man.dnssec-signzone.html revision 09d72af3e9961c210d7baa6179165b6cd81e8dd0
d362465c77b375be2707bc83cebc731d0645d12dAutomatic Updater - Copyright (C) 2004-2015 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
ec5347e2c775f027573ce5648b910361aa926c01Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<!-- $Id$ -->
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1">
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<link rel="start" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html" title="Manual pages">
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<link rel="prev" href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime">
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<link rel="next" href="man.dnssec-verify.html" title="dnssec-verify">
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<tr><th colspan="3" align="center"><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span></th></tr>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<a accesskey="p" href="man.dnssec-settime.html">Prev</a>�</td>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="man.dnssec-verify.html">Next</a>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<a name="man.dnssec-signzone"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<p><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span> — DNSSEC zone signing tool</p>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-signzone</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D</code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>serial</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-M <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-Q</code>] [<code class="option">-R</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-S</code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t</code>] [<code class="option">-u</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>extended end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] [<code class="option">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-A</code>] {zonefile} [key...]</p></div>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley signs a zone. It generates
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein determined by the presence or absence of a
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley <code class="filename">keyset</code> file for each child zone.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Verify all generated signatures.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Specifies the DNS class of the zone.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Compatibility mode: Generate a
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley <code class="filename">keyset-<em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></code>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley file in addition to
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley <code class="filename">dsset-<em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></code>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein when signing a zone, for use by older versions of
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein Look for <code class="filename">dsset-</code> or
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <code class="filename">keyset-</code> files in <code class="option">directory</code>.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Output only those record types automatically managed by
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>, i.e. RRSIG, NSEC,
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley NSEC3 and NSEC3PARAM records. If smart signing
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley (<code class="option">-S</code>) is used, DNSKEY records are also
904a5734375869ffb504ed8cde6b68cafadb6d64Bob Halley included. The resulting file can be included in the original
a9179fca2377919901b2d3dd15da2eb87612a533Bob Halley zone file with <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>. This option
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley cannot be combined with <code class="option">-O raw</code>,
2047977ce2dfcfe3a0fa2d638c3242841310fad3Mark Andrews <code class="option">-O map</code>, or serial number updating.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></span></dt>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley When applicable, specifies the hardware to use for
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley cryptographic operations, such as a secure key store used
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley for signing.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein When BIND is built with OpenSSL PKCS#11 support, this defaults
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein to the string "pkcs11", which identifies an OpenSSL engine
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein that can drive a cryptographic accelerator or hardware service
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein module. When BIND is built with native PKCS#11 cryptography
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein (--enable-native-pkcs11), it defaults to the path of the PKCS#11
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein provider library specified via "--with-pkcs11".
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Generate DS records for child zones from
a9179fca2377919901b2d3dd15da2eb87612a533Bob Halley <code class="filename">dsset-</code> or <code class="filename">keyset-</code>
a9179fca2377919901b2d3dd15da2eb87612a533Bob Halley file. Existing DS records will be removed.
a9179fca2377919901b2d3dd15da2eb87612a533Bob Halley<dt><span class="term">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
a9179fca2377919901b2d3dd15da2eb87612a533Bob Halley Key repository: Specify a directory to search for DNSSEC keys.
a9179fca2377919901b2d3dd15da2eb87612a533Bob Halley If not specified, defaults to the current directory.
c03bb27f0675a6e60ceea66b451548e8481bc05cMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span></dt>
a76b380643a22f23a67a9df284e86cd7ef7608c1Mark Andrews Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any
a76b380643a22f23a67a9df284e86cd7ef7608c1Mark Andrews key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.
5fc7ba3e1ac5d72239e9971e0f469dd5796738f9Andreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></span></dt>
5fc7ba3e1ac5d72239e9971e0f469dd5796738f9Andreas Gustafsson Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.
0c8649cea98afc061dd2938fd315df53b8fc35caAndreas Gustafsson The domain is appended to the name of the records.
5fc7ba3e1ac5d72239e9971e0f469dd5796738f9Andreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-M <em class="replaceable"><code>maxttl</code></em></span></dt>
5fc7ba3e1ac5d72239e9971e0f469dd5796738f9Andreas Gustafsson Sets the maximum TTL for the signed zone.
