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1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater - Copyright (C) 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
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5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span> — DNSSEC zone signing tool</p>
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-signzone</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-S</code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t</code>] [<code class="option">-u</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] [<code class="option">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-A</code>] {zonefile} [key...]</p></div>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2611534"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews signs a zone. It generates
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews determined by the presence or absence of a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">keyset</code> file for each child zone.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Verify all generated signatures.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specifies the DNS class of the zone.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Compatibility mode: Generate a
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="filename">keyset-<em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></code>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater file in addition to
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="filename">dsset-<em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></code>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater when signing a zone, for use by older versions of
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater Look for <code class="filename">dsset-</code> or
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater <code class="filename">keyset-</code> files in <code class="option">directory</code>.
8ec3c085233cedb22b05da36e2773c8f357a7e45Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></span></dt>
8ec3c085233cedb22b05da36e2773c8f357a7e45Automatic Updater Uses a crypto hardware (OpenSSL engine) for the crypto operations
8ec3c085233cedb22b05da36e2773c8f357a7e45Automatic Updater it supports, for instance signing with private keys from
8ec3c085233cedb22b05da36e2773c8f357a7e45Automatic Updater a secure key store. When compiled with PKCS#11 support
8ec3c085233cedb22b05da36e2773c8f357a7e45Automatic Updater it defaults to pcks11, the empty name resets it to no engine.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater Generate DS records for child zones from
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater <code class="filename">dsset-</code> or <code class="filename">keyset-</code>
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater file. Existing DS records will be removed.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater Key repository: Specify a directory to search for DNSSEC keys.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater If not specified, defaults to the current directory.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The domain is appended to the name of the records.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If no <code class="option">start-time</code> is specified, the current
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews expire. As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the start time. A time relative to the current time is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">end-time</code> is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="option">end-time</code> must be later than
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews default is to append <code class="filename">.signed</code> to
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews input filename.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span></dt>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews When a previously-signed zone is passed as input, records
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews may be resigned. The <code class="option">interval</code> option
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews between the signature end and start times. So if neither
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="option">end-time</code> or <code class="option">start-time</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews are specified, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The format of the input zone file.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This option is primarily intended to be used for dynamic
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews signed zones so that the dumped zone file in a non-text
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews format containing updates can be signed directly.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The use of this option does not make much sense for
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews non-dynamic zones.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e.
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews a previously-signed zone is passed as input to the signer,
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews all expired signatures have to be regenerated at about the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews same time. The <code class="option">jitter</code> option specifies a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews expire time, thus spreading incremental signature
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews regeneration over time.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews from all caches there will be less congestion than if all
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews validators need to refetch at mostly the same time.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>ncpus</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews thread is started for each detected CPU.
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></span></dt>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews The SOA serial number format of the signed zone.
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span> (default),
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span> and
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span>.
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span></span></dt>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews<dd><p>Do not modify the SOA serial number.</p></dd>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span></span></dt>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews<dd><p>Increment the SOA serial number using RFC 1982
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span></span></dt>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews<dd><p>Set the SOA serial number to the number of seconds
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is assumed to be the origin.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The format of the output file containing the signed zone.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews but less secure, than using real random data. This option
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews source is limited.
6283056805887de88040698685b8e1936a1f7a2dAutomatic Updater Disable post sign verification tests.
6283056805887de88040698685b8e1936a1f7a2dAutomatic Updater The post sign verification test ensures that for each algorithm
1c51f79aba598e5e20bde66aea0237e347f6d5ceAutomatic Updater in use there is at least one non revoked self signed KSK key,
1c51f79aba598e5e20bde66aea0237e347f6d5ceAutomatic Updater that all revoked KSK keys are self signed, and that all records
6283056805887de88040698685b8e1936a1f7a2dAutomatic Updater in the zone are signed by the algorithm.
