Bv9ARM.ch09.html revision 65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01
7d32c065c7bb56f281651ae3dd2888f32ce4f1d9Bob Halley - Copyright (C) 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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7bb0f11636e097c7c5fff0fcd3c0cc11f679e7a3David Lawrence<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<link rel="prev" href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html" title="Chapter�8.�Troubleshooting">
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<link rel="next" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html" title="Manual pages">
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6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix�A.�Appendices</th></tr>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html">Prev</a>�</td>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">Next</a>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="Bv9ARM.ch09"></a>Appendix�A.�Appendices</h2></div></div></div>
b984520acca2532d048eae929dc0682dd334c7a3Brian Wellington<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2602697">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#historical_dns_information">A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt></dl></dd>
b984520acca2532d048eae929dc0682dd334c7a3Brian Wellington<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2602801">General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</a></span></dt>
b984520acca2532d048eae929dc0682dd334c7a3Brian Wellington<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#ipv6addresses">IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bibliography">Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</a></span></dt>
b984520acca2532d048eae929dc0682dd334c7a3Brian Wellington<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#rfcs">Request for Comments (RFCs)</a></span></dt>
809fdfba224a83fcc5a8ae4394cf2a477d13dc91Brian Wellington<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#internet_drafts">Internet Drafts</a></span></dt>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2606081">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2606769">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2606778">Compilation</a></span></dt>
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2606803">Installation</a></span></dt>
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2607585">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2607661">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2607688">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2608661">Library References</a></span></dt>
ac335315cddc0a42b9235001197dcf719ae737b6Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
fb01226bcd598c36b5edc566489c890c39f03ed3Brian Wellington<a name="id2602697"></a>Acknowledgments</h2></div></div></div>
b984520acca2532d048eae929dc0682dd334c7a3Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="historical_dns_information"></a>A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
3f6dc1703f76a24b34ed3bc839447291c33ca837Brian Wellington Although the "official" beginning of the Domain Name
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington System occurred in 1984 with the publication of RFC 920, the
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington core of the new system was described in 1983 in RFCs 882 and
e552b980379e3a7ffce1411a939c62e27f953133Brian Wellington 883. From 1984 to 1987, the ARPAnet (the precursor to today's
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Internet) became a testbed of experimentation for developing the
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington new naming/addressing scheme in a rapidly expanding,
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington operational network environment. New RFCs were written and
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington published in 1987 that modified the original documents to
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington incorporate improvements based on the working model. RFC 1034,
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington "Domain Names-Concepts and Facilities", and RFC 1035, "Domain
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Names-Implementation and Specification" were published and
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington became the standards upon which all <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> implementations are
da786e7937416989e94b79bc47b6974eabdb4569Brian Wellington The first working domain name server, called "Jeeves", was
da786e7937416989e94b79bc47b6974eabdb4569Brian Wellington written in 1983-84 by Paul Mockapetris for operation on DEC
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington machines located at the University of Southern California's
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Sciences Institute (USC-ISI) and SRI International's Network
e552b980379e3a7ffce1411a939c62e27f953133Brian Wellington Center (SRI-NIC). A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> server for
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Unix machines, the Berkeley Internet
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Name Domain (<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>) package, was
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington written soon after by a group of
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington a grant from the US Defense Advanced Research Projects
d2524f38d22998efb4196410643280b14f8b6febBob Halley Administration
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> through
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington 4.8.3 were maintained by the Computer
d2524f38d22998efb4196410643280b14f8b6febBob Halley Systems Research Group (CSRG) at UC Berkeley. Douglas Terry, Mark
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Painter, David Riggle and Songnian Zhou made up the initial <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
d598338952797df77417e69fcb8782b73651f9a9Brian Wellington project team. After that, additional work on the software package
d598338952797df77417e69fcb8782b73651f9a9Brian Wellington was done by Ralph Campbell. Kevin Dunlap, a Digital Equipment
d598338952797df77417e69fcb8782b73651f9a9Brian Wellington employee on loan to the CSRG, worked on <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> for 2 years, from 1985
d598338952797df77417e69fcb8782b73651f9a9Brian Wellington to 1987. Many other people also contributed to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development
d598338952797df77417e69fcb8782b73651f9a9Brian Wellington during that time: Doug Kingston, Craig Partridge, Smoot
d598338952797df77417e69fcb8782b73651f9a9Brian Wellington Carl-Mitchell,
4be64854b4a3da0465bf962caa8488699e0e0681Brian Wellington Mike Muuss, Jim Bloom and Mike Schwartz. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> maintenance was subsequently
d598338952797df77417e69fcb8782b73651f9a9Brian Wellington handled by Mike Karels and �ivind Kure.
