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71cef386fae61275b03e203825680b39fedaa8c6Tinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein -
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af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<hr>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</div>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<div class="refentry" lang="en">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="man.dig"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="refnamediv">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<h2>Name</h2>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>dig &#8212; DNS lookup utility</p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</div>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<h2>Synopsis</h2>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [@server] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m</code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]name:key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</p></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>]</p></div>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User</div>
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<a name="id2616120"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (domain information groper) is a flexible tool
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein were queried. Most DNS administrators use <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User Although <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> is normally used with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command-line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User and options is printed when the <code class="option">-h</code> option is given.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> allows multiple lookups to be issued
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User from the
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User command line.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed in
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. If no usable server addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are found, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send the query to the local
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User host.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<p>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater When no command line arguments or options are given,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform an NS query for "." (the root).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater<p>
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater It is possible to set per-user defaults for <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> via
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>. This file is read and
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews any options in it
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater are applied before the command line arguments.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce domain names. Either use the <code class="option">-t</code> and
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <code class="option">-c</code> options to specify the type and class,
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce use the <code class="option">-q</code> the specify the domain name, or
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce </p>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce</div>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<a name="id2616222"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<p>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> looks like:
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce </p>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<pre class="programlisting"> dig @server name type </pre>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<p>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce where:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User </p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<div class="variablelist"><dl>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dd>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User can be an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a hostname,
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> resolves that name before querying
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User that name server.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User provided, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> consults
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>; if an
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User address is found there, it queries the name server at
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User that address. If either of the <code class="option">-4</code> or
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User <code class="option">-6</code> options are in use, then
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User only addresses for the corresponding transport
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User will be tried. If no usable addresses are found,
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send the query to the
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User local host. The reply from the name server that
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt responds is displayed.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User</dd>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dd><p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p></dd>
ffe29868b4bbc64953fc5d0de51f988c20158967Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
ffe29868b4bbc64953fc5d0de51f988c20158967Tinderbox User<dd><p>
ffe29868b4bbc64953fc5d0de51f988c20158967Tinderbox User indicates what type of query is required &#8212;
ffe29868b4bbc64953fc5d0de51f988c20158967Tinderbox User ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
ffe29868b4bbc64953fc5d0de51f988c20158967Tinderbox User <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
ffe29868b4bbc64953fc5d0de51f988c20158967Tinderbox User type. If no
ffe29868b4bbc64953fc5d0de51f988c20158967Tinderbox User <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
ffe29868b4bbc64953fc5d0de51f988c20158967Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
ffe29868b4bbc64953fc5d0de51f988c20158967Tinderbox User A record.
ffe29868b4bbc64953fc5d0de51f988c20158967Tinderbox User </p></dd>
ffe29868b4bbc64953fc5d0de51f988c20158967Tinderbox User</dl></div>
ffe29868b4bbc64953fc5d0de51f988c20158967Tinderbox User<p>
ffe29868b4bbc64953fc5d0de51f988c20158967Tinderbox User </p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User</div>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<a name="id2616417"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<div class="variablelist"><dl>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dd><p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User Use IPv4 only.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p></dd>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dd><p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User Use IPv6 only.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p></dd>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address[<span class="optional">#port</span>]</code></em></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dd><p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User Set the source IP address of the query.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User The <em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em> must be a valid address on
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User one of the host's network interfaces, or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User optional port may be specified by appending "#&lt;port&gt;"
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p></dd>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dd><p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User Set the query class. The
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User default <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is IN; other classes
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User are HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p></dd>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dd><p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User Batch mode: <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> reads a list of lookup
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User requests to process from the
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User given <em class="parameter"><code>file</code></em>. Each line in the file
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User should be organized in the same way they would be
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User presented as queries to
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> using the command-line interface.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p></dd>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-i</span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dd><p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User Do reverse IPv6 lookups using the obsolete RFC1886 IP6.INT
