Bv9ARM.ch09.html revision 60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8eb
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi - Copyright (C) 2004-2014 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<link rel="prev" href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html" title="Chapter�8.�Troubleshooting">
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d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix�A.�Appendices</th></tr>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html">Prev</a>�</td>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">Next</a>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="Bv9ARM.ch09"></a>Appendix�A.�Appendices</h2></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2607427">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#historical_dns_information">A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt></dl></dd>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2607667">General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</a></span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#ipv6addresses">IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bibliography">Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</a></span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#rfcs">Request for Comments (RFCs)</a></span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#internet_drafts">Internet Drafts</a></span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2610878">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612521">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612531">Compilation</a></span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612555">Installation</a></span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612586">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612731">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612758">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613799">Library References</a></span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2607427"></a>Acknowledgments</h2></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="historical_dns_information"></a>A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Although the "official" beginning of the Domain Name
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi System occurred in 1984 with the publication of RFC 920, the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi core of the new system was described in 1983 in RFCs 882 and
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi 883. From 1984 to 1987, the ARPAnet (the precursor to today's
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Internet) became a testbed of experimentation for developing the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi new naming/addressing scheme in a rapidly expanding,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi operational network environment. New RFCs were written and
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi published in 1987 that modified the original documents to
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi incorporate improvements based on the working model. RFC 1034,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi "Domain Names-Concepts and Facilities", and RFC 1035, "Domain
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Names-Implementation and Specification" were published and
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi became the standards upon which all <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> implementations are
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi The first working domain name server, called "Jeeves", was
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi written in 1983-84 by Paul Mockapetris for operation on DEC
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi machines located at the University of Southern California's
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Sciences Institute (USC-ISI) and SRI International's Network
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Center (SRI-NIC). A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> server for
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Unix machines, the Berkeley Internet
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Name Domain (<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>) package, was
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi written soon after by a group of
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi a grant from the US Defense Advanced Research Projects
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Administration
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> through
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi 4.8.3 were maintained by the Computer
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Systems Research Group (CSRG) at UC Berkeley. Douglas Terry, Mark
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Painter, David Riggle and Songnian Zhou made up the initial <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi project team. After that, additional work on the software package
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi was done by Ralph Campbell. Kevin Dunlap, a Digital Equipment
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi employee on loan to the CSRG, worked on <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> for 2 years, from 1985
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi to 1987. Many other people also contributed to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi during that time: Doug Kingston, Craig Partridge, Smoot
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Carl-Mitchell,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Mike Muuss, Jim Bloom and Mike Schwartz. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> maintenance was subsequently
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi handled by Mike Karels and �ivind Kure.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions 4.9 and 4.9.1 were
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi released by Digital Equipment
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Corporation (now Compaq Computer Corporation). Paul Vixie, then
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi a DEC employee, became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi primary caretaker. He was assisted
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi by Phil Almquist, Robert Elz, Alan Barrett, Paul Albitz, Bryan
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Beecher, Andrew
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Partan, Andy Cherenson, Tom Limoncelli, Berthold Paffrath, Fuat
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Baran, Anant Kumar, Art Harkin, Win Treese, Don Lewis, Christophe
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Wolfhugel, and others.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi In 1994, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 4.9.2 was sponsored by
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Vixie Enterprises. Paul
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Vixie became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s principal
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions from 4.9.3 onward
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi have been developed and maintained
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi by the Internet Systems Consortium and its predecessor,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi the Internet Software Consortium, with support being provided
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi by ISC's sponsors.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi As co-architects/programmers, Bob Halley and
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Paul Vixie released the first production-ready version of
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 8 in May 1997.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi BIND version 9 was released in September 2000 and is a
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the underlying
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi BIND architecture.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi BIND versions 4 and 8 are officially deprecated.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi No additional development is done
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi on BIND version 4 or BIND version 8.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development work is made
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi possible today by the sponsorship
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi of several corporations, and by the tireless work efforts of
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi numerous individuals.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2607667"></a>General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</h2></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="ipv6addresses"></a>IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</h3></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi IPv6 addresses are 128-bit identifiers for interfaces and
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi sets of interfaces which were introduced in the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to facilitate
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi scalable Internet routing. There are three types of addresses: <span class="emphasis"><em>Unicast</em></span>,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi an identifier for a single interface;
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <span class="emphasis"><em>Anycast</em></span>,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi an identifier for a set of interfaces; and <span class="emphasis"><em>Multicast</em></span>,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi an identifier for a set of interfaces. Here we describe the global
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Unicast address scheme. For more information, see RFC 3587,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi "Global Unicast Address Format."