d598338952797df77417e69fcb8782b73651f9a9Brian Wellington <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions 4.9 and 4.9.1 were
d598338952797df77417e69fcb8782b73651f9a9Brian Wellington released by Digital Equipment
4a2f65ad8a26261e758d9682d88eb29395422fb9Brian Wellington Corporation (now Compaq Computer Corporation). Paul Vixie, then
4a2f65ad8a26261e758d9682d88eb29395422fb9Brian Wellington a DEC employee, became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s
d598338952797df77417e69fcb8782b73651f9a9Brian Wellington primary caretaker. He was assisted
e492431068bde45f2d0b3a5d4e62f708c8ef9f2eBrian Wellington by Phil Almquist, Robert Elz, Alan Barrett, Paul Albitz, Bryan
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington Beecher, Andrew
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington Partan, Andy Cherenson, Tom Limoncelli, Berthold Paffrath, Fuat
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington Baran, Anant Kumar, Art Harkin, Win Treese, Don Lewis, Christophe
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Wolfhugel, and others.
a9bc95f22ef2dd4a12e79be99412c9f18b814a5dBrian Wellington In 1994, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 4.9.2 was sponsored by
1fd4766e5b732c04c06ef44c0338b3b6bdbf2457Brian Wellington Vixie Enterprises. Paul
1fd4766e5b732c04c06ef44c0338b3b6bdbf2457Brian Wellington Vixie became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s principal
183d6e8b51170e57e7268120d475927fffcf08a5Brian Wellington <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions from 4.9.3 onward
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington have been developed and maintained
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington by the Internet Systems Consortium and its predecessor,
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington the Internet Software Consortium, with support being provided
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington by ISC's sponsors.
1a2c699f0eb89fbd776a2dfabb6e197fe36a8c20Brian Wellington As co-architects/programmers, Bob Halley and
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington Paul Vixie released the first production-ready version of
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 8 in May 1997.
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington BIND version 9 was released in September 2000 and is a
e552b980379e3a7ffce1411a939c62e27f953133Brian Wellington major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the underlying
e552b980379e3a7ffce1411a939c62e27f953133Brian Wellington BIND architecture.
fb01226bcd598c36b5edc566489c890c39f03ed3Brian Wellington BIND versions 4 and 8 are officially deprecated.
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington No additional development is done
8dd915daf3f75ac9d04395e61157fdea825f3ebaBrian Wellington on BIND version 4 or BIND version 8.
8dd915daf3f75ac9d04395e61157fdea825f3ebaBrian Wellington <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development work is made
8dd915daf3f75ac9d04395e61157fdea825f3ebaBrian Wellington possible today by the sponsorship
419590499823ce15b5d2ad4fe71eaf04bd5a86c0Michael Graff of several corporations, and by the tireless work efforts of
8dd915daf3f75ac9d04395e61157fdea825f3ebaBrian Wellington numerous individuals.
b6666e61dc9b91f4ac6af3aa1172bfd8a5f2d6ffBrian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
b6666e61dc9b91f4ac6af3aa1172bfd8a5f2d6ffBrian Wellington<a name="id2602801"></a>General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</h2></div></div></div>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="ipv6addresses"></a>IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</h3></div></div></div>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington IPv6 addresses are 128-bit identifiers for interfaces and
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington sets of interfaces which were introduced in the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to facilitate
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington scalable Internet routing. There are three types of addresses: <span class="emphasis"><em>Unicast</em></span>,
ddbc279e7b6a2d6ba682e60ca12956406030054bBrian Wellington an identifier for a single interface;
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington <span class="emphasis"><em>Anycast</em></span>,
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington an identifier for a set of interfaces; and <span class="emphasis"><em>Multicast</em></span>,
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington an identifier for a set of interfaces. Here we describe the global
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Unicast address scheme. For more information, see RFC 3587,
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington "Global Unicast Address Format."
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington IPv6 unicast addresses consist of a
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington <span class="emphasis"><em>global routing prefix</em></span>, a
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington <span class="emphasis"><em>subnet identifier</em></span>, and an
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington <span class="emphasis"><em>interface identifier</em></span>.
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington The global routing prefix is provided by the
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington upstream provider or ISP, and (roughly) corresponds to the
d0345e08f26267c1d11e02af57a6555868068415Brian Wellington IPv4 <span class="emphasis"><em>network</em></span> section
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington of the address range.
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington The subnet identifier is for local subnetting, much the
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington same as subnetting an
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington IPv4 /16 network into /24 subnets.
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington The interface identifier is the address of an individual
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington interface on a given network; in IPv6, addresses belong to
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington interfaces rather than to machines.
d598338952797df77417e69fcb8782b73651f9a9Brian Wellington The subnetting capability of IPv6 is much more flexible than
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington that of IPv4: subnetting can be carried out on bit boundaries,
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington in much the same way as Classless InterDomain Routing
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington (CIDR), and the DNS PTR representation ("nibble" format)
d0345e08f26267c1d11e02af57a6555868068415Brian Wellington makes setting up reverse zones easier.