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User domain, which is no longer in use. Obsolete bit string
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User label queries (RFC2874) are not attempted.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p></dd>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dd><p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User Sign queries using TSIG using a key read from the given file.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User Key files can be generated using
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tsig-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User When using TSIG authentication with <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>,
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User the name server that is queried needs to know the key and
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User algorithm that is being used. In BIND, this is done by
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User providing appropriate <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User and <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p></dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-m</span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dd><p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User Enable memory usage debugging.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p></dd>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dd><p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User Send the query to a non-standard port on the server,
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User instead of the defaut port 53. This option would be used
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User to test a name server that has been configured to listen
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User for queries on a non-standard port number.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p></dd>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dd><p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User The domain name to query. This is useful to distinguish
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User the <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from other arguments.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p></dd>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dd><p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The resource record type to query. It can be any valid query type
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User which is
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User <code class="option">-x</code> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required, set the
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> to <code class="literal">ixfr=N</code>.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User made to the zone since the serial number in the zone's SOA
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User record was
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User <em class="parameter"><code>N</code></em>.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User </p></dd>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dd><p>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User Print the version number and exit.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User </p></dd>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dd><p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User Simplified reverse lookups, for mapping addresses to
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User names. The <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is an IPv4 address
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User address. When the <code class="option">-x</code> is used, there is no
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User need to provide
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User the <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User and <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User arguments. <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> automatically performs a
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User lookup for a name like
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User <code class="literal">94.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa</code> and sets the
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User query type and class to PTR and IN respectively. IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses are looked up using nibble format under the
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User IP6.ARPA domain (but see also the <code class="option">-i</code>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User option).
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]keyname:secret</code></em></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dd>
4abdfc917e6635a7c81d1f931a0c79227e72d025Mark Andrews<p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User Sign queries using TSIG with the given authentication key.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <em class="parameter"><code>keyname</code></em> is the name of the key, and
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <em class="parameter"><code>secret</code></em> is the base64 encoded shared secret.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the name of the key algorithm;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt valid choices are <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>, or
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code>. If <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em>
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater is not specified, the default is <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<p>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews NOTE: You should use the <code class="option">-k</code> option and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein avoid the <code class="option">-y</code> option, because
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with <code class="option">-y</code> the shared secret is supplied as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a command line argument in clear text. This may be visible
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User in the output from
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt or in a history file maintained by the user's shell.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User</dl></div>
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater</div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<a name="id2667654"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein provides a number of query options which affect
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and retry strategies.
56bd026e6c96482dccab83778bf8f9c92c36bf11Tinderbox User </p>
56bd026e6c96482dccab83778bf8f9c92c36bf11Tinderbox User<p>
56bd026e6c96482dccab83778bf8f9c92c36bf11Tinderbox User Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
56bd026e6c96482dccab83778bf8f9c92c36bf11Tinderbox User (<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
56bd026e6c96482dccab83778bf8f9c92c36bf11Tinderbox User option. These may be preceded
56bd026e6c96482dccab83778bf8f9c92c36bf11Tinderbox User by the string <code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of
56bd026e6c96482dccab83778bf8f9c92c36bf11Tinderbox User that keyword. Other
56bd026e6c96482dccab83778bf8f9c92c36bf11Tinderbox User keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
56bd026e6c96482dccab83778bf8f9c92c36bf11Tinderbox User have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The query options are:
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews </p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="variablelist"><dl>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaflag</code></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]aaonly</code></em>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaonly</code></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]additional</code></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dd><p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User Display [do not display] the additional section of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reply. The default is to display it.
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User </p></dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]adflag</code></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dd><p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query. This requests the server to return whether
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt all of the answer and authority sections have all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein been validated as secure according to the security
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have been validated as secure and the answer is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews of the answer was insecure or not validated. This
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews bit is set by default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dd><p>
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User Set or clear all display flags.
