2362N/A - Copyright (C) 2004-2015 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") 0N/A - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium. 0N/A - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any 0N/A - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 2362N/A - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 2362N/A - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH 0N/A - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY 0N/A - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, 0N/A - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM 0N/A - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE 0N/A - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR 0N/A - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 0N/A<
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table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
0N/A<
tr><
th colspan="3" align="center">dig</
th></
tr>
0N/A<
td width="20%" align="left">
0N/A<
th width="60%" align="center">Manual pages</
th>
0N/A<
div class="refentry">
0N/A<
a name="man.dig"></
a><
div class="titlepage"></
div>
0N/A<
div class="refnamediv">
0N/A<
p>dig — DNS lookup utility</
p>
0N/A<
div class="refsynopsisdiv">
0N/A<
div class="cmdsynopsis"><
p><
code class="command">dig</
code> [@server] [<
code class="option">-b <
em class="replaceable"><
code>address</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-c <
em class="replaceable"><
code>class</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-f <
em class="replaceable"><
code>filename</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-k <
em class="replaceable"><
code>filename</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-m</
code>] [<
code class="option">-p <
em class="replaceable"><
code>port#</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-q <
em class="replaceable"><
code>name</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-t <
em class="replaceable"><
code>type</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-v</
code>] [<
code class="option">-x <
em class="replaceable"><
code>addr</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-y <
em class="replaceable"><
code>[<
span class="optional">hmac:</
span>]name:key</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-4</
code>] [<
code class="option">-6</
code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</
p></
div>
0N/A<
div class="cmdsynopsis"><
p><
code class="command">dig</
code> [<
code class="option">-h</
code>]</
p></
div>
0N/A<
div class="cmdsynopsis"><
p><
code class="command">dig</
code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</
p></
div>
0N/A<
div class="refsection">
0N/A<
a name="id-1.14.2.7"></
a><
h2>DESCRIPTION</
h2>
0N/A<
p><
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span>
0N/A (domain information groper) is a flexible tool
0N/A for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
0N/A displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
0N/A were queried. Most DNS administrators use <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> to
0N/A troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
0N/A clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
0N/A than <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span>.
0N/A Although <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> is normally used with
0N/A arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
0N/A requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
0N/A and options is printed when the <
code class="option">-h</
code> option is given.
0N/A Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of
0N/A <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> allows multiple lookups to be issued
0N/A Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
0N/A <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> will try each of the servers listed in
0N/A are found, <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> will send the query to the local
0N/A When no command line arguments or options are given,
0N/A <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> will perform an NS query for "." (the root).
0N/A It is possible to set per-user defaults for <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> via
0N/A <
code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</
code>. This file is read and
0N/A are applied before the command line arguments.
0N/A The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level
0N/A domain names. Either use the <
code class="option">-t</
code> and
0N/A <
code class="option">-c</
code> options to specify the type and class,
0N/A use the <
code class="option">-q</
code> the specify the domain name, or
0N/A use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.
0N/A<
div class="refsection">
0N/A<
a name="id-1.14.2.8"></
a><
h2>SIMPLE USAGE</
h2>
0N/A A typical invocation of <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> looks like:
0N/A<
pre class="programlisting"> dig @server name type </
pre>
0N/A<
div class="variablelist"><
dl class="variablelist">
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="constant">server</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This
0N/A can be an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
0N/A address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>server</
code></
em> argument is a hostname,
0N/A <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> resolves that name before querying
0N/A If no <
em class="parameter"><
code>server</
code></
em> argument is
0N/A provided, <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> consults
0N/A address is found there, it queries the name server at
0N/A that address. If either of the <
code class="option">-4</
code> or
0N/A <
code class="option">-6</
code> options are in use, then
0N/A only addresses for the corresponding transport
0N/A will be tried. If no usable addresses are found,
0N/A <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> will send the query to the
0N/A local host. The reply from the name server that
0N/A responds is displayed.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="constant">name</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="constant">type</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A indicates what type of query is required —
0N/A ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>type</
code></
em> can be any valid query
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>type</
code></
em> argument is supplied,
0N/A <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> will perform a lookup for an
0N/A<
div class="refsection">
0N/A<
a name="id-1.14.2.9"></
a><
h2>OPTIONS</
h2>
0N/A<
div class="variablelist"><
dl class="variablelist">
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-4</
span></
dt>
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-6</
span></
dt>
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-b <
em class="replaceable"><
code>address[<
span class="optional">#port</
span>]</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
0N/A Set the source IP address of the query.
