man.named.html revision 1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<!--
938440694b33cd752e9e4b71a526368b4811c177Tinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews -
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews -
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt-->
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<!-- $Id: man.named.html,v 1.54 2007/06/20 02:27:33 marka Exp $ -->
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<html>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<head>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<title>named</title>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<link rel="start" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html" title="Manual pages">
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<link rel="prev" href="man.named-checkzone.html" title="named-checkzone">
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<link rel="next" href="man.rndc.html" title="rndc">
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews</head>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<div class="navheader">
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center"><span class="application">named</span></th></tr>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<tr>
b79fc6723bc9896ad6eb79e1bed1f9b37c4915ebMark Andrews<td width="20%" align="left">
b79fc6723bc9896ad6eb79e1bed1f9b37c4915ebMark Andrews<a accesskey="p" href="man.named-checkzone.html">Prev</a>�</td>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<th width="60%" align="center">Manual pages</th>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="man.rndc.html">Next</a>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews</td>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews</tr>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews</table>
024cf50d122a16a3ce190692d3669ecee47c23aaTinderbox User<hr>
938440694b33cd752e9e4b71a526368b4811c177Tinderbox User</div>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<div class="refentry" lang="en">
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<a name="man.named"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<div class="refnamediv">
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<h2>Name</h2>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<p><span class="application">named</span> &#8212; Internet domain name server</p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt</div>
b79fc6723bc9896ad6eb79e1bed1f9b37c4915ebMark Andrews<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<h2>Synopsis</h2>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code> [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt</div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="id2602177"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt </p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When invoked without arguments, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt will
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews read the default configuration file
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews data, and listen for queries.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt </p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt</div>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<a name="id2603436"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<div class="variablelist"><dl>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dd><p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt exclusive.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt </p></dd>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dd><p>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews exclusive.
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews </p></dd>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dd><p>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews configuration file instead of the default,
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>. To
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews to work after the server has changed its working
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews directory due to to a possible
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews an absolute pathname.
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews </p></dd>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dd><p>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>.
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> become
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews more verbose as the debug level increases.
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews </p></dd>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dd><p>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews </p></dd>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dd><p>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews to <code class="filename">stderr</code>.
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews </p></dd>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dd><p>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>usage</code></em>,
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>trace</code></em>,
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>record</code></em>,
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em>, and
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>mctx</code></em>.
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews <code class="filename">&lt;isc/mem.h&gt;</code>.
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews </p></dd>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dd><p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will try to determine the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews single worker thread will be created.
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews </p></dd>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dd><p>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>. If not
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews specified, the default is port 53.
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews </p></dd>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-s</span></dt>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews<dd>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<p>
1cefb9df3fa34d08734f29005cfafa6be5cf3e93Mark Andrews Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt </p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
<p>
This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
and may be removed or changed in a future release.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>Chroot
to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after
processing the command line arguments, but before
reading the configuration file.
</p>
<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
<p>
This option should be used in conjunction with the
<code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process
running as root doesn't enhance security on most
systems; the way <code class="function">chroot(2)</code> is
defined allows a process with root privileges to
escape a chroot jail.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>Setuid
to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing
privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
listen on privileged ports.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
<p>
On Linux, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> uses the kernel's
capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
except the ability to <code class="function">bind(2)</code> to
a
privileged port and set process resource limits.
Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code>
option only works when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
run
on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
to be retained after <code class="function">setuid(2)</code>.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Report the version number and exit.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the
cache of the default view.
</p>
<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
<p>
This option must not be used. It is only of interest
to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
future release.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2603915"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2>
<p>
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used
instead.
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">SIGHUP</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Force a reload of the server.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Shut down the server.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2605604"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
<p>
The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
in the
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2605623"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
The default configuration file.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named.pid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
The default process-id file.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2605667"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2605737"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr>
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left">
<a accesskey="p" href="man.named-checkzone.html">Prev</a>�</td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">Up</a></td>
<td width="40%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="man.rndc.html">Next</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">
<span class="application">named-checkzone</span>�</td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�<span class="application">rndc</span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>