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f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson</div>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<div class="refentry" lang="en">
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<a name="man.dig"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<div class="refnamediv">
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<h2>Name</h2>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>dig &#8212; DNS lookup utility</p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson</div>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<h2>Synopsis</h2>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [@server] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]name:key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</p></div>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>]</p></div>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson</div>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<a name="id2563920"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson (domain information groper) is a flexible tool
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson were queried. Most DNS administrators use <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence than <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>
6d12fdf96621801e80f3f4c2a8a569fe48766a20David Lawrence Although <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> is normally used with
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson command-line
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson and options is printed when the <code class="option">-h</code> option is given.
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> allows multiple lookups to be issued
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein from the
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson command line.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein in
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein When no command line arguments or options are given, will perform an
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson NS query for "." (the root).
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein It is possible to set per-user defaults for <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> via
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>. This file is read and
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson any options in it
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson are applied before the command line arguments.
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson domains names. Either use the <code class="option">-t</code> and
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <code class="option">-c</code> options to specify the type and class or
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson use the <code class="option">-q</code> the specify the domain name or
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson</div>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<a name="id2569674"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> looks like:
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<pre class="programlisting"> dig @server name type </pre>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson where:
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<div class="variablelist"><dl>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<dd><p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein be an IPv4
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein hostname,
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> resolves that name before
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein querying that name
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein server. If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson argument is provided,
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> consults <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the
97404c1965ae83ecbfe9cf7b06f67dce5e28c588Andreas Gustafsson name
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein server that responds is displayed.
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson </p></dd>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<dd><p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein </p></dd>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<dd><p>
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence indicates what type of query is required &#8212;
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson type. If no
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson A record.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein </p></dd>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson</dl></div>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson</div>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<a name="id2569785"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson The <code class="option">-b</code> option sets the source IP address of the query
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson to <em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>. This must be a valid
9b0e18da3d5c2290f90b285d122d368173f17c63Andreas Gustafsson address on
4e1d3e67cdc76609bad5f0310ac48de10b442b9fMark Andrews one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein port
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson may be specified by appending "#&lt;port&gt;"
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <code class="option">-c</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson any valid
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein </p>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson The <code class="option">-f</code> option makes <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson operate
9b0e18da3d5c2290f90b285d122d368173f17c63Andreas Gustafsson in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson file <em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>. The file contains a
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein number of
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson the same way they would be presented as queries to
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> using the command-line interface.
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <code class="option">-p</code> option is used. <em class="parameter"><code>port#</code></em> is
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson the port number that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send its
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence queries
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson on a non-standard port number.
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein The <code class="option">-4</code> option forces <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein to only
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson use IPv4 query transport. The <code class="option">-6</code> option forces
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to only use IPv6 query transport.
9b0e18da3d5c2290f90b285d122d368173f17c63Andreas Gustafsson </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein The <code class="option">-t</code> option sets the query type to
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>. It can be any valid query type
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson which is
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <code class="option">-x</code> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> is set to <code class="literal">ixfr=N</code>.
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>N</code></em>.
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson The <code class="option">-q</code> option sets the query name to
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>. This useful do distinguish the
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from other arguments.
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson </p>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson<p>
9b0e18da3d5c2290f90b285d122d368173f17c63Andreas Gustafsson Reverse lookups &#8212; mapping addresses to names &#8212; are simplified by the
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <code class="option">-x</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein an IPv4
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson When this option is used, there is no need to provide the
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> and
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> arguments. <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson automatically performs a lookup for a name like
8f79820c6930ee5ef6b4a54f36d2559400bdf47dAndreas Gustafsson <code class="literal">11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</code> and sets the
8f79820c6930ee5ef6b4a54f36d2559400bdf47dAndreas Gustafsson query type and
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are
8f79820c6930ee5ef6b4a54f36d2559400bdf47dAndreas Gustafsson looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain
8f79820c6930ee5ef6b4a54f36d2559400bdf47dAndreas Gustafsson specify the <code class="option">-i</code> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)
3a34b87c878990c6303358efd22265c2c5980c65Mark Andrews are now experimental and are not attempted.
3a34b87c878990c6303358efd22265c2c5980c65Mark Andrews </p>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<p>
50a3152b7088546418c8edc0c89eeaf48560b035Andreas Gustafsson To sign the DNS queries sent by <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and
3a34b87c878990c6303358efd22265c2c5980c65Mark Andrews their
3a34b87c878990c6303358efd22265c2c5980c65Mark Andrews responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file
c20ffa38dee7efa0dc01822d4bac5e41729b9b61Brian Wellington using the <code class="option">-k</code> option. You can also specify the TSIG
c20ffa38dee7efa0dc01822d4bac5e41729b9b61Brian Wellington key itself on the command line using the <code class="option">-y</code> option;
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC-MD5,
c20ffa38dee7efa0dc01822d4bac5e41729b9b61Brian Wellington <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> is the name of the TSIG key and
c20ffa38dee7efa0dc01822d4bac5e41729b9b61Brian Wellington <em class="parameter"><code>key</code></em> is the actual key. The key is a
c20ffa38dee7efa0dc01822d4bac5e41729b9b61Brian Wellington base-64
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein encoded string, typically generated by
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
c20ffa38dee7efa0dc01822d4bac5e41729b9b61Brian Wellington
c20ffa38dee7efa0dc01822d4bac5e41729b9b61Brian Wellington Caution should be taken when using the <code class="option">-y</code> option on
6c8abf481df85a67c3f32f5f107b554d3ff5a3edMark Andrews multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from
6c8abf481df85a67c3f32f5f107b554d3ff5a3edMark Andrews <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
6c8abf481df85a67c3f32f5f107b554d3ff5a3edMark Andrews or in the shell's history file. When
6c8abf481df85a67c3f32f5f107b554d3ff5a3edMark Andrews using TSIG authentication with <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>, the name
6c8abf481df85a67c3f32f5f107b554d3ff5a3edMark Andrews server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is
6c8abf481df85a67c3f32f5f107b554d3ff5a3edMark Andrews being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements in
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
6c8abf481df85a67c3f32f5f107b554d3ff5a3edMark Andrews </p>
6c8abf481df85a67c3f32f5f107b554d3ff5a3edMark Andrews</div>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<a name="id2628076"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
ab023a65562e62b85a824509d829b6fad87e00b1Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
6c8abf481df85a67c3f32f5f107b554d3ff5a3edMark Andrews provides a number of query options which affect
6c8abf481df85a67c3f32f5f107b554d3ff5a3edMark Andrews the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
f951f076f3d321c52b824a866caff28ce4f8e06cAndreas Gustafsson sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
4be63b1fd8c18dbeca1648d6cf22fa14f057a469David Lawrence and retry strategies.