0N/A The <
em class="parameter"><
code>address</
code></
em> must be a valid address on
0N/A one of the host's network interfaces, or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An
0N/A optional port may be specified by appending "#<port>"
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-c <
em class="replaceable"><
code>class</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
0N/A Set the query class. The
0N/A default <
em class="parameter"><
code>class</
code></
em> is IN; other classes
0N/A are HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-f <
em class="replaceable"><
code>file</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
0N/A Batch mode: <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> reads a list of lookup
0N/A requests to process from the
0N/A given <
em class="parameter"><
code>file</
code></
em>. Each line in the file
0N/A should be organized in the same way they would be
0N/A presented as queries to
0N/A <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> using the command-line interface.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-i</
span></
dt>
0N/A Do reverse IPv6 lookups using the obsolete RFC1886
IP6.INT 0N/A domain, which is no longer in use. Obsolete bit string
0N/A label queries (RFC2874) are not attempted.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-k <
em class="replaceable"><
code>keyfile</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
0N/A Sign queries using TSIG using a key read from the given file.
0N/A Key files can be generated using
0N/A <
span class="citerefentry"><
span class="refentrytitle">tsig-keygen</
span>(8)</
span>.
0N/A When using TSIG authentication with <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span>,
0N/A the name server that is queried needs to know the key and
0N/A algorithm that is being used. In BIND, this is done by
0N/A providing appropriate <
span class="command"><
strong>key</
strong></
span>
0N/A and <
span class="command"><
strong>server</
strong></
span> statements in
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-m</
span></
dt>
0N/A Enable memory usage debugging.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-p <
em class="replaceable"><
code>port</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
0N/A Send the query to a non-standard port on the server,
0N/A instead of the default port 53. This option would be used
0N/A to test a name server that has been configured to listen
0N/A for queries on a non-standard port number.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-q <
em class="replaceable"><
code>name</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
0N/A The domain name to query. This is useful to distinguish
0N/A the <
em class="parameter"><
code>name</
code></
em> from other arguments.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-t <
em class="replaceable"><
code>type</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
0N/A The resource record type to query. It can be any valid query type
0N/A supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the
0N/A <
code class="option">-x</
code> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
0N/A A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
0N/A an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required, set the
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>type</
code></
em> to <
code class="literal">ixfr=N</
code>.
0N/A The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes
0N/A made to the zone since the serial number in the zone's SOA
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>N</
code></
em>.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-v</
span></
dt>
0N/A Print the version number and exit.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-x <
em class="replaceable"><
code>addr</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
0N/A Simplified reverse lookups, for mapping addresses to
0N/A names. The <
em class="parameter"><
code>addr</
code></
em> is an IPv4 address
0N/A in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6
0N/A address. When the <
code class="option">-x</
code> is used, there is no
0N/A the <
em class="parameter"><
code>name</
code></
em>, <
em class="parameter"><
code>class</
code></
em>
0N/A and <
em class="parameter"><
code>type</
code></
em>
0N/A arguments. <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> automatically performs a
0N/A lookup for a name like
0N/A query type and class to PTR and IN respectively. IPv6
0N/A addresses are looked up using nibble format under the
0N/A IP6.ARPA domain (but see also the <
code class="option">-i</
code>
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-y <
em class="replaceable"><
code>[<
span class="optional">hmac:</
span>]keyname:secret</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
0N/A Sign queries using TSIG with the given authentication key.
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>keyname</
code></
em> is the name of the key, and
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>secret</
code></
em> is the base64 encoded shared secret.
0N/A <
em class="parameter"><
code>hmac</
code></
em> is the name of the key algorithm;
0N/A valid choices are <
code class="literal">hmac-md5</
code>,
0N/A <
code class="literal">hmac-sha1</
code>, <
code class="literal">hmac-sha224</
code>,
0N/A <
code class="literal">hmac-sha256</
code>, <
code class="literal">hmac-sha384</
code>, or
0N/A <
code class="literal">hmac-sha512</
code>. If <
em class="parameter"><
code>hmac</
code></
em>
0N/A is not specified, the default is <
code class="literal">hmac-md5</
code>.
0N/A NOTE: You should use the <
code class="option">-k</
code> option and
0N/A avoid the <
code class="option">-y</
code> option, because
0N/A with <
code class="option">-y</
code> the shared secret is supplied as
0N/A a command line argument in clear text. This may be visible
0N/A <
span class="citerefentry"><
span class="refentrytitle">ps</
span>(1)</
span>
0N/A or in a history file maintained by the user's shell.
