man.dnssec-signzone.html revision 06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeeb
69fe9aaafdd6a141610e86a777d325db75422070Mark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
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7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson<a name="man.dnssec-signzone"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
18d0b5e54be891a1aa938c165b6d439859121ec8Mark Andrews<p><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span> — DNSSEC zone signing tool</p>
18d0b5e54be891a1aa938c165b6d439859121ec8Mark Andrews<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-signzone</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D</code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-R</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-S</code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t</code>] [<code class="option">-u</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>extended end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] [<code class="option">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-A</code>] {zonefile} [key...]</p></div>
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson<a name="id2617810"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson signs a zone. It generates
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence determined by the presence or absence of a
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson <code class="filename">keyset</code> file for each child zone.
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson Verify all generated signatures.
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson Specifies the DNS class of the zone.
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson Compatibility mode: Generate a
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence <code class="filename">keyset-<em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></code>
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson file in addition to
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson <code class="filename">dsset-<em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></code>
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson when signing a zone, for use by older versions of
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson Look for <code class="filename">dsset-</code> or
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson <code class="filename">keyset-</code> files in <code class="option">directory</code>.
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson Output only those record types automatically managed by
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>, i.e. RRSIG, NSEC,
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson NSEC3 and NSEC3PARAM records. If smart signing
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson (<code class="option">-S</code>) is used, DNSKEY records are also
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson included. The resulting file can be included in the original
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson zone file with <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>. This option
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson cannot be combined with <code class="option">-O raw</code> or serial
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson number updating.
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></span></dt>
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson Uses a crypto hardware (OpenSSL engine) for the crypto operations
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson it supports, for instance signing with private keys from
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence a secure key store. When compiled with PKCS#11 support
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson it defaults to pkcs11; the empty name resets it to no engine.
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence Generate DS records for child zones from
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson <code class="filename">dsset-</code> or <code class="filename">keyset-</code>
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson file. Existing DS records will be removed.
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson Key repository: Specify a directory to search for DNSSEC keys.
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson If not specified, defaults to the current directory.
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span></dt>
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></span></dt>
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson The domain is appended to the name of the records.
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></span></dt>
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number
fd0bc40a2580299d20ae212d89bda13862d78b3aAndreas Gustafsson in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson If no <code class="option">start-time</code> is specified, the current
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></span></dt>
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
d8d0c5b1bc97ac0f07e35a31b58ced80ce613c55David Lawrence expire. As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
8bb77cd31b7518fb5d2a6a9d75e16e4abd59df61Andreas Gustafsson the start time. A time relative to the current time is
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">end-time</code> is
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.
ba7ea2326d98edb4296098749fc9cf44b5157643David Lawrence <code class="option">end-time</code> must be later than
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>extended end-time</code></em></span></dt>
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson for the DNSKEY RRset will expire. This is to be used in cases
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson when the DNSKEY signatures need to persist longer than
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson signatures on other records; e.g., when the private component
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson of the KSK is kept offline and the KSK signature is to be
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews refreshed manually.
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews the start time. A time relative to the current time is
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">extended end-time</code> is
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews specified, the value of <code class="option">end-time</code> is used as
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews the default. (<code class="option">end-time</code>, in turn, defaults to
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews 30 days from the start time.) <code class="option">extended end-time</code>
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews must be later than <code class="option">start-time</code>.
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></span></dt>
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews default is to append <code class="filename">.signed</code> to
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews input filename.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span></dt>
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson When a previously-signed zone is passed as input, records
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson may be resigned. The <code class="option">interval</code> option
6eccf5bd07eb9abf65cc08fec4a8fc97b62c0e1bBrian Wellington specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current
6eccf5bd07eb9abf65cc08fec4a8fc97b62c0e1bBrian Wellington time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference
6eccf5bd07eb9abf65cc08fec4a8fc97b62c0e1bBrian Wellington between the signature end and start times. So if neither
6eccf5bd07eb9abf65cc08fec4a8fc97b62c0e1bBrian Wellington <code class="option">end-time</code> or <code class="option">start-time</code>
6eccf5bd07eb9abf65cc08fec4a8fc97b62c0e1bBrian Wellington are specified, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
6eccf5bd07eb9abf65cc08fec4a8fc97b62c0e1bBrian Wellington signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle
6eccf5bd07eb9abf65cc08fec4a8fc97b62c0e1bBrian Wellington interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records
6eccf5bd07eb9abf65cc08fec4a8fc97b62c0e1bBrian Wellington are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be
6eccf5bd07eb9abf65cc08fec4a8fc97b62c0e1bBrian Wellington<dt><span class="term">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></span></dt>
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson The format of the input zone file.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default)
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson and <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson This option is primarily intended to be used for dynamic
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson signed zones so that the dumped zone file in a non-text
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson format containing updates can be signed directly.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson The use of this option does not make much sense for
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson non-dynamic zones.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></span></dt>
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson a previously-signed zone is passed as input to the signer,
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson all expired signatures have to be regenerated at about the
ba7ea2326d98edb4296098749fc9cf44b5157643David Lawrence same time. The <code class="option">jitter</code> option specifies a
ba7ea2326d98edb4296098749fc9cf44b5157643David Lawrence jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson expire time, thus spreading incremental signature
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson regeneration over time.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration,
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson from all caches there will be less congestion than if all
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson validators need to refetch at mostly the same time.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>ncpus</code></em></span></dt>
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson thread is started for each detected CPU.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></span></dt>
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson The SOA serial number format of the signed zone.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span> (default),
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span> and
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span>.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span></span></dt>
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson<dd><p>Do not modify the SOA serial number.</p></dd>
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span></span></dt>
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson<dd><p>Increment the SOA serial number using RFC 1982
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span></span></dt>
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson<dd><p>Set the SOA serial number to the number of seconds
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></span></dt>
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson is assumed to be the origin.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></span></dt>
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson The format of the output file containing the signed zone.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default)
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson and <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>.
febaa091847ab004f40500cc475a819f2c73fcddAndreas Gustafsson Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson but less secure, than using real random data. This option
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson source is limited.
