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cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<div class="refentry" lang="en">
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<a name="man.dig"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<div class="refnamediv">
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<h2>Name</h2>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<p>dig &#8212; DNS lookup utility</p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen</div>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<h2>Synopsis</h2>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [@server] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m</code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]name:key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</p></div>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>]</p></div>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen</div>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<a name="id2615921"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen (domain information groper) is a flexible tool
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen were queried. Most DNS administrators use <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen than <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p>
1358e2c58ce29231485a5cfa454756d429ad3d2cTimo Sirainen<p>
1358e2c58ce29231485a5cfa454756d429ad3d2cTimo Sirainen Although <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> is normally used with
56439f2879ad690d9ac637e2b90b612760d2f219Timo Sirainen command-line
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen and options is printed when the <code class="option">-h</code> option is given.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> allows multiple lookups to be issued
c9dea5c23355dea35c6fa423de69f6507852efe4Timo Sirainen from the
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen command line.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed in
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. If no usable server addresses
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen are found, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send the query to the local
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen host.
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen </p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<p>
c9dea5c23355dea35c6fa423de69f6507852efe4Timo Sirainen When no command line arguments or options are given,
c9dea5c23355dea35c6fa423de69f6507852efe4Timo Sirainen <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform an NS query for "." (the root).
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen It is possible to set per-user defaults for <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> via
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>. This file is read and
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen any options in it
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen are applied before the command line arguments.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen domain names. Either use the <code class="option">-t</code> and
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <code class="option">-c</code> options to specify the type and class,
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen use the <code class="option">-q</code> the specify the domain name, or
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen</div>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<a name="id2616091"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> looks like:
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<pre class="programlisting"> dig @server name type </pre>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen where:
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<div class="variablelist"><dl>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dd>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen can be an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a hostname,
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> resolves that name before querying
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen that name server.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen provided, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> consults
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>; if an
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen address is found there, it queries the name server at
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen that address. If either of the <code class="option">-4</code> or
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <code class="option">-6</code> options are in use, then
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen only addresses for the corresponding transport
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen will be tried. If no usable addresses are found,
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send the query to the
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen local host. The reply from the name server that
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen responds is displayed.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen</dd>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dd><p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p></dd>
f5ff1c14f929f177c3039de898d060a7305e126fTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
f5ff1c14f929f177c3039de898d060a7305e126fTimo Sirainen<dd><p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen indicates what type of query is required &#8212;
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen type. If no
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen A record.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p></dd>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen</dl></div>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen</div>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<a name="id2616422"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<div class="variablelist"><dl>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dd><p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen Use IPv4 only.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p></dd>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt>
1358e2c58ce29231485a5cfa454756d429ad3d2cTimo Sirainen<dd><p>
1358e2c58ce29231485a5cfa454756d429ad3d2cTimo Sirainen Use IPv6 only.
56439f2879ad690d9ac637e2b90b612760d2f219Timo Sirainen </p></dd>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address[<span class="optional">#port</span>]</code></em></span></dt>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dd><p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen Set the source IP address of the query.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen The <em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em> must be a valid address on
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen one of the host's network interfaces, or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An
56439f2879ad690d9ac637e2b90b612760d2f219Timo Sirainen optional port may be specified by appending "#&lt;port&gt;"
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p></dd>
6ed1e82824590b514201d9db84ba96bdfc832dd5Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dd><p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen Set the query class. The
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen default <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is IN; other classes
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen are HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p></dd>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></span></dt>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dd><p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen Batch mode: <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> reads a list of lookup
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen requests to process from the
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen given <em class="parameter"><code>file</code></em>. Each line in the file
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen should be organized in the same way they would be
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen presented as queries to
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> using the command-line interface.
94163c620a8880024d0e8bbb503c788159fa222bTimo Sirainen </p></dd>
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-i</span></dt>
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen<dd><p>
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen Do reverse IPv6 lookups using the obsolete RFC1886 IP6.INT
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen domain, which is no longer in use. Obsolete bit string
94163c620a8880024d0e8bbb503c788159fa222bTimo Sirainen label queries (RFC2874) are not attempted.
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen </p></dd>
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></span></dt>
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen<dd><p>
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen Sign queries using TSIG using a key read from the given file.
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen Key files can be generated using
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tsig-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen When using TSIG authentication with <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>,
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen the name server that is queried needs to know the key and
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen algorithm that is being used. In BIND, this is done by
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen providing appropriate <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen and <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements in
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen </p></dd>
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-m</span></dt>
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen<dd><p>
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen Enable memory usage debugging.