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington The Interface Identifier must be unique on the local link,
d0345e08f26267c1d11e02af57a6555868068415Brian Wellington and is usually generated automatically by the IPv6
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington implementation, although it is usually possible to
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington override the default setting if necessary. A typical IPv6
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington address might look like:
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington <span><strong class="command">2001:db8:201:9:a00:20ff:fe81:2b32</strong></span>
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington IPv6 address specifications often contain long strings
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington of zeros, so the architects have included a shorthand for
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington them. The double colon (`::') indicates the longest possible
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington of zeros that can fit, and can be used only once in an address.
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington<a name="bibliography"></a>Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</h2></div></div></div>
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington<a name="rfcs"></a>Request for Comments (RFCs)</h3></div></div></div>
949d406b57fe80fabc6a60d36a0dcee927c780b3Brian Wellington Specification documents for the Internet protocol suite, including
949d406b57fe80fabc6a60d36a0dcee927c780b3Brian Wellington the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>, are published as part of
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington the Request for Comments (RFCs)
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington series of technical notes. The standards themselves are defined
3f6dc1703f76a24b34ed3bc839447291c33ca837Brian Wellington by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington Engineering Steering Group (IESG). RFCs can be obtained online via FTP at:
4556681e191b7c1654639895ce719d98f2822ee2Michael Graff <a href="ftp://www.isi.edu/in-notes/" target="_top">
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington ftp://www.isi.edu/in-notes/RFC<em class="replaceable"><code>xxxx</code></em>.txt
2c12fc4d63f1d5f9d55fc0ecb198d582da6fd7d3Brian Wellington (where <em class="replaceable"><code>xxxx</code></em> is
d692d9991a731d60b63e6389da1ebf2b2839cfabBrian Wellington the number of the RFC). RFCs are also available via the Web at:
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/" target="_top">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/</a>.
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
05b6b2e6802d503a9e131415b4720f35ab9f08d1Brian Wellington<a name="id2603057"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
fe0e3c7707580da885bb6819e4f307986eb60cd0Brian Wellington<a name="id2603067"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC974</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Partridge</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Mail Routing and the Domain System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1986. </span></p>
c3a4d8072ccd3b33aa3fc84cdeadd1a6fac87e08Michael Graff<a name="id2603091"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1034</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names — Concepts and Facilities</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington<a name="id2603114"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1035</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names — Implementation and
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Specification</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington<a name="proposed_standards"></a>Proposed Standards</h3>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2603150"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2181</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R., R. Bush</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Clarifications to the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
58aaab3687aac838542ee4ef65a9c094a5d34ab0Michael Graff Specification</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">July 1997. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2603177"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2308</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Andrews</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Negative Caching of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington Queries</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2603203"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1995</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Ohta</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Incremental Zone Transfer in <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2603227"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1996</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington<a name="id2603251"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2136</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Rekhter</span>, and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Bound</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2603306"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2671</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1997. </span></p>
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington<a name="id2603333"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2672</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Non-Terminal DNS Name Redirection</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2603360"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Transaction Authentication for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> (TSIG)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington<a name="id2603421"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2930</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
83e4218f6c6497eeaec7fb422b5f662cd98b2ba6David Lawrence<a name="id2603451"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2931</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Request and Transaction Signatures (SIG(0)s)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence<a name="id2603481"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3007</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2603508"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3645</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Kwan</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Garg</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Gilroy</span>, <span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Westhead</span>, and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Hall</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Generic Security Service Algorithm for Secret
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Key Transaction Authentication for DNS
d5334bc18380d25e8a7ee804f68f22dc746b9c20Brian Wellington (GSS-TSIG)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 2003. </span></p>
d84ce5d5c69a7e144fb90fd4b3c349e88e4dcdddBrian Wellington<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Security Proposed Standards</h3>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<a name="id2603590"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3225</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Conrad</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Indicating Resolver Support of DNSSEC</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2001. </span></p>
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<a name="id2603617"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3833</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Atkins</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Threat Analysis of the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<a name="id2603653"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4033</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Introduction and Requirements</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<a name="id2603718"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4034</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington<a name="id2603783"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4035</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Protocol Modifications for the DNS
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<h3 class="title">Other Important RFCs About <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington Implementation</h3>
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<a name="id2603857"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1535</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Gavron</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Security Problem and Proposed Correction With Widely
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington Deployed <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Software.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
d84ce5d5c69a7e144fb90fd4b3c349e88e4dcdddBrian Wellington<a name="id2603882"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1536</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Kumar</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Neuman</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Danzig</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Miller</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Implementation
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington Errors and Suggested Fixes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<a name="id2604019"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1982</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Bush</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Serial Number Arithmetic</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
6e49e91bd08778d7eae45a2229dcf41ed97cc636David Lawrence<a name="id2604054"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4074</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Morishita</span> and <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Jinmei</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common Misbehaviour Against <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Queries for IPv6 Addresses</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2005. </span></p>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington<h3 class="title">Resource Record Types</h3>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<a name="id2604100"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1183</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.F.</span> <span class="surname">Everhart</span>, <span class="firstname">L. A.</span> <span class="surname">Mamakos</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Ullmann</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>New <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR Definitions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1990. </span></p>
