Bv9ARM.ch09.html revision 4721cf595ef3dd90b77360a0484ea4b435387745
885f47576842cf3c569315b9a48bd9f0ca03f203Automatic Updater - Copyright (C) 2004-2013 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
71bd43eebd9d6e42dbcae62b730f5b6508d5acd8Automatic Updater - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
59528addd704f8d5757b54e540520f74e588a7c7Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
2bb3422dc683c013db7042f5736240de6b86f182Automatic Updater - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
7b67cfadd077feb0ec3e6c78385ba0d845a9789bMark Andrews - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
59528addd704f8d5757b54e540520f74e588a7c7Automatic Updater - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
bb93c8542756719b53096b9939e4041d0966026fAutomatic Updater - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
90ff38a0d8deaf5f9c2aa5916d99b2e572d28738Automatic Updater - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
ac4e70ff8955669341f435bc0a734a17c01af124Mark Andrews - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
6c6a121295b30772cbf3dd75a51fb9d883051a0eAutomatic Updater - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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80faf1588895fd26490f82f95a7a1b771df1c324Automatic Updater<link rel="prev" href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html" title="Chapter�8.�Troubleshooting">
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews<link rel="next" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html" title="Manual pages">
efb0e886f18894a1d2489f1ad74ad14b579e11c7Mark Andrews<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
91216cff91b34c9ff6e846dc23f248219cafe660Andreas Gustafsson<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix�A.�Appendices</th></tr>
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html">Prev</a>�</td>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">Next</a>
3098364bcdd7a719fbafa5fc8d2cc9e90e5a5989Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
80faf1588895fd26490f82f95a7a1b771df1c324Automatic Updater<a name="Bv9ARM.ch09"></a>Appendix�A.�Appendices</h2></div></div></div>
c0b771f68361b073388b85a689c12cbe502880eeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2606841">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt>
4b2cb1422c7c600fbc13b1cb06a8b4693bc11af8Mark Andrews<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#historical_dns_information">A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt></dl></dd>
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2607013">General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</a></span></dt>
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#ipv6addresses">IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
91216cff91b34c9ff6e846dc23f248219cafe660Andreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bibliography">Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</a></span></dt>
efb0e886f18894a1d2489f1ad74ad14b579e11c7Mark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#rfcs">Request for Comments (RFCs)</a></span></dt>
efb0e886f18894a1d2489f1ad74ad14b579e11c7Mark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#internet_drafts">Internet Drafts</a></span></dt>
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2610293">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
91216cff91b34c9ff6e846dc23f248219cafe660Andreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613285">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613294">Compilation</a></span></dt>
d145b64cacc8d9cda51f9924ec70cd4661c3e2cfAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2610998">Installation</a></span></dt>
bb93c8542756719b53096b9939e4041d0966026fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2611029">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
723bfc0fc28c486c805de016c4475a35328eb8abAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2611857">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
55e03fc54708d97917bf26639b987f759bdc1f44Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2611952">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
723bfc0fc28c486c805de016c4475a35328eb8abAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612993">Library References</a></span></dt>
2a31bd531072824ef252c18303859d6af7451b00Francis Dupont<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews<a name="id2606841"></a>Acknowledgments</h2></div></div></div>
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews<a name="historical_dns_information"></a>A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater Although the "official" beginning of the Domain Name
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews System occurred in 1984 with the publication of RFC 920, the
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater core of the new system was described in 1983 in RFCs 882 and
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater 883. From 1984 to 1987, the ARPAnet (the precursor to today's
efb0e886f18894a1d2489f1ad74ad14b579e11c7Mark Andrews Internet) became a testbed of experimentation for developing the
efb0e886f18894a1d2489f1ad74ad14b579e11c7Mark Andrews new naming/addressing scheme in a rapidly expanding,
fe80a4909bf62b602feaf246866e9d29f7654194Automatic Updater operational network environment. New RFCs were written and
fe80a4909bf62b602feaf246866e9d29f7654194Automatic Updater published in 1987 that modified the original documents to
fe80a4909bf62b602feaf246866e9d29f7654194Automatic Updater incorporate improvements based on the working model. RFC 1034,
fe80a4909bf62b602feaf246866e9d29f7654194Automatic Updater "Domain Names-Concepts and Facilities", and RFC 1035, "Domain
fe80a4909bf62b602feaf246866e9d29f7654194Automatic Updater Names-Implementation and Specification" were published and
fe80a4909bf62b602feaf246866e9d29f7654194Automatic Updater became the standards upon which all <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> implementations are
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews The first working domain name server, called "Jeeves", was
91216cff91b34c9ff6e846dc23f248219cafe660Andreas Gustafsson written in 1983-84 by Paul Mockapetris for operation on DEC
91216cff91b34c9ff6e846dc23f248219cafe660Andreas Gustafsson machines located at the University of Southern California's