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi IPv6 unicast addresses consist of a
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <span class="emphasis"><em>global routing prefix</em></span>, a
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <span class="emphasis"><em>subnet identifier</em></span>, and an
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <span class="emphasis"><em>interface identifier</em></span>.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi The global routing prefix is provided by the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi upstream provider or ISP, and (roughly) corresponds to the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi IPv4 <span class="emphasis"><em>network</em></span> section
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi of the address range.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi The subnet identifier is for local subnetting, much the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi same as subnetting an
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi IPv4 /16 network into /24 subnets.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi The interface identifier is the address of an individual
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi interface on a given network; in IPv6, addresses belong to
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi interfaces rather than to machines.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi The subnetting capability of IPv6 is much more flexible than
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi that of IPv4: subnetting can be carried out on bit boundaries,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi in much the same way as Classless InterDomain Routing
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi (CIDR), and the DNS PTR representation ("nibble" format)
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi makes setting up reverse zones easier.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi The Interface Identifier must be unique on the local link,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi and is usually generated automatically by the IPv6
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi implementation, although it is usually possible to
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi override the default setting if necessary. A typical IPv6
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi address might look like:
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <span><strong class="command">2001:db8:201:9:a00:20ff:fe81:2b32</strong></span>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi IPv6 address specifications often contain long strings
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi of zeros, so the architects have included a shorthand for
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi them. The double colon (`::') indicates the longest possible
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi of zeros that can fit, and can be used only once in an address.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="bibliography"></a>Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</h2></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="rfcs"></a>Request for Comments (RFCs)</h3></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Specification documents for the Internet protocol suite, including
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>, are published as part of
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi the Request for Comments (RFCs)
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi series of technical notes. The standards themselves are defined
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Engineering Steering Group (IESG). RFCs can be obtained online via FTP at:
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <a href="ftp://www.isi.edu/in-notes/" target="_top">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi ftp://www.isi.edu/in-notes/RFC<em class="replaceable"><code>xxxx</code></em>.txt
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi (where <em class="replaceable"><code>xxxx</code></em> is
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi the number of the RFC). RFCs are also available via the Web at:
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/" target="_top">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/</a>.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2607854"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2607865"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC974</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Partridge</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Mail Routing and the Domain System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1986. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2607889"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1034</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names — Concepts and Facilities</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2607912"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1035</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names — Implementation and
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Specification</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="proposed_standards"></a>Proposed Standards</h3>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2607948"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2181</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R., R. Bush</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Clarifications to the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Specification</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">July 1997. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2607975"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2308</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Andrews</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Negative Caching of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Queries</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608001"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1995</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Ohta</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Incremental Zone Transfer in <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608025"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1996</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608049"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2136</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Rekhter</span>, and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Bound</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608104"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2671</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1997. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608131"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2672</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Non-Terminal DNS Name Redirection</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608157"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Transaction Authentication for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> (TSIG)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608219"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2930</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608249"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2931</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Request and Transaction Signatures (SIG(0)s)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608279"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3007</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608306"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3645</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Kwan</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Garg</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Gilroy</span>, <span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Westhead</span>, and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Hall</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Generic Security Service Algorithm for Secret
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Key Transaction Authentication for DNS
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi (GSS-TSIG)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 2003. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Security Proposed Standards</h3>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608388"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3225</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Conrad</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Indicating Resolver Support of DNSSEC</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2001. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608483"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3833</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Atkins</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Threat Analysis of the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608519"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4033</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Introduction and Requirements</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608584"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4034</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608649"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4035</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Protocol Modifications for the DNS
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<h3 class="title">Other Important RFCs About <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Implementation</h3>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608723"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1535</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Gavron</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Security Problem and Proposed Correction With Widely
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Deployed <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Software</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608748"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1536</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Kumar</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Neuman</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Danzig</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Miller</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Implementation
