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4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync - Copyright (C) 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
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4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [@server] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m</code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]name:key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</p></div>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>]</p></div>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync (domain information groper) is a flexible tool
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync were queried. Most DNS administrators use <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync than <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Although <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> is normally used with
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync command-line
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync and options is printed when the <code class="option">-h</code> option is given.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> allows multiple lookups to be issued
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync command line.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync When no command line arguments or options are given,
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform an NS query for "." (the root).
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync It is possible to set per-user defaults for <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> via
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>. This file is read and
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync any options in it
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync are applied before the command line arguments.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync domains names. Either use the <code class="option">-t</code> and
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="option">-c</code> options to specify the type and class,
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync use the <code class="option">-q</code> the specify the domain name, or
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> looks like:
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<pre class="programlisting"> dig @server name type </pre>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> resolves that name before
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync querying that name
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync server. If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync argument is provided,
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> consults <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync server that responds is displayed.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync indicates what type of query is required —
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync type. If no
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The <code class="option">-b</code> option sets the source IP address of the query
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync to <em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>. This must be a valid
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync may be specified by appending "#<port>"
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="option">-c</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The <code class="option">-f</code> option makes <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync file <em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>. The file contains a
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync the same way they would be presented as queries to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> using the command-line interface.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The <code class="option">-m</code> option enables memory usage debugging.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="option">-p</code> option is used. <em class="parameter"><code>port#</code></em> is
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync the port number that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send its
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync on a non-standard port number.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The <code class="option">-4</code> option forces <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync use IPv4 query transport. The <code class="option">-6</code> option forces
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to only use IPv6 query transport.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The <code class="option">-t</code> option sets the query type to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>. It can be any valid query type
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="option">-x</code> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> is set to <code class="literal">ixfr=N</code>.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The <code class="option">-q</code> option sets the query name to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>. This useful do distinguish the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from other arguments.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Reverse lookups — mapping addresses to names — are simplified by the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="option">-x</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync When this option is used, there is no need to provide the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> and
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> arguments. <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync automatically performs a lookup for a name like
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="literal">11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</code> and sets the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync query type and
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync specify the <code class="option">-i</code> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync are now experimental and are not attempted.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync To sign the DNS queries sent by <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync using the <code class="option">-k</code> option. You can also specify the TSIG
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync key itself on the command line using the <code class="option">-y</code> option;
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC-MD5,
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> is the name of the TSIG key and
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>key</code></em> is the actual key. The key is a
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync encoded string, typically generated by
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Caution should be taken when using the <code class="option">-y</code> option on
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync or in the shell's history file. When
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync using TSIG authentication with <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>, the name
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements in
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync provides a number of query options which affect
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync and retry strategies.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync (<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync option. These may be preceded
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync by the string <code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync that keyword. Other
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The query options are:
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync behavior is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync requested, in
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync which case a TCP connection is used.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vc</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync syntax to <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]tcp</code></em> is
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync provided for backwards
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit".
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ignore</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync default, TCP retries are performed.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+domain=somename</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Set the search list to contain the single domain
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>somename</code></em>, as if specified in
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> directive in
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, and enable
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync search list
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync processing as if the <em class="parameter"><code>+search</code></em>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync option were given.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]search</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync directive in <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (if
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The search list is not used by default.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]showsearch</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]defname</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Deprecated, treated as a synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]search</code></em>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaonly</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaflag</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]aaonly</code></em>.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]adflag</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync query. This requests the server to return whether
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync all of the answer and authority sections have all
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync been validated as secure according to the security
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync have been validated as secure and the answer is not
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync of the answer was insecure or not validated.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cl</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlid</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]recurse</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync This bit is set by default, which means <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync when the <em class="parameter"><code>+nssearch</code></em> or
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>+trace</code></em> query options are
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nssearch</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync When this option is set, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync attempts to find the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trace</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync tracing is enabled, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> makes
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync iterative queries to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync resolve the lookup.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cmd</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync identifying
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync the version of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and the query
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync options that have
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync been applied. This comment is printed by default.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync verbose form.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]identify</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync supplied the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync answer when the <em class="parameter"><code>+short</code></em> option
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync is enabled. If
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync source address and port number of the server that provided the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync print comments.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]stats</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync behavior is
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync to print the query statistics.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]qr</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Print [do not print] the query as it is sent.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync By default, the query is not printed.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]question</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync returned. The default is to print the question section as a
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]answer</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync is to display it.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]authority</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync default is to display it.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]additional</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The default is to display it.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Set or clear all display flags.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+time=T</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Sets the timeout for a query to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> seconds. The default
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync timeout is 5 seconds.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync An attempt to set <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> to less
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync than 1 will result
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+tries=T</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, 3.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> is less than or equal to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync zero, the number of
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync tries is silently rounded up to 1.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+retry=T</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, 2.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>+tries</code></em>, this does not include
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync the initial
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+ndots=D</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Set the number of dots that have to appear in
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>D</code></em> for it to be
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync considered absolute. The default value is that defined using
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync ndots statement in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, or 1 if no
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync interpreted as
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="option">search</code> or <code class="option">domain</code> directive in
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+bufsize=B</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>B</code></em> bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync this range are rounded up or down appropriately.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Values other than zero will cause a EDNS query to be sent.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+edns=#</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause a
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync EDNS query to be sent. <code class="option">+noedns</code> clears the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync remembered EDNS version.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync format with human-readable comments. The default is to print
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync of the <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> output.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]onesoa</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Print only one (starting) SOA record when performing
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync an AXFR. The default is to print both the starting and
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync ending SOA records.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]fail</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]besteffort</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The default is to not display malformed answers.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync in the OPT record in the additional section of the query.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sigchase</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+trusted-key=####</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used with
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="option">+sigchase</code>. Each DNSKEY record must be
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync on its own line.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync If not specified, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will look for
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="filename">/etc/trusted-key.key</code> then
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="filename">trusted-key.key</code> in the current directory.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]topdown</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync validation.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nsid</code></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending a query.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The BIND 9 implementation of <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync supporting the <code class="option">-f</code> batch file option). Each of those
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync In this case, each <em class="parameter"><code>query</code></em> argument
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync represent an
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync should be applied to that query.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync the <code class="option">+[no]cmd</code> option) can be
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsyncdig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync shows how <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> could be used from the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync command line
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync to make three lookups: an ANY query for <code class="literal">www.isc.org</code>, a
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync A global query option of <em class="parameter"><code>+qr</code></em> is
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync applied, so
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> shows the initial query it made
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync lookup. The final query has a local query option of
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>+noqr</code></em> which means that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync If <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync reply from the server.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync the <code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</code> environment variable.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> runs.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync There are probably too many query options.
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