man.dnssec-signzone.html revision 990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78
0b062f4990db5cc6db2fe3398926f71b92a67407Brian Wellington<!--
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - Copyright (C) 2004-2014 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein -
0b062f4990db5cc6db2fe3398926f71b92a67407Brian Wellington - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
0b062f4990db5cc6db2fe3398926f71b92a67407Brian Wellington - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
0b062f4990db5cc6db2fe3398926f71b92a67407Brian Wellington - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein -
8a66318e41ed14c5a88130e8c362610e8faa2121Mark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
8a66318e41ed14c5a88130e8c362610e8faa2121Mark Andrews - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
8a66318e41ed14c5a88130e8c362610e8faa2121Mark Andrews - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
8a66318e41ed14c5a88130e8c362610e8faa2121Mark Andrews - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
8a66318e41ed14c5a88130e8c362610e8faa2121Mark Andrews - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
8a66318e41ed14c5a88130e8c362610e8faa2121Mark Andrews - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
0b062f4990db5cc6db2fe3398926f71b92a67407Brian Wellington-->
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews<!-- $Id$ -->
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<html>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<head>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<title>dnssec-signzone</title>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="start" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html" title="Manual pages">
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews<link rel="prev" href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="next" href="man.dnssec-verify.html" title="dnssec-verify">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</head>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="navheader">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<tr><th colspan="3" align="center"><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span></th></tr>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<tr>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<td width="20%" align="left">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a accesskey="p" href="man.dnssec-settime.html">Prev</a>�</td>
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews<th width="60%" align="center">Manual pages</th>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="man.dnssec-verify.html">Next</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</td>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</tr>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</table>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<hr>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="refentry" lang="en">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="man.dnssec-signzone"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="refnamediv">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<h2>Name</h2>
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews<p><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span> &#8212; DNSSEC zone signing tool</p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<h2>Synopsis</h2>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-signzone</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D</code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>serial</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-R</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-S</code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t</code>] [<code class="option">-u</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>extended end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] [<code class="option">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-A</code>] {zonefile} [key...]</p></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2635120"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein signs a zone. It generates
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determined by the presence or absence of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">keyset</code> file for each child zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2635139"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="variablelist"><dl>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-a</span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Verify all generated signatures.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the DNS class of the zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-C</span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Compatibility mode: Generate a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">keyset-<em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file in addition to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">dsset-<em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when signing a zone, for use by older versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Look for <code class="filename">dsset-</code> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">keyset-</code> files in <code class="option">directory</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-D</span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Output only those record types automatically managed by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>, i.e. RRSIG, NSEC,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NSEC3 and NSEC3PARAM records. If smart signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<code class="option">-S</code>) is used, DNSKEY records are also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein included. The resulting file can be included in the original
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone file with <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>. This option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot be combined with <code class="option">-O raw</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">-O map</code>, or serial number updating.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Uses a crypto hardware (OpenSSL engine) for the crypto operations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it supports, for instance signing with private keys from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a secure key store. When compiled with PKCS#11 support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it defaults to pkcs11; the empty name resets it to no engine.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Generate DS records for child zones from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">dsset-</code> or <code class="filename">keyset-</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. Existing DS records will be removed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Key repository: Specify a directory to search for DNSSEC keys.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, defaults to the current directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The domain is appended to the name of the records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <code class="option">start-time</code> is specified, the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire. As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the start time. A time relative to the current time is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">end-time</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">end-time</code> must be later than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">start-time</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>extended end-time</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the DNSKEY RRset will expire. This is to be used in cases
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the DNSKEY signatures need to persist longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein signatures on other records; e.g., when the private component
