
64436761af23a95069579e643c4ef13a252e330dLuke Smith This option should be used in conjunction with the
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith <code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith running as root doesn't enhance security on most
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith systems; the way <code class="function">chroot()</code> is
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith defined allows a process with root privileges to
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith escape a chroot jail.
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt>
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith listen on privileged ports.
15ddc967c5d429ed2983719db23b453794ab0338Luke Smith<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith On Linux, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> uses the kernel's
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith except the ability to <code class="function">bind()</code> to
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith privileged port and set process resource limits.
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code>
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith option only works when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
15ddc967c5d429ed2983719db23b453794ab0338Luke Smith on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith to be retained after <code class="function">setuid()</code>.
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith Report the version number and exit.
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the
15ddc967c5d429ed2983719db23b453794ab0338Luke Smith cache of the default view.
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith This option must not be used. It is only of interest
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith future release.
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith Force a reload of the server.
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith<dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt>
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith Shut down the server.
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
998276643802ff9fb197fe220cbd9552da00a624Luke Smith to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith The default configuration file.
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named.pid</code></span></dt>
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith The default process-id file.
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
15ddc967c5d429ed2983719db23b453794ab0338Luke Smith <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>(8)</span>,
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
8c0728da50e402de1837852ea5482ccd74c230f7Luke Smith<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
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