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen </p></dd>
5fc6c78697dfa0636ef5c0b0ba9a6a78b11c7b90Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
5fc6c78697dfa0636ef5c0b0ba9a6a78b11c7b90Timo Sirainen<dd><p>
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen Send the query to a non-standard port on the server,
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen instead of the defaut port 53. This option would be used
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen to test a name server that has been configured to listen
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen for queries on a non-standard port number.
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen </p></dd>
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></span></dt>
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen<dd><p>
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen The domain name to query. This is useful to distinguish
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen the <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from other arguments.
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen </p></dd>
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></span></dt>
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen<dd><p>
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen The resource record type to query. It can be any valid query type
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen which is
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the
56439f2879ad690d9ac637e2b90b612760d2f219Timo Sirainen <code class="option">-x</code> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
1358e2c58ce29231485a5cfa454756d429ad3d2cTimo Sirainen A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
1358e2c58ce29231485a5cfa454756d429ad3d2cTimo Sirainen an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required, set the
ec1a4f4306496380e9d96ee08a3718a669d0875aTimo Sirainen <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> to <code class="literal">ixfr=N</code>.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes
863f2bc9983c33221f5936421fc9c06caf21639aTimo Sirainen made to the zone since the serial number in the zone's SOA
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen record was
1358e2c58ce29231485a5cfa454756d429ad3d2cTimo Sirainen <em class="parameter"><code>N</code></em>.
4d4d6d4745682790c20d759ba93dbea46b812c5dTimo Sirainen </p></dd>
4d4d6d4745682790c20d759ba93dbea46b812c5dTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
4d4d6d4745682790c20d759ba93dbea46b812c5dTimo Sirainen<dd><p>
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen Print the version number and exit.
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen </p></dd>
56439f2879ad690d9ac637e2b90b612760d2f219Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></span></dt>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dd><p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen Simplified reverse lookups, for mapping addresses to
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen names. The <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is an IPv4 address
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen address. When the <code class="option">-x</code> is used, there is no
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen need to provide
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen the <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen and <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen arguments. <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> automatically performs a
1358e2c58ce29231485a5cfa454756d429ad3d2cTimo Sirainen lookup for a name like
1358e2c58ce29231485a5cfa454756d429ad3d2cTimo Sirainen <code class="literal">94.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa</code> and sets the
1358e2c58ce29231485a5cfa454756d429ad3d2cTimo Sirainen query type and class to PTR and IN respectively. IPv6
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen addresses are looked up using nibble format under the
56439f2879ad690d9ac637e2b90b612760d2f219Timo Sirainen IP6.ARPA domain (but see also the <code class="option">-i</code>
56439f2879ad690d9ac637e2b90b612760d2f219Timo Sirainen option).
56439f2879ad690d9ac637e2b90b612760d2f219Timo Sirainen </p></dd>
56439f2879ad690d9ac637e2b90b612760d2f219Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]keyname:secret</code></em></span></dt>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dd>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<p>
4d4d6d4745682790c20d759ba93dbea46b812c5dTimo Sirainen Sign queries using TSIG with the given authentication key.
4d4d6d4745682790c20d759ba93dbea46b812c5dTimo Sirainen <em class="parameter"><code>keyname</code></em> is the name of the key, and
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <em class="parameter"><code>secret</code></em> is the base64 encoded shared secret.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the name of the key algorithm;
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen valid choices are <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
4d4d6d4745682790c20d759ba93dbea46b812c5dTimo Sirainen <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>, or
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code>. If <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em>
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen is not specified, the default is <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>.
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen </p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<p>
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen NOTE: You should use the <code class="option">-k</code> option and
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen avoid the <code class="option">-y</code> option, because
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen with <code class="option">-y</code> the shared secret is supplied as
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen a command line argument in clear text. This may be visible
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen in the output from
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
4d4d6d4745682790c20d759ba93dbea46b812c5dTimo Sirainen or in a history file maintained by the user's shell.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p>
863f2bc9983c33221f5936421fc9c06caf21639aTimo Sirainen</dd>
863f2bc9983c33221f5936421fc9c06caf21639aTimo Sirainen</dl></div>
863f2bc9983c33221f5936421fc9c06caf21639aTimo Sirainen</div>
863f2bc9983c33221f5936421fc9c06caf21639aTimo Sirainen<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
ec1a4f4306496380e9d96ee08a3718a669d0875aTimo Sirainen<a name="id2667591"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen provides a number of query options which affect
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen and retry strategies.