0N/A<
div class="refsection">
0N/A<
a name="id-1.14.2.10"></
a><
h2>QUERY OPTIONS</
h2>
0N/A<
p><
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span>
0N/A provides a number of query options which affect
0N/A the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
0N/A these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
0N/A sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
0N/A and retry strategies.
0N/A Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
0N/A (<
code class="literal">+</
code>). Some keywords set or reset an
0N/A option. These may be preceded
0N/A by the string <
code class="literal">no</
code> to negate the meaning of
0N/A keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
0N/A have the form <
code class="option">+keyword=value</
code>.
0N/A Keywords may be abbreviated, provided the abbreviation is
0N/A unambiguous; for example, <
code class="literal">+cd</
code> is equivalent
0N/A to <
code class="literal">+cdflag</
code>.
0N/A The query options are:
0N/A<
div class="variablelist"><
dl class="variablelist">
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]aaflag</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A A synonym for <
em class="parameter"><
code>+[no]aaonly</
code></
em>.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]aaonly</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]additional</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Display [do not display] the additional section of a
0N/A reply. The default is to display it.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]adflag</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the
0N/A query. This requests the server to return whether
0N/A all of the answer and authority sections have all
0N/A been validated as secure according to the security
0N/A policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records
0N/A have been validated as secure and the answer is not
0N/A from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part
0N/A of the answer was insecure or not validated. This
0N/A bit is set by default.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]all</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Set or clear all display flags.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]answer</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Display [do not display] the answer section of a
0N/A reply. The default is to display it.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]authority</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Display [do not display] the authority section of a
0N/A reply. The default is to display it.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]badcookie</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Retry lookup with the new server cookie if a
0N/A BADCOOKIE response is received.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]besteffort</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Attempt to display the contents of messages which are
0N/A malformed. The default is to not display malformed
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+bufsize=B</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0
0N/A to <
em class="parameter"><
code>B</
code></
em> bytes. The maximum and
0N/A minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively.
0N/A Values outside this range are rounded up or down
0N/A appropriately. Values other than zero will cause a
0N/A EDNS query to be sent.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]cdflag</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in
0N/A the query. This requests the server to not perform
0N/A DNSSEC validation of responses.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]class</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]cmd</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the
0N/A output identifying the version of <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span>
0N/A and the query options that have been applied. This
0N/A comment is printed by default.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]comments</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Toggle the display of comment lines in the output.
0N/A The default is to print comments.
0N/A<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]cookie[<
span class="optional">=####</
span>]</
code></
span></
dt>
0N/A Send a COOKIE EDNS option, with optional
0N/A value. Replaying a COOKIE from a previous response will
0N/A allow the server to identify a previous client. The
0N/A default is <
code class="option">+cookie</
code>.
<
span class="command"><
strong>+cookie</
strong></
span> is also set when +trace
is set to better emulate the default queries from a
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]crypto</
code></
span></
dt>
Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC
records. The contents of these field are unnecessary
to debug most DNSSEC validation failures and removing
them makes it easier to see the common failures. The
default is to display the fields. When omitted they
are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or in the
DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement,
e.g. "[ key id = value ]".
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]defname</
code></
span></
dt>
Deprecated, treated as a synonym for
<
em class="parameter"><
code>+[no]search</
code></
em>
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]dnssec</
code></
span></
dt>
Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC
OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+domain=somename</
code></
span></
dt>
Set the search list to contain the single domain
<
em class="parameter"><
code>somename</
code></
em>, as if specified in
a <
span class="command"><
strong>domain</
strong></
span> directive in
search list processing as if the
<
em class="parameter"><
code>+search</
code></
em> option were given.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+dscp=value</
code></
span></
dt>
Set the DSCP code point to be used when sending the
query. Valid DSCP code points are in the range
[0..63]. By default no code point is explicitly set.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]edns[=#]</
code></
span></
dt>
Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause
a EDNS query to be sent. <
code class="option">+noedns</
code>
clears the remembered EDNS version. EDNS is set to
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]ednsflags[=#]</
code></
span></
dt>
Set the must-be-zero EDNS flags bits (Z bits) to the
specified value. Decimal, hex and octal encodings are
accepted. Setting a named flag (
e.g. DO) will silently be
ignored. By default, no Z bits are set.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]ednsnegotiation</
code></
span></
dt>
Enable / disable EDNS version negotiation. By default
EDNS version negotiation is enabled.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]ednsopt[=code[:value]]</
code></
span></
dt>
Specify EDNS option with code point <
code class="option">code</
code>
and optionally payload of <
code class="option">value</
code> as a
hexadecimal string. <
code class="option">+noednsopt</
code>
clears the EDNS options to be sent.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]expire</
code></
span></
dt>
Send an EDNS Expire option.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]fail</
code></
span></
dt>
Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL.
