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c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
724df78acd95dc0f313bc2b80a099f7ecd48b620Tinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
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c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<p><span class="application">named</span> — Internet domain name server</p>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code> [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews When invoked without arguments, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews read the default configuration file
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews data, and listen for queries.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
ba751492fcc4f161a18b983d4f018a1a52938cb9Evan Hunt <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews configuration file instead of the default,
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>. To
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews to work after the server has changed its working
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews directory due to to a possible
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews an absolute pathname.
1059bc2e42e8214f8b73d3b4cd181d8394a94a6aFrancis Dupont<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> become
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews more verbose as the debug level increases.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></span></dt>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Use a crypto hardware (OpenSSL engine) for the crypto operations
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews it supports, for instance re-signing with private keys from
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews a secure key store. When compiled with PKCS#11 support
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews defaults to pkcs11, the empty name resets it to no engine.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>usage</code></em>,
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>trace</code></em>,
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>record</code></em>,
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em>, and
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>mctx</code></em>.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <code class="filename"><isc/mem.h></code>.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will try to determine the
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews single worker thread will be created.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>. If not
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews specified, the default is port 53.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews and may be removed or changed in a future release.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></span></dt>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Allow <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to use up to
98922b2b2b024dcca25be7c220cf3b16b1e6c4b5Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em> sockets.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews The use of this option could even be harmful because the
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews specified value may exceed the limitation of the
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews underlying system API.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews It is therefore set only when the default configuration
98922b2b2b024dcca25be7c220cf3b16b1e6c4b5Evan Hunt causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the
98922b2b2b024dcca25be7c220cf3b16b1e6c4b5Evan Hunt operational environment is known to support the
98922b2b2b024dcca25be7c220cf3b16b1e6c4b5Evan Hunt specified number of sockets.
98922b2b2b024dcca25be7c220cf3b16b1e6c4b5Evan Hunt Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little
98922b2b2b024dcca25be7c220cf3b16b1e6c4b5Evan Hunt fewer than the specified value because
98922b2b2b024dcca25be7c220cf3b16b1e6c4b5Evan Hunt <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> reserves some file descriptors
98922b2b2b024dcca25be7c220cf3b16b1e6c4b5Evan Hunt for its internal use.
98922b2b2b024dcca25be7c220cf3b16b1e6c4b5Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews processing the command line arguments, but before
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews reading the configuration file.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews This option should be used in conjunction with the
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews running as root doesn't enhance security on most
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews systems; the way <code class="function">chroot(2)</code> is
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews defined allows a process with root privileges to
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews escape a chroot jail.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing
2ae159b376dac23870d8005563c585acf85a4b5aEvan Hunt privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
2ae159b376dac23870d8005563c585acf85a4b5aEvan Hunt listen on privileged ports.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews On Linux, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> uses the kernel's
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews except the ability to <code class="function">bind(2)</code> to
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews privileged port and set process resource limits.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews option only works when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews to be retained after <code class="function">setuid(2)</code>.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Report the version number and exit.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Report the version number and build options, and exit.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews cache of the default view.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews This option must not be used. It is only of interest
ba751492fcc4f161a18b983d4f018a1a52938cb9Evan Hunt to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
ba751492fcc4f161a18b983d4f018a1a52938cb9Evan Hunt future release.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Force a reload of the server.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews Shut down the server.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> inherits the <code class="function">umask</code>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews (file creation mode mask) from the parent process. If files
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews created by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>, such as journal files,
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews need to have custom permissions, the <code class="function">umask</code>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews should be set explicitly in the script used to start the
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> process.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews The default configuration file.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code></span></dt>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews The default process-id file.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</span>(8)</span>,
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</span>(8)</span>,
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>(8)</span>,
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>,
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
c3c8823fed039b3a2b8e5ca8bc2f3301d1dd840eMark Andrews<a accesskey="p" href="man.named-checkzone.html">Prev</a>�</td>
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