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen </p>
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen<p>
56439f2879ad690d9ac637e2b90b612760d2f219Timo Sirainen Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
c1847a38dfbc8bad29547d96432ef9d707dbd345Timo Sirainen (<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen option. These may be preceded
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen by the string <code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen that keyword. Other
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
637ec4c33b4715737a41f7e58c9b6d1f693c27e2Timo Sirainen have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen The query options are:
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen </p>
6ed1e82824590b514201d9db84ba96bdfc832dd5Timo Sirainen<div class="variablelist"><dl>
4d4d6d4745682790c20d759ba93dbea46b812c5dTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaflag</code></span></dt>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen<dd><p>
cd18d7bb3e8d5921c3c852bd0a27fbeff9a9babbTimo Sirainen A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]aaonly</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaonly</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]additional</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the additional section of a
reply. The default is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]adflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the
query. This requests the server to return whether
all of the answer and authority sections have all
been validated as secure according to the security
policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records
have been validated as secure and the answer is not
from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part
of the answer was insecure or not validated. This
bit is set by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set or clear all display flags.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]answer</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the answer section of a
reply. The default is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]authority</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the authority section of a
reply. The default is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]besteffort</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Attempt to display the contents of messages which are
malformed. The default is to not display malformed
answers.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+bufsize=B</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0
to <em class="parameter"><code>B</code></em> bytes. The maximum and
minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively.
Values outside this range are rounded up or down
appropriately. Values other than zero will cause a
EDNS query to be sent.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in
the query. This requests the server to not perform
DNSSEC validation of responses.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cl</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the
record.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cmd</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the
output identifying the version of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
and the query options that have been applied. This
comment is printed by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of comment lines in the output.
The default is to print comments.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]crypto</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC
records. The contents of these field are unnecessary
to debug most DNSSEC validation failures and removing
them makes it easier to see the common failures. The
default is to display the fields. When omitted they
are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or in the
DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement,
e.g. "[ key id = value ]".
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]defname</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Deprecated, treated as a synonym for
<em class="parameter"><code>+[no]search</code></em>
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC
OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section
of the query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+domain=somename</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the search list to contain the single domain
<em class="parameter"><code>somename</code></em>, as if specified in
a <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> directive in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, and enable
search list processing as if the
<em class="parameter"><code>+search</code></em> option were given.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+dscp=value</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the DSCP code point to be used when sending the
query. Valid DSCP code points are in the range
[0..63]. By default no code point is explicitly set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]edns[=#]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause
a EDNS query to be sent. <code class="option">+noedns</code>
clears the remembered EDNS version. EDNS is set to
0 by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsflags[=#]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the must-be-zero EDNS flags bits (Z bits) to the
specified value. Decimal, hex and octal encodings are
accepted. Setting a named flag (e.g. DO) will silently be
ignored. By default, no Z bits are set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsnegotiation</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Enable / disable EDNS version negotiation. By default
EDNS version negotiation is enabled.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsopt[=code[:value]]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify EDNS option with code point <code class="option">code</code>
and optionally payload of <code class="option">value</code> as a
hexadecimal string. <code class="option">+noednsopt</code>
clears the EDNS options to be sent.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]expire</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Send an EDNS Expire option.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]fail</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL.
The default is to not try the next server which is
the reverse of normal stub resolver behavior.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]header-only</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Send a query with a DNS header without a question section.
The default is to add a question section. The query type
and query name are ignored when this is set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]identify</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number
that supplied the answer when the
<em class="parameter"><code>+short</code></em> option is enabled. If
short form answers are requested, the default is not
to show the source address and port number of the
server that provided the answer.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ignore</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying
with TCP. By default, TCP retries are performed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]keepopen</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Keep the TCP socket open between queries and reuse
it rather than creating a new TCP socket for each
lookup. The default is <code class="option">+nokeepopen</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print records like the SOA records in a verbose
multi-line format with human-readable comments. The
default is to print each record on a single line, to
facilitate machine parsing of the <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
output.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+ndots=D</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the number of dots that have to appear in
<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>D</code></em>
for it to be considered absolute. The default value
is that defined using the ndots statement in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, or 1 if no
ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots
are interpreted as relative names and will be searched
for in the domains listed in the <code class="option">search</code>
or <code class="option">domain</code> directive in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code> if
<code class="option">+search</code> is set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nsid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending
a query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nssearch</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When this option is set, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
attempts to find the authoritative name servers for
the zone containing the name being looked up and
display the SOA record that each name server has for
the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]onesoa</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print only one (starting) SOA record when performing
an AXFR. The default is to print both the starting
and ending SOA records.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]qr</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. By
default, the query is not printed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]question</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print [do not print] the question section of a query
when an answer is returned. The default is to print
the question section as a comment.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]recurse</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit
in the query. This bit is set by default, which means
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> normally sends recursive
queries. Recursion is automatically disabled when
the <em class="parameter"><code>+nssearch</code></em> or
<em class="parameter"><code>+trace</code></em> query options are used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+retry=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to
server to <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the
default, 2. Unlike <em class="parameter"><code>+tries</code></em>,
this does not include the initial query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]rrcomments</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of per-record comments in the
output (for example, human-readable key information
about DNSKEY records). The default is not to print
record comments unless multiline mode is active.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]search</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use [do not use] the search list defined by the
searchlist or domain directive in
<code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (if any). The search
list is not used by default.