6e49e91bd08778d7eae45a2229dcf41ed97cc636David Lawrence<a name="id2604157"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1706</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Colella</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> NSAP Resource Records</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1994. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2604263"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2168</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">June 1997. </span></p>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<a name="id2604298"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1876</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Davis</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span>, and <span class="firstname">I.</span> <span class="surname">Dickinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Means for Expressing Location Information in the
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1996. </span></p>
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<a name="id2604353"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2052</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR for Specifying the
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Services.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span></p>
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<a name="id2604391"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2163</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Allocchio</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Internet <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to
6e49e91bd08778d7eae45a2229dcf41ed97cc636David Lawrence Distribute MIXER
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington Conformant Global Address Mapping</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1998. </span></p>
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<a name="id2604417"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2230</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Atkinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Key Exchange Delegation Record for the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span></p>
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<a name="id2604442"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2536</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DSA KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<a name="id2604469"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/MD5 KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington<a name="id2604496"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2538</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storing Certificates in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
83e4218f6c6497eeaec7fb422b5f662cd98b2ba6David Lawrence<a name="id2604535"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2539</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storage of Diffie-Hellman Keys in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
83e4218f6c6497eeaec7fb422b5f662cd98b2ba6David Lawrence<a name="id2604565"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2540</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Detached Domain Name System (DNS) Information</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<a name="id2604595"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2782</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2000. </span></p>
83e4218f6c6497eeaec7fb422b5f662cd98b2ba6David Lawrence<a name="id2604637"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2915</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
83e4218f6c6497eeaec7fb422b5f662cd98b2ba6David Lawrence<a name="id2604670"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3110</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/SHA-1 SIGs and RSA KEYs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2001. </span></p>
6e49e91bd08778d7eae45a2229dcf41ed97cc636David Lawrence<a name="id2604697"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Koch</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR Type for Lists of Address Prefixes (APL RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">June 2001. </span></p>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington<a name="id2604721"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3596</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>, <span class="firstname">V.</span> <span class="surname">Ksinant</span>, and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Souissi</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Extensions to support IP
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington version 6</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 2003. </span></p>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<a name="id2604778"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3597</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gustafsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record (RR) Types</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2003. </span></p>
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and the Internet</h3>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington<a name="id2604810"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1101</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Network Names
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington and Other Types</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1989. </span></p>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<a name="id2604836"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="surname">Braden</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence Support</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1989. </span></p>
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington<a name="id2604858"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1591</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Structure and Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1994. </span></p>
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<a name="id2604882"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2317</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">H.</span> <span class="surname">Eidnes</span>, <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">de Groot</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2604928"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2826</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">Internet Architecture Board</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>IAB Technical Comment on the Unique DNS Root</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
d5334bc18380d25e8a7ee804f68f22dc746b9c20Brian Wellington<a name="id2604951"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2929</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Brunner-Williams</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operations</h3>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington<a name="id2605009"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1033</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Lottor</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain administrators operations guide.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington<a name="id2605032"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Beertema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Data File
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington Configuration Errors</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington<a name="id2605059"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1912</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Barr</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operational and
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Configuration Errors</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 1996. </span></p>
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington<a name="id2605085"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2010</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Operational Criteria for Root Name Servers.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2605122"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2219</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Hamilton</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Wright</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Use of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Aliases for
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Network Services.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span></p>
0dc4e6a6aef01175b8cdd71cb757f09ba1e69c49Brian Wellington<h3 class="title">Internationalized Domain Names</h3>
c3a4d8072ccd3b33aa3fc84cdeadd1a6fac87e08Michael Graff<a name="id2605168"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2825</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">IAB</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daigle</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Tangled Web: Issues of I18N, Domain Names,
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington and the Other Internet protocols</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2605200"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3490</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Faltstrom</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span>, and <span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington<a name="id2605245"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3491</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Blanchet</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Nameprep: A Stringprep Profile for Internationalized Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington<a name="id2605281"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3492</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Punycode: A Bootstring encoding of Unicode
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington for Internationalized Domain Names in
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington Applications (IDNA)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<h3 class="title">Other <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>-related RFCs</h3>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
2c12fc4d63f1d5f9d55fc0ecb198d582da6fd7d3Brian Wellington Note: the following list of RFCs, although
2c12fc4d63f1d5f9d55fc0ecb198d582da6fd7d3Brian Wellington <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>-related, are not
6e49e91bd08778d7eae45a2229dcf41ed97cc636David Lawrence concerned with implementing software.
