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efb0e886f18894a1d2489f1ad74ad14b579e11c7Mark Andrews<a name="man.host"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
015055b6e23f5c08f6a5b34726f90b62597e9e45Tinderbox User — DNS lookup utility
827f8cccb5280f4da66c46186e792d1cb9d73503Mark Andrews [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>]
aa9c561961e9d877946ebaa8795fa2be054ab7bfEvan Hunt [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>ndots</code></em></code>]
710bce1a85c96e85ca1a90471382055acd29d51fTinderbox User [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></code>]
9513a2a6670951f5cf5477fcfec9f933fcaff628Automatic Updater [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>]
3759f10fc543747668b1ca4b4671f35b0dea8445Francis Dupont [<code class="option">-W <em class="replaceable"><code>wait</code></em></code>]
9513a2a6670951f5cf5477fcfec9f933fcaff628Automatic Updater [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>]
e813f036c8251b6d9d2a72fa84f80c2c9d2795afMark Andrews <p><span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span>
30370d905e9be3be7d9b947fd432bacecbb13bb9Evan Hunt is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups.
0eb371ca0dab50ae3462e98794a6126198c52f4bMark Andrews It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa.
015055b6e23f5c08f6a5b34726f90b62597e9e45Tinderbox User When no arguments or options are given,
03ebc228ee3725738b067b6bd7082a9a731822a1Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span>
fec6e13f2d1e69fe1c2b8fac36f732f124cf5398Mark Andrews prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options.
fec6e13f2d1e69fe1c2b8fac36f732f124cf5398Mark Andrews <p><em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> is the domain name that is to be
2ae159b376dac23870d8005563c585acf85a4b5aEvan Hunt up. It can also be a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or a colon-delimited
2ae159b376dac23870d8005563c585acf85a4b5aEvan Hunt IPv6 address, in which case <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> will by
30370d905e9be3be7d9b947fd432bacecbb13bb9Evan Hunt perform a reverse lookup for that address.
2ae159b376dac23870d8005563c585acf85a4b5aEvan Hunt <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> is an optional argument which
e76dfff967cfbe00f4d1540434832e4499a9cd83Tinderbox User the name or IP address of the name server that <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span>
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews should query instead of the server or servers listed in
549c517e2ecad52bb1d32f08920e29d4e8cda71eTinderbox User <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
b91d11bfcc30b96f2c80f3a76d12e3dcc8597a68Mark Andrews <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews Use IPv4 only for query transport.
9ecb5d33470ebfb3719a1b8d56bcefdf4b27f7b2Tinderbox User See also the <code class="option">-6</code> option.
9ecb5d33470ebfb3719a1b8d56bcefdf4b27f7b2Tinderbox User Use IPv6 only for query transport.
efb0e886f18894a1d2489f1ad74ad14b579e11c7Mark Andrews See also the <code class="option">-4</code> option.
9ecb5d33470ebfb3719a1b8d56bcefdf4b27f7b2Tinderbox User "All". The <code class="option">-a</code> option is normally equivalent
e813f036c8251b6d9d2a72fa84f80c2c9d2795afMark Andrews to <code class="option">-v -t <code class="literal">ANY</code></code>.
30370d905e9be3be7d9b947fd432bacecbb13bb9Evan Hunt It also affects the behaviour of the <code class="option">-l</code>
0eb371ca0dab50ae3462e98794a6126198c52f4bMark Andrews list zone option.
9ecb5d33470ebfb3719a1b8d56bcefdf4b27f7b2Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
0eb371ca0dab50ae3462e98794a6126198c52f4bMark Andrews Query class: This can be used to lookup HS (Hesiod) or CH
28a5dd720187fddb16055a0f64b63a7b66f29f64Mark Andrews (Chaosnet) class resource records. The default class is IN
e40c4e4c17d4df338e2a7db0f84d8dbb3858964cTinderbox User Check consistency: <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> will query the
827f8cccb5280f4da66c46186e792d1cb9d73503Mark Andrews SOA records for zone <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from all
fec6e13f2d1e69fe1c2b8fac36f732f124cf5398Mark Andrews the listed authoritative name servers for that zone. The
2a31bd531072824ef252c18303859d6af7451b00Francis Dupont list of name servers is defined by the NS records that are
e40c4e4c17d4df338e2a7db0f84d8dbb3858964cTinderbox User found for the zone.
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews Print debugging traces.
78f3ed4bc2fcd3d270bfd599804f3b27a1db4d91Mark Andrews Equivalent to the <code class="option">-v</code> verbose option.
78f3ed4bc2fcd3d270bfd599804f3b27a1db4d91Mark Andrews Use the IP6.INT domain for reverse lookups of IPv6
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews addresses as defined in RFC1886 and deprecated in RFC4159.
549c517e2ecad52bb1d32f08920e29d4e8cda71eTinderbox User The default is to use IP6.ARPA as specified in RFC3596.
