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c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<hr>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe</div>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<div class="refentry">
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<a name="man.dig"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<div class="refnamediv">
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<h2>Name</h2>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<p>dig &#8212; DNS lookup utility</p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe</div>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<h2>Synopsis</h2>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [@server] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m</code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]name:key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</p></div>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>]</p></div>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe</div>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<div class="refsection">
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<a name="id-1.14.2.7"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<p><span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe (domain information groper) is a flexible tool
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe were queried. Most DNS administrators use <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> to
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe than <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span>.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Although <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> is normally used with
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe command-line
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe and options is printed when the <code class="option">-h</code> option is given.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> allows multiple lookups to be issued
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe from the
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe command line.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed in
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. If no usable server addresses
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe are found, <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> will send the query to the local
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe host.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe When no command line arguments or options are given,
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> will perform an NS query for "." (the root).
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe It is possible to set per-user defaults for <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> via
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>. This file is read and
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe any options in it
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe are applied before the command line arguments.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe domain names. Either use the <code class="option">-t</code> and
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <code class="option">-c</code> options to specify the type and class,
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe use the <code class="option">-q</code> the specify the domain name, or
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe</div>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<div class="refsection">
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<a name="id-1.14.2.8"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe A typical invocation of <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> looks like:
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<pre class="programlisting"> dig @server name type </pre>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe where:
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe can be an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a hostname,
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> resolves that name before querying
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe that name server.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe provided, <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> consults
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>; if an
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe address is found there, it queries the name server at
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe that address. If either of the <code class="option">-4</code> or
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <code class="option">-6</code> options are in use, then
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe only addresses for the corresponding transport
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe will be tried. If no usable addresses are found,
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> will send the query to the
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe local host. The reply from the name server that
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe responds is displayed.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe</dd>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p></dd>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe indicates what type of query is required &#8212;
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe type. If no
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe A record.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p></dd>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe</dl></div>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe</div>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<div class="refsection">
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<a name="id-1.14.2.9"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Use IPv4 only.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p></dd>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Use IPv6 only.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p></dd>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dt><span class="term">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address[<span class="optional">#port</span>]</code></em></span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Set the source IP address of the query.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe The <em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em> must be a valid address on
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe one of the host's network interfaces, or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe optional port may be specified by appending "#&lt;port&gt;"
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p></dd>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Set the query class. The
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe default <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is IN; other classes
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe are HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p></dd>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Batch mode: <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> reads a list of lookup
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe requests to process from the
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe given <em class="parameter"><code>file</code></em>. Each line in the file
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe should be organized in the same way they would be
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe presented as queries to
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> using the command-line interface.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p></dd>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dt><span class="term">-i</span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Do reverse IPv6 lookups using the obsolete RFC1886 IP6.INT
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe domain, which is no longer in use. Obsolete bit string
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe label queries (RFC2874) are not attempted.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p></dd>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Sign queries using TSIG using a key read from the given file.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Key files can be generated using
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tsig-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe When using TSIG authentication with <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span>,
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe the name server that is queried needs to know the key and
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe algorithm that is being used. In BIND, this is done by
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe providing appropriate <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe and <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statements in
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p></dd>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dt><span class="term">-m</span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Enable memory usage debugging.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p></dd>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Send the query to a non-standard port on the server,
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov instead of the default port 53. This option would be used
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov to test a name server that has been configured to listen
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov for queries on a non-standard port number.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p></dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></span></dt>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dd><p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The domain name to query. This is useful to distinguish
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov the <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from other arguments.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p></dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></span></dt>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dd><p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The resource record type to query. It can be any valid query type
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov which is
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="option">-x</code> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required, set the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> to <code class="literal">ixfr=N</code>.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov made to the zone since the serial number in the zone's SOA
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov record was
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <em class="parameter"><code>N</code></em>.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p></dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dd><p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov Print the version number and exit.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p></dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></span></dt>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dd><p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov Simplified reverse lookups, for mapping addresses to
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov names. The <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is an IPv4 address
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov address. When the <code class="option">-x</code> is used, there is no
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov need to provide
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov the <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov and <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov arguments. <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> automatically performs a
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov lookup for a name like
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="literal">94.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa</code> and sets the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov query type and class to PTR and IN respectively. IPv6
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov addresses are looked up using nibble format under the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov IP6.ARPA domain (but see also the <code class="option">-i</code>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov option).