5fc7ba3e1ac5d72239e9971e0f469dd5796738f9Andreas Gustafsson Any TTL higher than <em class="replaceable"><code>maxttl</code></em> in the
5fc7ba3e1ac5d72239e9971e0f469dd5796738f9Andreas Gustafsson input zone will be reduced to <em class="replaceable"><code>maxttl</code></em>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein in the output. This provides certainty as to the largest
5fc7ba3e1ac5d72239e9971e0f469dd5796738f9Andreas Gustafsson possible TTL in the signed zone, which is useful to know when
5fc7ba3e1ac5d72239e9971e0f469dd5796738f9Andreas Gustafsson rolling keys because it is the longest possible time before
2047977ce2dfcfe3a0fa2d638c3242841310fad3Mark Andrews signatures that have been retrieved by resolvers will expire
2047977ce2dfcfe3a0fa2d638c3242841310fad3Mark Andrews from resolver caches. Zones that are signed with this
2047977ce2dfcfe3a0fa2d638c3242841310fad3Mark Andrews option should be configured to use a matching
2047977ce2dfcfe3a0fa2d638c3242841310fad3Mark Andrews <code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
c5223c9cb7c22620d5ee6611228673e95b48a270Mark Andrews (Note: This option is incompatible with <code class="option">-D</code>,
c5223c9cb7c22620d5ee6611228673e95b48a270Mark Andrews because it modifies non-DNSSEC data in the output zone.)
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></span></dt>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley If no <code class="option">start-time</code> is specified, the current
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dt><span class="term">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></span></dt>
389c749a5ee18f1c0d6278ae49f2aae5d5f0d2dcMark Andrews Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
368b37b616234fce3d23099eb180f1dd38e1fb62Mark Andrews expire. As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
389c749a5ee18f1c0d6278ae49f2aae5d5f0d2dcMark Andrews to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
389c749a5ee18f1c0d6278ae49f2aae5d5f0d2dcMark Andrews the start time. A time relative to the current time is
389c749a5ee18f1c0d6278ae49f2aae5d5f0d2dcMark Andrews indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">end-time</code> is
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.
389c749a5ee18f1c0d6278ae49f2aae5d5f0d2dcMark Andrews <code class="option">end-time</code> must be later than
c03bb27f0675a6e60ceea66b451548e8481bc05cMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>extended end-time</code></em></span></dt>
29c818c7d40fc8898b062903ec703851328a4deaMark Andrews Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
29c818c7d40fc8898b062903ec703851328a4deaMark Andrews for the DNSKEY RRset will expire. This is to be used in cases
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein when the DNSKEY signatures need to persist longer than
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein signatures on other records; e.g., when the private component
29c818c7d40fc8898b062903ec703851328a4deaMark Andrews of the KSK is kept offline and the KSK signature is to be
29c818c7d40fc8898b062903ec703851328a4deaMark Andrews refreshed manually.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence the start time. A time relative to the current time is
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">extended end-time</code> is
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley specified, the value of <code class="option">end-time</code> is used as
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley the default. (<code class="option">end-time</code>, in turn, defaults to
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley 30 days from the start time.) <code class="option">extended end-time</code>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley must be later than <code class="option">start-time</code>.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></span></dt>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley default is to append <code class="filename">.signed</code> to
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein the input filename. If <code class="option">output-file</code> is
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein set to <code class="literal">"-"</code>, then the signed zone is
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein written to the standard output, with a default output
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley format of "full".
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein Prints version information.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dt><span class="term">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span></dt>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein When a previously-signed zone is passed as input, records
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley may be resigned. The <code class="option">interval</code> option
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence between the signature end and start times. So if neither
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence <code class="option">end-time</code> or <code class="option">start-time</code>
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence are specified, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
ee03a00244edc6c823ea11bed16437865b395d5dAndreas Gustafsson signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records
77e58a7e0194c63718b523bd4935c9ac314ad652Bob Halley are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dt><span class="term">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></span></dt>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein The format of the input zone file.
