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fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - Copyright (C) 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<a name="man.dig"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [@server] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m</code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]name:key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</p></div>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>]</p></div>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<a name="id2563888"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson (domain information groper) is a flexible tool
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson were queried. Most DNS administrators use <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson than <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Although <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> is normally used with
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson and options is printed when the <code class="option">-h</code> option is given.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> allows multiple lookups to be issued
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson When no command line arguments or options are given,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform an NS query for "." (the root).
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson It is possible to set per-user defaults for <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> via
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>. This file is read and
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson any options in it
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson are applied before the command line arguments.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson domains names. Either use the <code class="option">-t</code> and
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <code class="option">-c</code> options to specify the type and class,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson use the <code class="option">-q</code> the specify the domain name, or
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<a name="id2570400"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> looks like:
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<pre class="programlisting"> dig @server name type </pre>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> resolves that name before
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson querying that name
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson server. If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson argument is provided,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> consults <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson server that responds is displayed.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson indicates what type of query is required —
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson The <code class="option">-b</code> option sets the source IP address of the query
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson to <em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>. This must be a valid
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson may be specified by appending "#<port>"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <code class="option">-c</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson The <code class="option">-f</code> option makes <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson file <em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>. The file contains a
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson the same way they would be presented as queries to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> using the command-line interface.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson The <code class="option">-m</code> option enables memory usage debugging.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <code class="option">-p</code> option is used. <em class="parameter"><code>port#</code></em> is
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson the port number that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send its
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson on a non-standard port number.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson The <code class="option">-4</code> option forces <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson use IPv4 query transport. The <code class="option">-6</code> option forces
41a0c85888807051d146da9449580bbf0fe150b0Andreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to only use IPv6 query transport.
41a0c85888807051d146da9449580bbf0fe150b0Andreas Gustafsson The <code class="option">-t</code> option sets the query type to
41a0c85888807051d146da9449580bbf0fe150b0Andreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>. It can be any valid query type
41a0c85888807051d146da9449580bbf0fe150b0Andreas Gustafsson supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the
41a0c85888807051d146da9449580bbf0fe150b0Andreas Gustafsson <code class="option">-x</code> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
41a0c85888807051d146da9449580bbf0fe150b0Andreas Gustafsson A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
41a0c85888807051d146da9449580bbf0fe150b0Andreas Gustafsson an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> is set to <code class="literal">ixfr=N</code>.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>N</code></em>.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson The <code class="option">-q</code> option sets the query name to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>. This useful do distinguish the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from other arguments.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Reverse lookups — mapping addresses to names — are simplified by the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <code class="option">-x</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson When this option is used, there is no need to provide the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> and
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> arguments. <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson automatically performs a lookup for a name like
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <code class="literal">11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</code> and sets the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson query type and
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson specify the <code class="option">-i</code> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson are now experimental and are not attempted.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson To sign the DNS queries sent by <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and
b6a370c37fd21719c81065f0ec028254ba10c835Andreas Gustafsson responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file
b6a370c37fd21719c81065f0ec028254ba10c835Andreas Gustafsson using the <code class="option">-k</code> option. You can also specify the TSIG
b6a370c37fd21719c81065f0ec028254ba10c835Andreas Gustafsson key itself on the command line using the <code class="option">-y</code> option;
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC-MD5,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> is the name of the TSIG key and
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>key</code></em> is the actual key. The key is a
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson encoded string, typically generated by
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Caution should be taken when using the <code class="option">-y</code> option on
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson or in the shell's history file. When
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson using TSIG authentication with <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>, the name
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements in
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<a name="id2630518"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson provides a number of query options which affect
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson and retry strategies.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson (<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson option. These may be preceded
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson by the string <code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson that keyword. Other
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson The query options are:
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson behavior is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson which case a TCP connection is used.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vc</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson syntax to <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]tcp</code></em> is
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson provided for backwards
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit".
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ignore</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson default, TCP retries are performed.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+domain=somename</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Set the search list to contain the single domain
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>somename</code></em>, as if specified in
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> directive in
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, and enable
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson processing as if the <em class="parameter"><code>+search</code></em>
41a0c85888807051d146da9449580bbf0fe150b0Andreas Gustafsson option were given.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]search</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson directive in <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (if
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson The search list is not used by default.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]showsearch</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]defname</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Deprecated, treated as a synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]search</code></em>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaonly</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaflag</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]aaonly</code></em>.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]adflag</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson query. This requests the server to return whether
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson all of the answer and authority sections have all
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson been validated as secure according to the security
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson have been validated as secure and the answer is not
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson of the answer was insecure or not validated.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cl</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlid</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]recurse</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson This bit is set by default, which means <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson when the <em class="parameter"><code>+nssearch</code></em> or
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>+trace</code></em> query options are
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nssearch</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson When this option is set, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson attempts to find the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trace</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson tracing is enabled, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> makes
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson iterative queries to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson resolve the lookup.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cmd</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson the version of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and the query
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson options that have
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson been applied. This comment is printed by default.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]identify</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson answer when the <em class="parameter"><code>+short</code></em> option
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson is enabled. If
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson source address and port number of the server that provided the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson print comments.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]stats</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson to print the query statistics.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]qr</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Print [do not print] the query as it is sent.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson By default, the query is not printed.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]question</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson returned. The default is to print the question section as a
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]answer</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson is to display it.
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]authority</code></span></dt>
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson default is to display it.
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]additional</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson The default is to display it.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Set or clear all display flags.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+time=T</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Sets the timeout for a query to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> seconds. The default
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson timeout is 5 seconds.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson An attempt to set <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> to less
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson than 1 will result
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+tries=T</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, 3.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> is less than or equal to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson zero, the number of
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson tries is silently rounded up to 1.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+retry=T</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, 2.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>+tries</code></em>, this does not include
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+ndots=D</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Set the number of dots that have to appear in
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>D</code></em> for it to be
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson considered absolute. The default value is that defined using
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson ndots statement in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, or 1 if no
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson interpreted as
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <code class="option">search</code> or <code class="option">domain</code> directive in
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+bufsize=B</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>B</code></em> bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson this range are rounded up or down appropriately.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Values other than zero will cause a EDNS query to be sent.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+edns=#</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause a
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson EDNS query to be sent. <code class="option">+noedns</code> clears the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson remembered EDNS version.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line
41a0c85888807051d146da9449580bbf0fe150b0Andreas Gustafsson format with human-readable comments. The default is to print
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson of the <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> output.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]fail</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]besteffort</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson The default is to not display malformed answers.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson in the OPT record in the additional section of the query.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sigchase</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+trusted-key=####</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used with
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <code class="option">+sigchase</code>. Each DNSKEY record must be
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson on its own line.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson If not specified, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will look for
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <code class="filename">/etc/trusted-key.key</code> then
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <code class="filename">trusted-key.key</code> in the current directory.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]topdown</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nsid</code></span></dt>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending a query.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<a name="id2631655"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson The BIND 9 implementation of <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson supporting the <code class="option">-f</code> batch file option). Each of those
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson In this case, each <em class="parameter"><code>query</code></em> argument
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson should be applied to that query.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson the <code class="option">+[no]cmd</code> option) can be
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssondig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson shows how <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> could be used from the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson to make three lookups: an ANY query for <code class="literal">www.isc.org</code>, a
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson A global query option of <em class="parameter"><code>+qr</code></em> is
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> shows the initial query it made
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson lookup. The final query has a local query option of
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>+noqr</code></em> which means that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<a name="id2631740"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson If <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson reply from the server.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson the <code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</code> environment variable.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> runs.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<p><code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson There are probably too many query options.
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