361967ea970ea8f0ef8875e769505ecdac74bfb0Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> command performs a zone transfer of
e40c4e4c17d4df338e2a7db0f84d8dbb3858964cTinderbox User zone <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> and prints out the NS,
0eb371ca0dab50ae3462e98794a6126198c52f4bMark Andrews options print all records in the zone.
9ecb5d33470ebfb3719a1b8d56bcefdf4b27f7b2Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>ndots</code></em></span></dt>
0eb371ca0dab50ae3462e98794a6126198c52f4bMark Andrews The number of dots that have to be
9ecb5d33470ebfb3719a1b8d56bcefdf4b27f7b2Tinderbox User in <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> for it to be considered
fa0326cc2cf428f67575b6ba3b97b528a31b0010Tinderbox User absolute. The default value is that defined using the
9ecb5d33470ebfb3719a1b8d56bcefdf4b27f7b2Tinderbox User ndots statement in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>,
e813f036c8251b6d9d2a72fa84f80c2c9d2795afMark Andrews or 1 if no ndots statement is present. Names with fewer
30370d905e9be3be7d9b947fd432bacecbb13bb9Evan Hunt dots are interpreted as relative names and will be
0eb371ca0dab50ae3462e98794a6126198c52f4bMark Andrews searched for in the domains listed in
9ecb5d33470ebfb3719a1b8d56bcefdf4b27f7b2Tinderbox User the <span class="type">search</span> or <span class="type">domain</span> directive
fe80a4909bf62b602feaf246866e9d29f7654194Automatic Updater in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
91216cff91b34c9ff6e846dc23f248219cafe660Andreas Gustafsson Non-recursive query:
9ecb5d33470ebfb3719a1b8d56bcefdf4b27f7b2Tinderbox User Setting this option clears the RD (recursion desired) bit
e813f036c8251b6d9d2a72fa84f80c2c9d2795afMark Andrews in the query. This should mean that the name server
30370d905e9be3be7d9b947fd432bacecbb13bb9Evan Hunt receiving the query will not attempt to
0eb371ca0dab50ae3462e98794a6126198c52f4bMark Andrews resolve <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>.
dd65eb1efb40b1c47d57963192bfc54873b219beAutomatic Updater enables <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> to mimic the behavior of a
9ecb5d33470ebfb3719a1b8d56bcefdf4b27f7b2Tinderbox User name server by making non-recursive queries and expecting
e813f036c8251b6d9d2a72fa84f80c2c9d2795afMark Andrews to receive answers to those queries that can be
30370d905e9be3be7d9b947fd432bacecbb13bb9Evan Hunt referrals to other name servers.
133e6d43fa82e80d3798be4de00f4540f485ec6cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span></dt>
30370d905e9be3be7d9b947fd432bacecbb13bb9Evan Hunt Number of retries for UDP queries:
0eb371ca0dab50ae3462e98794a6126198c52f4bMark Andrews If <em class="parameter"><code>number</code></em> is negative or zero, the
9ecb5d33470ebfb3719a1b8d56bcefdf4b27f7b2Tinderbox User number of retries will default to 1. The default value is
91216cff91b34c9ff6e846dc23f248219cafe660Andreas Gustafsson 1, or the value of the <em class="parameter"><code>attempts</code></em>
9ecb5d33470ebfb3719a1b8d56bcefdf4b27f7b2Tinderbox User option in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, if set.
9ecb5d33470ebfb3719a1b8d56bcefdf4b27f7b2Tinderbox User Do <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> send the query to the next
e813f036c8251b6d9d2a72fa84f80c2c9d2795afMark Andrews nameserver if any server responds with a SERVFAIL
30370d905e9be3be7d9b947fd432bacecbb13bb9Evan Hunt response, which is the reverse of normal stub resolver
5affecff6e148a8e124d03f5dbac0da11e30dcc5Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></span></dt>
bac4435d473c9a0281507524f084480c34aa942aTinderbox User The <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument can be any
1fce11b1d3f2d461d261156b8cdc64ab864f06a9Tinderbox User recognized query type: CNAME, NS, SOA, TXT, DNSKEY, AXFR, etc.
361967ea970ea8f0ef8875e769505ecdac74bfb0Tinderbox User When no query type is specified, <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span>
7ca715ad1587a68a531ea1cdea07515d7232567eTinderbox User automatically selects an appropriate query type. By default, it
015055b6e23f5c08f6a5b34726f90b62597e9e45Tinderbox User looks for A, AAAA, and MX records.
8711e5c73ca872d59810760af0332194cbdd619bAutomatic Updater If the <code class="option">-C</code> option is given, queries will
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater be made for SOA records.
689fb19ba11ed40363cbc031d0396befdb409b89Tinderbox User If <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> is a dotted-decimal IPv4
91d187ce035f39073f0732ff2a401a45c3c955fbMark Andrews address or colon-delimited IPv6
933799f3641f4f78445d015008bad0038900a82aTinderbox User address, <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> will query for PTR
4151211e6649332f7b5a55870cbe37128bcc7b29Tinderbox User If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting serial
91d187ce035f39073f0732ff2a401a45c3c955fbMark Andrews number can be specified by appending an equal followed by
ac2e2800b4ac9cbe4cb756d967f4583c611eb75eMark Andrews the starting serial number
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater (like <code class="option">-t <code class="literal">IXFR=12345678</code></code>).