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Errors and Suggested Fixes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608817"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1982</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Bush</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Serial Number Arithmetic</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608852"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4074</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Morishita</span> and <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Jinmei</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common Misbehaviour Against <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Queries for IPv6 Addresses</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2005. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<h3 class="title">Resource Record Types</h3>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608898"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1183</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.F.</span> <span class="surname">Everhart</span>, <span class="firstname">L. A.</span> <span class="surname">Mamakos</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Ullmann</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>New <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR Definitions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1990. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608955"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1706</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Colella</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> NSAP Resource Records</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1994. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2608993"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2168</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">June 1997. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609028"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1876</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Davis</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span>, and <span class="firstname">I.</span> <span class="surname">Dickinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Means for Expressing Location Information in the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1996. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609082"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2052</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR for Specifying the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Services</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609121"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2163</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Allocchio</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Internet <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Distribute MIXER
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Conformant Global Address Mapping</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1998. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609146"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2230</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Atkinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Key Exchange Delegation Record for the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609172"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2536</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DSA KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609198"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/MD5 KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609225"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2538</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storing Certificates in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609265"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2539</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storage of Diffie-Hellman Keys in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609363"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2540</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Detached Domain Name System (DNS) Information</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609393"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2782</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2000. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609435"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2915</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609468"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3110</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/SHA-1 SIGs and RSA KEYs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2001. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609495"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Koch</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR Type for Lists of Address Prefixes (APL RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">June 2001. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609518"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3596</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>, <span class="firstname">V.</span> <span class="surname">Ksinant</span>, and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Souissi</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Extensions to support IP
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi version 6</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 2003. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609576"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3597</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gustafsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record (RR) Types</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2003. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and the Internet</h3>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609608"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1101</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Network Names
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi and Other Types</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1989. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609634"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="surname">Braden</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Support</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1989. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609656"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1591</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Structure and Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1994. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609680"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2317</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">H.</span> <span class="surname">Eidnes</span>, <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">de Groot</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609725"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2826</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">Internet Architecture Board</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>IAB Technical Comment on the Unique DNS Root</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609749"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2929</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Brunner-Williams</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operations</h3>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609806"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1033</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Lottor</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain administrators operations guide</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609830"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Beertema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Data File
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Configuration Errors</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609857"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1912</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Barr</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operational and
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Configuration Errors</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 1996. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609883"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2010</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Operational Criteria for Root Name Servers</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609920"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2219</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Hamilton</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Wright</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Use of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Aliases for
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Network Services</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<h3 class="title">Internationalized Domain Names</h3>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609965"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2825</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">IAB</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daigle</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Tangled Web: Issues of I18N, Domain Names,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi and the Other Internet protocols</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2609997"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3490</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Faltstrom</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span>, and <span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610043"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3491</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Blanchet</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Nameprep: A Stringprep Profile for Internationalized Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610078"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3492</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Punycode: A Bootstring encoding of Unicode
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi for Internationalized Domain Names in
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Applications (IDNA)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<h3 class="title">Other <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>-related RFCs</h3>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Note: the following list of RFCs, although
