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19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof - Copyright (C) 2004-2013 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix�A.�Appendices</th></tr>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html">Prev</a>�</td>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">Next</a>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="Bv9ARM.ch09"></a>Appendix�A.�Appendices</h2></div></div></div>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2605069">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#historical_dns_information">A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt></dl></dd>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2605241">General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</a></span></dt>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#ipv6addresses">IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bibliography">Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</a></span></dt>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#rfcs">Request for Comments (RFCs)</a></span></dt>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#internet_drafts">Internet Drafts</a></span></dt>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2608453">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2610133">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2610142">Compilation</a></span></dt>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2610167">Installation</a></span></dt>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2610266">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2610343">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2610370">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2611274">Library References</a></span></dt>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605069"></a>Acknowledgments</h2></div></div></div>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="historical_dns_information"></a>A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Although the "official" beginning of the Domain Name
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof System occurred in 1984 with the publication of RFC 920, the
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof core of the new system was described in 1983 in RFCs 882 and
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof 883. From 1984 to 1987, the ARPAnet (the precursor to today's
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Internet) became a testbed of experimentation for developing the
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof new naming/addressing scheme in a rapidly expanding,
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof operational network environment. New RFCs were written and
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof published in 1987 that modified the original documents to
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof incorporate improvements based on the working model. RFC 1034,
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof "Domain Names-Concepts and Facilities", and RFC 1035, "Domain
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Names-Implementation and Specification" were published and
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof became the standards upon which all <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> implementations are
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof The first working domain name server, called "Jeeves", was
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof written in 1983-84 by Paul Mockapetris for operation on DEC
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof machines located at the University of Southern California's
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Sciences Institute (USC-ISI) and SRI International's Network
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Center (SRI-NIC). A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> server for
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Unix machines, the Berkeley Internet
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Name Domain (<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>) package, was
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof written soon after by a group of
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof a grant from the US Defense Advanced Research Projects
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Administration
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> through
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof 4.8.3 were maintained by the Computer
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Systems Research Group (CSRG) at UC Berkeley. Douglas Terry, Mark
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Painter, David Riggle and Songnian Zhou made up the initial <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof project team. After that, additional work on the software package
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof was done by Ralph Campbell. Kevin Dunlap, a Digital Equipment
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof employee on loan to the CSRG, worked on <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> for 2 years, from 1985
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof to 1987. Many other people also contributed to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof during that time: Doug Kingston, Craig Partridge, Smoot
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Carl-Mitchell,
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Mike Muuss, Jim Bloom and Mike Schwartz. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> maintenance was subsequently
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof handled by Mike Karels and �ivind Kure.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions 4.9 and 4.9.1 were
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof released by Digital Equipment
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Corporation (now Compaq Computer Corporation). Paul Vixie, then
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof a DEC employee, became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof primary caretaker. He was assisted
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof by Phil Almquist, Robert Elz, Alan Barrett, Paul Albitz, Bryan
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Beecher, Andrew
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Partan, Andy Cherenson, Tom Limoncelli, Berthold Paffrath, Fuat
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Baran, Anant Kumar, Art Harkin, Win Treese, Don Lewis, Christophe
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Wolfhugel, and others.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof In 1994, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 4.9.2 was sponsored by
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Vixie Enterprises. Paul
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Vixie became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s principal
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions from 4.9.3 onward
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof have been developed and maintained
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof by the Internet Systems Consortium and its predecessor,
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof the Internet Software Consortium, with support being provided
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof by ISC's sponsors.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Paul Vixie released the first production-ready version of
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 8 in May 1997.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof BIND version 9 was released in September 2000 and is a
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the underlying
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof BIND architecture.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof BIND versions 4 and 8 are officially deprecated.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof No additional development is done
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof on BIND version 4 or BIND version 8.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development work is made
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof possible today by the sponsorship
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof of several corporations, and by the tireless work efforts of
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof numerous individuals.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605241"></a>General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</h2></div></div></div>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="ipv6addresses"></a>IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</h3></div></div></div>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof IPv6 addresses are 128-bit identifiers for interfaces and
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof sets of interfaces which were introduced in the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to facilitate
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof scalable Internet routing. There are three types of addresses: <span class="emphasis"><em>Unicast</em></span>,
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof an identifier for a single interface;
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof an identifier for a set of interfaces; and <span class="emphasis"><em>Multicast</em></span>,
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof an identifier for a set of interfaces. Here we describe the global
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Unicast address scheme. For more information, see RFC 3587,
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof "Global Unicast Address Format."
