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ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder - Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
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ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<a name="man.dig"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [@server] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>name:key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</p></div>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>]</p></div>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<a name="id2533166"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder (domain information groper) is a flexible tool
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder were queried. Most DNS administrators use <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder than <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Although <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> is normally used with
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder and options is printed when the <code class="option">-h</code> option is given.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Unlike earlier versions, the BIND9 implementation of
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> allows multiple lookups to be issued
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder command line.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder When no command line arguments or options are given, will perform an
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder NS query for "." (the root).
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder It is possible to set per-user defaults for <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> via
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>. This file is read and
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder any options in it
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder are applied before the command line arguments.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<a name="id2533241"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> looks like:
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<pre class="programlisting"> dig @server name type </pre>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> resolves that name before
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder querying that name
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder server. If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder argument is provided,
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> consults <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder server that responds is displayed.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder indicates what type of query is required —
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder The <code class="option">-b</code> option sets the source IP address of the query
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder to <em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>. This must be a valid
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder may be specified by appending "#<port>"
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <code class="option">-c</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for CHAOSNET records.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder The <code class="option">-f</code> option makes <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder file <em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>. The file contains a
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organised in
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder the same way they would be presented as queries to
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> using the command-line interface.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <code class="option">-p</code> option is used. <em class="parameter"><code>port#</code></em> is
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder the port number that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send its
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder on a non-standard port number.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder The <code class="option">-4</code> option forces <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder use IPv4 query transport. The <code class="option">-6</code> option forces
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to only use IPv6 query transport.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder The <code class="option">-t</code> option sets the query type to
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>. It can be any valid query type
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder supported in BIND9. The default query type "A", unless the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <code class="option">-x</code> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> is set to <code class="literal">ixfr=N</code>.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder The <code class="option">-q</code> option sets the query name to
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>. This useful do distingish the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from other arguements.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Reverse lookups - mapping addresses to names - are simplified by the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <code class="option">-x</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder When this option is used, there is no need to provide the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> and
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> arguments. <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder automatically performs a lookup for a name like
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <code class="literal">11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</code> and sets the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder query type and
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder specify the <code class="option">-i</code> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder are now experimental and are not attempted.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder To sign the DNS queries sent by <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder using the <code class="option">-k</code> option. You can also specify the TSIG
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder key itself on the command line using the <code class="option">-y</code> option;
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> is the name of the TSIG key and
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>key</code></em> is the actual key. The key is a
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder encoded string, typically generated by
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Caution should be taken when using the <code class="option">-y</code> option on
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder or in the shell's history file. When
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder using TSIG authentication with <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>, the name
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements in
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<a name="id2534702"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder provides a number of query options which affect
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder and retry strategies.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder (<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder option. These may be preceded
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder by the string <code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder that keyword. Other
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder The query options are:
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder behaviour is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder requested, in
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder which case a TCP connection is used.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vc</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder syntax to <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]tcp</code></em> is
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder provided for backwards
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit".
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ignore</code></span></dt>
a255351561838b3743d03c1629d335cfb8b83804Christian Maeder Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder default, TCP retries are performed.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+domain=somename</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Set the search list to contain the single domain
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>somename</code></em>, as if specified in
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> directive in
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, and enable
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder processing as if the <em class="parameter"><code>+search</code></em>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder option were given.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]search</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder directive in <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (if
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder The search list is not used by default.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]showsearch</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]defname</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Deprecated, treated as a synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]search</code></em>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaonly</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaflag</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]aaonly</code></em>.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]adflag</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. The
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder currently has a standard meaning only in responses, not in
c35eca8dfd27b9c92e6d041d795dddefc445049eChristian Maeder but the ability to set the bit in the query is provided for
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder completeness.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cl</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlid</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]recurse</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder This bit is set by default, which means <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder when the <em class="parameter"><code>+nssearch</code></em> or
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>+trace</code></em> query options are
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nssearch</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder When this option is set, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder attempts to find the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trace</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder tracing is enabled, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> makes
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder iterative queries to
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder resolve the lookup.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cmd</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder the version of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and the query
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder options that have
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder been applied. This comment is printed by default.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder verbose form.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]identify</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder answer when the <em class="parameter"><code>+short</code></em> option
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder is enabled. If
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder source address and port number of the server that provided the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder print comments.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]stats</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder to print the query statistics.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]qr</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Print [do not print] the query as it is sent.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder By default, the query is not printed.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]question</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder returned. The default is to print the question section as a
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]answer</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder is to display it.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]authority</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder default is to display it.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]additional</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder The default is to display it.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Set or clear all display flags.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+time=T</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Sets the timeout for a query to
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> seconds. The default time
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder out is 5 seconds.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder An attempt to set <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> to less
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder than 1 will result
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+tries=T</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, 3.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> is less than or equal to
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder zero, the number of
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder tries is silently rounded up to 1.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+retry=T</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, 2.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>+tries</code></em>, this does not include
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+ndots=D</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Set the number of dots that have to appear in
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>D</code></em> for it to be
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder considered absolute. The default value is that defined using
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder ndots statement in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, or 1 if no
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder interpreted as
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <code class="option">search</code> or <code class="option">domain</code> directive in
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+bufsize=B</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>B</code></em> bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder this range are rounded up or down appropriately.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Values other than zero will cause a EDNS query to be sent.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+edns=#</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause a
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder EDNS query to be sent. <code class="option">+noedns</code> clears the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder remembered EDNS version.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder format with human-readable comments. The default is to print
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder of the <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> output.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]fail</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]besteffort</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder The default is to not display malformed answers.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder in the OPT record in the additional section of the query.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sigchase</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+trusted-key=####</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used with
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <code class="option">+sigchase</code>. Each DNSKEY record must be
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder on its own line.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder If not specified <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will look for
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <code class="filename">/etc/trusted-key.key</code> then
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <code class="filename">trusted-key.key</code> in the current directory.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]topdown</code></span></dt>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top down
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<a name="id2606960"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder The BIND 9 implementation of <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder supporting the <code class="option">-f</code> batch file option). Each of those
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder In this case, each <em class="parameter"><code>query</code></em> argument
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder should be applied to that query.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder the <code class="option">+[no]cmd</code> option) can be
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maederdig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder shows how <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> could be used from the
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder to make three lookups: an ANY query for <code class="literal">www.isc.org</code>, a
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder A global query option of <em class="parameter"><code>+qr</code></em> is
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> shows the initial query it made
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder lookup. The final query has a local query option of
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <em class="parameter"><code>+noqr</code></em> which means that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<a name="id2615578"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder If <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder reply from the server.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder the <code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</code> environment variable.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> runs.
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<p><code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
ff2dfea96884df13d76e5c282bef6f8c89a8b24aChristian Maeder There are probably too many query options.
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