2c12fc4d63f1d5f9d55fc0ecb198d582da6fd7d3Brian Wellington<a name="id2605325"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1464</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Rosenbaum</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Domain Name System To Store Arbitrary String
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Attributes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1993. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2605348"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1713</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Romao</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Tools for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Debugging</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2605373"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1794</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Brisco</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Support for Load
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington Balancing</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1995. </span></p>
0dc4e6a6aef01175b8cdd71cb757f09ba1e69c49Brian Wellington<a name="id2605399"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2240</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1997. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2605422"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2345</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Wolf</span>, and <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">Oglesby</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names and Company Name Retrieval</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2605468"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2352</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Convention For Using Legal Names as Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2605492"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3071</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Reflections on the DNS, RFC 1591, and Categories of Domains</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2001. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2605518"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3258</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Hardie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Distributing Authoritative Name Servers via
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Shared Unicast Addresses</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 2002. </span></p>
2c12fc4d63f1d5f9d55fc0ecb198d582da6fd7d3Brian Wellington<a name="id2605544"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3901</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Durand</span> and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Ihren</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS IPv6 Transport Operational Guidelines</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2004. </span></p>
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington<h3 class="title">Obsolete and Unimplemented Experimental RFC</h3>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington<a name="id2605588"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1712</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Farrell</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Schulze</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Pleitner</span>, and <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Baldoni</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Geographical
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington Location</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span></p>
7e8dd00fce7057d1da8158b65395a09ced43a892Brian Wellington<a name="id2605645"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2673</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Binary Labels in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2605672"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2874</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington and Renumbering</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">July 2000. </span></p>
b984520acca2532d048eae929dc0682dd334c7a3Brian Wellington<h3 class="title">Obsoleted DNS Security RFCs</h3>
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Most of these have been consolidated into RFC4033,
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington RFC4034 and RFC4035 which collectively describe DNSSECbis.
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington<a name="id2605720"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2065</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Kaufman</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1997. </span></p>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington<a name="id2605760"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2137</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2605786"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2535</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington<a name="id2605816"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3008</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC)
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington Signing Authority</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span></p>
f7fbd68b1cd96c733140fce938a61faf8b459b6fBrian Wellington<a name="id2605842"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3090</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Extension Clarification on Zone Status</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2001. </span></p>
b984520acca2532d048eae929dc0682dd334c7a3Brian Wellington<a name="id2605868"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3445</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span> and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Limiting the Scope of the KEY Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2002. </span></p>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<a name="id2605905"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3655</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Redefinition of DNS Authenticated Data (AD) bit</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2003. </span></p>
05b6b2e6802d503a9e131415b4720f35ab9f08d1Brian Wellington<a name="id2605941"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3658</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2003. </span></p>
05b6b2e6802d503a9e131415b4720f35ab9f08d1Brian Wellington<a name="id2605968"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3755</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Weiler</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Legacy Resolver Compatibility for Delegation Signer (DS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2004. </span></p>
fe0e3c7707580da885bb6819e4f307986eb60cd0Brian Wellington<a name="id2605994"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3757</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Kolkman</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>, and <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System KEY (DNSKEY) Resource Record
05b6b2e6802d503a9e131415b4720f35ab9f08d1Brian Wellington (RR) Secure Entry Point (SEP) Flag</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 2004. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2606039"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security (DNSSEC) NextSECure (NSEC) RDATA Format</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
5caab9f99d19ab9ebb0a0ba64c09c8de80e89e29Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
fe0e3c7707580da885bb6819e4f307986eb60cd0Brian Wellington<a name="internet_drafts"></a>Internet Drafts</h3></div></div></div>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Internet Drafts (IDs) are rough-draft working documents of
fe0e3c7707580da885bb6819e4f307986eb60cd0Brian Wellington the Internet Engineering Task Force. They are, in essence, RFCs
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington in the preliminary stages of development. Implementors are
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington cautioned not
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington to regard IDs as archival, and they should not be quoted or cited
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington in any formal documents unless accompanied by the disclaimer that
fe0e3c7707580da885bb6819e4f307986eb60cd0Brian Wellington they are "works in progress." IDs have a lifespan of six months
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington after which they are deleted unless updated by their authors.
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<a name="id2606081"></a>Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<a name="id2606090"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington<a name="id2606092"></a><p><span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Paul</span> <span class="surname">Albitz</span> and <span class="firstname">Cricket</span> <span class="surname">Liu</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></i>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright � 1998 Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly and Associates. </span></p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<a name="bind9.library"></a>BIND 9 DNS Library Support</h2></div></div></div>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<p>This version of BIND 9 "exports" its internal libraries so
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence that they can be used by third-party applications more easily (we
fb01226bcd598c36b5edc566489c890c39f03ed3Brian Wellington call them "export" libraries in this document). In addition to
fb01226bcd598c36b5edc566489c890c39f03ed3Brian Wellington all major DNS-related APIs BIND 9 is currently using, the export
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence libraries provide the following features:</p>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<li><p>The newly created "DNS client" module. This is a higher
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington level API that provides an interface to name resolution,
b984520acca2532d048eae929dc0682dd334c7a3Brian Wellington single DNS transaction with a particular server, and dynamic
3b2efab212088496d5588ca5ed2d802c72d21a08Brian Wellington update. Regarding name resolution, it supports advanced
b984520acca2532d048eae929dc0682dd334c7a3Brian Wellington features such as DNSSEC validation and caching. This module
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence supports both synchronous and asynchronous mode.</p></li>
3b2efab212088496d5588ca5ed2d802c72d21a08Brian Wellington<li><p>The new "IRS" (Information Retrieval System) library.