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>-related, are not
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi concerned with implementing software.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610123"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1464</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Rosenbaum</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Domain Name System To Store Arbitrary String
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Attributes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1993. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610146"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1713</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Romao</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Tools for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Debugging</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610171"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1794</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Brisco</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Support for Load
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Balancing</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1995. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610197"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2240</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1997. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610220"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2345</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Wolf</span>, and <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">Oglesby</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names and Company Name Retrieval</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610266"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2352</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Convention For Using Legal Names as Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610290"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3071</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Reflections on the DNS, RFC 1591, and Categories of Domains</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2001. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610316"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3258</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Hardie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Distributing Authoritative Name Servers via
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Shared Unicast Addresses</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 2002. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610342"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3901</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Durand</span> and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Ihren</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS IPv6 Transport Operational Guidelines</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2004. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<h3 class="title">Obsolete and Unimplemented Experimental RFC</h3>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610386"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1712</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Farrell</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Schulze</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Pleitner</span>, and <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Baldoni</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Geographical
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Location</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610443"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2673</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Binary Labels in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610470"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2874</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi and Renumbering</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">July 2000. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<h3 class="title">Obsoleted DNS Security RFCs</h3>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Most of these have been consolidated into RFC4033,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi RFC4034 and RFC4035 which collectively describe DNSSECbis.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610518"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2065</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Kaufman</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1997. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610557"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2137</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610584"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2535</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610614"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3008</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC)
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Signing Authority</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610640"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3090</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Extension Clarification on Zone Status</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2001. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610666"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3445</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span> and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Limiting the Scope of the KEY Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2002. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610702"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3655</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Redefinition of DNS Authenticated Data (AD) bit</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2003. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610739"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3658</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2003. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610765"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3755</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Weiler</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Legacy Resolver Compatibility for Delegation Signer (DS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2004. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610792"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3757</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Kolkman</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>, and <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System KEY (DNSKEY) Resource Record
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi (RR) Secure Entry Point (SEP) Flag</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 2004. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610837"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security (DNSSEC) NextSECure (NSEC) RDATA Format</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="internet_drafts"></a>Internet Drafts</h3></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Internet Drafts (IDs) are rough-draft working documents of
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi the Internet Engineering Task Force. They are, in essence, RFCs
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi in the preliminary stages of development. Implementors are
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi cautioned not
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi to regard IDs as archival, and they should not be quoted or cited
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi in any formal documents unless accompanied by the disclaimer that
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi they are "works in progress." IDs have a lifespan of six months
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi after which they are deleted unless updated by their authors.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610878"></a>Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610888"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2610890"></a><p><span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Paul</span> <span class="surname">Albitz</span> and <span class="firstname">Cricket</span> <span class="surname">Liu</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></i>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright � 1998 Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly and Associates. </span></p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="bind9.library"></a>BIND 9 DNS Library Support</h2></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<p>This version of BIND 9 "exports" its internal libraries so
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi that they can be used by third-party applications more easily (we
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi call them "export" libraries in this document). In addition to
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi all major DNS-related APIs BIND 9 is currently using, the export
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi libraries provide the following features:</p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<li><p>The newly created "DNS client" module. This is a higher
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi level API that provides an interface to name resolution,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi single DNS transaction with a particular server, and dynamic
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi update. Regarding name resolution, it supports advanced
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi features such as DNSSEC validation and caching. This module
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi supports both synchronous and asynchronous mode.</p></li>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<li><p>The new "IRS" (Information Retrieval System) library.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi It provides an interface to parse the traditional resolv.conf
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi file and more advanced, DNS-specific configuration file for
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi the rest of this package (see the description for the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<li><p>As part of the IRS library, newly implemented standard
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi address-name mapping functions, getaddrinfo() and