1c51f79aba598e5e20bde66aea0237e347f6d5ceAutomatic Updater This option skips these tests.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews system does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is keyboard input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the name of a character device or file containing random
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews data to be used instead of the default. The special value
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews input should be used.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater Smart signing: Instructs <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> to
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater search the key repository for keys that match the zone being
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater signed, and to include them in the zone if appropriate.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater When a key is found, its timing metadata is examined to
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater determine how it should be used, according to the following
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater rules. Each successive rule takes priority over the prior
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater If no timing metadata has been set for the key, the key is
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater published in the zone and used to sign the zone.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater If the key's publication date is set and is in the past, the
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater key is published in the zone.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater If the key's activation date is set and in the past, the
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater key is published (regardless of publication date) and
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater used to sign the zone.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater If the key's revocation date is set and in the past, and the
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater key is published, then the key is revoked, and the revoked key
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater is used to sign the zone.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater If either of the key's unpublication or deletion dates are set
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater and in the past, the key is NOT published or used to sign the
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater zone, regardless of any other metadata.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Specifies the TTL to be used for new DNSKEY records imported
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater into the zone from the key repository. If not specified,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the default is the minimum TTL value from the zone's SOA
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater record. This option is ignored when signing without
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="option">-S</code>, since DNSKEY records are not imported
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater from the key repository in that case. It is also ignored if
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater there are any pre-existing DNSKEY records at the zone apex,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater in which case new records' TTL values will be set to match
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Print statistics at completion.
f3d1a0ba5228251d902a6acf3c8b05cb6842f992Automatic Updater Update NSEC/NSEC3 chain when re-signing a previously signed
f3d1a0ba5228251d902a6acf3c8b05cb6842f992Automatic Updater zone. With this option, a zone signed with NSEC can be
f3d1a0ba5228251d902a6acf3c8b05cb6842f992Automatic Updater switched to NSEC3, or a zone signed with NSEC3 can
f3d1a0ba5228251d902a6acf3c8b05cb6842f992Automatic Updater be switch to NSEC or to NSEC3 with different parameters.
f3d1a0ba5228251d902a6acf3c8b05cb6842f992Automatic Updater Without this option, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> will
f3d1a0ba5228251d902a6acf3c8b05cb6842f992Automatic Updater retain the existing chain when re-signing.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Sets the debugging level.
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater Only sign the DNSKEY RRset with key-signing keys, and omit
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater signatures from zone-signing keys. (This is similar to the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnskey-ksk-only yes;</strong></span> zone option in
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.)
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign. This
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater causes KSK-flagged keys to sign all records, not just the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater DNSKEY RRset. (This is similar to the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk no;</strong></span> zone option in
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.)
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></span></dt>
66fec05962ae85e63c4aa568d44a962db5bbc902Automatic Updater Generate an NSEC3 chain with the given hex encoded salt.
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater A dash (<em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em>) can
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater be used to indicate that no salt is to be used when generating the NSEC3 chain.
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></span></dt>
66fec05962ae85e63c4aa568d44a962db5bbc902Automatic Updater When generating an NSEC3 chain, use this many interations. The
66fec05962ae85e63c4aa568d44a962db5bbc902Automatic Updater default is 10.
66fec05962ae85e63c4aa568d44a962db5bbc902Automatic Updater When generating an NSEC3 chain set the OPTOUT flag on all
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater NSEC3 records and do not generate NSEC3 records for insecure
f3d1a0ba5228251d902a6acf3c8b05cb6842f992Automatic Updater Using this option twice (i.e., <code class="option">-AA</code>)
f3d1a0ba5228251d902a6acf3c8b05cb6842f992Automatic Updater turns the OPTOUT flag off for all records. This is useful
f3d1a0ba5228251d902a6acf3c8b05cb6842f992Automatic Updater when using the <code class="option">-u</code> option to modify an NSEC3
f3d1a0ba5228251d902a6acf3c8b05cb6842f992Automatic Updater chain which previously had OPTOUT set.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The file containing the zone to be signed.
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews Specify which keys should be used to sign the zone. If
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews no keys are specified, then the zone will be examined
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews for DNSKEY records at the zone apex. If these are found and
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews there are matching private keys, in the current directory,
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews then these will be used for signing.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The following command signs the <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews zone with the DSA key generated by <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater (Kexample.com.+003+17247). Because the <span><strong class="command">-S</strong></span> option
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater is not being used, the zone's keys must be in the master file
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater (<code class="filename">db.example.com</code>). This invocation looks
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater for <code class="filename">dsset</code> files, in the current directory,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater so that DS records can be imported from them (<span><strong class="command">-g</strong></span>).
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">% dnssec-signzone -g -o example.com db.example.com \
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews In the above example, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> creates
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the file <code class="filename">db.example.com.signed</code>. This
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews file should be referenced in a zone statement in a
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews This example re-signs a previously signed zone with default parameters.
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews The private keys are assumed to be in the current directory.
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">% cp db.example.com.signed db.example.com
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
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