b984520acca2532d048eae929dc0682dd334c7a3Brian Wellington It provides an interface to parse the traditional resolv.conf
3b2efab212088496d5588ca5ed2d802c72d21a08Brian Wellington file and more advanced, DNS-specific configuration file for
0f0162e6297ddf5e4abe848d27f3bcdb373189daBrian Wellington the rest of this package (see the description for the
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<li><p>As part of the IRS library, newly implemented standard
0f0162e6297ddf5e4abe848d27f3bcdb373189daBrian Wellington address-name mapping functions, getaddrinfo() and
fb01226bcd598c36b5edc566489c890c39f03ed3Brian Wellington getnameinfo(), are provided. They use the DNSSEC-aware
49c8a96fba8d85810d470fdc7dd3388f0c767c9eBrian Wellington validating resolver backend, and could use other advanced
0f0162e6297ddf5e4abe848d27f3bcdb373189daBrian Wellington features of the BIND 9 libraries such as caching. The
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington getaddrinfo() function resolves both A and AAAA RRs
0f0162e6297ddf5e4abe848d27f3bcdb373189daBrian Wellington concurrently (when the address family is unspecified).</p></li>
0f0162e6297ddf5e4abe848d27f3bcdb373189daBrian Wellington<li><p>An experimental framework to support other event
7077846f3bf941f626a8623bd29a56a5ce7a1e11Brian Wellington libraries than BIND 9's internal event task system.</p></li>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2606769"></a>Prerequisite</h3></div></div></div>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<p>GNU make is required to build the export libraries (other
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence part of BIND 9 can still be built with other types of make). In
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence the reminder of this document, "make" means GNU make. Note that
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington in some platforms you may need to invoke a different command name
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington than "make" (e.g. "gmake") to indicate it's GNU make.</p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<a name="id2606778"></a>Compilation</h3></div></div></div>
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags]</code></em></code></strong>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington This will create (in addition to usual BIND 9 programs) and a
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington separate set of libraries under the lib/export directory. For
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington example, <code class="filename">lib/export/dns/libdns.a</code> is the archive file of the
6e49e91bd08778d7eae45a2229dcf41ed97cc636David Lawrence export version of the BIND 9 DNS library. Sample application
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington programs using the libraries will also be built under the
6e49e91bd08778d7eae45a2229dcf41ed97cc636David Lawrence lib/export/samples directory (see below).</p>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<a name="id2606803"></a>Installation</h3></div></div></div>
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington$ <strong class="userinput"><code>cd lib/export</code></strong>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make install</code></strong>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington This will install library object files under the directory
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington specified by the --with-export-libdir configure option (default:
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington EPREFIX/lib/bind9), and header files under the directory
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence specified by the --with-export-includedir configure option
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence Root privilege is normally required.
6e49e91bd08778d7eae45a2229dcf41ed97cc636David Lawrence "<span><strong class="command">make install</strong></span>" at the top directory will do the
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence To see how to build your own
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence application after the installation, see
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence <code class="filename">lib/export/samples/Makefile-postinstall.in</code>.</p>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<a name="id2607585"></a>Known Defects/Restrictions</h3></div></div></div>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<li><p>Currently, win32 is not supported for the export
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence library. (Normal BIND 9 application can be built as
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<p>The "fixed" RRset order is not (currently) supported in
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence the export library. If you want to use "fixed" RRset order
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence for, e.g. <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> while still building the
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence export library even without the fixed order support, build
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington them separately:
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-fixed-rrset <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags, but not --enable-exportlib]</code></em></code></strong>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags, but not --enable-fixed-rrset]</code></em></code></strong>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence$ <strong class="userinput"><code>cd lib/export</code></strong>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington<li><p>The client module and the IRS library currently do not
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington support DNSSEC validation using DLV (the underlying modules
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington can handle it, but there is no tunable interface to enable
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence<li><p>RFC 5011 is not supported in the validating stub
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence resolver of the export library. In fact, it is not clear
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence whether it should: trust anchors would be a system-wide
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington configuration which would be managed by an administrator,
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington while the stub resolver will be used by ordinary applications
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington<li><p>Not all common <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington options are supported
6e49e91bd08778d7eae45a2229dcf41ed97cc636David Lawrence in the IRS library. The only available options in this
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington<a name="id2607661"></a>The dns.conf File</h3></div></div></div>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<p>The IRS library supports an "advanced" configuration file
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence related to the DNS library for configuration parameters that
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence would be beyond the capability of the
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> file.
