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0N/A<
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span class="application">mdig</
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tr>
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0N/A<
th width="60%" align="center">Manual pages</
th>
0N/A<
div class="refentry">
0N/A <
div class="refnamediv">
0N/A <
span class="application">mdig</
span>
0N/A — DNS pipelined lookup utility
0N/A <
div class="refsynopsisdiv">
0N/A <
div class="cmdsynopsis"><
p>
0N/A <
code class="command">mdig</
code>
0N/A [<
code class="option">-f <
em class="replaceable"><
code>filename</
code></
em></
code>]
0N/A [<
code class="option">-h</
code>]
0N/A [<
code class="option">-v</
code>]
0N/A [<
code class="option">-4</
code>]
0N/A [<
code class="option">-6</
code>]
0N/A [<
code class="option">-m</
code>]
0N/A [<
code class="option">-b <
em class="replaceable"><
code>address</
code></
em></
code>]
0N/A [<
code class="option">-p <
em class="replaceable"><
code>port#</
code></
em></
code>]
0N/A [<
code class="option">-c <
em class="replaceable"><
code>class</
code></
em></
code>]
0N/A [<
code class="option">-t <
em class="replaceable"><
code>type</
code></
em></
code>]
0N/A [<
code class="option">-i</
code>]
0N/A [<
code class="option">-x <
em class="replaceable"><
code>addr</
code></
em></
code>]
0N/A <
div class="cmdsynopsis"><
p>
0N/A <
code class="command">mdig</
code>
0N/A <
div class="cmdsynopsis"><
p>
0N/A <
code class="command">mdig</
code>
0N/A <
div class="refsection">
0N/A<
a name="id-1.14.3.7"></
a><
h2>DESCRIPTION</
h2>
0N/A <
p><
span class="command"><
strong>mdig</
strong></
span>
113N/A instead of waiting for a response after sending each query,
113N/A it begins by sending all queries. Responses are displayed in
0N/A the order in which they are received, not in the order the
0N/A corresponding queries were sent.
0N/A <
span class="command"><
strong>mdig</
strong></
span> options are a subset of the
0N/A <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> options, and are divided into "anywhere
0N/A options" which can occur anywhere, "global options" which must
0N/A occur before the query name (or they are ignored with a warning),
0N/A and "local options" which apply to the next query on the command
0N/A The {@server} option is a mandatory global
0N/A option. It is the name or IP address of the name server to query.
0N/A (Unlike <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span>, this value is not retrieved from
0N/A in dotted-decimal notation, an IPv6 address in colon-delimited
0N/A notation, or a hostname. When the supplied
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>server</
code></
em> argument is a hostname,
0N/A <
span class="command"><
strong>mdig</
strong></
span> resolves that name before querying
0N/A <
p><
span class="command"><
strong>mdig</
strong></
span>
0N/A provides a number of query options which affect
0N/A the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
0N/A these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
0N/A sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
0N/A and retry strategies.
0N/A Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus
0N/A sign (<
code class="literal">+</
code>). Some keywords set or reset an
0N/A option. These may be preceded by the string <
code class="literal">no</
code>
0N/A to negate the meaning of that keyword. Other keywords assign
0N/A values to options like the timeout interval. They have the
0N/A form <
code class="option">+keyword=value</
code>.
0N/A <
div class="refsection">
0N/A<
a name="id-1.14.3.8"></
a><
h2>ANYWHERE OPTIONS</
h2>
0N/A The <
code class="option">-f</
code> option makes <
span class="command"><
strong>mdig</
strong></
span>
0N/A operate in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to
0N/A process from the file <
em class="parameter"><
code>filename</
code></
em>. The file
0N/A contains a number of queries, one per line. Each entry in the
0N/A file should be organized in the same way they would be presented
0N/A as queries to <
span class="command"><
strong>mdig</
strong></
span> using the command-line interface.
0N/A The <
code class="option">-h</
code> causes <
span class="command"><
strong>mdig</
strong></
span> to
0N/A print the detailed help with the full list of options and exit.
0N/A The <
code class="option">-v</
code> causes <
span class="command"><
strong>mdig</
strong></
span> to
0N/A print the version number and exit.
0N/A <
div class="refsection">
0N/A<
a name="id-1.14.3.9"></
a><
h2>GLOBAL OPTIONS</
h2>
0N/A The <
code class="option">-4</
code> option forces <
span class="command"><
strong>mdig</
strong></
span> to
0N/A only use IPv4 query transport.
