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75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<hr>
d31e9a954af0214d647fe3d8fda5a62986a578c2Knut Anders Hatlen</div>
d31e9a954af0214d647fe3d8fda5a62986a578c2Knut Anders Hatlen<div class="refentry" lang="en">
d31e9a954af0214d647fe3d8fda5a62986a578c2Knut Anders Hatlen<a name="man.delv"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
d31e9a954af0214d647fe3d8fda5a62986a578c2Knut Anders Hatlen<div class="refnamediv">
d31e9a954af0214d647fe3d8fda5a62986a578c2Knut Anders Hatlen<h2>Name</h2>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<p>delv &#8212; DNS lookup and validation utility</p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen</div>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<h2>Synopsis</h2>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">delv</code> [@server] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>anchor-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i</code>] [<code class="option">-m</code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</p></div>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">delv</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>]</p></div>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">delv</code> [<code class="option">-v</code>]</p></div>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">delv</code> [queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen</div>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
4d79e2c088c259b7a6c47bc106ca98ecb681923eLubos Kosco<a name="id2619613"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
d31e9a954af0214d647fe3d8fda5a62986a578c2Knut Anders Hatlen<p><span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen (Domain Entity Lookup &amp; Validation) is a tool for sending
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen DNS queries and validating the results, using the same internal
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen resolver and validator logic as <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen </p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> will send to a specified name server all
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen queries needed to fetch and validate the requested data; this
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen includes the original requested query, subsequent queries to follow
d31e9a954af0214d647fe3d8fda5a62986a578c2Knut Anders Hatlen CNAME or DNAME chains, and queries for DNSKEY, DS and DLV records
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen to establish a chain of trust for DNSSEC validation.
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen It does not perform iterative resolution, but simulates the
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen behavior of a name server configured for DNSSEC validating and
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen forwarding.
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen </p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen By default, responses are validated using built-in DNSSEC trust
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen anchors for the root zone (".") and for the ISC DNSSEC lookaside
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen validation zone ("dlv.isc.org"). Records returned by
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> are either fully validated or
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen were not signed. If validation fails, an explanation of
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen the failure is included in the output; the validation process
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen can be traced in detail. Because <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> does
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen not rely on an external server to carry out validation, it can
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen be used to check the validity of DNS responses in environments
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen where local name servers may not be trustworthy.
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen </p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed in
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. If no usable server
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen addresses are found, <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> will send
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen queries to the localhost addresses (127.0.0.1 for IPv4, ::1
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen for IPv6).
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen </p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen When no command line arguments or options are given,
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> will perform an NS query for "."
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen (the root zone).
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen </p>
4d79e2c088c259b7a6c47bc106ca98ecb681923eLubos Kosco</div>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<a name="id2619686"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
d31e9a954af0214d647fe3d8fda5a62986a578c2Knut Anders Hatlen<p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> looks like:
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen </p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<pre class="programlisting"> delv @server name type </pre>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen where:
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen </p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<div class="variablelist"><dl>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<dd>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen can be an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a hostname,
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> resolves that name before
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen querying that name server (note, however, that this
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen initial lookup is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> validated
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen by DNSSEC).
d31e9a954af0214d647fe3d8fda5a62986a578c2Knut Anders Hatlen </p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen<p>
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is
6e30df0b488ecc6b04c2f49b53ecdf0fcdaa84a6Knut Anders Hatlen provided, <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> consults
75640e2b0da81c240758d747e76d30acd1ed194dKnut Anders Hatlen <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>; if an
address is found there, it queries the name server at
that address. If either of the <code class="option">-4</code> or
<code class="option">-6</code> options are in use, then
only addresses for the corresponding transport
will be tried. If no usable addresses are found,
<span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> will send queries to
the localhost addresses (127.0.0.1 for IPv4,
::1 for IPv6).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
is the domain name to be looked up.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
indicates what type of query is required &#8212;
ANY, A, MX, etc.
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
type. If no
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
<span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
A record.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2619817"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>anchor-file</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Specifies a file from which to read DNSSEC trust anchors.
The default is <code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code>, which
is included with <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 and contains
trust anchors for the root zone (".") and for the ISC
DNSSEC lookaside validation zone ("dlv.isc.org").
</p>
<p>
Keys that do not match the root or DLV trust-anchor
names are ignored; these key names can be overridden
using the <code class="option">+dlv=NAME</code> or
<code class="option">+root=NAME</code> options.
</p>
<p>
Note: When reading the trust anchor file,
<span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> treats <code class="option">managed-keys</code>
statements and <code class="option">trusted-keys</code> statements
identically. That is, for a managed key, it is the
<span class="emphasis"><em>initial</em></span> key that is trusted; RFC 5011
key management is not supported. <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span>
will not consult the managed-keys database maintained by
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. This means that if either of the
keys in <code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code> is revoked
and rolled over, it will be necessary to update
<code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code> to use DNSSEC
validation in <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the source IP address of the query to
<em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>. This must be a valid address
on one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::".
An optional source port may be specified by appending
"#&lt;port&gt;"
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the query class for the requested data. Currently,
only class "IN" is supported in <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span>
and any other value is ignored.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the systemwide debug level to <code class="option">level</code>.
The allowed range is from 0 to 99.
The default is 0 (no debugging).
Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> become
more verbose as the debug level increases.
See the <code class="option">+mtrace</code>, <code class="option">+rtrace</code>,
and <code class="option">+vtrace</code> options below for additional
debugging details.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display the <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> help usage output and exit.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-i</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Insecure mode. This disables internal DNSSEC validation.
(Note, however, this does not set the CD bit on upstream
queries. If the server being queried is performing DNSSEC
validation, then it will not return invalid data; this
can cause <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> to time out. When it
is necessary to examine invalid data to debug a DNSSEC
problem, use <span><strong class="command">dig +cd</strong></span>.)