The default is to not try the next server which is
the reverse of normal stub resolver behavior.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]header-only</
code></
span></
dt>
Send a query with a DNS header without a question section.
The default is to add a question section. The query type
and query name are ignored when this is set.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]identify</
code></
span></
dt>
Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number
that supplied the answer when the
<
em class="parameter"><
code>+short</
code></
em> option is enabled. If
short form answers are requested, the default is not
to show the source address and port number of the
server that provided the answer.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]ignore</
code></
span></
dt>
Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying
with TCP. By default, TCP retries are performed.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]keepopen</
code></
span></
dt>
Keep the TCP socket open between queries and reuse
it rather than creating a new TCP socket for each
lookup. The default is <
code class="option">+nokeepopen</
code>.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]mapped</
code></
span></
dt>
Allow mapped IPv4 over IPv6 addresses to be used. The
default is <
code class="option">+mapped</
code>.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]multiline</
code></
span></
dt>
Print records like the SOA records in a verbose
multi-line format with human-readable comments. The
default is to print each record on a single line, to
facilitate machine parsing of the <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span>
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+ndots=D</
code></
span></
dt>
Set the number of dots that have to appear in
<
em class="parameter"><
code>name</
code></
em> to <
em class="parameter"><
code>D</
code></
em>
for it to be considered absolute. The default value
is that defined using the ndots statement in
ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots
are interpreted as relative names and will be searched
for in the domains listed in the <
code class="option">search</
code>
or <
code class="option">domain</
code> directive in
<
code class="option">+search</
code> is set.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]nsid</
code></
span></
dt>
Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]nssearch</
code></
span></
dt>
When this option is set, <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span>
attempts to find the authoritative name servers for
the zone containing the name being looked up and
display the SOA record that each name server has for
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]onesoa</
code></
span></
dt>
Print only one (starting) SOA record when performing
an AXFR. The default is to print both the starting
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]opcode=value</
code></
span></
dt>
Set [restore] the DNS message opcode to the specified
value. The default value is QUERY (0).
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]qr</
code></
span></
dt>
Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. By
default, the query is not printed.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]question</
code></
span></
dt>
Print [do not print] the question section of a query
when an answer is returned. The default is to print
the question section as a comment.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]rdflag</
code></
span></
dt>
A synonym for <
em class="parameter"><
code>+[no]recurse</
code></
em>.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]recurse</
code></
span></
dt>
Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit
in the query. This bit is set by default, which means
<
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> normally sends recursive
queries. Recursion is automatically disabled when
the <
em class="parameter"><
code>+nssearch</
code></
em> or
<
em class="parameter"><
code>+trace</
code></
em> query options are used.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+retry=T</
code></
span></
dt>
Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to
server to <
em class="parameter"><
code>T</
code></
em> instead of the
default, 2. Unlike <
em class="parameter"><
code>+tries</
code></
em>,
this does not include the initial query.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]rrcomments</
code></
span></
dt>
Toggle the display of per-record comments in the
output (for example, human-readable key information
about DNSKEY records). The default is not to print
record comments unless multiline mode is active.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]search</
code></
span></
dt>
Use [do not use] the search list defined by the
searchlist or domain directive in
<
code class="filename">
resolv.conf</
code> (if any). The search
list is not used by default.
'ndots' from <
code class="filename">
resolv.conf</
code> (default 1)
which may be overridden by <
em class="parameter"><
code>+ndots</
code></
em>
determines if the name will be treated as relative
or not and hence whether a search is eventually
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]short</
code></
span></
dt>
Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the
answer in a verbose form.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]showsearch</
code></
span></
dt>
Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]sigchase</
code></
span></
dt>
Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be
compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+split=W</
code></
span></
dt>
Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource
records into chunks of <
em class="parameter"><
code>W</
code></
em>
characters (where <
em class="parameter"><
code>W</
code></
em> is rounded
up to the nearest multiple of 4).
<
em class="parameter"><
code>+nosplit</
code></
em> or
<
em class="parameter"><
code>+split=0</
code></
em> causes fields not to
be split at all. The default is 56 characters, or
44 characters when multiline mode is active.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]stats</
code></
span></
dt>
This query option toggles the printing of statistics:
when the query was made, the size of the reply and
so on. The default behavior is to print the query
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]subnet=addr[/netmask]</
code></
span></
dt>
Send (don't send) an EDNS Client Subnet option with the
specified IP address or network prefix.