0N/A The <
code class="option">-6</
code> option forces <
span class="command"><
strong>mdig</
strong></
span> to
0N/A only use IPv6 query transport.
0N/A The <
code class="option">-b</
code> option sets the source IP address of the
0N/A query to <
em class="parameter"><
code>address</
code></
em>. This must be a valid
0N/A address on one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or
0N/A "::". An optional port may be specified by appending
0N/A The <
code class="option">-m</
code> option enables memory usage debugging.
0N/A The <
code class="option">-p</
code> option is used when a non-standard port
0N/A number is to be queried.
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>port#</
code></
em> is the port number
0N/A that <
span class="command"><
strong>mdig</
strong></
span> will send its queries instead of
0N/A the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used to
0N/A test a name server that has been configured to listen for
0N/A queries on a non-standard port number.
0N/A The global query options are:
0N/A<
div class="variablelist"><
dl class="variablelist">
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]additional</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Display [do not display] the additional section of a
0N/A reply. The default is to display it.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]all</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Set or clear all display flags.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]answer</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Display [do not display] the answer section of a
0N/A reply. The default is to display it.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]authority</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Display [do not display] the authority section of a
0N/A reply. The default is to display it.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]besteffort</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Attempt to display the contents of messages which are
0N/A malformed. The default is to not display malformed
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]cl</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]comments</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Toggle the display of comment lines in the output.
0N/A The default is to print comments.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]continue</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Continue on errors (
e.g. timeouts).
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]crypto</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC
0N/A records. The contents of these field are unnecessary
0N/A to debug most DNSSEC validation failures and removing
0N/A them makes it easier to see the common failures. The
0N/A default is to display the fields. When omitted they
0N/A are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or in the
0N/A DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement,
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+dscp[=value]</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Set the DSCP code point to be used when sending the
0N/A query. Valid DSCP code points are in the range
0N/A [0..63]. By default no code point is explicitly set.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]multiline</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Print records like the SOA records in a verbose
0N/A multi-line format with human-readable comments. The
0N/A default is to print each record on a single line, to
0N/A facilitate machine parsing of the <
span class="command"><
strong>mdig</
strong></
span>
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]question</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Print [do not print] the question section of a query
0N/A when an answer is returned. The default is to print
0N/A the question section as a comment.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]rrcomments</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Toggle the display of per-record comments in the
0N/A output (for example, human-readable key information
0N/A about DNSKEY records). The default is not to print
0N/A record comments unless multiline mode is active.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]short</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the
0N/A answer in a verbose form.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+split=W</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource
0N/A records into chunks of <
em class="parameter"><
code>W</
code></
em>
0N/A characters (where <
em class="parameter"><
code>W</
code></
em> is rounded
0N/A up to the nearest multiple of 4).
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>+nosplit</
code></
em> or
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>+split=0</
code></
em> causes fields not to
0N/A be split at all. The default is 56 characters, or
0N/A 44 characters when multiline mode is active.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]tcp</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The
0N/A default behavior is to use UDP.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]ttlid</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]ttlunits</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Display [do not display] the TTL in friendly human-readable
0N/A time units of "s", "m", "h", "d", and "w", representing
0N/A seconds, minutes, hours, days and weeks. Implies +ttlid.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]vc</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This
113N/A alternate syntax to <
em class="parameter"><
code>+[no]tcp</
code></
em>
0N/A is provided for backwards compatibility. The "vc"
0N/A stands for "virtual circuit".
0N/A <
div class="refsection">
113N/A<
a name="id-1.14.3.10"></
a><
h2>LOCAL OPTIONS</
h2>
0N/A The <
code class="option">-c</
code> option sets the query class to
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>class</
code></
em>. It can be any valid query class
0N/A which is supported in BIND 9. The default query class is "IN".
0N/A The <
code class="option">-t</
code> option sets the query type to
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>type</
code></
em>. It can be any valid query type
0N/A which is supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A",
113N/A unless the <
code class="option">-x</
code> option is supplied to indicate
0N/A a reverse lookup with the "PTR" query type.
0N/A The <
code class="option">-i</
code> option sets the reverse domain for
0N/A Reverse lookups — mapping addresses to names — are
0N/A simplified by the <
code class="option">-x</
code> option.
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>addr</
code></
em> is an IPv4
0N/A address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
0N/A <
span class="command"><
strong>mdig</
strong></
span> automatically performs a lookup for a
0N/A sets the query type and class to PTR and IN respectively.