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-m</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Enables memory usage debugging.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies a destination port to use for queries instead of
the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
with a name server that has been configured to listen
for queries on a non-standard port number.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the query name to <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>.
While the query name can be specified without using the
<code class="option">-q</code>, it is sometimes necessary to disambiguate
names from types or classes (for example, when looking up the
name "ns", which could be misinterpreted as the type NS,
or "ch", which could be misinterpreted as class CH).
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Sets the query type to <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>, which
can be any valid query type supported in BIND 9 except
for zone transfer types AXFR and IXFR. As with
<code class="option">-q</code>, this is useful to distinguish
query name type or class when they are ambiguous.
it is sometimes necessary to disambiguate names from types.
</p>
<p>
The default query type is "A", unless the <code class="option">-x</code>
option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup, in which case
it is "PTR".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print the <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> version and exit.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Performs a reverse lookup, mapping an addresses to
a name. <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is an IPv4 address in
dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
When <code class="option">-x</code> is used, there is no need to provide
the <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> or <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>
arguments. <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> automatically performs a
lookup for a name like <code class="literal">11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</code>
and sets the query type to PTR. IPv6 addresses are looked up
using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Forces <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> to only use IPv4.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Forces <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> to only use IPv6.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2676140"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span>
provides a number of query options which affect the way results are
displayed, and in some cases the way lookups are performed.
</p>
<p>
Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
(<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
option. These may be preceded by the string
<code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of that keyword.
Other keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval.
They have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
The query options are:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Controls whether to set the CD (checking disabled) bit in
queries sent by <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span>. This may be useful
when troubleshooting DNSSEC problems from behind a validating
resolver. A validating resolver will block invalid responses,
making it difficult to retrieve them for analysis. Setting
the CD flag on queries will cause the resolver to return
invalid responses, which <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> can then
validate internally and report the errors in detail.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]class</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Controls whether to display the CLASS when printing
a record. The default is to display the CLASS.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttl</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Controls whether to display the TTL when printing
a record. The default is to display the TTL.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]rtrace</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Toggle resolver fetch logging. This reports the
name and type of each query sent by <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span>
in the process of carrying out the resolution and validation
process: this includes including the original query and
all subsequent queries to follow CNAMEs and to establish a
chain of trust for DNSSEC validation.
</p>
<p>
This is equivalent to setting the debug level to 1 in
the "resolver" logging category. Setting the systemwide
debug level to 1 using the <code class="option">-d</code> option will
product the same output (but will affect other logging
categories as well).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]mtrace</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Toggle message logging. This produces a detailed dump of
the responses received by <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> in the
process of carrying out the resolution and validation process.
</p>
<p>
This is equivalent to setting the debug level to 10
for the "packets" module of the "resolver" logging
category. Setting the systemwide debug level to 10 using
the <code class="option">-d</code> option will produce the same output
(but will affect other logging categories as well).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vtrace</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Toggle validation logging. This shows the internal
process of the validator as it determines whether an
answer is validly signed, unsigned, or invalid.
</p>
<p>
This is equivalent to setting the debug level to 3
for the "validator" module of the "dnssec" logging
category. Setting the systemwide debug level to 3 using
the <code class="option">-d</code> option will produce the same output
(but will affect other logging categories as well).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a
verbose form.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default
is to print comments.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]rrcomments</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of per-record comments in the output (for
example, human-readable key information about DNSKEY records).
The default is to print per-record comments.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]crypto</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC records.
The contents of these field are unnecessary to debug most DNSSEC
validation failures and removing them makes it easier to see
the common failures. The default is to display the fields.
When omitted they are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or
in the DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement,
e.g. "[ key id = value ]".
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trust</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Controls whether to display the trust level when printing
a record. The default is to display the trust level.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]split[=W]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource
records into chunks of <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em> characters
(where <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em> is rounded up to the nearest
multiple of 4).
<em class="parameter"><code>+nosplit</code></em> or
<em class="parameter"><code>+split=0</code></em> causes fields not to be
split at all. The default is 56 characters, or 44 characters
when multiline mode is active.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set or clear the display options
<code class="option">+[no]comments</code>,
<code class="option">+[no]rrcomments</code>, and
<code class="option">+[no]trust</code> as a group.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print long records (such as RRSIG, DNSKEY, and SOA records)
in a verbose multi-line format with human-readable comments.
The default is to print each record on a single line, to
facilitate machine parsing of the <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span>
output.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Indicates whether to display RRSIG records in the
<span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> output. The default is to
do so. Note that (unlike in <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>)
this does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> control whether to
request DNSSEC records or whether to validate them.
DNSSEC records are always requested, and validation
will always occur unless suppressed by the use of
<code class="option">-i</code> or <code class="option">+noroot</code> and
<code class="option">+nodlv</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]root[=ROOT]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Indicates whether to perform conventional (non-lookaside)
DNSSEC validation, and if so, specifies the
name of a trust anchor. The default is to validate using
a trust anchor of "." (the root zone), for which there is
a built-in key. If specifying a different trust anchor,
then <code class="option">-a</code> must be used to specify a file
containing the key.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dlv[=DLV]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Indicates whether to perform DNSSEC lookaside validation,
and if so, specifies the name of the DLV trust anchor.
The default is to perform lookaside validation using
a trust anchor of "dlv.isc.org", for which there is a
built-in key. If specifying a different name, then
<code class="option">-a</code> must be used to specify a file
containing the DLV key.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Controls whether to use TCP when sending queries.
The default is to use UDP unless a truncated
response has been received.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2676670"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code></p>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code></p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2676690"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dig</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC4034</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC4035</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC4431</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC5074</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC5155</em>.
</p>
</div>
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