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a16eb14ad7a4b5ef91ddc22d3e8e92d930f736fcvboxsync<title>Appendix�B.�A Brief History of the DNS and BIND</title>
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d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix�B.�A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
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38008ff8bc90d3bb27eb0ad412de498be8563439vboxsync<div class="appendix">
38008ff8bc90d3bb27eb0ad412de498be8563439vboxsync<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">
38008ff8bc90d3bb27eb0ad412de498be8563439vboxsync<a name="Bv9ARM.ch10"></a>A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
38008ff8bc90d3bb27eb0ad412de498be8563439vboxsync</h1></div></div></div>
058111e7e5eb77a9cfa404836d685f4eec4eeef3vboxsync <p><a name="historical_dns_information"></a>
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync Although the "official" beginning of the Domain Name
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync System occurred in 1984 with the publication of RFC 920, the
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync core of the new system was described in 1983 in RFCs 882 and
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync 883. From 1984 to 1987, the ARPAnet (the precursor to today's
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync Internet) became a testbed of experimentation for developing the
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync new naming/addressing scheme in a rapidly expanding,
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync operational network environment. New RFCs were written and
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync published in 1987 that modified the original documents to
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync incorporate improvements based on the working model. RFC 1034,
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync "Domain Names-Concepts and Facilities", and RFC 1035, "Domain
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync Names-Implementation and Specification" were published and
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync became the standards upon which all <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> implementations are
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync built.
3ee05df7c67eccd6d1ecff48edb69e0afd75bb25vboxsync </p>
d292438512fae43184049e5354a9d74788a135edvboxsync
d292438512fae43184049e5354a9d74788a135edvboxsync <p>
058111e7e5eb77a9cfa404836d685f4eec4eeef3vboxsync The first working domain name server, called "Jeeves", was
058111e7e5eb77a9cfa404836d685f4eec4eeef3vboxsync written in 1983-84 by Paul Mockapetris for operation on DEC
058111e7e5eb77a9cfa404836d685f4eec4eeef3vboxsync Tops-20
058111e7e5eb77a9cfa404836d685f4eec4eeef3vboxsync machines located at the University of Southern California's
058111e7e5eb77a9cfa404836d685f4eec4eeef3vboxsync Information
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync Sciences Institute (USC-ISI) and SRI International's Network
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync Information
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync Center (SRI-NIC). A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> server for
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync Unix machines, the Berkeley Internet
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync Name Domain (<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>) package, was
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync written soon after by a group of
d14b45df33b70c47b6eab2507de958c04711f38cvboxsync graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley
under
a grant from the US Defense Advanced Research Projects
Administration
(DARPA).
</p>
<p>
Versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> through
4.8.3 were maintained by the Computer
Systems Research Group (CSRG) at UC Berkeley. Douglas Terry, Mark
Painter, David Riggle and Songnian Zhou made up the initial <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
project team. After that, additional work on the software package
was done by Ralph Campbell. Kevin Dunlap, a Digital Equipment
Corporation
employee on loan to the CSRG, worked on <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> for 2 years, from 1985
to 1987. Many other people also contributed to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development
during that time: Doug Kingston, Craig Partridge, Smoot
Carl-Mitchell,
Mike Muuss, Jim Bloom and Mike Schwartz. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> maintenance was subsequently
handled by Mike Karels and �ivind Kure.
</p>
<p>
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions 4.9 and 4.9.1 were
released by Digital Equipment
Corporation (now Compaq Computer Corporation). Paul Vixie, then
a DEC employee, became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s
primary caretaker. He was assisted
by Phil Almquist, Robert Elz, Alan Barrett, Paul Albitz, Bryan
Beecher, Andrew
Partan, Andy Cherenson, Tom Limoncelli, Berthold Paffrath, Fuat
Baran, Anant Kumar, Art Harkin, Win Treese, Don Lewis, Christophe
Wolfhugel, and others.
</p>
<p>
In 1994, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 4.9.2 was sponsored by
Vixie Enterprises. Paul
Vixie became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s principal
architect/programmer.
</p>
<p>
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions from 4.9.3 onward
have been developed and maintained
by the Internet Systems Consortium and its predecessor,
the Internet Software Consortium, with support being provided
by ISC's sponsors.
</p>
<p>
As co-architects/programmers, Bob Halley and
Paul Vixie released the first production-ready version of
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 8 in May 1997.
</p>
<p>
BIND version 9 was released in September 2000 and is a
major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the underlying
BIND architecture.
</p>
<p>
BIND versions 4 and 8 are officially deprecated.
No additional development is done
on BIND version 4 or BIND version 8.
</p>
<p>
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development work is made
possible today by the sponsorship
of several corporations, and by the tireless work efforts of
numerous individuals.
</p>
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