2047977ce2dfcfe3a0fa2d638c3242841310fad3Mark Andrews Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default),
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>, and <span><strong class="command">"map"</strong></span>.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley This option is primarily intended to be used for dynamic
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley signed zones so that the dumped zone file in a non-text
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein format containing updates can be signed directly.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley The use of this option does not make much sense for
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein non-dynamic zones.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dt><span class="term">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></span></dt>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein a previously-signed zone is passed as input to the signer,
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein all expired signatures have to be regenerated at about the
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein same time. The <code class="option">jitter</code> option specifies a
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein expire time, thus spreading incremental signature
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley regeneration over time.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration,
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein from all caches there will be less congestion than if all
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein validators need to refetch at mostly the same time.
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence<dt><span class="term">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>serial</code></em></span></dt>
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence When writing a signed zone to "raw" or "map" format, set the
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein "source serial" value in the header to the specified serial
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley number. (This is expected to be used primarily for testing
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>ncpus</code></em></span></dt>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley thread is started for each detected CPU.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></span></dt>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley The SOA serial number format of the signed zone.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span> (default),
77e58a7e0194c63718b523bd4935c9ac314ad652Bob Halley <span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span>,
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley and <span><strong class="command">"date"</strong></span>.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span></span></dt>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dd><p>Do not modify the SOA serial number.</p></dd>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span></span></dt>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<dd><p>Increment the SOA serial number using RFC 1982
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span></span></dt>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dd><p>Set the SOA serial number to the number of seconds
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"date"</strong></span></span></dt>
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence<dd><p>Set the SOA serial number to today's date in
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></span></dt>
77e58a7e0194c63718b523bd4935c9ac314ad652Bob Halley The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley is assumed to be the origin.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dt><span class="term">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></span></dt>
5d51e67c3b4f35c1be742574aacc1d88fe6ed444Mark Andrews The format of the output file containing the signed zone.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default),
2047977ce2dfcfe3a0fa2d638c3242841310fad3Mark Andrews which is the standard textual representation of the zone;
2047977ce2dfcfe3a0fa2d638c3242841310fad3Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">"full"</strong></span>, which is text output in a
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein format suitable for processing by external scripts;
2047977ce2dfcfe3a0fa2d638c3242841310fad3Mark Andrews and <span><strong class="command">"map"</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>,
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">"raw=N"</strong></span>, which store the zone in
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein binary formats for rapid loading by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
2047977ce2dfcfe3a0fa2d638c3242841310fad3Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">"raw=N"</strong></span> specifies the format version of
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein the raw zone file: if N is 0, the raw file can be read by
2047977ce2dfcfe3a0fa2d638c3242841310fad3Mark Andrews any version of <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>; if N is 1, the file
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley can be read by release 9.9.0 or higher; the default is 1.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein but less secure, than using real random data. This option
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein source is limited.
e672951ed28b2e9cc7a19c3d7fa4a258382f981cAutomatic Updater Disable post sign verification tests.
19d365e4448f1782611280b020987988b7ac3210Mark Andrews The post sign verification test ensures that for each algorithm
e672951ed28b2e9cc7a19c3d7fa4a258382f981cAutomatic Updater in use there is at least one non revoked self signed KSK key,
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein that all revoked KSK keys are self signed, and that all records
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein in the zone are signed by the algorithm.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein This option skips these tests.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Remove signatures from keys that are no longer active.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein Normally, when a previously-signed zone is passed as input
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein to the signer, and a DNSKEY record has been removed and
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein replaced with a new one, signatures from the old key
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein that are still within their validity period are retained.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley This allows the zone to continue to validate with cached
9916239908343b3eb17f0578de4c3cd6a313d85fMark Andrews copies of the old DNSKEY RRset. The <code class="option">-Q</code>
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence forces <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> to remove
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence signatures from keys that are no longer active. This
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein enables ZSK rollover using the procedure described in
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley RFC 4641, section 4.2.1.1 ("Pre-Publish Key Rollover").
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Remove signatures from keys that are no longer published.
8d17f549f3f418e47de3e2e54b14c18797317e23Bob Halley This option is similar to <code class="option">-Q</code>, except it
8d17f549f3f418e47de3e2e54b14c18797317e23Bob Halley forces <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> to signatures from
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley keys that are no longer published. This enables ZSK rollover
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley using the procedure described in RFC 4641, section 4.2.1.2
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein ("Double Signature Zone Signing Key Rollover").
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein system does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley is keyboard input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley the name of a character device or file containing random
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley data to be used instead of the default. The special value
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein input should be used.
