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4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix�A.�Appendices</th></tr>
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4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<a name="Bv9ARM.ch09"></a>Appendix�A.�Appendices</h2></div></div></div>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2603443">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#historical_dns_information">A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt></dl></dd>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2603546">General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</a></span></dt>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#ipv6addresses">IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bibliography">Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</a></span></dt>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#rfcs">Request for Comments (RFCs)</a></span></dt>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#internet_drafts">Internet Drafts</a></span></dt>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2606963">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2608197">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2608206">Compilation</a></span></dt>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2608231">Installation</a></span></dt>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2608262">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2608407">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2608434">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2609406">Library References</a></span></dt>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<a name="id2603443"></a>Acknowledgments</h2></div></div></div>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews<a name="historical_dns_information"></a>A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Although the "official" beginning of the Domain Name
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews System occurred in 1984 with the publication of RFC 920, the
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews core of the new system was described in 1983 in RFCs 882 and
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews 883. From 1984 to 1987, the ARPAnet (the precursor to today's
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Internet) became a testbed of experimentation for developing the
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews new naming/addressing scheme in a rapidly expanding,
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews operational network environment. New RFCs were written and
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews published in 1987 that modified the original documents to
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews incorporate improvements based on the working model. RFC 1034,
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews "Domain Names-Concepts and Facilities", and RFC 1035, "Domain
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Names-Implementation and Specification" were published and
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews became the standards upon which all <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> implementations are
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews The first working domain name server, called "Jeeves", was
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews written in 1983-84 by Paul Mockapetris for operation on DEC
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews machines located at the University of Southern California's
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Sciences Institute (USC-ISI) and SRI International's Network
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Center (SRI-NIC). A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> server for
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Unix machines, the Berkeley Internet
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Name Domain (<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>) package, was
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews written soon after by a group of
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews a grant from the US Defense Advanced Research Projects
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Administration
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> through
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews 4.8.3 were maintained by the Computer
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Systems Research Group (CSRG) at UC Berkeley. Douglas Terry, Mark
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Painter, David Riggle and Songnian Zhou made up the initial <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews project team. After that, additional work on the software package
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews was done by Ralph Campbell. Kevin Dunlap, a Digital Equipment
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews employee on loan to the CSRG, worked on <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> for 2 years, from 1985
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews to 1987. Many other people also contributed to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews during that time: Doug Kingston, Craig Partridge, Smoot
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Carl-Mitchell,
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Mike Muuss, Jim Bloom and Mike Schwartz. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> maintenance was subsequently
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews handled by Mike Karels and �ivind Kure.
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions 4.9 and 4.9.1 were
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews released by Digital Equipment
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Corporation (now Compaq Computer Corporation). Paul Vixie, then
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews a DEC employee, became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews primary caretaker. He was assisted
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews by Phil Almquist, Robert Elz, Alan Barrett, Paul Albitz, Bryan
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Beecher, Andrew
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Partan, Andy Cherenson, Tom Limoncelli, Berthold Paffrath, Fuat
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Baran, Anant Kumar, Art Harkin, Win Treese, Don Lewis, Christophe
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Wolfhugel, and others.
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews In 1994, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 4.9.2 was sponsored by
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Vixie Enterprises. Paul
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Vixie became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s principal
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions from 4.9.3 onward
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews have been developed and maintained
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews by the Internet Systems Consortium and its predecessor,
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews the Internet Software Consortium, with support being provided
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews by ISC's sponsors.
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews Paul Vixie released the first production-ready version of
4a53e3c2b83c476a93148eaee0272649beb221caMark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 8 in May 1997.