0N/A By default, IPv6 addresses are looked up using nibble format
0N/A under the
IP6.ARPA domain. To use the older RFC1886 method
0N/A using the
IP6.INT domain specify the <
code class="option">-i</
code> option.
0N/A The local query options are:
0N/A<
div class="variablelist"><
dl class="variablelist">
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]aaflag</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A A synonym for <
em class="parameter"><
code>+[no]aaonly</
code></
em>.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]aaonly</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]adflag</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the
0N/A query. This requests the server to return whether
0N/A all of the answer and authority sections have all
0N/A been validated as secure according to the security
0N/A policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records
0N/A have been validated as secure and the answer is not
0N/A from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part
0N/A of the answer was insecure or not validated. This
0N/A bit is set by default.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+bufsize=B</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0
0N/A to <
em class="parameter"><
code>B</
code></
em> bytes. The maximum and
0N/A minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively.
0N/A Values outside this range are rounded up or down
0N/A appropriately. Values other than zero will cause a
0N/A EDNS query to be sent.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]cdflag</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in
0N/A the query. This requests the server to not perform
0N/A DNSSEC validation of responses.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]cookie[<
span class="optional">=####</
span>]</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Send a COOKIE EDNS option, with optional value.
0N/A Replaying a COOKIE from a previous response will allow
0N/A the server to identify a previous client. The default
0N/A is <
code class="option">+nocookie</
code>.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]dnssec</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC
0N/A OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]edns[=#]</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
0N/A are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause
0N/A a EDNS query to be sent. <
code class="option">+noedns</
code>
0N/A clears the remembered EDNS version. EDNS is set to
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]ednsflags[=#]</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Set the must-be-zero EDNS flags bits (Z bits) to the
0N/A specified value. Decimal, hex and octal encodings are
0N/A accepted. Setting a named flag (
e.g. DO) will silently be
0N/A ignored. By default, no Z bits are set.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]ednsopt[=code[:value]]</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Specify EDNS option with code point <
code class="option">code</
code>
0N/A and optionally payload of <
code class="option">value</
code> as a
0N/A hexadecimal string. <
code class="option">+noednsopt</
code>
0N/A clears the EDNS options to be sent.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]expire</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Send an EDNS Expire option.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]nsid</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]recurse</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit
0N/A in the query. This bit is set by default, which means
0N/A <
span class="command"><
strong>mdig</
strong></
span> normally sends recursive
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+retry=T</
code></
span></
dt>
Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to
server to <
em class="parameter"><
code>T</
code></
em> instead of the
default, 2. Unlike <
em class="parameter"><
code>+tries</
code></
em>,
this does not include the initial query.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]subnet=addr[/prefix-length]</
code></
span></
dt>
Send (don't send) an EDNS Client Subnet option with the
specified IP address or network prefix.
<
span class="command"><
strong>mdig +subnet=0.0.0.0/0</
strong></
span>, or simply
<
span class="command"><
strong>mdig +subnet=0</
strong></
span> for short, sends an EDNS
client-subnet option with an empty address and a source
prefix-length of zero, which signals a resolver that
the client's address information must
<
span class="emphasis"><
em>not</
em></
span> be used when resolving
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+timeout=T</
code></
span></
dt>
Sets the timeout for a query to
<
em class="parameter"><
code>T</
code></
em> seconds. The default
timeout is 5 seconds for UDP transport and 10 for TCP.
An attempt to set <
em class="parameter"><
code>T</
code></
em> to less
in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+tries=T</
code></
span></
dt>
Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server
to <
em class="parameter"><
code>T</
code></
em> instead of the default,
3. If <
em class="parameter"><
code>T</
code></
em> is less than or equal
to zero, the number of tries is silently rounded up
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+udptimeout=T</
code></
span></
dt>
Sets the timeout between UDP query retries.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]unknownformat</
code></
span></
dt>
Print all RDATA in unknown RR type presentation format
(RFC 3597). The default is to print RDATA for known types
in the type's presentation format.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]zflag</
code></
span></
dt>
Set [do not set] the last unassigned DNS header flag in a
DNS query. This flag is off by default.
<
a name="id-1.14.3.11"></
a><
h2>SEE ALSO</
h2>
<
p><
span class="citerefentry">
<
span class="refentrytitle">dig</
span>(1)
<
em class="citetitle">RFC1035</
em>.
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