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p></dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]keyname:secret</code></em></span></dt>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov Sign queries using TSIG with the given authentication key.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <em class="parameter"><code>keyname</code></em> is the name of the key, and
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <em class="parameter"><code>secret</code></em> is the base64 encoded shared secret.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the name of the key algorithm;
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov valid choices are <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>, or
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code>. If <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov is not specified, the default is <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov NOTE: You should use the <code class="option">-k</code> option and
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov avoid the <code class="option">-y</code> option, because
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov with <code class="option">-y</code> the shared secret is supplied as
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov a command line argument in clear text. This may be visible
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov in the output from
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov or in a history file maintained by the user's shell.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov</dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov</dl></div>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov</div>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<div class="refsection">
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<a name="id-1.14.2.10"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p><span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov provides a number of query options which affect
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov and retry strategies.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov (<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov option. These may be preceded
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov by the string <code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov that keyword. Other
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov Keywords may be abbreviated, provided the abbreviation is
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov unambiguous; for example, <code class="literal">+cd</code> is equivalent
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov to <code class="literal">+cdflag</code>.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The query options are:
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaflag</code></span></dt>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dd><p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]aaonly</code></em>.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p></dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaonly</code></span></dt>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dd><p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p></dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]additional</code></span></dt>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dd><p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov Display [do not display] the additional section of a
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov reply. The default is to display it.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p></dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]adflag</code></span></dt>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dd><p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov query. This requests the server to return whether
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov all of the answer and authority sections have all
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov been validated as secure according to the security
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov have been validated as secure and the answer is not
from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part
of the answer was insecure or not validated. This
bit is set by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set or clear all display flags.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]answer</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the answer section of a
reply. The default is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]authority</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the authority section of a
reply. The default is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]badcookie</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Retry lookup with the new server cookie if a
BADCOOKIE response is received.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]besteffort</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Attempt to display the contents of messages which are
malformed. The default is to not display malformed
answers.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+bufsize=B</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0
to <em class="parameter"><code>B</code></em> bytes. The maximum and
minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively.
Values outside this range are rounded up or down
appropriately. Values other than zero will cause a
EDNS query to be sent.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in
the query. This requests the server to not perform
DNSSEC validation of responses.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]class</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the
record.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cmd</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the
output identifying the version of <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span>
and the query options that have been applied. This
comment is printed by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of comment lines in the output.
The default is to print comments.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cookie[<span class="optional">=####</span>]</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Send a COOKIE EDNS option, with optional
value. Replaying a COOKIE from a previous response will
allow the server to identify a previous client. The
default is <code class="option">+cookie</code>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>+cookie</strong></span> is also set when +trace
is set to better emulate the default queries from a
nameserver.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]crypto</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC
records. The contents of these field are unnecessary
to debug most DNSSEC validation failures and removing
them makes it easier to see the common failures. The
default is to display the fields. When omitted they
are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or in the
DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement,
e.g. "[ key id = value ]".
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]defname</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Deprecated, treated as a synonym for
<em class="parameter"><code>+[no]search</code></em>
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC
OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section
of the query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+domain=somename</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the search list to contain the single domain
<em class="parameter"><code>somename</code></em>, as if specified in
a <span class="command"><strong>domain</strong></span> directive in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, and enable
search list processing as if the
<em class="parameter"><code>+search</code></em> option were given.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+dscp=value</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the DSCP code point to be used when sending the
query. Valid DSCP code points are in the range
[0..63]. By default no code point is explicitly set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]edns[=#]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause
a EDNS query to be sent. <code class="option">+noedns</code>
clears the remembered EDNS version. EDNS is set to
0 by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsflags[=#]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the must-be-zero EDNS flags bits (Z bits) to the
specified value. Decimal, hex and octal encodings are
accepted. Setting a named flag (e.g. DO) will silently be
ignored. By default, no Z bits are set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsnegotiation</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Enable / disable EDNS version negotiation. By default
EDNS version negotiation is enabled.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsopt[=code[:value]]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify EDNS option with code point <code class="option">code</code>
and optionally payload of <code class="option">value</code> as a
hexadecimal string. <code class="option">+noednsopt</code>
clears the EDNS options to be sent.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]expire</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Send an EDNS Expire option.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]fail</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL.
The default is to not try the next server which is
the reverse of normal stub resolver behavior.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]header-only</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Send a query with a DNS header without a question section.
The default is to add a question section. The query type
and query name are ignored when this is set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]identify</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number
that supplied the answer when the
<em class="parameter"><code>+short</code></em> option is enabled. If
short form answers are requested, the default is not
to show the source address and port number of the
server that provided the answer.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ignore</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying
with TCP. By default, TCP retries are performed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]keepopen</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Keep the TCP socket open between queries and reuse
it rather than creating a new TCP socket for each
lookup. The default is <code class="option">+nokeepopen</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]mapped</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Allow mapped IPv4 over IPv6 addresses to be used. The
default is <code class="option">+mapped</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print records like the SOA records in a verbose
multi-line format with human-readable comments. The
default is to print each record on a single line, to
facilitate machine parsing of the <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span>
output.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+ndots=D</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the number of dots that have to appear in
<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>D</code></em>
for it to be considered absolute. The default value
is that defined using the ndots statement in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, or 1 if no
ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots
are interpreted as relative names and will be searched
for in the domains listed in the <code class="option">search</code>
or <code class="option">domain</code> directive in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code> if
<code class="option">+search</code> is set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nsid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending
a query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nssearch</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When this option is set, <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span>
attempts to find the authoritative name servers for
the zone containing the name being looked up and
display the SOA record that each name server has for
the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]onesoa</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print only one (starting) SOA record when performing
an AXFR. The default is to print both the starting
and ending SOA records.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]opcode=value</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [restore] the DNS message opcode to the specified
value. The default value is QUERY (0).
