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64N/A<title>Appendix�C.�General DNS Reference Information</title>
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75N/A<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix�C.�General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</th></tr>
3817N/A<tr>
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844N/A<div class="appendix">
844N/A<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">
64N/A<a name="Bv9ARM.ch11"></a>General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</h1></div></div></div>
1258N/A<div class="toc">
64N/A<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
2899N/A<dl class="toc">
2899N/A<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#ipv6addresses">IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</a></span></dt>
3817N/A<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#bibliography">Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</a></span></dt>
3817N/A<dd><dl>
3817N/A<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#rfcs">Request for Comments (RFCs)</a></span></dt>
64N/A<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#internet_drafts">Internet Drafts</a></span></dt>
1591N/A<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#more_about_bind">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
1591N/A</dl></dd>
64N/A</dl>
64N/A</div>
64N/A
64N/A      <div class="section">
3993N/A<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
3993N/A<a name="ipv6addresses"></a>IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</h2></div></div></div>
3993N/A
3993N/A          <p>
4339N/A            IPv6 addresses are 128-bit identifiers for interfaces and
4339N/A            sets of interfaces which were introduced in the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to facilitate
4339N/A            scalable Internet routing. There are three types of addresses: <span class="emphasis"><em>Unicast</em></span>,
4339N/A            an identifier for a single interface;
4339N/A            <span class="emphasis"><em>Anycast</em></span>,
3993N/A            an identifier for a set of interfaces; and <span class="emphasis"><em>Multicast</em></span>,
3993N/A            an identifier for a set of interfaces. Here we describe the global
3993N/A            Unicast address scheme. For more information, see RFC 3587,
3993N/A            "Global Unicast Address Format."
3993N/A          </p>
3993N/A          <p>
3993N/A            IPv6 unicast addresses consist of a
3993N/A            <span class="emphasis"><em>global routing prefix</em></span>, a
3993N/A            <span class="emphasis"><em>subnet identifier</em></span>, and an
3993N/A            <span class="emphasis"><em>interface identifier</em></span>.
4339N/A          </p>
4339N/A          <p>
4339N/A            The global routing prefix is provided by the
3993N/A            upstream provider or ISP, and (roughly) corresponds to the
3993N/A            IPv4 <span class="emphasis"><em>network</em></span> section
3993N/A            of the address range.
1591N/A
64N/A            The subnet identifier is for local subnetting, much the
64N/A            same as subnetting an
3477N/A            IPv4 /16 network into /24 subnets.
3477N/A
1591N/A            The interface identifier is the address of an individual
64N/A            interface on a given network; in IPv6, addresses belong to
1591N/A            interfaces rather than to machines.
181N/A          </p>
1591N/A          <p>
64N/A            The subnetting capability of IPv6 is much more flexible than
4339N/A            that of IPv4: subnetting can be carried out on bit boundaries,
4339N/A            in much the same way as Classless InterDomain Routing
4337N/A            (CIDR), and the DNS PTR representation ("nibble" format)
64N/A            makes setting up reverse zones easier.
3817N/A          </p>
          <p>
            The Interface Identifier must be unique on the local link,
            and is usually generated automatically by the IPv6
            implementation, although it is usually possible to
            override the default setting if necessary.  A typical IPv6
            address might look like:
            <span class="command"><strong>2001:db8:201:9:a00:20ff:fe81:2b32</strong></span>
          </p>
          <p>
            IPv6 address specifications often contain long strings
            of zeros, so the architects have included a shorthand for
            specifying
            them. The double colon (`::') indicates the longest possible
            string
            of zeros that can fit, and can be used only once in an address.
          </p>
      </div>
      <div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="bibliography"></a>Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</h2></div></div></div>

        <div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="rfcs"></a>Request for Comments (RFCs)</h3></div></div></div>

          <p>
            Specification documents for the Internet protocol suite, including
            the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>, are published as part of
            the Request for Comments (RFCs)
            series of technical notes. The standards themselves are defined
            by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet
            Engineering Steering Group (IESG). RFCs can be obtained online via FTP at:
          </p>
          <p>
            <a class="link" href="ftp://www.isi.edu/in-notes/" target="_top">
              ftp://www.isi.edu/in-notes/RFC<em class="replaceable"><code>xxxx</code></em>.txt
            </a>
          </p>
          <p>
            (where <em class="replaceable"><code>xxxx</code></em> is
            the number of the RFC). RFCs are also available via the Web at:
          </p>
          <p>
            <a class="link" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/" target="_top">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/</a>.
          </p>
          <div class="bibliography">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
            <div class="bibliodiv">


              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.1.2"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC974</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Partridge</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Mail Routing and the Domain System</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">January 1986. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.1.3"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1034</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Domain Names &#8212; Concepts and Facilities</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.1.4"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1035</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span> <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Domain Names &#8212; Implementation and
                  Specification</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span>
              </p>
</div>
            </div>
            <div class="bibliodiv">