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof IPv6 unicast addresses consist of a
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof <span class="emphasis"><em>global routing prefix</em></span>, a
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof <span class="emphasis"><em>subnet identifier</em></span>, and an
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof <span class="emphasis"><em>interface identifier</em></span>.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof The global routing prefix is provided by the
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof upstream provider or ISP, and (roughly) corresponds to the
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof IPv4 <span class="emphasis"><em>network</em></span> section
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof of the address range.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof The subnet identifier is for local subnetting, much the
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof same as subnetting an
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof IPv4 /16 network into /24 subnets.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof The interface identifier is the address of an individual
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof interface on a given network; in IPv6, addresses belong to
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof interfaces rather than to machines.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof The subnetting capability of IPv6 is much more flexible than
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof that of IPv4: subnetting can be carried out on bit boundaries,
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof in much the same way as Classless InterDomain Routing
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof (CIDR), and the DNS PTR representation ("nibble" format)
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof makes setting up reverse zones easier.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof The Interface Identifier must be unique on the local link,
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof and is usually generated automatically by the IPv6
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof implementation, although it is usually possible to
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof override the default setting if necessary. A typical IPv6
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof address might look like:
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof <span><strong class="command">2001:db8:201:9:a00:20ff:fe81:2b32</strong></span>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof IPv6 address specifications often contain long strings
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof of zeros, so the architects have included a shorthand for
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof them. The double colon (`::') indicates the longest possible
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof of zeros that can fit, and can be used only once in an address.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="bibliography"></a>Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</h2></div></div></div>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="rfcs"></a>Request for Comments (RFCs)</h3></div></div></div>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Specification documents for the Internet protocol suite, including
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>, are published as part of
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof the Request for Comments (RFCs)
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof series of technical notes. The standards themselves are defined
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Engineering Steering Group (IESG). RFCs can be obtained online via FTP at:
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof <a href="ftp://www.isi.edu/in-notes/" target="_top">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof ftp://www.isi.edu/in-notes/RFC<em class="replaceable"><code>xxxx</code></em>.txt
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof (where <em class="replaceable"><code>xxxx</code></em> is
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof the number of the RFC). RFCs are also available via the Web at:
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/" target="_top">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/</a>.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605429"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605440"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC974</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Partridge</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Mail Routing and the Domain System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1986. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605463"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1034</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names — Concepts and Facilities</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605555"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1035</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names — Implementation and
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Specification</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="proposed_standards"></a>Proposed Standards</h3>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605591"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2181</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R., R. Bush</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Clarifications to the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Specification</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">July 1997. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605618"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2308</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Andrews</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Negative Caching of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Queries</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605643"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1995</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Ohta</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Incremental Zone Transfer in <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605668"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1996</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605691"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2136</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Rekhter</span>, and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Bound</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605747"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2671</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1997. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605773"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2672</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Non-Terminal DNS Name Redirection</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605800"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Transaction Authentication for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> (TSIG)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605862"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2930</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605892"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2931</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Request and Transaction Signatures (SIG(0)s)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605922"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3007</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2605948"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3645</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Kwan</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Garg</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Gilroy</span>, <span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Westhead</span>, and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Hall</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Generic Security Service Algorithm for Secret
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Key Transaction Authentication for DNS
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof (GSS-TSIG)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 2003. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Security Proposed Standards</h3>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606030"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3225</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Conrad</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Indicating Resolver Support of DNSSEC</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2001. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606057"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3833</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Atkins</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Threat Analysis of the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606093"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4033</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Introduction and Requirements</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606158"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4034</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606224"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4035</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Protocol Modifications for the DNS
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<h3 class="title">Other Important RFCs About <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Implementation</h3>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606297"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1535</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Gavron</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Security Problem and Proposed Correction With Widely
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Deployed <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Software.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606323"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1536</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Kumar</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Neuman</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Danzig</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Miller</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Implementation
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Errors and Suggested Fixes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606391"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1982</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Bush</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Serial Number Arithmetic</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606426"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4074</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Morishita</span> and <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Jinmei</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common Misbehaviour Against <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Queries for IPv6 Addresses</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2005. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606472"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1183</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.F.</span> <span class="surname">Everhart</span>, <span class="firstname">L. A.</span> <span class="surname">Mamakos</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Ullmann</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>New <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR Definitions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1990. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606530"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1706</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Colella</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> NSAP Resource Records</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1994. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606567"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2168</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">June 1997. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606602"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1876</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Davis</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span>, and <span class="firstname">I.</span> <span class="surname">Dickinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Means for Expressing Location Information in the
