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cffe50abf66495ee08084f8e1081278a9b589985Brian Wellington<!--
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19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<hr>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington</div>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<div class="refentry" lang="en">
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<a name="man.dig"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<div class="refnamediv">
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<h2>Name</h2>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p>dig &#8212; DNS lookup utility</p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington</div>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<h2>Synopsis</h2>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [@server] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m</code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]name:key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</p></div>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>]</p></div>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington</div>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<a name="id2608577"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington (domain information groper) is a flexible tool
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
91cd0f93ad34d23e8b09dca337120f64fbe8f0a1Andreas Gustafsson were queried. Most DNS administrators use <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington than <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington Although <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> is normally used with
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington command-line
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington and options is printed when the <code class="option">-h</code> option is given.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> allows multiple lookups to be issued
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington from the
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington command line.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington in
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<p>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein When no command line arguments or options are given,
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform an NS query for "." (the root).
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington It is possible to set per-user defaults for <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> via
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>. This file is read and
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington any options in it
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington are applied before the command line arguments.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington domains names. Either use the <code class="option">-t</code> and
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <code class="option">-c</code> options to specify the type and class,
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington use the <code class="option">-q</code> the specify the domain name, or
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington</div>
fb1ee7bee0e7cb77df61e3940cfe8dca9bb1390dBrian Wellington<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<a name="id2608672"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> looks like:
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<pre class="programlisting"> dig @server name type </pre>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington where:
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington
60a7fe5da1b92fb5644ef5b4544a78b6d2861c8fBrian Wellington </p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<div class="variablelist"><dl>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
60a7fe5da1b92fb5644ef5b4544a78b6d2861c8fBrian Wellington<dd><p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington be an IPv4
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington hostname,
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> resolves that name before
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington querying that name
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington server. If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington argument is provided,
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> consults <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington name
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington server that responds is displayed.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p></dd>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<dd><p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p></dd>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
add4043305ca411202ed9cf1929a4179016515ceBrian Wellington<dd><p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington indicates what type of query is required &#8212;
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington type. If no
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington A record.
add4043305ca411202ed9cf1929a4179016515ceBrian Wellington </p></dd>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington</dl></div>
add4043305ca411202ed9cf1929a4179016515ceBrian Wellington<p>
add4043305ca411202ed9cf1929a4179016515ceBrian Wellington </p>
add4043305ca411202ed9cf1929a4179016515ceBrian Wellington</div>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<a name="id2609056"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p>
a2b8bb87775ed6c7cd245cd615fca4529ec18ae0Mark Andrews The <code class="option">-b</code> option sets the source IP address of the query
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington to <em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>. This must be a valid
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington address on
6e8b843125f36c702dabd05beb76365ff018f4a4Brian Wellington one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional
6e8b843125f36c702dabd05beb76365ff018f4a4Brian Wellington port
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington may be specified by appending "#&lt;port&gt;"
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <code class="option">-c</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is
734ae1f7c6abafe1f1ca164aad7a3dd01ee82cbdBrian Wellington any valid
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington The <code class="option">-f</code> option makes <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington operate
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington file <em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>. The file contains a
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington number of
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington the same way they would be presented as queries to
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> using the command-line interface.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington The <code class="option">-m</code> option enables memory usage debugging.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <code class="option">-p</code> option is used. <em class="parameter"><code>port#</code></em> is
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington the port number that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send its
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington queries
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington on a non-standard port number.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington The <code class="option">-4</code> option forces <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington to only
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington use IPv4 query transport. The <code class="option">-6</code> option forces
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to only use IPv6 query transport.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington </p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington<p>
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington The <code class="option">-t</code> option sets the query type to
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>. It can be any valid query type
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington which is
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <code class="option">-x</code> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> is set to <code class="literal">ixfr=N</code>.
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone
19e0a2c2d13500712564c59c5feb76f7f4209383Brian Wellington since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was
<em class="parameter"><code>N</code></em>.
</p>
<p>
The <code class="option">-q</code> option sets the query name to
<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>. This useful do distinguish the
<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from other arguments.
</p>
<p>
Reverse lookups &#8212; mapping addresses to names &#8212; are simplified by the
<code class="option">-x</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is
an IPv4
address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
When this option is used, there is no need to provide the
<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> and
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> arguments. <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
automatically performs a lookup for a name like
<code class="literal">11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</code> and sets the
query type and
class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are
looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain
specify the <code class="option">-i</code> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)
are now experimental and are not attempted.
</p>
<p>
To sign the DNS queries sent by <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and
their
responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file
using the <code class="option">-k</code> option. You can also specify the TSIG
key itself on the command line using the <code class="option">-y</code> option;
<em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC-MD5,
<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> is the name of the TSIG key and
<em class="parameter"><code>key</code></em> is the actual key. The key is a
base-64
encoded string, typically generated by
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
Caution should be taken when using the <code class="option">-y</code> option on
multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
or in the shell's history file. When
using TSIG authentication with <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>, the name
server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is
being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate
<span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements in
<code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2661076"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
provides a number of query options which affect
the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
and retry strategies.