              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.2.2"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2181</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R., R. Bush</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Clarifications to the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
                  Specification</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">July 1997. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.2.3"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2308</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Andrews</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Negative Caching of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
                  Queries</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.2.4"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1995</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Ohta</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Incremental Zone Transfer in <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.2.5"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1996</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.2.6"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2136</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Rekhter</span>, and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Bound</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.2.7"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2671</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">August 1997. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.2.8"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2672</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Non-Terminal DNS Name Redirection</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.2.9"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2845</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Secret Key Transaction Authentication for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> (TSIG)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.2.10"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2930</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.2.11"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2931</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">DNS Request and Transaction Signatures (SIG(0)s)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.2.12"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3007</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic Update</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.2.13"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3645</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Kwan</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Garg</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Gilroy</span>, <span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Westhead</span>, and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Hall</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Generic Security Service Algorithm for Secret
                       Key Transaction Authentication for DNS
                       (GSS-TSIG)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">October 2003. </span>
              </p>
</div>
            </div>
            <div class="bibliodiv">

              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.3.2"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3225</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Conrad</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Indicating Resolver Support of DNSSEC</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">December 2001. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.3.3"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3833</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Atkins</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Threat Analysis of the Domain Name System (DNS)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.3.4"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4033</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">DNS Security Introduction and Requirements</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.3.5"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4034</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.3.6"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4035</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Protocol Modifications for the DNS
                       Security Extensions</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span>
              </p>
</div>
            </div>
            <div class="bibliodiv">

              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.4.2"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1535</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Gavron</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">A Security Problem and Proposed Correction With Widely
                  Deployed <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Software</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.4.3"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1536</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Kumar</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Neuman</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Danzig</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Miller</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Implementation
                  Errors and Suggested Fixes</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.4.4"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1982</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Bush</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Serial Number Arithmetic</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.4.5"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4074</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Morishita</span> and <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Jinmei</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Common Misbehaviour Against <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
                Queries for IPv6 Addresses</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">May 2005. </span>
              </p>
</div>
            </div>
            <div class="bibliodiv">

              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.2"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1183</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.F.</span> <span class="surname">Everhart</span>, <span class="firstname">L. A.</span> <span class="surname">Mamakos</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Ullmann</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">New <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR Definitions</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">October 1990. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.3"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1706</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Colella</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle"><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> NSAP Resource Records</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">October 1994. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.4"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2168</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using
                  the Domain Name System</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">June 1997. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.5"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1876</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Davis</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span>, and <span class="firstname">I.</span> <span class="surname">Dickinson</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">A Means for Expressing Location Information in the
                  Domain
                  Name System</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">January 1996. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.6"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2052</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR for Specifying the
                  Location of
                  Services</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.7"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2163</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Allocchio</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Using the Internet <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to
                  Distribute MIXER
                  Conformant Global Address Mapping</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">January 1998. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.8"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2230</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Atkinson</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Key Exchange Delegation Record for the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.9"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2536</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">DSA KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.10"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2537</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">RSA/MD5 KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.11"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2538</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Storing Certificates in the Domain Name System (DNS)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.12"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2539</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Storage of Diffie-Hellman Keys in the Domain Name System (DNS)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.13"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2540</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Detached Domain Name System (DNS) Information</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.14"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2782</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span>. </span>
                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span>
                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">February 2000. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.15"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2915</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span>
                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.16"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3110</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">RSA/SHA-1 SIGs and RSA KEYs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">May 2001. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.17"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3123</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Koch</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">A DNS RR Type for Lists of Address Prefixes (APL RR)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">June 2001. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.18"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3596</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>, <span class="firstname">V.</span> <span class="surname">Ksinant</span>, and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Souissi</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle"><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Extensions to support IP
                  version 6</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">October 2003. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.5.19"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3597</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gustafsson</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record (RR) Types</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">September 2003. </span>
              </p>
</div>
            </div>
            <div class="bibliodiv">

              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.6.2"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1101</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle"><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Network Names
                  and Other Types</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">April 1989. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.6.3"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1123</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="surname">Braden</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and
                  Support</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">October 1989. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.6.4"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1591</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Domain Name System Structure and Delegation</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 1994. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.6.5"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2317</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">H.</span> <span class="surname">Eidnes</span>, <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">de Groot</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA Delegation</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.6.6"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2826</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">Internet Architecture Board</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">IAB Technical Comment on the Unique DNS Root</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.6.7"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2929</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Brunner-Williams</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span>
              </p>
</div>
            </div>
            <div class="bibliodiv">

