man.dnssec-keygen.html revision 6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07
297be3708069ef31814d6d75c0d71a50a78feb03Mark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
689023771c563d8660e45d439a207e06e96de28fMark Andrews - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
689023771c563d8660e45d439a207e06e96de28fMark Andrews - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
689023771c563d8660e45d439a207e06e96de28fMark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
689023771c563d8660e45d439a207e06e96de28fMark Andrews - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
689023771c563d8660e45d439a207e06e96de28fMark Andrews - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
689023771c563d8660e45d439a207e06e96de28fMark Andrews - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span> — DNSSEC key generation tool</p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-keygen</code> [<code class="option">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>keysize</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-3</code>] [<code class="option">-A <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-C</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e</code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-G</code>] [<code class="option">-g <em class="replaceable"><code>generator</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k</code>] [<code class="option">-P <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q</code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>strength</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] {name}</p></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generates keys for DNSSEC (Secure DNS), as defined in RFC 2535
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and RFC 4034. It can also generate keys for use with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TSIG (Transaction Signatures) as defined in RFC 2845, or TKEY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (Transaction Key) as defined in RFC 2930.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="option">name</code> of the key is specified on the command
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein line. For DNSSEC keys, this must match the name of the zone for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which the key is being generated.
297be3708069ef31814d6d75c0d71a50a78feb03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Selects the cryptographic algorithm. For DNSSEC keys, the value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <code class="option">algorithm</code> must be one of RSAMD5, RSASHA1,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DSA, NSEC3RSASHA1, NSEC3DSA, RSASHA256, RSASHA512 or ECCGOST.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be DH (Diffie Hellman), HMAC-MD5, HMAC-SHA1, HMAC-SHA224,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein HMAC-SHA256, HMAC-SHA384, or HMAC-SHA512. These values are
297be3708069ef31814d6d75c0d71a50a78feb03Mark Andrews case insensitive.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no algorithm is specified, then RSASHA1 will be used by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default, unless the <code class="option">-3</code> option is specified,
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews in which case NSEC3RSASHA1 will be used instead. (If
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <code class="option">-3</code> is used and an algorithm is specified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that algorithm will be checked for compatibility with NSEC3.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note 1: that for DNSSEC, RSASHA1 is a mandatory to implement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein algorithm, and DSA is recommended. For TSIG, HMAC-MD5 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note 2: DH, HMAC-MD5, and HMAC-SHA1 through HMAC-SHA512
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein automatically set the -T KEY option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>keysize</code></em></span></dt>
297be3708069ef31814d6d75c0d71a50a78feb03Mark Andrews Specifies the number of bits in the key. The choice of key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein size depends on the algorithm used. RSA keys must be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein between 512 and 2048 bits. Diffie Hellman keys must be between
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 128 and 4096 bits. DSA keys must be between 512 and 1024
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein bits and an exact multiple of 64. HMAC keys must be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein between 1 and 512 bits.
297be3708069ef31814d6d75c0d71a50a78feb03Mark Andrews The key size does not need to be specified if using a default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein algorithm. The default key size is 1024 bits for zone signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys (ZSK's) and 2048 bits for key signing keys (KSK's,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generated with <code class="option">-f KSK</code>). However, if an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein algorithm is explicitly specified with the <code class="option">-a</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then there is no default key size, and the <code class="option">-b</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the owner type of the key. The value of
297be3708069ef31814d6d75c0d71a50a78feb03Mark Andrews <code class="option">nametype</code> must either be ZONE (for a DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone key (KEY/DNSKEY)), HOST or ENTITY (for a key associated with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a host (KEY)),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein USER (for a key associated with a user(KEY)) or OTHER (DNSKEY).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These values are case insensitive. Defaults to ZONE for DNSKEY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Use an NSEC3-capable algorithm to generate a DNSSEC key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If this option is used and no algorithm is explicitly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set on the command line, NSEC3RSASHA1 will be used by
4f6469885c3d66367e3f8fb94e1f3c66115990b0Mark Andrews default. Note that RSASHA256, RSASHA512 and ECCGOST algorithms
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are NSEC3-capable.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Compatibility mode: generates an old-style key, without
297be3708069ef31814d6d75c0d71a50a78feb03Mark Andrews any metadata. By default, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will include the key's creation date in the metadata stored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the private key, and other dates may be set there as well
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (publication date, activation date, etc). Keys that include
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this data may be incompatible with older versions of BIND; the
4f6469885c3d66367e3f8fb94e1f3c66115990b0Mark Andrews <code class="option">-C</code> option suppresses them.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Indicates that the DNS record containing the key should have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the specified class. If not specified, class IN is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Uses a crypto hardware (OpenSSL engine) for random number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and, when supported, key generation. When compiled with PKCS#11
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein support it defaults to pkcs11; the empty name resets it to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If generating an RSAMD5/RSASHA1 key, use a large exponent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Set the specified flag in the flag field of the KEY/DNSKEY record.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The only recognized flags are KSK (Key Signing Key) and REVOKE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Generate a key, but do not publish it or sign with it. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option is incompatible with -P and -A.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-g <em class="replaceable"><code>generator</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If generating a Diffie Hellman key, use this generator.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allowed values are 2 and 5. If no generator
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is specified, a known prime from RFC 2539 will be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if possible; otherwise the default is 2.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the directory in which the key files are to be written.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Deprecated in favor of -T KEY.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Sets the default TTL to use for this key when it is converted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein into a DNSKEY RR. If the key is imported into a zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this is the TTL that will be used for it, unless there was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein already a DNSKEY RRset in place, in which case the existing TTL
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein would take precedence. Setting the default TTL to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">0</code> or <code class="literal">none</code> removes it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></span></dt>
689023771c563d8660e45d439a207e06e96de28fMark Andrews Sets the protocol value for the generated key. The protocol
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a number between 0 and 255. The default is 3 (DNSSEC).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Other possible values for this argument are listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 2535 and its successors.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Quiet mode: Suppresses unnecessary output, including
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews progress indication. Without this option, when
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span> is run interactively
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews to generate an RSA or DSA key pair, it will print a string
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of symbols to <code class="filename">stderr</code> indicating the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein progress of the key generation. A '.' indicates that a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein random number has been found which passed an initial
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sieve test; '+' means a number has passed a single
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein round of the Miller-Rabin primality test; a space
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means that the number has passed all the tests and is
276e28f813ffef042d5a6e9f3373ef4e2ad37996Mark Andrews a satisfactory key.
