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b0e8629055a766d4555a005a283c2889a5974945Mark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
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5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
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5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="man.dig"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [@server] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]name:key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</p></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>]</p></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (domain information groper) is a flexible tool
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews were queried. Most DNS administrators use <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews than <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Although <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> is normally used with
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews command-line
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and options is printed when the <code class="option">-h</code> option is given.
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> allows multiple lookups to be issued
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews command line.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When no command line arguments or options are given, will perform an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews NS query for "." (the root).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews It is possible to set per-user defaults for <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> via
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>. This file is read and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews any options in it
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews are applied before the command line arguments.
b3cbb2f1ad021349e89807f3492df6e4e679cd56Mark Andrews The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level
b3cbb2f1ad021349e89807f3492df6e4e679cd56Mark Andrews domains names. Either use the <code class="option">-t</code> and
b3cbb2f1ad021349e89807f3492df6e4e679cd56Mark Andrews <code class="option">-c</code> options to specify the type and class or
b3cbb2f1ad021349e89807f3492df6e4e679cd56Mark Andrews use the <code class="option">-q</code> the specify the domain name or
b3cbb2f1ad021349e89807f3492df6e4e679cd56Mark Andrews use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> looks like:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"> dig @server name type </pre>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> resolves that name before
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews querying that name
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews server. If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews argument is provided,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> consults <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews server that responds is displayed.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews indicates what type of query is required —
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <code class="option">-b</code> option sets the source IP address of the query
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to <em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>. This must be a valid
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews may be specified by appending "#<port>"
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="option">-c</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <code class="option">-f</code> option makes <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews file <em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>. The file contains a
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the same way they would be presented as queries to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> using the command-line interface.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="option">-p</code> option is used. <em class="parameter"><code>port#</code></em> is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the port number that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send its
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews on a non-standard port number.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <code class="option">-4</code> option forces <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews use IPv4 query transport. The <code class="option">-6</code> option forces
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to only use IPv6 query transport.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <code class="option">-t</code> option sets the query type to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>. It can be any valid query type
f6da30bb5447c23d880b09f601441e70c5313557Mark Andrews supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="option">-x</code> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> is set to <code class="literal">ixfr=N</code>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews The <code class="option">-q</code> option sets the query name to
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>. This useful do distinguish the
8c9957e63274e6ea44d182703116307b1a65dabbMark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from other arguments.
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews Reverse lookups — mapping addresses to names — are simplified by the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="option">-x</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When this option is used, there is no need to provide the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> arguments. <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews automatically performs a lookup for a name like
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</code> and sets the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews query type and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews specify the <code class="option">-i</code> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews are now experimental and are not attempted.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews To sign the DNS queries sent by <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews using the <code class="option">-k</code> option. You can also specify the TSIG
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews key itself on the command line using the <code class="option">-y</code> option;
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC-MD5,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> is the name of the TSIG key and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>key</code></em> is the actual key. The key is a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews encoded string, typically generated by
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Caution should be taken when using the <code class="option">-y</code> option on
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews or in the shell's history file. When
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews using TSIG authentication with <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>, the name
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews provides a number of query options which affect
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and retry strategies.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews option. These may be preceded
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews by the string <code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that keyword. Other
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The query options are:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews behavior is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews requested, in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews which case a TCP connection is used.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vc</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews syntax to <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]tcp</code></em> is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews provided for backwards
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit".