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<span class="term">-T, </span><span class="term">-U</span>
b02be031b9ff37b042adc8e68e36b8bbc1f672b7Tinderbox User By default, <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> uses UDP when making
933799f3641f4f78445d015008bad0038900a82aTinderbox User queries. The <code class="option">-T</code> option makes it use a TCP
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater connection when querying the name server. TCP will be
19b3dc94bce93fa76bd7e066f9298630dbc9dcb4Automatic Updater automatically selected for queries that require it, such
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater as zone transfer (AXFR) requests. Type ANY queries default
9513a2a6670951f5cf5477fcfec9f933fcaff628Automatic Updater to TCP but can be forced to UDP initially using <code class="option">-U</code>.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt>
91d187ce035f39073f0732ff2a401a45c3c955fbMark Andrews Memory usage debugging: the flag can
c2abd6efeb9affa70aabb63da2acb23e135cf7f2Mark Andrews be <em class="parameter"><code>record</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>usage</code></em>,
3759f10fc543747668b1ca4b4671f35b0dea8445Francis Dupont or <em class="parameter"><code>trace</code></em>. You can specify
dc238a06bffa79de141ee7655765e2df91498a8aTinderbox User the <code class="option">-m</code> option more than once to set
f525041ae26958385b697cf82a30f108577024b6Tinderbox User multiple flags.
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews Verbose output.
f2f7a53ba0ba69cfe8c505eea16f71bad9d8d449Tinderbox User Equivalent to the <code class="option">-d</code> debug option.
c26604a73c4ce907ef6392f38b3fac838b1873a9Tinderbox User Verbose output can also be enabled by setting
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews the <em class="parameter"><code>debug</code></em> option
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
ba8b771c371967dd1254c7fa82ebe4158ee04b24Tinderbox User Print the version number and exit.
5affecff6e148a8e124d03f5dbac0da11e30dcc5Tinderbox User Wait forever: The query timeout is set to the maximum possible.
dedefc0bdbb4e6e39eeb98aa2fc6883efec2ddb0Mark Andrews See also the <code class="option">-W</code> option.
757ff043760e4743dda1a10e7d58349275934902Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-W <em class="replaceable"><code>wait</code></em></span></dt>
a03cb08d0c4f1ca5fbc121d2f02bdffa7eb52286Mark Andrews Timeout: Wait for up to <em class="parameter"><code>wait</code></em>
757ff043760e4743dda1a10e7d58349275934902Tinderbox User seconds for a reply. If <em class="parameter"><code>wait</code></em> is
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater less than one, the wait interval is set to one second.
91216cff91b34c9ff6e846dc23f248219cafe660Andreas Gustafsson By default, <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> will wait for 5
a2c370ca12bb0360ff7e969474ead3f788c65fffTinderbox User seconds for UDP responses and 10 seconds for TCP
5affecff6e148a8e124d03f5dbac0da11e30dcc5Tinderbox User connections. These defaults can be overridden by
5affecff6e148a8e124d03f5dbac0da11e30dcc5Tinderbox User the <em class="parameter"><code>timeout</code></em> option
0eb371ca0dab50ae3462e98794a6126198c52f4bMark Andrews in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
f520803b46dc189fdaf84adc87ef327d3587b435Mark Andrews See also the <code class="option">-w</code> option.
9ecb5d33470ebfb3719a1b8d56bcefdf4b27f7b2Tinderbox User<a name="id-1.14.4.9"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
e813f036c8251b6d9d2a72fa84f80c2c9d2795afMark Andrews If <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
30370d905e9be3be7d9b947fd432bacecbb13bb9Evan Hunt domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
0eb371ca0dab50ae3462e98794a6126198c52f4bMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of
015055b6e23f5c08f6a5b34726f90b62597e9e45Tinderbox User domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
ebdf202f2198158ab4d30f22c370a9c63760d071Tinderbox User reply from the server.
8292deab031e7599cd7622aa7675fbe139ca6095Mark Andrews If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
c1e2310a3725eeed45e5e7c86750c64c5a02e993Francis Dupont the <code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</code> environment variable.
c1e2310a3725eeed45e5e7c86750c64c5a02e993Francis Dupont The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
c1e2310a3725eeed45e5e7c86750c64c5a02e993Francis Dupont <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> runs.
3759f10fc543747668b1ca4b4671f35b0dea8445Francis Dupont <p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
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e8fc8c884b44371784805e1e0d3100da403dd3f1Automatic Updater<td width="40%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="man.delv.html">Next</a>
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ab833877278ad5535eef57e4f62291becaea5bc5Mark Andrews<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.11.3 (Extended Support Version)</p>