538a83db7509d598da95a93bd7b74ef3112123a4Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code>
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews is keyboard input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews the name of a character device or file containing random
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews data to be used instead of the default. The special value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein input should be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Create a new key which is an explicit successor to an
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews existing key. The name, algorithm, size, and type of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key will be set to match the existing key. The activation
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews date of the new key will be set to the inactivation date of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the existing one. The publication date will be set to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein activation date minus the prepublication interval, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defaults to 30 days.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>strength</code></em></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Specifies the strength value of the key. The strength is
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews a number between 0 and 15, and currently has no defined
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews purpose in DNSSEC.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>rrtype</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the resource record type to use for the key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">rrtype</code> must be either DNSKEY or KEY. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default is DNSKEY when using a DNSSEC algorithm, but it can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein overridden to KEY for use with SIG(0).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Using any TSIG algorithm (HMAC-* or DH) forces this option
763a2f8ca55318aedb0dc0e5b1d35b53fe28c7d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Indicates the use of the key. <code class="option">type</code> must be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one of AUTHCONF, NOAUTHCONF, NOAUTH, or NOCONF. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is AUTHCONF. AUTH refers to the ability to authenticate
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews data, and CONF the ability to encrypt data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the debugging level.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the argument begins with a '+' or '-', it is interpreted as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an offset from the present time. For convenience, if such an offset
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is followed by one of the suffixes 'y', 'mo', 'w', 'd', 'h', or 'mi',
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then the offset is computed in years (defined as 365 24-hour days,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ignoring leap years), months (defined as 30 24-hour days), weeks,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein days, hours, or minutes, respectively. Without a suffix, the offset
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is computed in seconds.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-P <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the date on which a key is to be published to the zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein After that date, the key will be included in the zone but will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be used to sign it. If not set, and if the -G option has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not been used, the default is "now".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-A <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the date on which the key is to be activated. After that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein date, the key will be included in the zone and used to sign
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it. If not set, and if the -G option has not been used, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default is "now".
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Sets the date on which the key is to be revoked. After that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein date, the key will be flagged as revoked. It will be included
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the zone and will be used to sign it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the date on which the key is to be retired. After that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein date, the key will still be included in the zone, but it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will not be used to sign it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the date on which the key is to be deleted. After that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein date, the key will no longer be included in the zone. (It
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may remain in the key repository, however.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the prepublication interval for a key. If set, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the publication and activation dates must be separated by at least
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this much time. If the activation date is specified but the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein publication date isn't, then the publication date will default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to this much time before the activation date; conversely, if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the publication date is specified but activation date isn't,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then activation will be set to this much time after publication.
689023771c563d8660e45d439a207e06e96de28fMark Andrews If the key is being created as an explicit successor to another
4f6469885c3d66367e3f8fb94e1f3c66115990b0Mark Andrews key, then the default prepublication interval is 30 days;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise it is zero.
4f6469885c3d66367e3f8fb94e1f3c66115990b0Mark Andrews As with date offsets, if the argument is followed by one of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the suffixes 'y', 'mo', 'w', 'd', 'h', or 'mi', then the
689023771c563d8660e45d439a207e06e96de28fMark Andrews interval is measured in years, months, weeks, days, hours,
689023771c563d8660e45d439a207e06e96de28fMark Andrews or minutes, respectively. Without a suffix, the interval is
4f6469885c3d66367e3f8fb94e1f3c66115990b0Mark Andrews measured in seconds.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span> completes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein successfully,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it prints a string of the form <code class="filename">Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the standard output. This is an identification string for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the key it has generated.
689023771c563d8660e45d439a207e06e96de28fMark Andrews<li><p><code class="filename">nnnn</code> is the key name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li><p><code class="filename">aaa</code> is the numeric representation
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<li><p><code class="filename">iiiii</code> is the key identifier (or
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein creates two files, with names based
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the printed string. <code class="filename">Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contains the public key, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.private</code> contains the
538a83db7509d598da95a93bd7b74ef3112123a4Mark Andrews The <code class="filename">.key</code> file contains a DNS KEY record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be inserted into a zone file (directly or with a $INCLUDE
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The <code class="filename">.private</code> file contains
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews algorithm-specific
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews fields. For obvious security reasons, this file does not have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein general read permission.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Both <code class="filename">.key</code> and <code class="filename">.private</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein files are generated for symmetric encryption algorithms such as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein HMAC-MD5, even though the public and private key are equivalent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To generate a 768-bit DSA key for the domain
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>, the following command would be
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<p><strong class="userinput"><code>dnssec-keygen -a DSA -b 768 -n ZONE example.com</code></strong>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The command would print a string of the form:
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<p><strong class="userinput"><code>Kexample.com.+003+26160</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In this example, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span> creates
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the files <code class="filename">Kexample.com.+003+26160.key</code>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <code class="filename">Kexample.com.+003+26160.private</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
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