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User </p></dd>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]answer</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dd><p>
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User Display [do not display] the answer section of a
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User reply. The default is to display it.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User </p></dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]authority</code></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dd><p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User Display [do not display] the authority section of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reply. The default is to display it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]besteffort</code></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Attempt to display the contents of messages which are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein malformed. The default is to not display malformed
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews answers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+bufsize=B</code></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <em class="parameter"><code>B</code></em> bytes. The maximum and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Values outside this range are rounded up or down
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appropriately. Values other than zero will cause a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt EDNS query to be sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the query. This requests the server to not perform
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC validation of responses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cl</code></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cmd</code></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein output identifying the version of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the query options that have been applied. This
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User comment is printed by default.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User </p></dd>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Toggle the display of comment lines in the output.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is to print comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]crypto</code></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User records. The contents of these field are unnecessary
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User to debug most DNSSEC validation failures and removing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein them makes it easier to see the common failures. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default is to display the fields. When omitted they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein e.g. "[ key id = value ]".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]defname</code></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Deprecated, treated as a synonym for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]search</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the query.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
350e5eecadfc5ee72b11b2cc46828c9a0bcd717cTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+domain=somename</code></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Set the search list to contain the single domain
<em class="parameter"><code>somename</code></em>, as if specified in
a <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> directive in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, and enable
search list processing as if the
<em class="parameter"><code>+search</code></em> option were given.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+dscp=value</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the DSCP code point to be used when sending the
query. Valid DSCP code points are in the range
[0..63]. By default no code point is explicitly set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]edns[=#]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause
a EDNS query to be sent. <code class="option">+noedns</code>
clears the remembered EDNS version. EDNS is set to
0 by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsflags[=#]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the must-be-zero EDNS flags bits (Z bits) to the
specified value. Decimal, hex and octal encodings are
accepted. Setting a named flag (e.g. DO) will silently be
ignored. By default, no Z bits are set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsnegotiation</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Enable / disable EDNS version negotiation. By default
EDNS version negotiation is enabled.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsopt[=code[:value]]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify EDNS option with code point <code class="option">code</code>
and optionally payload of <code class="option">value</code> as a
hexadecimal string. <code class="option">+noednsopt</code>
clears the EDNS options to be sent.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]expire</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Send an EDNS Expire option.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]fail</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL.
The default is to not try the next server which is
the reverse of normal stub resolver behavior.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]header-only</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Send a query with a DNS header without a question section.
The default is to add a question section. The query type
and query name are ignored when this is set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]identify</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number
that supplied the answer when the
<em class="parameter"><code>+short</code></em> option is enabled. If
short form answers are requested, the default is not
to show the source address and port number of the
server that provided the answer.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ignore</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying
with TCP. By default, TCP retries are performed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]keepopen</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Keep the TCP socket open between queries and reuse
it rather than creating a new TCP socket for each
lookup. The default is <code class="option">+nokeepopen</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print records like the SOA records in a verbose
multi-line format with human-readable comments. The
default is to print each record on a single line, to
facilitate machine parsing of the <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
output.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+ndots=D</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the number of dots that have to appear in
<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>D</code></em>
for it to be considered absolute. The default value
is that defined using the ndots statement in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, or 1 if no
ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots
are interpreted as relative names and will be searched
for in the domains listed in the <code class="option">search</code>
or <code class="option">domain</code> directive in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code> if
<code class="option">+search</code> is set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nsid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending
a query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nssearch</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When this option is set, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
attempts to find the authoritative name servers for
the zone containing the name being looked up and
display the SOA record that each name server has for
the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]onesoa</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print only one (starting) SOA record when performing
an AXFR. The default is to print both the starting
and ending SOA records.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]opcode=value</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [restore] the DNS message opcode to the specified
value. The default value is QUERY (0).
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]qr</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. By
default, the query is not printed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]question</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print [do not print] the question section of a query
when an answer is returned. The default is to print
the question section as a comment.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]recurse</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit
in the query. This bit is set by default, which means
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> normally sends recursive
queries. Recursion is automatically disabled when
the <em class="parameter"><code>+nssearch</code></em> or
<em class="parameter"><code>+trace</code></em> query options are used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+retry=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to
server to <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the
default, 2. Unlike <em class="parameter"><code>+tries</code></em>,
this does not include the initial query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]rrcomments</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of per-record comments in the
output (for example, human-readable key information
about DNSKEY records). The default is not to print
record comments unless multiline mode is active.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]search</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use [do not use] the search list defined by the
searchlist or domain directive in
<code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (if any). The search
list is not used by default.
