341N/A - Copyright (C) 2004-2015 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") 1597N/A - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium. 341N/A - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any 919N/A - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 919N/A - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 919N/A - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH 919N/A - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY 919N/A - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, 919N/A - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM 919N/A - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE 919N/A - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR 919N/A - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 919N/A<
meta http-
equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
919N/A<
meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
919N/A<
link rel="home" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
493N/A<
body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
341N/A<
table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
1549N/A<
tr><
th colspan="3" align="center"><
span class="application">named</
span></
th></
tr>
911N/A<
td width="20%" align="left">
1549N/A<
th width="60%" align="center">Manual pages</
th>
1265N/A<
p><
span class="application">named</
span> — Internet domain name server</
p>
1408N/A<
div class="refsynopsisdiv">
1408N/A<
div class="cmdsynopsis"><
p><
code class="command">named</
code> [<
code class="option">-4</
code>] [<
code class="option">-6</
code>] [<
code class="option">-c <
em class="replaceable"><
code>config-file</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-d <
em class="replaceable"><
code>debug-level</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-D <
em class="replaceable"><
code>string</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-E <
em class="replaceable"><
code>engine-name</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-f</
code>] [<
code class="option">-g</
code>] [<
code class="option">-L <
em class="replaceable"><
code>logfile</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-M <
em class="replaceable"><
code>option</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-m <
em class="replaceable"><
code>flag</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-n <
em class="replaceable"><
code>#cpus</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-p <
em class="replaceable"><
code>port</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-s</
code>] [<
code class="option">-S <
em class="replaceable"><
code>#max-socks</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-t <
em class="replaceable"><
code>directory</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-U <
em class="replaceable"><
code>#listeners</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-u <
em class="replaceable"><
code>user</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-v</
code>] [<
code class="option">-V</
code>] [<
code class="option">-X <
em class="replaceable"><
code>lock-file</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-x <
em class="replaceable"><
code>cache-file</
code></
em></
code>]</
p></
div>
1179N/A<
a name="id-1.14.16.7"></
a><
h2>DESCRIPTION</
h2>
1179N/A<
p><
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span>
1408N/A is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
1408N/A part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
1408N/A information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
1265N/A When invoked without arguments, <
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span>
1408N/A read the default configuration file
1408N/A data, and listen for queries.
1408N/A<
a name="id-1.14.16.8"></
a><
h2>OPTIONS</
h2>
1265N/A<
div class="variablelist"><
dl class="variablelist">
1408N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-4</
span></
dt>
1408N/A Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
1265N/A <
code class="option">-4</
code> and <
code class="option">-6</
code> are mutually
1408N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-6</
span></
dt>
1408N/A Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
1408N/A <
code class="option">-4</
code> and <
code class="option">-6</
code> are mutually
1408N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-c <
em class="replaceable"><
code>config-file</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
1408N/A Use <
em class="replaceable"><
code>config-file</
code></
em> as the
1408N/A configuration file instead of the default,
1408N/A ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
1408N/A to work after the server has changed its working
1408N/A directory due to to a possible
1408N/A <
code class="option">directory</
code> option in the configuration
1408N/A file, <
em class="replaceable"><
code>config-file</
code></
em> should be
341N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-d <
em class="replaceable"><
code>debug-level</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
341N/A Set the daemon's debug level to <
em class="replaceable"><
code>debug-level</
code></
em>.
1356N/A Debugging traces from <
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span> become
1356N/A more verbose as the debug level increases.
1356N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-D <
em class="replaceable"><
code>string</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
970N/A Specifies a string that is used to identify a instance of
970N/A <
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span> in a process listing. The contents
970N/A of <
em class="replaceable"><
code>string</
code></
em> are
970N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-E <
em class="replaceable"><
code>engine-name</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
970N/A When applicable, specifies the hardware to use for
970N/A cryptographic operations, such as a secure key store used
1029N/A When BIND is built with OpenSSL PKCS#11 support, this defaults
970N/A to the string "pkcs11", which identifies an OpenSSL engine
341N/A that can drive a cryptographic accelerator or hardware service
341N/A module. When BIND is built with native PKCS#11 cryptography
493N/A (--enable-native-pkcs11), it defaults to the path of the PKCS#11
969N/A provider library specified via "--with-pkcs11".
341N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-f</
span></
dt>
493N/A Run the server in the foreground (
i.e. do not daemonize).
1029N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-g</
span></
dt>
341N/A Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
341N/A to <
code class="filename">stderr</
code>.
493N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-L <
em class="replaceable"><
code>logfile</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
1064N/A Log to the file <
code class="option">logfile</
code> by default
341N/A instead of the system log.
1029N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-M <
em class="replaceable"><
code>option</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
1029N/A Sets the default memory context options. Currently
341N/A the only supported option is
965N/A <
em class="replaceable"><
code>external</
code></
em>,
965N/A which causes the internal memory manager to be bypassed
1425N/A in favor of system-provided memory allocation functions.
1425N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-m <
em class="replaceable"><
code>flag</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
851N/A Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are
851N/A <
em class="replaceable"><
code>usage</
code></
em>,
851N/A <
em class="replaceable"><
code>trace</
code></
em>,
851N/A <
em class="replaceable"><
code>record</
code></
em>,
851N/A <
em class="replaceable"><
code>size</
code></
em>, and
341N/A <
em class="replaceable"><
code>mctx</
code></
em>.
493N/A These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
341N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-n <
em class="replaceable"><
code>#cpus</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
341N/A Create <
em class="replaceable"><
code>#cpus</
code></
em> worker threads
341N/A to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
341N/A <
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span> will try to determine the
493N/A number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
341N/A If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
1418N/A single worker thread will be created.
