man.dnssec-signzone.html revision 66fec05962ae85e63c4aa568d44a962db5bbc902
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<!--
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
9210d8796eaf4125ac58c034f9b5ca167857a55aAutomatic Updater - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
9210d8796eaf4125ac58c034f9b5ca167857a55aAutomatic Updater -
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
9210d8796eaf4125ac58c034f9b5ca167857a55aAutomatic Updater -
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
9210d8796eaf4125ac58c034f9b5ca167857a55aAutomatic Updater - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt-->
ea94d370123a5892f6c47a97f21d1b28d44bb168Tinderbox User<!-- $Id: man.dnssec-signzone.html,v 1.132 2009/09/30 01:14:47 tbox Exp $ -->
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<html>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<head>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<title>dnssec-signzone</title>
9b469e3c59015b1a4899c9d8395168126fe094fdAutomatic Updater<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1">
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<link rel="start" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html" title="Manual pages">
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<link rel="prev" href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime">
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater<link rel="next" href="man.named-checkconf.html" title="named-checkconf">
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt</head>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<div class="navheader">
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<tr><th colspan="3" align="center"><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span></th></tr>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<tr>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<td width="20%" align="left">
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<a accesskey="p" href="man.dnssec-settime.html">Prev</a>�</td>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<th width="60%" align="center">Manual pages</th>
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater<td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="man.named-checkconf.html">Next</a>
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater</td>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt</tr>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt</table>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<hr>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt</div>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<div class="refentry" lang="en">
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<a name="man.dnssec-signzone"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<div class="refnamediv">
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<h2>Name</h2>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<p><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span> &#8212; DNSSEC zone signing tool</p>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt</div>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<h2>Synopsis</h2>
d2ebd5d5fba00a44ca49462c6cd4390e9876a137Automatic Updater<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-signzone</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-S</code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t</code>] [<code class="option">-u</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] [<code class="option">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-A</code>] {zonefile} [key...]</p></div>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt</div>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User<a name="id2611082"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt signs a zone. It generates
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt determined by the presence or absence of a
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt <code class="filename">keyset</code> file for each child zone.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt </p>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt</div>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<a name="id2611101"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<div class="variablelist"><dl>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-a</span></dt>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dd><p>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt Verify all generated signatures.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt </p></dd>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dd><p>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt Specifies the DNS class of the zone.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt </p></dd>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-C</span></dt>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dd><p>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt Compatibility mode: Generate a
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt <code class="filename">keyset-<em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></code>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt file in addition to
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt <code class="filename">dsset-<em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></code>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User when signing a zone, for use by older versions of
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt </p></dd>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dd><p>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt Look for <code class="filename">dsset-</code> or
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt <code class="filename">keyset-</code> files in <code class="option">directory</code>.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt </p></dd>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dd><p>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt Generate DS records for child zones from
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt <code class="filename">dsset-</code> or <code class="filename">keyset-</code>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt file. Existing DS records will be removed.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt </p></dd>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dd><p>
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater Key repository: Specify a directory to search for DNSSEC keys.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater If not specified, defaults to the current directory.
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater </p></dd>
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span></dt>
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater<dd><p>
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt </p></dd>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></span></dt>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dd><p>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt The domain is appended to the name of the records.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt </p></dd>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></span></dt>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dd><p>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt If no <code class="option">start-time</code> is specified, the current
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt </p></dd>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></span></dt>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dd><p>
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt expire. As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater the start time. A time relative to the current time is
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">end-time</code> is
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <code class="option">end-time</code> must be later than
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <code class="option">start-time</code>.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater </p></dd>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></span></dt>
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater<dd><p>
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater default is to append <code class="filename">.signed</code> to
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater the
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater input filename.
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater </p></dd>
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt>
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater<dd><p>
7ae7246a6339bb3a79ffc9f2f9c486de9a2bf65eAutomatic Updater Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt </p></dd>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span></dt>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dd>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<p>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User When a previously-signed zone is passed as input, records
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt may be resigned. The <code class="option">interval</code> option
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt </p>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<p>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt between the signature end and start times. So if neither
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt <code class="option">end-time</code> or <code class="option">start-time</code>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt are specified, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt generates
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt replaced.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt </p>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt</dd>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></span></dt>
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater<dd><p>
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater The format of the input zone file.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default)
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt and <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt This option is primarily intended to be used for dynamic
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt signed zones so that the dumped zone file in a non-text
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt format containing updates can be signed directly.
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater The use of this option does not make much sense for
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater non-dynamic zones.
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt </p></dd>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></span></dt>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<dd>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt<p>
76786c2904942b708d8a7a4659df74da5dc9446eEvan Hunt When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all
RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires
simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e.
a previously-signed zone is passed as input to the signer,
all expired signatures have to be regenerated at about the
same time. The <code class="option">jitter</code> option specifies a
jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature
expire time, thus spreading incremental signature
regeneration over time.