<
span class="command"><
strong>dig +subnet=0.0.0.0/0</
strong></
span>, or simply
<
span class="command"><
strong>dig +subnet=0</
strong></
span> for short, sends a
Client Subnet option with an empty address and a
source prefix length of zero, which signals a resolver
that the EDNS Client Subnet option should not be used
when resolving this query.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]tcp</
code></
span></
dt>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The
default behavior is to use UDP unless an
<
code class="literal">ixfr=N</
code> query is requested, in which
case the default is TCP. AXFR queries always use
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+timeout=T</
code></
span></
dt>
Sets the timeout for a query to
<
em class="parameter"><
code>T</
code></
em> seconds. The default
An attempt to set <
em class="parameter"><
code>T</
code></
em> to less
in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]topdown</
code></
span></
dt>
When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down
validation. Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]trace</
code></
span></
dt>
Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root
name servers for the name being looked up. Tracing
is disabled by default. When tracing is enabled,
<
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> makes iterative queries to
resolve the name being looked up. It will follow
referrals from the root servers, showing the answer
from each server that was used to resolve the lookup.
If @server is also specified, it affects only the
initial query for the root zone name servers.
<
span class="command"><
strong>+dnssec</
strong></
span> is also set when +trace
is set to better emulate the default queries from a
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+tries=T</
code></
span></
dt>
Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server
to <
em class="parameter"><
code>T</
code></
em> instead of the default,
3. If <
em class="parameter"><
code>T</
code></
em> is less than or equal
to zero, the number of tries is silently rounded up
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+trusted-key=####</
code></
span></
dt>
Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used
with <
code class="option">+sigchase</
code>. Each DNSKEY record
If not specified, <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> will look
Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]ttlid</
code></
span></
dt>
Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]ttlunits</
code></
span></
dt>
Display [do not display] the TTL in friendly human-readable
time units of "s", "m", "h", "d", and "w", representing
seconds, minutes, hours, days and weeks. Implies +ttlid.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]unknownformat</
code></
span></
dt>
Print all RDATA in unknown RR type presentation format
(RFC 3597). The default is to print RDATA for known types
in the type's presentation format.
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]vc</
code></
span></
dt>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This
alternate syntax to <
em class="parameter"><
code>+[no]tcp</
code></
em>
is provided for backwards compatibility. The "vc"
stands for "virtual circuit".
<
dt><
span class="term"><
code class="option">+[no]zflag</
code></
span></
dt>
Set [do not set] the last unassigned DNS header flag in a
DNS query. This flag is off by default.
<
a name="id-1.14.2.11"></
a><
h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</
h2>
The BIND 9 implementation of <
span class="command"><
strong>dig </
strong></
span>
specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
supporting the <
code class="option">-f</
code> batch file option). Each of those
queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
In this case, each <
em class="parameter"><
code>query</
code></
em> argument
individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
should be applied to that query.
A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
the <
code class="option">+[no]cmd</
code> option) can be
overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
<
pre class="programlisting">
shows how <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> could be used from the
to make three lookups: an ANY query for <
code class="literal">
www.isc.org</
code>, a
reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
<
code class="literal">
isc.org</
code>.
A global query option of <
em class="parameter"><
code>+qr</
code></
em> is
that <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> shows the initial query it made
lookup. The final query has a local query option of
<
em class="parameter"><
code>+noqr</
code></
em> which means that <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span>
will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
<
code class="literal">
isc.org</
code>.
<
a name="id-1.14.2.12"></
a><
h2>IDN SUPPORT</
h2>
If <
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
<
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> appropriately converts character encoding of
domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
the <
code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</
code> environment variable.
The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
<
span class="command"><
strong>dig</
strong></
span> runs.
<
a name="id-1.14.2.13"></
a><
h2>FILES</
h2>
<
p><
code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</
code>
<
a name="id-1.14.2.14"></
a><
h2>SEE ALSO</
h2>
<
p><
span class="citerefentry"><
span class="refentrytitle">host</
span>(1)</
span>,
<
span class="citerefentry"><
span class="refentrytitle">named</
span>(8)</
span>,
<
span class="citerefentry"><
span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</
span>(8)</
span>,
<
em class="citetitle">RFC1035</
em>.
<
a name="id-1.14.2.15"></
a><
h2>BUGS</
h2>
There are probably too many query options.
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