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ignore</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews default, TCP retries are performed.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+domain=somename</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Set the search list to contain the single domain
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>somename</code></em>, as if specified in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> directive in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, and enable
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews processing as if the <em class="parameter"><code>+search</code></em>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews option were given.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]search</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews directive in <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (if
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The search list is not used by default.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]showsearch</code></span></dt>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]defname</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Deprecated, treated as a synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]search</code></em>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaonly</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaflag</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]aaonly</code></em>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]adflag</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. The
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews currently has a standard meaning only in responses, not in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews but the ability to set the bit in the query is provided for
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews completeness.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cl</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlid</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]recurse</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This bit is set by default, which means <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews when the <em class="parameter"><code>+nssearch</code></em> or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>+trace</code></em> query options are
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nssearch</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When this option is set, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews attempts to find the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trace</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews tracing is enabled, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> makes
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews iterative queries to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews resolve the lookup.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cmd</code></span></dt>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the version of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and the query
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews options that have
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews been applied. This comment is printed by default.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews verbose form.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]identify</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews supplied the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews answer when the <em class="parameter"><code>+short</code></em> option
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is enabled. If
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews source address and port number of the server that provided the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews print comments.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]stats</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to print the query statistics.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]qr</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Print [do not print] the query as it is sent.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews By default, the query is not printed.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]question</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews returned. The default is to print the question section as a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]answer</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is to display it.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]authority</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews default is to display it.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]additional</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default is to display it.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Set or clear all display flags.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+time=T</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Sets the timeout for a query to
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> seconds. The default
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews timeout is 5 seconds.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews An attempt to set <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> to less
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews than 1 will result
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+tries=T</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, 3.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> is less than or equal to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zero, the number of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews tries is silently rounded up to 1.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+retry=T</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, 2.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>+tries</code></em>, this does not include
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+ndots=D</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Set the number of dots that have to appear in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>D</code></em> for it to be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews considered absolute. The default value is that defined using
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews ndots statement in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, or 1 if no
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews interpreted as
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="option">search</code> or <code class="option">domain</code> directive in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+bufsize=B</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>B</code></em> bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews this range are rounded up or down appropriately.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Values other than zero will cause a EDNS query to be sent.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+edns=#</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews EDNS query to be sent. <code class="option">+noedns</code> clears the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews remembered EDNS version.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews format with human-readable comments. The default is to print
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews of the <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> output.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]fail</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]besteffort</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default is to not display malformed answers.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews in the OPT record in the additional section of the query.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sigchase</code></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+trusted-key=####</code></span></dt>
90153b6536f7a5078e1c157c980110dbcd7fe205Mark Andrews Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used with
90153b6536f7a5078e1c157c980110dbcd7fe205Mark Andrews <code class="option">+sigchase</code>. Each DNSKEY record must be
90153b6536f7a5078e1c157c980110dbcd7fe205Mark Andrews on its own line.
90153b6536f7a5078e1c157c980110dbcd7fe205Mark Andrews If not specified <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will look for
90153b6536f7a5078e1c157c980110dbcd7fe205Mark Andrews <code class="filename">/etc/trusted-key.key</code> then
90153b6536f7a5078e1c157c980110dbcd7fe205Mark Andrews <code class="filename">trusted-key.key</code> in the current directory.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]topdown</code></span></dt>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<a name="id2650755"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The BIND 9 implementation of <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews supporting the <code class="option">-f</code> batch file option). Each of those
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews In this case, each <em class="parameter"><code>query</code></em> argument
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews represent an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews should be applied to that query.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the <code class="option">+[no]cmd</code> option) can be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewsdig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews shows how <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> could be used from the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews command line
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to make three lookups: an ANY query for <code class="literal">www.isc.org</code>, a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A global query option of <em class="parameter"><code>+qr</code></em> is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> shows the initial query it made
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews lookup. The final query has a local query option of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="parameter"><code>+noqr</code></em> which means that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
057cafaa3df7be7a6dcca71fbaf8fb498fd83518Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
057cafaa3df7be7a6dcca71fbaf8fb498fd83518Mark Andrews domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
057cafaa3df7be7a6dcca71fbaf8fb498fd83518Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of
057cafaa3df7be7a6dcca71fbaf8fb498fd83518Mark Andrews domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
057cafaa3df7be7a6dcca71fbaf8fb498fd83518Mark Andrews reply from the server.
057cafaa3df7be7a6dcca71fbaf8fb498fd83518Mark Andrews If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
057cafaa3df7be7a6dcca71fbaf8fb498fd83518Mark Andrews the <code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</code> environment variable.
057cafaa3df7be7a6dcca71fbaf8fb498fd83518Mark Andrews The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
057cafaa3df7be7a6dcca71fbaf8fb498fd83518Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> runs.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews There are probably too many query options.
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