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence Smart signing: Instructs <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> to
a5746c4ec14e5dbcb6a2431aa86cc86c21387e6bMark Andrews search the key repository for keys that match the zone being
a5746c4ec14e5dbcb6a2431aa86cc86c21387e6bMark Andrews signed, and to include them in the zone if appropriate.
0c8649cea98afc061dd2938fd315df53b8fc35caAndreas Gustafsson When a key is found, its timing metadata is examined to
0c8649cea98afc061dd2938fd315df53b8fc35caAndreas Gustafsson determine how it should be used, according to the following
0c8649cea98afc061dd2938fd315df53b8fc35caAndreas Gustafsson rules. Each successive rule takes priority over the prior
0c8649cea98afc061dd2938fd315df53b8fc35caAndreas Gustafsson If no timing metadata has been set for the key, the key is
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence published in the zone and used to sign the zone.
0c8649cea98afc061dd2938fd315df53b8fc35caAndreas Gustafsson If the key's publication date is set and is in the past, the
0c8649cea98afc061dd2938fd315df53b8fc35caAndreas Gustafsson key is published in the zone.
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence If the key's activation date is set and in the past, the
0c8649cea98afc061dd2938fd315df53b8fc35caAndreas Gustafsson key is published (regardless of publication date) and
0c8649cea98afc061dd2938fd315df53b8fc35caAndreas Gustafsson used to sign the zone.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein If the key's revocation date is set and in the past, and the
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley key is published, then the key is revoked, and the revoked key
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley is used to sign the zone.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley If either of the key's unpublication or deletion dates are set
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley and in the past, the key is NOT published or used to sign the
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein zone, regardless of any other metadata.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span></dt>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein Specifies a TTL to be used for new DNSKEY records imported
0103f42343be18b697169f73f9f3caa81c19e32fMark Andrews into the zone from the key repository. If not
0103f42343be18b697169f73f9f3caa81c19e32fMark Andrews specified, the default is the TTL value from the zone's SOA
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein record. This option is ignored when signing without
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <code class="option">-S</code>, since DNSKEY records are not imported
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein from the key repository in that case. It is also ignored if
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley there are any pre-existing DNSKEY records at the zone apex,
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein in which case new records' TTL values will be set to match
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley them, or if any of the imported DNSKEY records had a default
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley TTL value. In the event of a a conflict between TTL values in
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein imported keys, the shortest one is used.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Print statistics at completion.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Update NSEC/NSEC3 chain when re-signing a previously signed
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence zone. With this option, a zone signed with NSEC can be
efd55ce62e58f74f8524a512c5874d4e3fa79645Mark Andrews switched to NSEC3, or a zone signed with NSEC3 can
efd55ce62e58f74f8524a512c5874d4e3fa79645Mark Andrews be switch to NSEC or to NSEC3 with different parameters.
efd55ce62e58f74f8524a512c5874d4e3fa79645Mark Andrews Without this option, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> will
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley retain the existing chain when re-signing.
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley<dt><span class="term">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley Sets the debugging level.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein Only sign the DNSKEY RRset with key-signing keys, and omit
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein signatures from zone-signing keys. (This is similar to the
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley <span><strong class="command">dnssec-dnskey-kskonly yes;</strong></span> zone option in
c6dcc4cc989a7aae39ce7263c1d3e1d5758fb91bBob Halley <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.)
94a3bcd132e515b4baa0884ba9dd0f361d2e17bcMark Andrews Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign. This
94a3bcd132e515b4baa0884ba9dd0f361d2e17bcMark Andrews causes KSK-flagged keys to sign all records, not just the
94a3bcd132e515b4baa0884ba9dd0f361d2e17bcMark Andrews DNSKEY RRset. (This is similar to the
94a3bcd132e515b4baa0884ba9dd0f361d2e17bcMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk no;</strong></span> zone option in
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.)
94a3bcd132e515b4baa0884ba9dd0f361d2e17bcMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></span></dt>
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence Generate an NSEC3 chain with the given hex encoded salt.
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence A dash (<em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em>) can
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein be used to indicate that no salt is to be used when generating the NSEC3 chain.
5cc89b11fa2c1dd1933e2adb680ed766cd45fd7eAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></span></dt>
5cc89b11fa2c1dd1933e2adb680ed766cd45fd7eAndreas Gustafsson When generating an NSEC3 chain, use this many iterations. The
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence default is 10.