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi getnameinfo(), are provided. They use the DNSSEC-aware
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi validating resolver backend, and could use other advanced
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi features of the BIND 9 libraries such as caching. The
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi getaddrinfo() function resolves both A and AAAA RRs
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi concurrently (when the address family is unspecified).</p></li>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<li><p>An experimental framework to support other event
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi libraries than BIND 9's internal event task system.</p></li>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2612521"></a>Prerequisite</h3></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<p>GNU make is required to build the export libraries (other
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi part of BIND 9 can still be built with other types of make). In
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi the reminder of this document, "make" means GNU make. Note that
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi in some platforms you may need to invoke a different command name
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi than "make" (e.g. "gmake") to indicate it's GNU make.</p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2612531"></a>Compilation</h3></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags]</code></em></code></strong>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi This will create (in addition to usual BIND 9 programs) and a
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi separate set of libraries under the lib/export directory. For
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi example, <code class="filename">lib/export/dns/libdns.a</code> is the archive file of the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi export version of the BIND 9 DNS library. Sample application
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi programs using the libraries will also be built under the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi lib/export/samples directory (see below).</p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2612555"></a>Installation</h3></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi$ <strong class="userinput"><code>cd lib/export</code></strong>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make install</code></strong>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi This will install library object files under the directory
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi specified by the --with-export-libdir configure option (default:
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi EPREFIX/lib/bind9), and header files under the directory
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi specified by the --with-export-includedir configure option
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Root privilege is normally required.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi "<span><strong class="command">make install</strong></span>" at the top directory will do the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi To see how to build your own
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi application after the installation, see
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <code class="filename">lib/export/samples/Makefile-postinstall.in</code>.</p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2612586"></a>Known Defects/Restrictions</h3></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<li><p>Currently, win32 is not supported for the export
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi library. (Normal BIND 9 application can be built as
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<p>The "fixed" RRset order is not (currently) supported in
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi the export library. If you want to use "fixed" RRset order
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi for, e.g. <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> while still building the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi export library even without the fixed order support, build
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi them separately:
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-fixed-rrset <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags, but not --enable-exportlib]</code></em></code></strong>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags, but not --enable-fixed-rrset]</code></em></code></strong>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi$ <strong class="userinput"><code>cd lib/export</code></strong>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<li><p>The client module and the IRS library currently do not
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi support DNSSEC validation using DLV (the underlying modules
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi can handle it, but there is no tunable interface to enable
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<li><p>RFC 5011 is not supported in the validating stub
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi resolver of the export library. In fact, it is not clear
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi whether it should: trust anchors would be a system-wide
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi configuration which would be managed by an administrator,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi while the stub resolver will be used by ordinary applications
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<li><p>Not all common <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi options are supported
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi in the IRS library. The only available options in this
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2612731"></a>The dns.conf File</h3></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<p>The IRS library supports an "advanced" configuration file
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi related to the DNS library for configuration parameters that
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi would be beyond the capability of the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> file.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Specifically, it is intended to provide DNSSEC related
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi configuration parameters. By default the path to this
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi configuration file is <code class="filename">/etc/dns.conf</code>.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi This module is very
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi experimental and the configuration syntax or library interfaces
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi may change in future versions. Currently, only the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi statement is supported, whose syntax is the same as the same name
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi of statement for <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. (See
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys" title="trusted-keys Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a> for details.)</p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2612758"></a>Sample Applications</h3></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<p>Some sample application programs using this API are
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi provided for reference. The following is a brief description of
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi these applications.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2612766"></a>sample: a simple stub resolver utility</h4></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi It sends a query of a given name (of a given optional RR type) to a
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi specified recursive server, and prints the result as a list of
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi RRs. It can also act as a validating stub resolver if a trust
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi anchor is given via a set of command line options.</p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Usage: sample [options] server_address hostname
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Options and Arguments:
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi specify the RR type of the query. The default is the A RR.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi [-a algorithm] [-e] -k keyname -K keystring
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi specify a command-line DNS key to validate the answer. For
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi example, to specify the following DNSKEY of example.com:
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi����������������example.com.�3600�IN�DNSKEY�257�3�5�xxx<br>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi specify the options as follows:
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi -e means that this key is a zone's "key signing key" (as known
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi as "secure Entry point").
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi When -a is omitted rsasha1 will be used by default.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi -s domain:alt_server_address
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi specify a separate recursive server address for the specific
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi "domain". Example: -s example.com:2001:db8::1234
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<dt><span class="term">server_address</span></dt>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi an IP(v4/v6) address of the recursive server to which queries
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi the domain name for the query
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2612857"></a>sample-async: a simple stub resolver, working asynchronously</h4></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Similar to "sample", but accepts a list
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi of (query) domain names as a separate file and resolves the names
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi asynchronously.</p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Usage: sample-async [-s server_address] [-t RR_type] input_file</p>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Options and Arguments:
