Bv9ARM.ch09.html revision e250148432865805a3d2fd0029c02af8a67ff266
19c7b1a0293498a3e36692c59646ed6e15ffc8d0Tinderbox User>Appendices</TITLE
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontNAME="GENERATOR"
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7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontTITLE="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontREL="PREVIOUS"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontTITLE="Troubleshooting"
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7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</TH
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="bottom"
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan HuntALIGN="center"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="bottom"
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan HuntALIGN="right"
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan HuntVALIGN="bottom"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="appendix"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>Appendix A. Appendices</A
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>Table of Contents</B
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>Acknowledgements</A
30eec077db2bdcb6f2a0dc388a3cdde2ede75ec1Mark AndrewsHREF="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#historical_dns_information"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>Historical <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> Information</A
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>General <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> Reference Information</A
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontHREF="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bibliography"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</A
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontNAME="AEN4096"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>A.1. Acknowledgements</A
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontNAME="AEN4098"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>A.1.1. A Brief History of the <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>Although the "official" beginning of the Domain Name
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont System occurred in 1984 with the publication of RFC 920, the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt core of the new system was described in 1983 in RFCs 882 and
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont 883. From 1984 to 1987, the ARPAnet (the precursor to today's
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Internet) became a testbed of experimentation for developing the
30eec077db2bdcb6f2a0dc388a3cdde2ede75ec1Mark Andrews new naming/addressing scheme in an rapidly expanding,
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont operational network environment. New RFCs were written and
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont published in 1987 that modified the original documents to
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont incorporate improvements based on the working model. RFC 1034,
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont "Domain Names-Concepts and Facilities," and RFC 1035, "Domain
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont Names-Implementation and Specification" were published and
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont became the standards upon which all <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> implementations are
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>The first working domain name server, called "Jeeves," was
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontwritten in 1983-84 by Paul Mockapetris for operation on DEC Tops-20
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontmachines located at the University of Southern California's Information
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontSciences Institute (USC-ISI) and SRI International's Network Information
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCenter (SRI-NIC). A <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt> server for Unix machines, the Berkeley Internet
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontName Domain (<SPAN
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan HuntCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>) package, was written soon after by a group of
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontgraduate students at the University of California at Berkeley under
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Duponta grant from the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Administration
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont(DARPA). Versions of <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> through 4.8.3 were maintained by the Computer
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontSystems Research Group (CSRG) at UC Berkeley. Douglas Terry, Mark
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontPainter, David Riggle and Songnian Zhou made up the initial <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontproject team. After that, additional work on the software package
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontwas done by Ralph Campbell. Kevin Dunlap, a Digital Equipment Corporation
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontemployee on loan to the CSRG, worked on <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> for 2 years, from 1985
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontto 1987. Many other people also contributed to <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontduring that time: Doug Kingston, Craig Partridge, Smoot Carl-Mitchell,
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontMike Muuss, Jim Bloom and Mike Schwartz. <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> maintenance was subsequently
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Duponthandled by Mike Karels and O. Kure.</P
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> versions 4.9 and 4.9.1 were released by Digital Equipment
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCorporation (now Compaq Computer Corporation). Paul Vixie, then
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Duponta DEC employee, became <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>'s primary caretaker. Paul was assisted
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontby Phil Almquist, Robert Elz, Alan Barrett, Paul Albitz, Bryan Beecher, Andrew
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontPartan, Andy Cherenson, Tom Limoncelli, Berthold Paffrath, Fuat
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontBaran, Anant Kumar, Art Harkin, Win Treese, Don Lewis, Christophe
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontWolfhugel, and others.</P
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> Version 4.9.2 was sponsored by Vixie Enterprises. Paul
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVixie became <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> versions from 4.9.3 onward have been developed and maintained
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontby the Internet Software Consortium with support being provided
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontby ISC's sponsors. As co-architects/programmers, Bob Halley and
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontPaul Vixie released the first production-ready version of <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont8 in May 1997.</P
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> development work is made possible today by the sponsorship
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontof several corporations, and by the tireless work efforts of numerous
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontindividuals.</P
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontNAME="historical_dns_information"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>A.2. Historical <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> Information</A
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontNAME="classes_of_resource_records"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>A.2.1. Classes of Resource Records</A
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontNAME="AEN4128"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>A.2.1.1. HS = hesiod</A
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="optional"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>] class is an information service
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontdeveloped by MIT's Project Athena. It is used to share information
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontabout various systems databases, such as users, groups, printers
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontand so on. The keyword <B
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="command"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> is a synonym for
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontNAME="AEN4133"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>A.2.1.2. CH = chaos</A
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="command"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> class is used to specify zone
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontdata for the MIT-developed CHAOSnet, a LAN protocol created in the
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontNAME="AEN4137"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>A.3. General <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> Reference Information</A
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontNAME="ipv6addresses"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>A.3.1. IPv6 addresses (A6)</A
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>IPv6 addresses are 128-bit identifiers for interfaces and
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontsets of interfaces which were introduced in the <SPAN
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="acronym"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont> to facilitate
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontscalable Internet routing. There are three types of addresses: <I
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="emphasis"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontan identifier for a single interface; <I
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="emphasis"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontan identifier for a set of interfaces; and <I
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="emphasis"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupontan identifier for a set of interfaces. Here we describe the global
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontUnicast address scheme. For more information, see RFC 2374.</P
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>The aggregatable global Unicast address format is as follows:</P
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="informaltable"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontNAME="AEN4148"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCELLPADDING="3"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="CALSTABLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>Interface ID</P
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont><------ Public Topology
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont------></P
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont><-Site Topology-></P
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
ce67023ae3ad39a77da5361d0187ab6f3f0219cbMark AndrewsVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont><------ Interface Identifier ------></P
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="informaltable"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontNAME="AEN4217"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCELLPADDING="3"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontCLASS="CALSTABLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>Format Prefix (001)</P
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>Top-Level Aggregation Identifier</P
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>Reserved for future use</P
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis Dupont>Next-Level Aggregation Identifier</P
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
7768b049c0b39662baca604ec32b32c6480f8dc6Francis DupontVALIGN="MIDDLE"
HREF="ftp://www.isi.edu/in-notes/"
HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/"
HREF="Bv9ARM.ch08.html"
HREF="Bv9ARM.html"