<a name="id2603546"></a>General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</h2></div></div></div>
sets of interfaces which were introduced in the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to facilitate
scalable Internet routing. There are three types of addresses: <span class="emphasis"><em>Unicast</em></span>,
<a name="id2603813"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC974</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Partridge</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Mail Routing and the Domain System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1986. </span></p>
<a name="id2603836"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1034</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names — Concepts and Facilities</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
<a name="id2603860"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1035</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names — Implementation and
<a name="id2603896"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2181</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R., R. Bush</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Clarifications to the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
<a name="id2603923"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2308</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Andrews</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Negative Caching of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
<a name="id2603948"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1995</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Ohta</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Incremental Zone Transfer in <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
<a name="id2603973"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1996</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
<a name="id2603996"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2136</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Rekhter</span>, and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Bound</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
<a name="id2604052"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2671</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1997. </span></p>
<a name="id2604078"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2672</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Non-Terminal DNS Name Redirection</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
<a name="id2604105"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Transaction Authentication for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> (TSIG)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
<a name="id2604167"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2930</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
<a name="id2604265"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2931</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Request and Transaction Signatures (SIG(0)s)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
<a name="id2604295"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3007</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span></p>
<a name="id2604322"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3645</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Kwan</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Garg</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Gilroy</span>, <span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Westhead</span>, and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Hall</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Generic Security Service Algorithm for Secret
<a name="id2604404"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3225</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Conrad</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Indicating Resolver Support of DNSSEC</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2001. </span></p>
<a name="id2604430"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3833</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Atkins</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Threat Analysis of the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
<a name="id2604467"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4033</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Introduction and Requirements</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
<a name="id2604532"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4034</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
<a name="id2604597"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4035</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Protocol Modifications for the DNS
<a name="id2604670"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1535</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Gavron</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Security Problem and Proposed Correction With Widely
Deployed <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Software.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
<a name="id2604696"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1536</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Kumar</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Neuman</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Danzig</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Miller</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Implementation
<a name="id2604764"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1982</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Bush</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Serial Number Arithmetic</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
<a name="id2604800"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4074</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Morishita</span> and <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Jinmei</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common Misbehaviour Against <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
<a name="id2604845"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1183</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.F.</span> <span class="surname">Everhart</span>, <span class="firstname">L. A.</span> <span class="surname">Mamakos</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Ullmann</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>New <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR Definitions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1990. </span></p>
<a name="id2604903"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1706</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Colella</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> NSAP Resource Records</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1994. </span></p>
<a name="id2604940"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2168</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using
<a name="id2604976"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1876</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Davis</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span>, and <span class="firstname">I.</span> <span class="surname">Dickinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Means for Expressing Location Information in the
<a name="id2605030"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2052</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR for Specifying the
<a name="id2605068"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2163</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Allocchio</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Internet <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to
<a name="id2605094"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2230</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Atkinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Key Exchange Delegation Record for the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span></p>
<a name="id2605120"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2536</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DSA KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
<a name="id2605146"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/MD5 KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
<a name="id2605173"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2538</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storing Certificates in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
<a name="id2605212"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2539</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storage of Diffie-Hellman Keys in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
<a name="id2605242"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2540</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Detached Domain Name System (DNS) Information</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
<a name="id2605340"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2782</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2000. </span></p>
<a name="id2605383"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2915</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
<a name="id2605416"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3110</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/SHA-1 SIGs and RSA KEYs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2001. </span></p>
<a name="id2605443"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Koch</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR Type for Lists of Address Prefixes (APL RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">June 2001. </span></p>
<a name="id2605466"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3596</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>, <span class="firstname">V.</span> <span class="surname">Ksinant</span>, and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Souissi</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Extensions to support IP
<a name="id2605524"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3597</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gustafsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record (RR) Types</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2003. </span></p>
<a name="id2605556"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1101</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Network Names
<a name="id2605581"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="surname">Braden</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and