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson Disable post sign verification tests.
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson The post sign verification test ensures that for each algorithm
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson in use there is at least one non revoked self signed KSK key,
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson that all revoked KSK keys are self signed, and that all records
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson in the zone are signed by the algorithm.
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson This option skips these tests.
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson Remove signatures from keys that no longer exist.
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson Normally, when a previously-signed zone is passed as input
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson to the signer, and a DNSKEY record has been removed and
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson replaced with a new one, signatures from the old key
ea419adc4eca4c3e44f2c282035b5dce6b795fe2Andreas Gustafsson that are still within their validity period are retained.
ea419adc4eca4c3e44f2c282035b5dce6b795fe2Andreas Gustafsson This allows the zone to continue to validate with cached
aa23a35d81a9618a40c4a9b44be48009553e4777Andreas Gustafsson copies of the old DNSKEY RRset. The <code class="option">-R</code> forces
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> to remove all orphaned
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
aa23a35d81a9618a40c4a9b44be48009553e4777Andreas Gustafsson system does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code>
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
aa23a35d81a9618a40c4a9b44be48009553e4777Andreas Gustafsson is keyboard input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code>
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson the name of a character device or file containing random
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson data to be used instead of the default. The special value
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson <code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson input should be used.
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson Smart signing: Instructs <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> to
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson search the key repository for keys that match the zone being
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson signed, and to include them in the zone if appropriate.
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews When a key is found, its timing metadata is examined to
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews determine how it should be used, according to the following
aa39170da817cae7b4c6c735cc832e05ec3d2351Mark Andrews rules. Each successive rule takes priority over the prior
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson If no timing metadata has been set for the key, the key is
7693d4de8fca501dfe6989a7f30d8d3c86fe096aAndreas Gustafsson published in the zone and used to sign the zone.
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson If the key's publication date is set and is in the past, the
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson key is published in the zone.
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson If the key's activation date is set and in the past, the
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson key is published (regardless of publication date) and
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson used to sign the zone.
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson If the key's revocation date is set and in the past, and the
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson key is published, then the key is revoked, and the revoked key
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson is used to sign the zone.
6017f424ee3c02d7f22132c77576ea38542fa949Andreas Gustafsson If either of the key's unpublication or deletion dates are set
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson and in the past, the key is NOT published or used to sign the
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson zone, regardless of any other metadata.
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span></dt>
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson Specifies a TTL to be used for new DNSKEY records imported
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson into the zone from the key repository. If not
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson specified, the default is the TTL value from the zone's SOA
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson record. This option is ignored when signing without
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson <code class="option">-S</code>, since DNSKEY records are not imported
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson from the key repository in that case. It is also ignored if
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson there are any pre-existing DNSKEY records at the zone apex,
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson in which case new records' TTL values will be set to match
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson them, or if any of the imported DNSKEY records had a default
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson TTL value. In the event of a a conflict between TTL values in
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson imported keys, the shortest one is used.
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson Print statistics at completion.
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson Update NSEC/NSEC3 chain when re-signing a previously signed
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson zone. With this option, a zone signed with NSEC can be
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson switched to NSEC3, or a zone signed with NSEC3 can
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson be switch to NSEC or to NSEC3 with different parameters.
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson Without this option, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> will
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson retain the existing chain when re-signing.
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson Sets the debugging level.
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson Only sign the DNSKEY RRset with key-signing keys, and omit
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson signatures from zone-signing keys. (This is similar to the
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dnssec-dnskey-kskonly yes;</strong></span> zone option in
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.)
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign. This
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson causes KSK-flagged keys to sign all records, not just the
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson DNSKEY RRset. (This is similar to the
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk no;</strong></span> zone option in
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.)
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></span></dt>
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson Generate an NSEC3 chain with the given hex encoded salt.
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson A dash (<em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em>) can
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson be used to indicate that no salt is to be used when generating the NSEC3 chain.
9c566a852f31c3a5d0b9d6eaf11463114339c01dAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></span></dt>
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson When generating an NSEC3 chain, use this many interations. The
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence default is 10.
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson When generating an NSEC3 chain set the OPTOUT flag on all
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson NSEC3 records and do not generate NSEC3 records for insecure
6eccf5bd07eb9abf65cc08fec4a8fc97b62c0e1bBrian Wellington Using this option twice (i.e., <code class="option">-AA</code>)
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson turns the OPTOUT flag off for all records. This is useful
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson when using the <code class="option">-u</code> option to modify an NSEC3
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson chain which previously had OPTOUT set.
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">zonefile</span></dt>
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson The file containing the zone to be signed.
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson Specify which keys should be used to sign the zone. If
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson no keys are specified, then the zone will be examined
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson for DNSKEY records at the zone apex. If these are found and
6eccf5bd07eb9abf65cc08fec4a8fc97b62c0e1bBrian Wellington there are matching private keys, in the current directory,
a1747570262ed336c213aaf6bd31bc91993a46deAndreas Gustafsson then these will be used for signing.
Kexample.com.+003+17247