</p>
<p>
'ndots' from <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (default 1)
which may be overridden by <em class="parameter"><code>+ndots</code></em>
determines if the name will be treated as relative
or not and hence whether a search is eventually
performed or not.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the
answer in a verbose form.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]showsearch</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
results.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sigchase</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be
compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sit[<span class="optional">=####</span>]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Send a Source Identity Token EDNS option, with optional
value. Replaying a SIT from a previous response will
allow the server to identify a previous client. The
default is <code class="option">+nosit</code>. Currently using
experimental value 65001 for the option code.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+split=W</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource
records into chunks of <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em>
characters (where <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em> is rounded
up to the nearest multiple of 4).
<em class="parameter"><code>+nosplit</code></em> or
<em class="parameter"><code>+split=0</code></em> causes fields not to
be split at all. The default is 56 characters, or
44 characters when multiline mode is active.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]stats</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
This query option toggles the printing of statistics:
when the query was made, the size of the reply and
so on. The default behavior is to print the query
statistics.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]subnet=addr/prefix</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Send an EDNS Client Subnet option with the specified
IP address or network prefix.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The
default behavior is to use UDP unless an
<code class="literal">ixfr=N</code> query is requested, in which
case the default is TCP. AXFR queries always use
TCP.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+timeout=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the timeout for a query to
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> seconds. The default
timeout is 5 seconds.
An attempt to set <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> to less
than 1 will result
in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]topdown</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down
validation. Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trace</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root
name servers for the name being looked up. Tracing
is disabled by default. When tracing is enabled,
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> makes iterative queries to
resolve the name being looked up. It will follow
referrals from the root servers, showing the answer
from each server that was used to resolve the lookup.
</p>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">+dnssec</strong></span> is also set when +trace
is set to better emulate the default queries from a
nameserver.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+tries=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server
to <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default,
3. If <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> is less than or equal
to zero, the number of tries is silently rounded up
to 1.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+trusted-key=####</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used
with <code class="option">+sigchase</code>. Each DNSKEY record
must be on its own line.
</p>
<p>
If not specified, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will look
for <code class="filename">/etc/trusted-key.key</code> then
<code class="filename">trusted-key.key</code> in the current
directory.
</p>
<p>
Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the
record.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlunits</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the TTL in friendly human-readable
time units of "s", "m", "h", "d", and "w", representing
seconds, minutes, hours, days and weeks. Implies +ttlid.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vc</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This
alternate syntax to <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]tcp</code></em>
is provided for backwards compatibility. The "vc"
stands for "virtual circuit".
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]zflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [do not set] the last unassigned DNS header flag in a
DNS query. This flag is off by default.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2668947"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
<p>
The BIND 9 implementation of <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
supports
specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
supporting the <code class="option">-f</code> batch file option). Each of those
queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
options.
</p>
<p>
In this case, each <em class="parameter"><code>query</code></em> argument
represent an
individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
should be applied to that query.
</p>
<p>
A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
the <code class="option">+[no]cmd</code> option) can be
overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
</pre>
<p>
shows how <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> could be used from the
command line
to make three lookups: an ANY query for <code class="literal">www.isc.org</code>, a
reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
A global query option of <em class="parameter"><code>+qr</code></em> is
applied, so
that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> shows the initial query it made
for each
lookup. The final query has a local query option of
<em class="parameter"><code>+noqr</code></em> which means that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2669032"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
<p>
If <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of
domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
reply from the server.
If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
the <code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</code> environment variable.
The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> runs.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2669061"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
</p>
<p><code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2669082"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC1035</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2669120"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
There are probably too many query options.
</p>
</div>
</div>
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