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the KSK is kept offline and the KSK signature is to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein refreshed manually.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the start time. A time relative to the current time is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">extended end-time</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, the value of <code class="option">end-time</code> is used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default. (<code class="option">end-time</code>, in turn, defaults to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 30 days from the start time.) <code class="option">extended end-time</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be later than <code class="option">start-time</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default is to append <code class="filename">.signed</code> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the input filename. If <code class="option">output-file</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to <code class="literal">"-"</code>, then the signed zone is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein written to the standard output, with a default output
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein format of "full".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a previously-signed zone is passed as input, records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be resigned. The <code class="option">interval</code> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein between the signature end and start times. So if neither
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">end-time</code> or <code class="option">start-time</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are specified, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generates
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replaced.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews</dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The format of the input zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>, and <span><strong class="command">"map"</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is primarily intended to be used for dynamic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein signed zones so that the dumped zone file in a non-text
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein format containing updates can be signed directly.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The use of this option does not make much sense for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-dynamic zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a previously-signed zone is passed as input to the signer,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all expired signatures have to be regenerated at about the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein same time. The <code class="option">jitter</code> option specifies a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire time, thus spreading incremental signature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regeneration over time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from all caches there will be less congestion than if all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein validators need to refetch at mostly the same time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</dd>
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>serial</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When writing a signed zone to "raw" or "map" format, set the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "source serial" value in the header to the specified serial
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number. (This is expected to be used primarily for testing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein purposes.)
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>ncpus</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one
thread is started for each detected CPU.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The SOA serial number format of the signed zone.
Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span> (default),
<span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span> and
<span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span>.
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span></span></dt>
<dd><p>Do not modify the SOA serial number.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span></span></dt>
<dd><p>Increment the SOA serial number using RFC 1982
arithmetics.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span></span></dt>
<dd><p>Set the SOA serial number to the number of seconds
since epoch.</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file
is assumed to be the origin.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
The format of the output file containing the signed zone.
Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default),
which is the standard textual representation of the zone;
<span><strong class="command">"full"</strong></span>, which is text output in a
format suitable for processing by external scripts;
and <span><strong class="command">"map"</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>,
and <span><strong class="command">"raw=N"</strong></span>, which store the zone in
binary formats for rapid loading by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
<span><strong class="command">"raw=N"</strong></span> specifies the format version of
the raw zone file: if N is 0, the raw file can be read by
any version of <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>; if N is 1, the file
can be read by release 9.9.0 or higher; the default is 1.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-p</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,
but less secure, than using real random data. This option
may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy
source is limited.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-P</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Disable post sign verification tests.
</p>
<p>
The post sign verification test ensures that for each algorithm
in use there is at least one non revoked self signed KSK key,
that all revoked KSK keys are self signed, and that all records
in the zone are signed by the algorithm.
This option skips these tests.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-Q</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Remove signatures from keys that are no longer active.
</p>
<p>
Normally, when a previously-signed zone is passed as input
to the signer, and a DNSKEY record has been removed and
replaced with a new one, signatures from the old key
that are still within their validity period are retained.
This allows the zone to continue to validate with cached
copies of the old DNSKEY RRset. The <code class="option">-Q</code>
forces <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> to remove
signatures from keys that are no longer active. This
enables ZSK rollover using the procedure described in
RFC 4641, section 4.2.1.1 ("Pre-Publish Key Rollover").
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-R</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Remove signatures from keys that are no longer published.
</p>
<p>
This option is similar to <code class="option">-Q</code>, except it
forces <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> to signatures from
keys that are no longer published. This enables ZSK rollover
using the procedure described in RFC 4641, section 4.2.1.2
("Double Signature Zone Signing Key Rollover").
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
system does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code>
or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
is keyboard input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code>
specifies
the name of a character device or file containing random
data to be used instead of the default. The special value
<code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard
input should be used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-S</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Smart signing: Instructs <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> to
search the key repository for keys that match the zone being
signed, and to include them in the zone if appropriate.