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1996. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606657"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2052</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR for Specifying the
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Services.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606695"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2163</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Allocchio</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Internet <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Distribute MIXER
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Conformant Global Address Mapping</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1998. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606721"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2230</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Atkinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Key Exchange Delegation Record for the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606746"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2536</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DSA KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606773"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/MD5 KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606800"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2538</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storing Certificates in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606839"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2539</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storage of Diffie-Hellman Keys in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606869"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2540</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Detached Domain Name System (DNS) Information</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606899"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2782</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2000. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606941"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2915</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2606974"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3110</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/SHA-1 SIGs and RSA KEYs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2001. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607001"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Koch</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR Type for Lists of Address Prefixes (APL RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">June 2001. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607025"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3596</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>, <span class="firstname">V.</span> <span class="surname">Ksinant</span>, and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Souissi</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Extensions to support IP
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof version 6</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 2003. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607082"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3597</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gustafsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record (RR) Types</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2003. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and the Internet</h3>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607114"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1101</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Network Names
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof and Other Types</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1989. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607140"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="surname">Braden</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Support</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1989. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607162"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1591</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Structure and Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1994. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607254"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2317</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">H.</span> <span class="surname">Eidnes</span>, <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">de Groot</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607300"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2826</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">Internet Architecture Board</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>IAB Technical Comment on the Unique DNS Root</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607323"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2929</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Brunner-Williams</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operations</h3>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607381"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1033</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Lottor</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain administrators operations guide.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607404"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Beertema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Data File
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Configuration Errors</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607431"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1912</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Barr</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operational and
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Configuration Errors</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 1996. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607458"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2010</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Operational Criteria for Root Name Servers.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607494"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2219</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Hamilton</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Wright</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Use of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Aliases for
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Network Services.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<h3 class="title">Internationalized Domain Names</h3>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607540"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2825</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">IAB</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daigle</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Tangled Web: Issues of I18N, Domain Names,
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof and the Other Internet protocols</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607572"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3490</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Faltstrom</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span>, and <span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607618"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3491</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Blanchet</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Nameprep: A Stringprep Profile for Internationalized Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607653"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3492</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Punycode: A Bootstring encoding of Unicode
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof for Internationalized Domain Names in
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Applications (IDNA)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<h3 class="title">Other <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>-related RFCs</h3>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Note: the following list of RFCs, although
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>-related, are not
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof concerned with implementing software.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607698"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1464</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Rosenbaum</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Domain Name System To Store Arbitrary String
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Attributes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1993. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607720"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1713</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Romao</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Tools for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Debugging</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607746"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1794</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Brisco</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Support for Load
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Balancing</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1995. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607771"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2240</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1997. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607795"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2345</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Wolf</span>, and <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">Oglesby</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names and Company Name Retrieval</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607841"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2352</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Convention For Using Legal Names as Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607864"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3071</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Reflections on the DNS, RFC 1591, and Categories of Domains</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2001. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607891"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3258</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Hardie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Distributing Authoritative Name Servers via
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Shared Unicast Addresses</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 2002. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607916"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3901</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Durand</span> and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Ihren</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS IPv6 Transport Operational Guidelines</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2004. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<h3 class="title">Obsolete and Unimplemented Experimental RFC</h3>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2607960"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1712</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Farrell</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Schulze</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Pleitner</span>, and <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Baldoni</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Geographical