341N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-p <
em class="replaceable"><
code>port</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
493N/A Listen for queries on port <
em class="replaceable"><
code>port</
code></
em>. If not
493N/A specified, the default is port 53.
493N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-s</
span></
dt>
341N/A Write memory usage statistics to <
code class="filename">stdout</
code> on exit.
922N/A<
div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
910N/A<
h3 class="title">Note</
h3>
970N/A This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
963N/A and may be removed or changed in a future release.
970N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-S <
em class="replaceable"><
code>#max-socks</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
922N/A Allow <
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span> to use up to
851N/A <
em class="replaceable"><
code>#max-socks</
code></
em> sockets.
851N/A The default value is 4096 on systems built with default
851N/A configuration options, and 21000 on systems built with
341N/A "configure --with-tuning=large".
922N/A<
div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
851N/A<
h3 class="title">Warning</
h3>
1488N/A This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority
963N/A The use of this option could even be harmful because the
970N/A specified value may exceed the limitation of the
963N/A It is therefore set only when the default configuration
963N/A causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the
963N/A operational environment is known to support the
963N/A specified number of sockets.
963N/A Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little
963N/A fewer than the specified value because
<
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span> reserves some file descriptors
<
dt><
span class="term">-t <
em class="replaceable"><
code>directory</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
to <
em class="replaceable"><
code>directory</
code></
em> after
processing the command line arguments, but before
reading the configuration file.
<
div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<
h3 class="title">Warning</
h3>
This option should be used in conjunction with the
<
code class="option">-u</
code> option, as chrooting a process
running as root doesn't enhance security on most
systems; the way <
code class="function">chroot(2)</
code> is
defined allows a process with root privileges to
<
dt><
span class="term">-U <
em class="replaceable"><
code>#listeners</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
Use <
em class="replaceable"><
code>#listeners</
code></
em>
worker threads to listen for incoming UDP packets on each
address. If not specified, <
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span> will
calculate a default value based on the number of detected
CPUs: 1 for 1 CPU, and the number of detected CPUs
minus one for machines with more than 1 CPU. This cannot
be increased to a value higher than the number of CPUs.
If <
code class="option">-n</
code> has been set to a higher value than
the number of detected CPUs, then <
code class="option">-U</
code> may
be increased as high as that value, but no higher.
On Windows, the number of UDP listeners is hardwired to 1
and this option has no effect.
<
dt><
span class="term">-u <
em class="replaceable"><
code>user</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
to <
em class="replaceable"><
code>user</
code></
em> after completing
privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
listen on privileged ports.
<
div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<
h3 class="title">Note</
h3>
On Linux, <
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span> uses the kernel's
capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
except the ability to <
code class="function">bind(2)</
code> to
privileged port and set process resource limits.
Unfortunately, this means that the <
code class="option">-u</
code>
option only works when <
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span> is
on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
to be retained after <
code class="function">setuid(2)</
code>.
<
dt><
span class="term">-v</
span></
dt>
Report the version number and exit.
<
dt><
span class="term">-V</
span></
dt>
Report the version number and build options, and exit.
<
dt><
span class="term">-X <
em class="replaceable"><
code>lock-file</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
Acquire a lock on the specified file at runtime; this
helps to prevent duplicate <
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span> instances
from running simultaneously.
Use of this option overrides the <
span class="command"><
strong>lock-file</
strong></
span>
option in <
code class="filename">
named.conf</
code>.
If set to <
code class="literal">none</
code>, the lock file check
<
dt><
span class="term">-x <
em class="replaceable"><
code>cache-file</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
Load data from <
em class="replaceable"><
code>cache-file</
code></
em> into the
cache of the default view.
<
div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<
h3 class="title">Warning</
h3>
This option must not be used. It is only of interest
to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
<
a name="id-1.14.16.9"></
a><
h2>SIGNALS</
h2>
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
the nameserver; <
span class="command"><
strong>rndc</
strong></
span> should be used
<
div class="variablelist"><
dl class="variablelist">
<
dt><
span class="term">SIGHUP</
span></
dt>
Force a reload of the server.
<
dt><
span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</
span></
dt>
The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
<
a name="id-1.14.16.10"></
a><
h2>CONFIGURATION</
h2>
The <
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span> configuration file is too complex
to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
<
em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</
em>.
<
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span> inherits the <
code class="function">umask</
code>
(file creation mode mask) from the parent process. If files
created by <
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span>, such as journal files,
need to have custom permissions, the <
code class="function">umask</
code>
should be set explicitly in the script used to start the
<
span class="command"><
strong>named</
strong></
span> process.
<
a name="id-1.14.16.11"></
a><
h2>FILES</
h2>
<
div class="variablelist"><
dl class="variablelist">
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="filename">/
etc/
named.conf</
code></
span></
dt>
The default configuration file.
The default process-id file.
<
a name="id-1.14.16.12"></
a><
h2>SEE ALSO</
h2>
<
p><
em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</
em>,
<
em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</
em>,
<
em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</
em>,
<
span class="citerefentry"><
span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</
span>(8)</
span>,
<
span class="citerefentry"><
span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</
span>(8)</
span>,
<
span class="citerefentry"><
span class="refentrytitle">rndc</
span>(8)</
span>,
<
span class="citerefentry"><
span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</
span>(8)</
span>,
<
span class="citerefentry"><
span class="refentrytitle">
named.conf</
span>(5)</
span>,
<
em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</
em>.
<
table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
<
td width="40%" align="left">
<
td width="20%" align="center"><
a accesskey="u" href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html">Up</
a></
td>
<
td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">
<
span class="application">lwresd</
span>�</
td>
<
td width="20%" align="center"><
a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</
a></
td>
<
td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�<
code class="filename">
named.conf</
code>