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi -s server_address
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi an IPv4 address of the recursive server to which queries are sent.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi (IPv6 addresses are not supported in this implementation)
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi specify the RR type of the queries. The default is the A
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi a list of domain names to be resolved. each line
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi consists of a single domain name. Example:
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2612910"></a>sample-request: a simple DNS transaction client</h4></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi It sends a query to a specified server, and
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi prints the response with minimal processing. It doesn't act as a
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi "stub resolver": it stops the processing once it gets any
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi response from the server, whether it's a referral or an alias
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi (CNAME or DNAME) that would require further queries to get the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi ultimate answer. In other words, this utility acts as a very
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi simplified <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Usage: sample-request [-t RRtype] server_address hostname
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Options and Arguments:
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi specify the RR type of
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi the queries. The default is the A RR.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi server_address
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi address of the recursive server to which the query is sent.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi the domain name for the query
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2612974"></a>sample-gai: getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() test code</h4></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi This is a test program
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi to check getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() behavior. It takes a
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi host name as an argument, calls getaddrinfo() with the given host
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi name, and calls getnameinfo() with the resulting IP addresses
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi returned by getaddrinfo(). If the dns.conf file exists and
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi defines a trust anchor, the underlying resolver will act as a
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi validating resolver, and getaddrinfo()/getnameinfo() will fail
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi with an EAI_INSECUREDATA error when DNSSEC validation fails.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Usage: sample-gai hostname
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2612989"></a>sample-update: a simple dynamic update client program</h4></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi It accepts a single update command as a
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi command-line argument, sends an update request message to the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi authoritative server, and shows the response from the server. In
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi other words, this is a simplified <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Usage: sample-update [options] (add|delete) "update data"
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Options and Arguments:
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi -a auth_server
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi An IP address of the authoritative server that has authority
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi for the zone containing the update name. This should normally
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi be the primary authoritative server that accepts dynamic
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi updates. It can also be a secondary server that is configured
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi to forward update requests to the primary server.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi A TSIG key file to secure the update transaction. The keyfile
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi format is the same as that for the nsupdate utility.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi -p prerequisite
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi A prerequisite for the update (only one prerequisite can be
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi specified). The prerequisite format is the same as that is
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi accepted by the nsupdate utility.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi -r recursive_server
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi An IP address of a recursive server that this utility will
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi use. A recursive server may be necessary to identify the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi authoritative server address to which the update request is
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi The domain name of the zone that contains
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Specify the type of update operation. Either "add" or "delete"
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi must be specified.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi "update data"
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Specify the data to be updated. A typical example of the data
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi would look like "name TTL RRtype RDATA".
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<h3 class="title">Note</h3>In practice, either -a or -r must be specified. Others can
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi be optional; the underlying library routine tries to identify the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi appropriate server and the zone name for the update.</div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Examples: assuming the primary authoritative server of the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi dynamic.example.com zone has an IPv6 address 2001:db8::1234,
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key add "foo.dynamic.example.com 30 IN A 192.168.2.1"</code></strong></pre>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi adds an A RR for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key delete "foo.dynamic.example.com 30 IN A"</code></strong></pre>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi removes all A RRs for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key delete "foo.dynamic.example.com"</code></strong></pre>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi removes all RRs for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2613735"></a>nsprobe: domain/name server checker in terms of RFC 4074</h4></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi It checks a set
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi of domains to see the name servers of the domains behave
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi correctly in terms of RFC 4074. This is included in the set of
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi sample programs to show how the export library can be used in a
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi DNS-related application.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi Usage: nsprobe [-d] [-v [-v...]] [-c cache_address] [input_file]
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi run in the "debug" mode. with this option nsprobe will dump
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi every RRs it receives.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi increase verbosity of other normal log messages. This can be
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi specified multiple times
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi -c cache_address
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi specify an IP address of a recursive (caching) name server.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi nsprobe uses this server to get the NS RRset of each domain and
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi the A and/or AAAA RRsets for the name servers. The default
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi value is 127.0.0.1.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi a file name containing a list of domain (zone) names to be
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi probed. when omitted the standard input will be used. Each
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi line of the input file specifies a single domain name such as
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi "example.com". In general this domain name must be the apex
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi name of some DNS zone (unlike normal "host names" such as
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi "www.example.com"). nsprobe first identifies the NS RRsets for
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi the given domain name, and sends A and AAAA queries to these
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi servers for some "widely used" names under the zone;
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi specifically, adding "www" and "ftp" to the zone name.
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<a name="id2613799"></a>Library References</h3></div></div></div>
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<p>As of this writing, there is no formal "manual" of the
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi libraries, except this document, header files (some of them
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi provide pretty detailed explanations), and sample application
d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi programs.</p>
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d14abf155341d55053c76eeec58b787a456b753bRobert Mustacchi<p style="text-align: center;">BIND Version 9.11</p>