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Location</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608018"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2673</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Binary Labels in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608044"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2874</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof and Renumbering</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">July 2000. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<h3 class="title">Obsoleted DNS Security RFCs</h3>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Most of these have been consolidated into RFC4033,
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof RFC4034 and RFC4035 which collectively describe DNSSECbis.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608092"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2065</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Kaufman</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1997. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608132"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2137</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608158"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2535</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608188"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3008</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC)
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Signing Authority</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608214"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3090</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Extension Clarification on Zone Status</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2001. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608241"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3445</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span> and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Limiting the Scope of the KEY Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2002. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608277"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3655</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Redefinition of DNS Authenticated Data (AD) bit</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2003. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608313"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3658</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2003. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608340"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3755</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Weiler</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Legacy Resolver Compatibility for Delegation Signer (DS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2004. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608366"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3757</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Kolkman</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>, and <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System KEY (DNSKEY) Resource Record
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof (RR) Secure Entry Point (SEP) Flag</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 2004. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608411"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security (DNSSEC) NextSECure (NSEC) RDATA Format</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="internet_drafts"></a>Internet Drafts</h3></div></div></div>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Internet Drafts (IDs) are rough-draft working documents of
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof the Internet Engineering Task Force. They are, in essence, RFCs
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof in the preliminary stages of development. Implementors are
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof cautioned not
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof to regard IDs as archival, and they should not be quoted or cited
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof in any formal documents unless accompanied by the disclaimer that
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof they are "works in progress." IDs have a lifespan of six months
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof after which they are deleted unless updated by their authors.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608453"></a>Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608462"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2608465"></a><p><span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Paul</span> <span class="surname">Albitz</span> and <span class="firstname">Cricket</span> <span class="surname">Liu</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></i>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright � 1998 Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly and Associates. </span></p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="bind9.library"></a>BIND 9 DNS Library Support</h2></div></div></div>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<p>This version of BIND 9 "exports" its internal libraries so
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof that they can be used by third-party applications more easily (we
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof call them "export" libraries in this document). In addition to
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof all major DNS-related APIs BIND 9 is currently using, the export
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof libraries provide the following features:</p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<li><p>The newly created "DNS client" module. This is a higher
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof level API that provides an interface to name resolution,
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof single DNS transaction with a particular server, and dynamic
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof update. Regarding name resolution, it supports advanced
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof features such as DNSSEC validation and caching. This module
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof supports both synchronous and asynchronous mode.</p></li>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<li><p>The new "IRS" (Information Retrieval System) library.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof It provides an interface to parse the traditional resolv.conf
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof file and more advanced, DNS-specific configuration file for
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof the rest of this package (see the description for the
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<li><p>As part of the IRS library, newly implemented standard
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof address-name mapping functions, getaddrinfo() and
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof getnameinfo(), are provided. They use the DNSSEC-aware
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof validating resolver backend, and could use other advanced
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof features of the BIND 9 libraries such as caching. The
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof getaddrinfo() function resolves both A and AAAA RRs
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof concurrently (when the address family is unspecified).</p></li>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<li><p>An experimental framework to support other event
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof libraries than BIND 9's internal event task system.</p></li>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2610133"></a>Prerequisite</h3></div></div></div>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<p>GNU make is required to build the export libraries (other
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof part of BIND 9 can still be built with other types of make). In
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof the reminder of this document, "make" means GNU make. Note that
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof in some platforms you may need to invoke a different command name
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof than "make" (e.g. "gmake") to indicate it's GNU make.</p>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2610142"></a>Compilation</h3></div></div></div>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags]</code></em></code></strong>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof This will create (in addition to usual BIND 9 programs) and a
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof separate set of libraries under the lib/export directory. For
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof example, <code class="filename">lib/export/dns/libdns.a</code> is the archive file of the
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof export version of the BIND 9 DNS library. Sample application
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof programs using the libraries will also be built under the
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof<a name="id2610167"></a>Installation</h3></div></div></div>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof$ <strong class="userinput"><code>cd lib/export</code></strong>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make install</code></strong>
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof This will install library object files under the directory
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof specified by the --with-export-libdir configure option (default:
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof EPREFIX/lib/bind9), and header files under the directory
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof specified by the --with-export-includedir configure option
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof Root privilege is normally required.
19715d9462f14c8543082f8df232e3c99a8453caJabiertxof "<span><strong class="command">make install</strong></span>" at the top directory will do the
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-fixed-rrset <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags, but not --enable-exportlib]</code></em></code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags, but not --enable-fixed-rrset]</code></em></code></strong>
<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys" title="trusted-keys Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a> for details.)</p>
example, to specify the following DNSKEY of example.com:
-e -k example.com -K "xxx"
"domain". Example: -s example.com:2001:db8::1234
<a name="id2610469"></a>sample-async: a simple stub resolver, working asynchronously</h4></div></div></div>
<a name="id2610586"></a>sample-gai: getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() test code</h4></div></div></div>
returned by getaddrinfo(). If the dns.conf file exists and
<a name="id2610601"></a>sample-update: a simple dynamic update client program</h4></div></div></div>
dynamic.example.com zone has an IPv6 address 2001:db8::1234,
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key add "foo.dynamic.example.com 30 IN A 192.168.2.1"</code></strong></pre>
adds an A RR for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key delete "foo.dynamic.example.com 30 IN A"</code></strong></pre>
removes all A RRs for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key delete "foo.dynamic.example.com"</code></strong></pre>
removes all RRs for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
<a name="id2611210"></a>nsprobe: domain/name server checker in terms of RFC 4074</h4></div></div></div>
"example.com". In general this domain name must be the apex
"www.example.com"). nsprobe first identifies the NS RRsets for