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington Specifically, it is intended to provide DNSSEC related
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington configuration parameters. By default the path to this
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington configuration file is <code class="filename">/etc/dns.conf</code>.
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington This module is very
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington experimental and the configuration syntax or library interfaces
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington may change in future versions. Currently, only the
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>
83e4218f6c6497eeaec7fb422b5f662cd98b2ba6David Lawrence statement is supported, whose syntax is the same as the same name
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington of statement for <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. (See
83e4218f6c6497eeaec7fb422b5f662cd98b2ba6David Lawrence <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys" title="trusted-keys Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a> for details.)</p>
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
6e49e91bd08778d7eae45a2229dcf41ed97cc636David Lawrence<a name="id2607688"></a>Sample Applications</h3></div></div></div>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington<p>Some sample application programs using this API are
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington provided for reference. The following is a brief description of
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington these applications.
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington<a name="id2607697"></a>sample: a simple stub resolver utility</h4></div></div></div>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington It sends a query of a given name (of a given optional RR type) to a
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington specified recursive server, and prints the result as a list of
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington RRs. It can also act as a validating stub resolver if a trust
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington anchor is given via a set of command line options.</p>
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington Usage: sample [options] server_address hostname
3aec811249fc1bde4476ced9432d3ebea0ad4dc4Brian Wellington Options and Arguments:
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington specify the RR type of the query. The default is the A RR.
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington [-a algorithm] [-e] -k keyname -K keystring
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington specify a command-line DNS key to validate the answer. For
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington example, to specify the following DNSKEY of example.com:
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington����������������example.com.�3600�IN�DNSKEY�257�3�5�xxx<br>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington specify the options as follows:
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington -e means that this key is a zone's "key signing key" (as known
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington as "secure Entry point").
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington When -a is omitted rsasha1 will be used by default.
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington -s domain:alt_server_address
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington specify a separate recursive server address for the specific
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington "domain". Example: -s example.com:2001:db8::1234
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<dt><span class="term">server_address</span></dt>
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington an IP(v4/v6) address of the recursive server to which queries
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington the domain name for the query
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<a name="id2607787"></a>sample-async: a simple stub resolver, working asynchronously</h4></div></div></div>
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington Similar to "sample", but accepts a list
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington of (query) domain names as a separate file and resolves the names
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington asynchronously.</p>
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington Usage: sample-async [-s server_address] [-t RR_type] input_file</p>
809fdfba224a83fcc5a8ae4394cf2a477d13dc91Brian Wellington Options and Arguments:
809fdfba224a83fcc5a8ae4394cf2a477d13dc91Brian Wellington -s server_address
809fdfba224a83fcc5a8ae4394cf2a477d13dc91Brian Wellington an IPv4 address of the recursive server to which queries are sent.
809fdfba224a83fcc5a8ae4394cf2a477d13dc91Brian Wellington (IPv6 addresses are not supported in this implementation)
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington specify the RR type of the queries. The default is the A
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington a list of domain names to be resolved. each line
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington consists of a single domain name. Example:
809fdfba224a83fcc5a8ae4394cf2a477d13dc91Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
809fdfba224a83fcc5a8ae4394cf2a477d13dc91Brian Wellington<a name="id2607841"></a>sample-request: a simple DNS transaction client</h4></div></div></div>
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington It sends a query to a specified server, and
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence prints the response with minimal processing. It doesn't act as a
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence "stub resolver": it stops the processing once it gets any
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence response from the server, whether it's a referral or an alias
58aaab3687aac838542ee4ef65a9c094a5d34ab0Michael Graff (CNAME or DNAME) that would require further queries to get the
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington ultimate answer. In other words, this utility acts as a very
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington simplified <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington Usage: sample-request [-t RRtype] server_address hostname
af602636644fdfaabc331bd926b0aabb9432e152Brian Wellington Options and Arguments:
809fdfba224a83fcc5a8ae4394cf2a477d13dc91Brian Wellington specify the RR type of
809fdfba224a83fcc5a8ae4394cf2a477d13dc91Brian Wellington the queries. The default is the A RR.
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington server_address
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington address of the recursive server to which the query is sent.
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington the domain name for the query
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<a name="id2607905"></a>sample-gai: getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() test code</h4></div></div></div>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence This is a test program
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence to check getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() behavior. It takes a
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence host name as an argument, calls getaddrinfo() with the given host
6e49e91bd08778d7eae45a2229dcf41ed97cc636David Lawrence name, and calls getnameinfo() with the resulting IP addresses
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington returned by getaddrinfo(). If the dns.conf file exists and
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington defines a trust anchor, the underlying resolver will act as a
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington validating resolver, and getaddrinfo()/getnameinfo() will fail
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence with an EAI_INSECUREDATA error when DNSSEC validation fails.