</p>
<p>
When a key is found, its timing metadata is examined to
determine how it should be used, according to the following
rules. Each successive rule takes priority over the prior
ones:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If no timing metadata has been set for the key, the key is
published in the zone and used to sign the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If the key's publication date is set and is in the past, the
key is published in the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If the key's activation date is set and in the past, the
key is published (regardless of publication date) and
used to sign the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If the key's revocation date is set and in the past, and the
key is published, then the key is revoked, and the revoked key
is used to sign the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If either of the key's unpublication or deletion dates are set
and in the past, the key is NOT published or used to sign the
zone, regardless of any other metadata.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies a TTL to be used for new DNSKEY records imported
into the zone from the key repository. If not
specified, the default is the TTL value from the zone's SOA
record. This option is ignored when signing without
<code class="option">-S</code>, since DNSKEY records are not imported
from the key repository in that case. It is also ignored if
there are any pre-existing DNSKEY records at the zone apex,
in which case new records' TTL values will be set to match
them, or if any of the imported DNSKEY records had a default
TTL value. In the event of a a conflict between TTL values in
imported keys, the shortest one is used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-t</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print statistics at completion.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-u</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Update NSEC/NSEC3 chain when re-signing a previously signed
zone. With this option, a zone signed with NSEC can be
switched to NSEC3, or a zone signed with NSEC3 can
be switch to NSEC or to NSEC3 with different parameters.
Without this option, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> will
retain the existing chain when re-signing.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the debugging level.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-x</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Only sign the DNSKEY RRset with key-signing keys, and omit
signatures from zone-signing keys. (This is similar to the
<span><strong class="command">dnssec-dnskey-kskonly yes;</strong></span> zone option in
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.)
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-z</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign. This
causes KSK-flagged keys to sign all records, not just the
DNSKEY RRset. (This is similar to the
<span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk no;</strong></span> zone option in
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.)
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Generate an NSEC3 chain with the given hex encoded salt.
A dash (<em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em>) can
be used to indicate that no salt is to be used when generating the NSEC3 chain.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When generating an NSEC3 chain, use this many iterations. The
default is 10.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-A</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
When generating an NSEC3 chain set the OPTOUT flag on all
NSEC3 records and do not generate NSEC3 records for insecure
delegations.
</p>
<p>
Using this option twice (i.e., <code class="option">-AA</code>)
turns the OPTOUT flag off for all records. This is useful
when using the <code class="option">-u</code> option to modify an NSEC3
chain which previously had OPTOUT set.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">zonefile</span></dt>
<dd><p>
The file containing the zone to be signed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">key</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify which keys should be used to sign the zone. If
no keys are specified, then the zone will be examined
for DNSKEY records at the zone apex. If these are found and
there are matching private keys, in the current directory,
then these will be used for signing.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2673062"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
<p>
The following command signs the <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>
zone with the DSA key generated by <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
(Kexample.com.+003+17247). Because the <span><strong class="command">-S</strong></span> option
is not being used, the zone's keys must be in the master file
(<code class="filename">db.example.com</code>). This invocation looks
for <code class="filename">dsset</code> files, in the current directory,
so that DS records can be imported from them (<span><strong class="command">-g</strong></span>).
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">% dnssec-signzone -g -o example.com db.example.com \
Kexample.com.+003+17247
db.example.com.signed
%</pre>
<p>
In the above example, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> creates
the file <code class="filename">db.example.com.signed</code>. This
file should be referenced in a zone statement in a
<code class="filename">named.conf</code> file.
</p>
<p>
This example re-signs a previously signed zone with default parameters.
The private keys are assumed to be in the current directory.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">% cp db.example.com.signed db.example.com
% dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com
db.example.com.signed
%</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2673209"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 4033</em>, <em class="citetitle">RFC 4641</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2673237"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr>
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left">
<a accesskey="p" href="man.dnssec-settime.html">Prev</a>�</td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">Up</a></td>
<td width="40%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="man.dnssec-verify.html">Next</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">
<span class="application">dnssec-settime</span>�</td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�<span class="application">dnssec-verify</span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>