</p>
<p>
Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
(<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
option. These may be preceded
by the string <code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of
that keyword. Other
keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
The query options are:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default
behavior is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is
requested, in
which case a TCP connection is used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vc</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate
syntax to <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]tcp</code></em> is
provided for backwards
compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit".
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ignore</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP.
By
default, TCP retries are performed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+domain=somename</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the search list to contain the single domain
<em class="parameter"><code>somename</code></em>, as if specified in
a
<span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> directive in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, and enable
search list
processing as if the <em class="parameter"><code>+search</code></em>
option were given.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]search</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or
domain
directive in <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (if
any).
The search list is not used by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]showsearch</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
results.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]defname</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Deprecated, treated as a synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]search</code></em>
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaonly</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]aaonly</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]adflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. The
AD bit
currently has a standard meaning only in responses, not in
queries,
but the ability to set the bit in the query is provided for
completeness.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query.
This
requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of
responses.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cl</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]recurse</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the
query.
This bit is set by default, which means <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically
disabled
when the <em class="parameter"><code>+nssearch</code></em> or
<em class="parameter"><code>+trace</code></em> query options are
used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nssearch</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When this option is set, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
attempts to find the
authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name
being
looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has
for the
zone.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trace</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers
for
the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When
tracing is enabled, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> makes
iterative queries to
resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from
the
root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used
to
resolve the lookup.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cmd</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output
identifying
the version of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and the query
options that have
been applied. This comment is printed by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a
verbose form.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]identify</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that
supplied the
answer when the <em class="parameter"><code>+short</code></em> option
is enabled. If
short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the
source address and port number of the server that provided the
answer.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default
is to
print comments.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]stats</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the
query
was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default
behavior is
to print the query statistics.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]qr</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print [do not print] the query as it is sent.
By default, the query is not printed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]question</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an
answer is
returned. The default is to print the question section as a
comment.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]answer</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The
default
is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]authority</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The
default is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]additional</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply.
The default is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set or clear all display flags.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+time=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the timeout for a query to
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> seconds. The default
timeout is 5 seconds.
An attempt to set <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> to less
than 1 will result
in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+tries=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, 3.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> is less than or equal to
zero, the number of
tries is silently rounded up to 1.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+retry=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, 2.
Unlike
<em class="parameter"><code>+tries</code></em>, this does not include
the initial
query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+ndots=D</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the number of dots that have to appear in
<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>D</code></em> for it to be
considered absolute. The default value is that defined using
the
ndots statement in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, or 1 if no
ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are
interpreted as
relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in
the
<code class="option">search</code> or <code class="option">domain</code> directive in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+bufsize=B</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to
<em class="parameter"><code>B</code></em> bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes
of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside
this range are rounded up or down appropriately.
Values other than zero will cause a EDNS query to be sent.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+edns=#</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause a
EDNS query to be sent. <code class="option">+noedns</code> clears the
remembered EDNS version.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line
format with human-readable comments. The default is to print
each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing
of the <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> output.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]fail</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The
default is
to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub
resolver
behavior.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]besteffort</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed.
The default is to not display malformed answers.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit
(DO)
in the OPT record in the additional section of the query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sigchase</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with
-DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+trusted-key=####</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used with
<code class="option">+sigchase</code>. Each DNSKEY record must be
on its own line.
</p>
<p>
If not specified <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will look for
<code class="filename">/etc/trusted-key.key</code> then
<code class="filename">trusted-key.key</code> in the current directory.
</p>
<p>
Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]topdown</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down
validation.
Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nsid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending a query.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2629077"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
<p>
The BIND 9 implementation of <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
supports
specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
supporting the <code class="option">-f</code> batch file option). Each of those
queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
options.
</p>
<p>
In this case, each <em class="parameter"><code>query</code></em> argument
represent an
individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
should be applied to that query.
</p>
<p>
A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
the <code class="option">+[no]cmd</code> option) can be
overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
</pre>
<p>
shows how <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> could be used from the
command line
to make three lookups: an ANY query for <code class="literal">www.isc.org</code>, a
reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
A global query option of <em class="parameter"><code>+qr</code></em> is
applied, so
that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> shows the initial query it made
for each
lookup. The final query has a local query option of
<em class="parameter"><code>+noqr</code></em> which means that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2629162"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
<p>
If <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of
domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
reply from the server.
If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
the <code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</code> environment variable.
The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> runs.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2629191"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
</p>
<p><code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2629212"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC1035</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2629250"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
There are probably too many query options.
</p>
</div>
</div>
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