</p>
<p>
Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits
validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration,
i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time
from all caches there will be less congestion than if all
validators need to refetch at mostly the same time.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>ncpus</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one
thread is started for each detected CPU.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The SOA serial number format of the signed zone.
Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span> (default),
<span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span> and
<span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span>.
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span></span></dt>
<dd><p>Do not modify the SOA serial number.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span></span></dt>
<dd><p>Increment the SOA serial number using RFC 1982
arithmetics.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span></span></dt>
<dd><p>Set the SOA serial number to the number of seconds
since epoch.</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file
is assumed to be the origin.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
The format of the output file containing the signed zone.
Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default)
and <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-p</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,
but less secure, than using real random data. This option
may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy
source is limited.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-P</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Disable post sign verification tests.
</p>
<p>
The post sign verification test ensures that for each algorithm
in use there is at least one non revoked self signed KSK key,
that all revoked KSK keys are self signed, and that all records
in the zone are signed by the algorithm.
This option skips these tests.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
system does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code>
or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
is keyboard input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code>
specifies
the name of a character device or file containing random
data to be used instead of the default. The special value
<code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard
input should be used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-S</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Smart signing: Instructs <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> to
search the key repository for keys that match the zone being
signed, and to include them in the zone if appropriate.
</p>
<p>
When a key is found, its timing metadata is examined to
determine how it should be used, according to the following
rules. Each successive rule takes priority over the prior
ones:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If no timing metadata has been set for the key, the key is
published in the zone and used to sign the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If the key's publication date is set and is in the past, the
key is published in the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If the key's activation date is set and in the past, the
key is published (regardless of publication date) and
used to sign the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If the key's revocation date is set and in the past, and the
key is published, then the key is revoked, and the revoked key
is used to sign the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If either of the key's unpublication or deletion dates are set
and in the past, the key is NOT published or used to sign the
zone, regardless of any other metadata.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies the TTL to be used for new DNSKEY records imported
into the zone from the key repository. If not specified,
the default is the minimum TTL value from the zone's SOA
record. This option is ignored when signing without
<code class="option">-S</code>, since DNSKEY records are not imported
from the key repository in that case. It is also ignored if
there are any pre-existing DNSKEY records at the zone apex,
in which case new records' TTL values will be set to match
them.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-t</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print statistics at completion.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-u</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Update NSEC/NSEC3 chain when re-signing a previously signed
zone. With this option, a zone signed with NSEC can be
switched to NSEC3, or a zone signed with NSEC3 can
be switch to NSEC or to NSEC3 with different parameters.
Without this option, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> will
retain the existing chain when re-signing.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the debugging level.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-z</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Generate an NSEC3 chain with the given hex encoded salt.
A dash (<em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em>) can
be used to indicate that no salt is to be used when generating the NSEC3 chain.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When generating an NSEC3 chain, use this many interations. The
default is 10.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-A</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
When generating an NSEC3 chain set the OPTOUT flag on all
NSEC3 records and do not generate NSEC3 records for insecure
delegations.
</p>
<p>
Using this option twice (i.e., <code class="option">-AA</code>)
turns the OPTOUT flag off for all records. This is useful
when using the <code class="option">-u</code> option to modify an NSEC3
chain which previously had OPTOUT set.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">zonefile</span></dt>
<dd><p>
The file containing the zone to be signed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">key</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify which keys should be used to sign the zone. If
no keys are specified, then the zone will be examined
for DNSKEY records at the zone apex. If these are found and
there are matching private keys, in the current directory,
then these will be used for signing.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2660934"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
<p>
The following command signs the <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>
zone with the DSA key generated by <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
(Kexample.com.+003+17247). The zone's keys must be in the master
file (<code class="filename">db.example.com</code>). This invocation looks
for <code class="filename">keyset</code> files, in the current directory,
so that DS records can be generated from them (<span><strong class="command">-g</strong></span>).
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">% dnssec-signzone -g -o example.com db.example.com \
Kexample.com.+003+17247
db.example.com.signed
%</pre>
<p>
In the above example, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> creates
the file <code class="filename">db.example.com.signed</code>. This
file should be referenced in a zone statement in a
<code class="filename">named.conf</code> file.
</p>
<p>
This example re-signs a previously signed zone with default parameters.
The private keys are assumed to be in the current directory.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">% cp db.example.com.signed db.example.com
% dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com
db.example.com.signed
%</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2661006"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 4033</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2661031"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr>
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left">
<a accesskey="p" href="man.dnssec-settime.html">Prev</a>�</td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">Up</a></td>
<td width="40%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="man.named-checkconf.html">Next</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">
<span class="application">dnssec-settime</span>�</td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�<span class="application">named-checkconf</span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>