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]qr</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. By
default, the query is not printed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]question</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print [do not print] the question section of a query
when an answer is returned. The default is to print
the question section as a comment.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]rdflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]recurse</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]recurse</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit
in the query. This bit is set by default, which means
<span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> normally sends recursive
queries. Recursion is automatically disabled when
the <em class="parameter"><code>+nssearch</code></em> or
<em class="parameter"><code>+trace</code></em> query options are used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+retry=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to
server to <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the
default, 2. Unlike <em class="parameter"><code>+tries</code></em>,
this does not include the initial query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]rrcomments</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of per-record comments in the
output (for example, human-readable key information
about DNSKEY records). The default is not to print
record comments unless multiline mode is active.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]search</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use [do not use] the search list defined by the
searchlist or domain directive in
<code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (if any). The search
list is not used by default.
</p>
<p>
'ndots' from <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (default 1)
which may be overridden by <em class="parameter"><code>+ndots</code></em>
determines if the name will be treated as relative
or not and hence whether a search is eventually
performed or not.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the
answer in a verbose form.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]showsearch</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
results.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sigchase</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be
compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+split=W</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource
records into chunks of <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em>
characters (where <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em> is rounded
up to the nearest multiple of 4).
<em class="parameter"><code>+nosplit</code></em> or
<em class="parameter"><code>+split=0</code></em> causes fields not to
be split at all. The default is 56 characters, or
44 characters when multiline mode is active.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]stats</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
This query option toggles the printing of statistics:
when the query was made, the size of the reply and
so on. The default behavior is to print the query
statistics.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]subnet=addr[/netmask]</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Send (don't send) an EDNS Client Subnet option with the
specified IP address or network prefix.
</p>
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dig +subnet=0.0.0.0/0</strong></span>, or simply
<span class="command"><strong>dig +subnet=0</strong></span> for short, sends a
Client Subnet option with an empty address and a
source prefix length of zero, which signals a resolver
that the EDNS Client Subnet option should not be used
when resolving this query.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The
default behavior is to use UDP unless an
<code class="literal">ixfr=N</code> query is requested, in which
case the default is TCP. AXFR queries always use
TCP.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+timeout=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the timeout for a query to
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> seconds. The default
timeout is 5 seconds.
An attempt to set <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> to less
than 1 will result
in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]topdown</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down
validation. Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trace</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root
name servers for the name being looked up. Tracing
is disabled by default. When tracing is enabled,
<span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> makes iterative queries to
resolve the name being looked up. It will follow
referrals from the root servers, showing the answer
from each server that was used to resolve the lookup.
</p>
<p>
If @server is also specified, it affects only the
initial query for the root zone name servers.
</p>
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>+dnssec</strong></span> is also set when +trace
is set to better emulate the default queries from a
nameserver.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+tries=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server
to <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default,
3. If <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> is less than or equal
to zero, the number of tries is silently rounded up
to 1.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+trusted-key=####</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used
with <code class="option">+sigchase</code>. Each DNSKEY record
must be on its own line.
</p>
<p>
If not specified, <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> will look
for <code class="filename">/etc/trusted-key.key</code> then
<code class="filename">trusted-key.key</code> in the current
directory.
</p>
<p>
Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the
record.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlunits</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the TTL in friendly human-readable
time units of "s", "m", "h", "d", and "w", representing
seconds, minutes, hours, days and weeks. Implies +ttlid.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]unknownformat</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print all RDATA in unknown RR type presentation format
(RFC 3597). The default is to print RDATA for known types
in the type's presentation format.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vc</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This
alternate syntax to <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]tcp</code></em>
is provided for backwards compatibility. The "vc"
stands for "virtual circuit".
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]zflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [do not set] the last unassigned DNS header flag in a
DNS query. This flag is off by default.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.2.11"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
<p>
The BIND 9 implementation of <span class="command"><strong>dig </strong></span>
supports
specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
supporting the <code class="option">-f</code> batch file option). Each of those
queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
options.
</p>
<p>
In this case, each <em class="parameter"><code>query</code></em> argument
represent an
individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
should be applied to that query.
</p>
<p>
A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
the <code class="option">+[no]cmd</code> option) can be
overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
</pre>
<p>
shows how <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> could be used from the
command line
to make three lookups: an ANY query for <code class="literal">www.isc.org</code>, a
reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
A global query option of <em class="parameter"><code>+qr</code></em> is
applied, so
that <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> shows the initial query it made
for each
lookup. The final query has a local query option of
<em class="parameter"><code>+noqr</code></em> which means that <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span>
will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.2.12"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
<p>
If <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
<span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of
domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
reply from the server.
If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
the <code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</code> environment variable.
The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
<span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> runs.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.2.13"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
</p>
<p><code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.2.14"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC1035</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.2.15"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
There are probably too many query options.
</p>
</div>
</div>
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