3bb3b7ac462a90c2b8b1fb783324d800e2ba748cMichael Graff When generating an NSEC3 chain set the OPTOUT flag on all
3bb3b7ac462a90c2b8b1fb783324d800e2ba748cMichael Graff NSEC3 records and do not generate NSEC3 records for insecure
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein delegations.
3bb3b7ac462a90c2b8b1fb783324d800e2ba748cMichael Graff Using this option twice (i.e., <code class="option">-AA</code>)
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence turns the OPTOUT flag off for all records. This is useful
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence when using the <code class="option">-u</code> option to modify an NSEC3
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein chain which previously had OPTOUT set.
07c94c0716031c6815c7fd86753bfd20689e98f8Andreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">zonefile</span></dt>
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence The file containing the zone to be signed.
b469f0321d2bcea3914c57d26fd43319e506c313Andreas Gustafsson Specify which keys should be used to sign the zone. If
b469f0321d2bcea3914c57d26fd43319e506c313Andreas Gustafsson no keys are specified, then the zone will be examined
b469f0321d2bcea3914c57d26fd43319e506c313Andreas Gustafsson for DNSKEY records at the zone apex. If these are found and
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein there are matching private keys, in the current directory,
b469f0321d2bcea3914c57d26fd43319e506c313Andreas Gustafsson then these will be used for signing.
b469f0321d2bcea3914c57d26fd43319e506c313Andreas Gustafsson The following command signs the <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>
b469f0321d2bcea3914c57d26fd43319e506c313Andreas Gustafsson zone with the DSA key generated by <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
b469f0321d2bcea3914c57d26fd43319e506c313Andreas Gustafsson (Kexample.com.+003+17247). Because the <span><strong class="command">-S</strong></span> option
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein is not being used, the zone's keys must be in the master file
b469f0321d2bcea3914c57d26fd43319e506c313Andreas Gustafsson (<code class="filename">db.example.com</code>). This invocation looks
b469f0321d2bcea3914c57d26fd43319e506c313Andreas Gustafsson for <code class="filename">dsset</code> files, in the current directory,
b469f0321d2bcea3914c57d26fd43319e506c313Andreas Gustafsson so that DS records can be imported from them (<span><strong class="command">-g</strong></span>).
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence<pre class="programlisting">% dnssec-signzone -g -o example.com db.example.com \
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein In the above example, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> creates
014892d86d30b7eceb0003d51788f9b5cadfc1bfAndreas Gustafsson the file <code class="filename">db.example.com.signed</code>. This
014892d86d30b7eceb0003d51788f9b5cadfc1bfAndreas Gustafsson file should be referenced in a zone statement in a
014892d86d30b7eceb0003d51788f9b5cadfc1bfAndreas Gustafsson <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file.
d981ca645597116d227a48bf37cc5edc061c854dBob Halley This example re-signs a previously signed zone with default parameters.
d981ca645597116d227a48bf37cc5edc061c854dBob Halley The private keys are assumed to be in the current directory.
d981ca645597116d227a48bf37cc5edc061c854dBob Halley<pre class="programlisting">% cp db.example.com.signed db.example.com
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
d981ca645597116d227a48bf37cc5edc061c854dBob Halley <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
d981ca645597116d227a48bf37cc5edc061c854dBob Halley <em class="citetitle">RFC 4033</em>, <em class="citetitle">RFC 4641</em>.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
d981ca645597116d227a48bf37cc5edc061c854dBob Halley<a accesskey="p" href="man.dnssec-settime.html">Prev</a>�</td>
3ddd814a97de1d152ba0913c592d6e6dc83d38a6Michael Graff<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html">Up</a></td>
0513f89e68f82f9ec54e7af9c979a7c43babbe31Bob Halley<td width="40%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="man.dnssec-verify.html">Next</a>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<span class="application">dnssec-settime</span>�</td>
0513f89e68f82f9ec54e7af9c979a7c43babbe31Bob Halley<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td>
0513f89e68f82f9ec54e7af9c979a7c43babbe31Bob Halley<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�<span class="application">dnssec-verify</span>
0513f89e68f82f9ec54e7af9c979a7c43babbe31Bob Halley<p style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.11.0pre-alpha</p>