<a name="id2605604"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1591</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Structure and Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1994. </span></p>
<a name="id2605627"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2317</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">H.</span> <span class="surname">Eidnes</span>, <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">de Groot</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span></p>
<a name="id2605673"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2826</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">Internet Architecture Board</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>IAB Technical Comment on the Unique DNS Root</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
<a name="id2605697"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2929</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Brunner-Williams</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
<a name="id2605754"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1033</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Lottor</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain administrators operations guide.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
<a name="id2605778"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Beertema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Data File
<a name="id2605804"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1912</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Barr</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operational and
<a name="id2605831"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2010</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Operational Criteria for Root Name Servers.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span></p>
<a name="id2605867"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2219</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Hamilton</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Wright</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Use of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Aliases for
<a name="id2605913"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2825</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">IAB</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daigle</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Tangled Web: Issues of I18N, Domain Names,
<a name="id2605945"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3490</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Faltstrom</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span>, and <span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
<a name="id2605991"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3491</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Blanchet</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Nameprep: A Stringprep Profile for Internationalized Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
<a name="id2606026"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3492</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Punycode: A Bootstring encoding of Unicode
<a name="id2606071"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1464</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Rosenbaum</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Domain Name System To Store Arbitrary String
<a name="id2606093"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1713</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Romao</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Tools for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Debugging</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span></p>
<a name="id2606119"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1794</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Brisco</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Support for Load
<a name="id2606145"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2240</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1997. </span></p>
<a name="id2606168"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2345</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Wolf</span>, and <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">Oglesby</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names and Company Name Retrieval</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
<a name="id2606214"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2352</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Convention For Using Legal Names as Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
<a name="id2606237"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3071</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Reflections on the DNS, RFC 1591, and Categories of Domains</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2001. </span></p>
<a name="id2606264"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3258</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Hardie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Distributing Authoritative Name Servers via
<a name="id2606290"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3901</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Durand</span> and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Ihren</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS IPv6 Transport Operational Guidelines</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2004. </span></p>
<a name="id2606333"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1712</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Farrell</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Schulze</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Pleitner</span>, and <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Baldoni</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Geographical
<a name="id2606391"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2673</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Binary Labels in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
<a name="id2606418"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2874</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation
<a name="id2606466"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2065</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Kaufman</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1997. </span></p>
<a name="id2606573"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2137</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
<a name="id2606600"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2535</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
<a name="id2606630"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3008</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC)
<a name="id2606656"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3090</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Extension Clarification on Zone Status</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2001. </span></p>
<a name="id2606682"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3445</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span> and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Limiting the Scope of the KEY Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2002. </span></p>
<a name="id2606787"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3655</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Redefinition of DNS Authenticated Data (AD) bit</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2003. </span></p>
<a name="id2606823"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3658</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2003. </span></p>
<a name="id2606850"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3755</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Weiler</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Legacy Resolver Compatibility for Delegation Signer (DS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2004. </span></p>
<a name="id2606876"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3757</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Kolkman</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>, and <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System KEY (DNSKEY) Resource Record
<a name="id2606921"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security (DNSSEC) NextSECure (NSEC) RDATA Format</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
<a name="id2607043"></a><p><span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Paul</span> <span class="surname">Albitz</span> and <span class="firstname">Cricket</span> <span class="surname">Liu</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></i>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright � 1998 Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly and Associates. </span></p>
It provides an interface to parse the traditional resolv.conf
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags]</code></em></code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-fixed-rrset <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags, but not --enable-exportlib]</code></em></code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags, but not --enable-fixed-rrset]</code></em></code></strong>
<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys" title="trusted-keys Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a> for details.)</p>
example, to specify the following DNSKEY of example.com:
-e -k example.com -K "xxx"
"domain". Example: -s example.com:2001:db8::1234
<a name="id2608601"></a>sample-async: a simple stub resolver, working asynchronously</h4></div></div></div>
<a name="id2608718"></a>sample-gai: getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() test code</h4></div></div></div>
returned by getaddrinfo(). If the dns.conf file exists and
<a name="id2608733"></a>sample-update: a simple dynamic update client program</h4></div></div></div>
dynamic.example.com zone has an IPv6 address 2001:db8::1234,
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key add "foo.dynamic.example.com 30 IN A 192.168.2.1"</code></strong></pre>
adds an A RR for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key delete "foo.dynamic.example.com 30 IN A"</code></strong></pre>
removes all A RRs for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key delete "foo.dynamic.example.com"</code></strong></pre>
removes all RRs for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
<a name="id2609342"></a>nsprobe: domain/name server checker in terms of RFC 4074</h4></div></div></div>
"example.com". In general this domain name must be the apex
"www.example.com"). nsprobe first identifies the NS RRsets for