man.dnssec-signzone.html revision 8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
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5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span> — DNSSEC zone signing tool</p>
b46346eb3026ba4bebc093bc93cfe159131e541eTinderbox User<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-signzone</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] [<code class="option">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-A</code>] {zonefile} [key...]</p></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
8e16b3078757ba3010c24aef805e9e29ed19518bTinderbox User signs a zone. It generates
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews determined by the presence or absence of a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">keyset</code> file for each child zone.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Verify all generated signatures.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specifies the DNS class of the zone.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.
03c0efc6892ef2ed17338b2ecbb2c5f23fbad0c9Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></span></dt>
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The domain is appended to the name of the records.
b49958b502ee45022010a0b1bed3968f598895a4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Look for <code class="filename">keyset</code> files in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="option">directory</code> as the directory
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Generate DS records for child zones from keyset files.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Existing DS records will be removed.
b3cbb2f1ad021349e89807f3492df6e4e679cd56Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></span></dt>
b49958b502ee45022010a0b1bed3968f598895a4Automatic Updater Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
b49958b502ee45022010a0b1bed3968f598895a4Automatic Updater become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative
b3cbb2f1ad021349e89807f3492df6e4e679cd56Mark Andrews time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number
b3cbb2f1ad021349e89807f3492df6e4e679cd56Mark Andrews in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.
8e16b3078757ba3010c24aef805e9e29ed19518bTinderbox User If no <code class="option">start-time</code> is specified, the current
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews expire. As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the start time. A time relative to the current time is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">end-time</code> is
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></span></dt>
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User default is to append <code class="filename">.signed</code> to
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User input filename.
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span></dt>
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User When a previously-signed zone is passed as input, records
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User may be resigned. The <code class="option">interval</code> option
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User between the signature end and start times. So if neither
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="option">end-time</code> or <code class="option">start-time</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews are specified, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be
6bcac4b58d16ee91184a72bd4ff05c41538fd932Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The format of the input zone file.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This option is primarily intended to be used for dynamic
8e16b3078757ba3010c24aef805e9e29ed19518bTinderbox User signed zones so that the dumped zone file in a non-text
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews format containing updates can be signed directly.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The use of this option does not make much sense for
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews non-dynamic zones.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews a previously-signed zone is passed as input to the signer,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews all expired signatures have to be regenerated at about the
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews same time. The <code class="option">jitter</code> option specifies a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews expire time, thus spreading incremental signature
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews regeneration over time.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration,
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews from all caches there will be less congestion than if all
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews validators need to refetch at mostly the same time.
1c09d68dfd18b6e839c8cd68b78c11b3ccca4160Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>ncpus</code></em></span></dt>
1c09d68dfd18b6e839c8cd68b78c11b3ccca4160Automatic Updater Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews thread is started for each detected CPU.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The SOA serial number format of the signed zone.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span> (default),
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dd><p>Do not modify the SOA serial number.</p></dd>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dd><p>Increment the SOA serial number using RFC 1982
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dd><p>Set the SOA serial number to the number of seconds
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is assumed to be the origin.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></span></dt>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews The format of the output file containing the signed zone.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default)
665a24faf6b3711e4012ac02ae5f0981c093ac1eTinderbox User and <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>.
b46346eb3026ba4bebc093bc93cfe159131e541eTinderbox User Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,
b46346eb3026ba4bebc093bc93cfe159131e541eTinderbox User but less secure, than using real random data. This option
b46346eb3026ba4bebc093bc93cfe159131e541eTinderbox User may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews source is limited.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews system does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is keyboard input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the name of a character device or file containing random
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews data to be used instead of the default. The special value
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews input should be used.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Print statistics at completion.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Sets the debugging level.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Generate a NSEC3 chain with the given hex encoded salt.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A dash (<em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em>) can
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews be used to indicate that no salt is to be used when generating the NSEC3 chain.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When generating a NSEC3 chain use this many interations. The
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews default is 100.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When generating a NSEC3 chain set the OPTOUT flag on all
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews NSEC3 records and do not generate NSEC3 records for insecure
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews delegations.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The file containing the zone to be signed.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specify which keys should be used to sign the zone. If
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews no keys are specified, then the zone will be examined
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for DNSKEY records at the zone apex. If these are found and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews there are matching private keys, in the current directory,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews then these will be used for signing.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The following command signs the <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zone with the DSA key generated by <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
8e16b3078757ba3010c24aef805e9e29ed19518bTinderbox User (Kexample.com.+003+17247). The zone's keys must be in the master
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews file (<code class="filename">db.example.com</code>). This invocation looks
8e16b3078757ba3010c24aef805e9e29ed19518bTinderbox User for <code class="filename">keyset</code> files, in the current directory,
8e16b3078757ba3010c24aef805e9e29ed19518bTinderbox User so that DS records can be generated from them (<span><strong class="command">-g</strong></span>).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">% dnssec-signzone -g -o example.com db.example.com \
8e16b3078757ba3010c24aef805e9e29ed19518bTinderbox User In the above example, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> creates
8e16b3078757ba3010c24aef805e9e29ed19518bTinderbox User the file <code class="filename">db.example.com.signed</code>. This
8e16b3078757ba3010c24aef805e9e29ed19518bTinderbox User file should be referenced in a zone statement in a
370c55dfcdc559b8761ef3eb4921498580caf14cAutomatic Updater This example re-signs a previously signed zone with default parameters.
370c55dfcdc559b8761ef3eb4921498580caf14cAutomatic Updater The private keys are assumed to be in the current directory.
370c55dfcdc559b8761ef3eb4921498580caf14cAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">% cp db.example.com.signed db.example.com
370c55dfcdc559b8761ef3eb4921498580caf14cAutomatic Updater% dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com
8e16b3078757ba3010c24aef805e9e29ed19518bTinderbox User<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
8e16b3078757ba3010c24aef805e9e29ed19518bTinderbox User <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
8e16b3078757ba3010c24aef805e9e29ed19518bTinderbox User<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
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