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington Usage: sample-gai hostname
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<a name="id2607920"></a>sample-update: a simple dynamic update client program</h4></div></div></div>
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence It accepts a single update command as a
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence command-line argument, sends an update request message to the
dc3fc5830a90b170c0a2fbf2e8fe057aad209678Brian Wellington authoritative server, and shows the response from the server. In
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington other words, this is a simplified <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>.
dc3fc5830a90b170c0a2fbf2e8fe057aad209678Brian Wellington Usage: sample-update [options] (add|delete) "update data"
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence Options and Arguments:
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington -a auth_server
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington An IP address of the authoritative server that has authority
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence for the zone containing the update name. This should normally
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence be the primary authoritative server that accepts dynamic
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence updates. It can also be a secondary server that is configured
6e49e91bd08778d7eae45a2229dcf41ed97cc636David Lawrence to forward update requests to the primary server.
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington A TSIG key file to secure the update transaction. The keyfile
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington format is the same as that for the nsupdate utility.
1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence -p prerequisite
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington A prerequisite for the update (only one prerequisite can be
6e49e91bd08778d7eae45a2229dcf41ed97cc636David Lawrence specified). The prerequisite format is the same as that is
0f80bfec687db08a6e6ce945ef1d818da06c7ca9Brian Wellington accepted by the nsupdate utility.
83e4218f6c6497eeaec7fb422b5f662cd98b2ba6David Lawrence -r recursive_server
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington An IP address of a recursive server that this utility will
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington use. A recursive server may be necessary to identify the
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington authoritative server address to which the update request is
5766ea1011051b4a9f7560041a03d9a562722df3Brian Wellington The domain name of the zone that contains
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington Specify the type of update operation. Either "add" or "delete"
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington must be specified.
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington "update data"
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington Specify the data to be updated. A typical example of the data
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington would look like "name TTL RRtype RDATA".
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington<h3 class="title">Note</h3>In practice, either -a or -r must be specified. Others can
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington be optional; the underlying library routine tries to identify the
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington appropriate server and the zone name for the update.</div>
809fdfba224a83fcc5a8ae4394cf2a477d13dc91Brian Wellington Examples: assuming the primary authoritative server of the
809fdfba224a83fcc5a8ae4394cf2a477d13dc91Brian Wellington dynamic.example.com zone has an IPv6 address 2001:db8::1234,
4fe8755480c108a1232b7189fd5434ab35a6b623Brian Wellington$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key add "foo.dynamic.example.com 30 IN A 192.168.2.1"</code></strong></pre>
c7f13217d11f26739a79f0dab391ec372b49b96bBrian Wellington adds an A RR for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
3f6dc1703f76a24b34ed3bc839447291c33ca837Brian Wellington$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key delete "foo.dynamic.example.com 30 IN A"</code></strong></pre>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington removes all A RRs for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key delete "foo.dynamic.example.com"</code></strong></pre>
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington removes all RRs for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fb01226bcd598c36b5edc566489c890c39f03ed3Brian Wellington<a name="id2608597"></a>nsprobe: domain/name server checker in terms of RFC 4074</h4></div></div></div>
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington It checks a set
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington of domains to see the name servers of the domains behave
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington correctly in terms of RFC 4074. This is included in the set of
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington sample programs to show how the export library can be used in a
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington DNS-related application.
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington Usage: nsprobe [-d] [-v [-v...]] [-c cache_address] [input_file]
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington run in the "debug" mode. with this option nsprobe will dump
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington every RRs it receives.
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington increase verbosity of other normal log messages. This can be
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington specified multiple times
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington -c cache_address
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington specify an IP address of a recursive (caching) name server.
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington nsprobe uses this server to get the NS RRset of each domain and
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington the A and/or AAAA RRsets for the name servers. The default
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington value is 127.0.0.1.
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington a file name containing a list of domain (zone) names to be
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington probed. when omitted the standard input will be used. Each
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington line of the input file specifies a single domain name such as
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington "example.com". In general this domain name must be the apex
6d4886fa7430889a96dbf9b88a2a4eb6f9d04674Brian Wellington name of some DNS zone (unlike normal "host names" such as
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington "www.example.com"). nsprobe first identifies the NS RRsets for
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington the given domain name, and sends A and AAAA queries to these
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington servers for some "widely used" names under the zone;
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence specifically, adding "www" and "ftp" to the zone name.
b984520acca2532d048eae929dc0682dd334c7a3Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
b984520acca2532d048eae929dc0682dd334c7a3Brian Wellington<a name="id2608661"></a>Library References</h3></div></div></div>
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence<p>As of this writing, there is no formal "manual" of the
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington libraries, except this document, header files (some of them
a49acbf201a411a47e18d136b38bbea8cf283adaBrian Wellington provide pretty detailed explanations), and sample application
8dd915daf3f75ac9d04395e61157fdea825f3ebaBrian Wellington programs.</p>
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