              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.7.2"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1033</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Lottor</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Domain administrators operations guide</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.7.3"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1537</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Beertema</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Data File
                  Configuration Errors</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.7.4"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1912</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Barr</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operational and
                  Configuration Errors</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">February 1996. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.7.5"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2010</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Operational Criteria for Root Name Servers</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.7.6"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2219</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Hamilton</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Wright</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Use of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Aliases for
                  Network Services</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span>
              </p>
</div>
            </div>
            <div class="bibliodiv">

              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.8.2"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2825</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">IAB</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daigle</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">A Tangled Web: Issues of I18N, Domain Names,
                       and the Other Internet protocols</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.8.3"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3490</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Faltstrom</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span>, and <span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.8.4"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3491</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Blanchet</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Nameprep: A Stringprep Profile for Internationalized Domain Names</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.8.5"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3492</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Punycode: A Bootstring encoding of Unicode
                       for Internationalized Domain Names in
                       Applications (IDNA)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span>
              </p>
</div>
            </div>
            <div class="bibliodiv">

              <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
                <p>
                  Note: the following list of RFCs, although
                  <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>-related, are not
                  concerned with implementing software.
                </p>
              </div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.9.3"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1464</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Rosenbaum</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Using the Domain Name System To Store Arbitrary String
                  Attributes</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">May 1993. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.9.4"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1713</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Romao</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Tools for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Debugging</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.9.5"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1794</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Brisco</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle"><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Support for Load
                  Balancing</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">April 1995. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.9.6"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2240</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">November 1997. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.9.7"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2345</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Wolf</span>, and <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">Oglesby</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Domain Names and Company Name Retrieval</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.9.8"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2352</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">A Convention For Using Legal Names as Domain Names</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.9.9"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3071</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Reflections on the DNS, RFC 1591, and Categories of Domains</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">February 2001. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.9.10"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3258</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Hardie</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Distributing Authoritative Name Servers via
                       Shared Unicast Addresses</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">April 2002. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.9.11"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3901</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Durand</span> and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Ihren</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">DNS IPv6 Transport Operational Guidelines</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">September 2004. </span>
              </p>
</div>
            </div>
            <div class="bibliodiv">

              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.10.2"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1712</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Farrell</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Schulze</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Pleitner</span>, and <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Baldoni</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle"><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Geographical
                  Location</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.10.3"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2673</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Binary Labels in the Domain Name System</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.10.4"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2874</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation
                       and Renumbering</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">July 2000. </span>
              </p>
</div>
            </div>
            <div class="bibliodiv">

              <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
                <p>
                  Most of these have been consolidated into RFC4033,
                  RFC4034 and RFC4035 which collectively describe DNSSECbis.
                </p>
              </div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.11.3"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2065</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Kaufman</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Domain Name System Security Extensions</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">January 1997. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.11.4"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2137</abbr>]

                <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Secure Domain Name System Dynamic Update</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.11.5"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2535</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Domain Name System Security Extensions</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.11.6"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3008</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC)
                       Signing Authority</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.11.7"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3090</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">DNS Security Extension Clarification on Zone Status</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">March 2001. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.11.8"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3445</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span> and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Limiting the Scope of the KEY Resource Record (RR)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">December 2002. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.11.9"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3655</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Redefinition of DNS Authenticated Data (AD) bit</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">November 2003. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.11.10"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3658</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Record (RR)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">December 2003. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.11.11"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3755</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Weiler</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Legacy Resolver Compatibility for Delegation Signer (DS)</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">May 2004. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.11.12"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3757</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Kolkman</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>, and <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Domain Name System KEY (DNSKEY) Resource Record
                      (RR) Secure Entry Point (SEP) Flag</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">April 2004. </span>
              </p>
</div>
              <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.2.6.11.13"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3845</abbr>]

                <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>. </span>
                <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">DNS Security (DNSSEC) NextSECure (NSEC) RDATA Format</em>. </span>
                <span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span>
              </p>
</div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="internet_drafts"></a>Internet Drafts</h3></div></div></div>

          <p>
            Internet Drafts (IDs) are rough-draft working documents of
            the Internet Engineering Task Force. They are, in essence, RFCs
            in the preliminary stages of development. Implementors are
            cautioned not
            to regard IDs as archival, and they should not be quoted or cited
            in any formal documents unless accompanied by the disclaimer that
            they are "works in progress." IDs have a lifespan of six months
            after which they are deleted unless updated by their authors.
          </p>
        </div>
        <div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="more_about_bind"></a>Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
</h3></div></div></div>

          <p></p>
          <div class="bibliography">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id-1.12.3.4.3"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
            <div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id-1.12.3.4.3.1"></a><p>
              <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Paul</span> <span class="surname">Albitz</span> and <span class="firstname">Cricket</span> <span class="surname">Liu</span>. </span>
              <span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle"><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></em>. </span>
              <span class="copyright">Copyright � 1998 Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly and Associates. </span>
            </p>
</div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
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