</p>
<p>
Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
(<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
option. These may be preceded
by the string <code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of
that keyword. Other
keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
The query options are:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default
behavior is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is
requested, in
which case a TCP connection is used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vc</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate
syntax to <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]tcp</code></em> is
provided for backwards
compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit".
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ignore</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP.
By
default, TCP retries are performed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+domain=somename</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the search list to contain the single domain
<em class="parameter"><code>somename</code></em>, as if specified in
a
<span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> directive in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, and enable
search list
processing as if the <em class="parameter"><code>+search</code></em>
option were given.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]search</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or
domain
directive in <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (if
any).
The search list is not used by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]showsearch</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
results.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]defname</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Deprecated, treated as a synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]search</code></em>
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaonly</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]aaonly</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]adflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the
query. This requests the server to return whether
all of the answer and authority sections have all
been validated as secure according to the security
policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records
have been validated as secure and the answer is not
from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part
of the answer was insecure or not validated.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query.
This
requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of
responses.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cl</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]recurse</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the
query.
This bit is set by default, which means <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically
disabled
when the <em class="parameter"><code>+nssearch</code></em> or
<em class="parameter"><code>+trace</code></em> query options are
used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nssearch</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When this option is set, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
attempts to find the
authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name
being
looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has
for the
zone.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trace</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers
for
the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When
tracing is enabled, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> makes
iterative queries to
resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from
the
root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used
to
resolve the lookup.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cmd</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output
identifying
the version of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and the query
options that have
been applied. This comment is printed by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a
verbose form.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]identify</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that
supplied the
answer when the <em class="parameter"><code>+short</code></em> option
is enabled. If
short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the
source address and port number of the server that provided the
answer.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default
is to
print comments.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]stats</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the
query
was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default
behavior is
to print the query statistics.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]qr</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print [do not print] the query as it is sent.
By default, the query is not printed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]question</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an
answer is
returned. The default is to print the question section as a
comment.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]answer</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The
default
is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]authority</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The
default is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]additional</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply.
The default is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set or clear all display flags.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+time=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the timeout for a query to
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> seconds. The default
timeout is 5 seconds.
An attempt to set <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> to less
than 1 will result
in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+tries=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, 3.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> is less than or equal to
zero, the number of
tries is silently rounded up to 1.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+retry=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, 2.
Unlike
<em class="parameter"><code>+tries</code></em>, this does not include
the initial
query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+ndots=D</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the number of dots that have to appear in
<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>D</code></em> for it to be
considered absolute. The default value is that defined using
the
ndots statement in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, or 1 if no
ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are
interpreted as
relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in
the
<code class="option">search</code> or <code class="option">domain</code> directive in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+bufsize=B</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to
<em class="parameter"><code>B</code></em> bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes
of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside
this range are rounded up or down appropriately.
Values other than zero will cause a EDNS query to be sent.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+edns=#</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause a
EDNS query to be sent. <code class="option">+noedns</code> clears the
remembered EDNS version.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line
format with human-readable comments. The default is to print
each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing
of the <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> output.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]onesoa</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print only one (starting) SOA record when performing
an AXFR. The default is to print both the starting and
ending SOA records.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]fail</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The
default is
to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub
resolver
behavior.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]besteffort</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed.
The default is to not display malformed answers.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit
(DO)
in the OPT record in the additional section of the query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sigchase</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with
-DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+trusted-key=####</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used with
<code class="option">+sigchase</code>. Each DNSKEY record must be
on its own line.
</p>
<p>
If not specified, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will look for
<code class="filename">/etc/trusted-key.key</code> then
<code class="filename">trusted-key.key</code> in the current directory.
</p>
<p>
Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]topdown</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down
validation.
Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nsid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending a query.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2662158"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
<p>
The BIND 9 implementation of <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
supports
specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
supporting the <code class="option">-f</code> batch file option). Each of those
queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
options.
</p>
<p>
In this case, each <em class="parameter"><code>query</code></em> argument
represent an
individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
should be applied to that query.
</p>
<p>
A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
the <code class="option">+[no]cmd</code> option) can be
overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
</pre>
<p>
shows how <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> could be used from the
command line
to make three lookups: an ANY query for <code class="literal">www.isc.org</code>, a
reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
A global query option of <em class="parameter"><code>+qr</code></em> is
applied, so
that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> shows the initial query it made
for each
lookup. The final query has a local query option of
<em class="parameter"><code>+noqr</code></em> which means that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2662244"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
<p>
If <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of
domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
reply from the server.
If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
the <code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</code> environment variable.
The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> runs.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2662273"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
</p>
<p><code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2662294"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC1035</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2662331"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
There are probably too many query options.
</p>
</div>
</div>
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