</p>
<p>
'ndots' from <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (default 1)
which may be overridden by <em class="parameter"><code>+ndots</code></em>
determines if the name will be treated as relative
or not and hence whether a search is eventually
performed or not.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the
answer in a verbose form.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]showsearch</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
results.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sigchase</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be
compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sit[<span class="optional">=####</span>]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Send a Source Identity Token EDNS option, with optional
value. Replaying a SIT from a previous response will
allow the server to identify a previous client. The
default is <code class="option">+nosit</code>. Currently using
experimental value 65001 for the option code.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+split=W</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource
records into chunks of <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em>
characters (where <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em> is rounded
up to the nearest multiple of 4).
<em class="parameter"><code>+nosplit</code></em> or
<em class="parameter"><code>+split=0</code></em> causes fields not to
be split at all. The default is 56 characters, or
44 characters when multiline mode is active.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]stats</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
This query option toggles the printing of statistics:
when the query was made, the size of the reply and
so on. The default behavior is to print the query
statistics.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]subnet=addr/prefix</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Send an EDNS Client Subnet option with the specified
IP address or network prefix.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The
default behavior is to use UDP unless an
<code class="literal">ixfr=N</code> query is requested, in which
case the default is TCP. AXFR queries always use
TCP.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+timeout=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the timeout for a query to
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> seconds. The default
timeout is 5 seconds.
An attempt to set <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> to less
than 1 will result
in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]topdown</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down
validation. Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trace</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root
name servers for the name being looked up. Tracing
is disabled by default. When tracing is enabled,
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> makes iterative queries to
resolve the name being looked up. It will follow
referrals from the root servers, showing the answer
from each server that was used to resolve the lookup.
</p>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">+dnssec</strong></span> is also set when +trace
is set to better emulate the default queries from a
nameserver.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+tries=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server
to <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default,
3. If <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> is less than or equal
to zero, the number of tries is silently rounded up
to 1.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+trusted-key=####</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used
with <code class="option">+sigchase</code>. Each DNSKEY record
must be on its own line.
</p>
<p>
If not specified, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will look
for <code class="filename">/etc/trusted-key.key</code> then
<code class="filename">trusted-key.key</code> in the current
directory.
</p>
<p>
Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the
record.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlunits</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the TTL in friendly human-readable
time units of "s", "m", "h", "d", and "w", representing
seconds, minutes, hours, days and weeks. Implies +ttlid.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vc</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This
alternate syntax to <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]tcp</code></em>
is provided for backwards compatibility. The "vc"
stands for "virtual circuit".
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]zflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [do not set] the last unassigned DNS header flag in a
DNS query. This flag is off by default.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2668955"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
<p>
The BIND 9 implementation of <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
supports
specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
supporting the <code class="option">-f</code> batch file option). Each of those
queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
options.
</p>
<p>
In this case, each <em class="parameter"><code>query</code></em> argument
represent an
individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
should be applied to that query.
</p>
<p>
A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
the <code class="option">+[no]cmd</code> option) can be
overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
</pre>
<p>
shows how <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> could be used from the
command line
to make three lookups: an ANY query for <code class="literal">www.isc.org</code>, a
reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
A global query option of <em class="parameter"><code>+qr</code></em> is
applied, so
that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> shows the initial query it made
for each
lookup. The final query has a local query option of
<em class="parameter"><code>+noqr</code></em> which means that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2669041"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
<p>
If <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of
domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
reply from the server.
If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
the <code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</code> environment variable.
The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> runs.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2669069"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
</p>
<p><code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2669159"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC1035</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2669196"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
There are probably too many query options.
</p>
</div>
</div>
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