d145b64cacc8d9cda51f9924ec70cd4661c3e2cfAutomatic Updater Sciences Institute (USC-ISI) and SRI International's Network
0df8ead472f207020f8da22a185fe4b945248ab8Automatic Updater Center (SRI-NIC). A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> server for
0ce87e5749aabb8eef1e0a37e4bd6e6ffa1d7196Automatic Updater Unix machines, the Berkeley Internet
0ce87e5749aabb8eef1e0a37e4bd6e6ffa1d7196Automatic Updater Name Domain (<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>) package, was
0df8ead472f207020f8da22a185fe4b945248ab8Automatic Updater written soon after by a group of
2bb3422dc683c013db7042f5736240de6b86f182Automatic Updater graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley
0df8ead472f207020f8da22a185fe4b945248ab8Automatic Updater a grant from the US Defense Advanced Research Projects
3098364bcdd7a719fbafa5fc8d2cc9e90e5a5989Automatic Updater Administration
59528addd704f8d5757b54e540520f74e588a7c7Automatic Updater Versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> through
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater 4.8.3 were maintained by the Computer
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Systems Research Group (CSRG) at UC Berkeley. Douglas Terry, Mark
0df8ead472f207020f8da22a185fe4b945248ab8Automatic Updater Painter, David Riggle and Songnian Zhou made up the initial <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater project team. After that, additional work on the software package
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater was done by Ralph Campbell. Kevin Dunlap, a Digital Equipment
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater employee on loan to the CSRG, worked on <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> for 2 years, from 1985
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater to 1987. Many other people also contributed to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development
59528addd704f8d5757b54e540520f74e588a7c7Automatic Updater during that time: Doug Kingston, Craig Partridge, Smoot
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Carl-Mitchell,
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Mike Muuss, Jim Bloom and Mike Schwartz. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> maintenance was subsequently
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater handled by Mike Karels and �ivind Kure.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions 4.9 and 4.9.1 were
7f94d9a8162c9a96b56e66176702b66e79d8e1a2Automatic Updater released by Digital Equipment
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Corporation (now Compaq Computer Corporation). Paul Vixie, then
19b3dc94bce93fa76bd7e066f9298630dbc9dcb4Automatic Updater a DEC employee, became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater primary caretaker. He was assisted
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater by Phil Almquist, Robert Elz, Alan Barrett, Paul Albitz, Bryan
7f94d9a8162c9a96b56e66176702b66e79d8e1a2Automatic Updater Beecher, Andrew
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Partan, Andy Cherenson, Tom Limoncelli, Berthold Paffrath, Fuat
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Baran, Anant Kumar, Art Harkin, Win Treese, Don Lewis, Christophe
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Wolfhugel, and others.
71bd43eebd9d6e42dbcae62b730f5b6508d5acd8Automatic Updater In 1994, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 4.9.2 was sponsored by
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Vixie Enterprises. Paul
7262eb86f2b465822206122921e2f357218f0cfdAutomatic Updater Vixie became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s principal
bbb069be941f649228760edcc241122933c066d2Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions from 4.9.3 onward
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater have been developed and maintained
4cda4fd158d6ded5586bacea8c388445d99611eaAutomatic Updater by the Internet Systems Consortium and its predecessor,
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews the Internet Software Consortium, with support being provided
b0d566a2ce0f5a67f537ee7f8233f82f2584cc61Automatic Updater by ISC's sponsors.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater As co-architects/programmers, Bob Halley and
59528addd704f8d5757b54e540520f74e588a7c7Automatic Updater Paul Vixie released the first production-ready version of
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 8 in May 1997.
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews BIND version 9 was released in September 2000 and is a
c5a53da13bb2126dcbbd5b45ca4904eccafe6621Automatic Updater major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the underlying
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews BIND architecture.
7f94d9a8162c9a96b56e66176702b66e79d8e1a2Automatic Updater BIND versions 4 and 8 are officially deprecated.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater No additional development is done
7f94d9a8162c9a96b56e66176702b66e79d8e1a2Automatic Updater on BIND version 4 or BIND version 8.
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development work is made
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater possible today by the sponsorship
7eda3642eea03f1181e41540c7c8791a57759383Automatic Updater of several corporations, and by the tireless work efforts of
96713299d08c0735c18ebe8772dd2cc1ecd4356aAutomatic Updater numerous individuals.
91216cff91b34c9ff6e846dc23f248219cafe660Andreas Gustafsson<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
00be0f9f61d4c6bf197d000bfa1a6b7e70ea0866Automatic Updater<a name="id2607013"></a>General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</h2></div></div></div>
5c0fc20d6e59216d9a142409e5fdb498153aeaa5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
71bd43eebd9d6e42dbcae62b730f5b6508d5acd8Automatic Updater<a name="ipv6addresses"></a>IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</h3></div></div></div>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington IPv6 addresses are 128-bit identifiers for interfaces and
f0ecd0e64ffa2a8afef95d81275d46a845f15402Automatic Updater sets of interfaces which were introduced in the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to facilitate
3857cb6fcabeb79d85de4b3e3e4ab99912b701f8Mark Andrews scalable Internet routing. There are three types of addresses: <span class="emphasis"><em>Unicast</em></span>,
59528addd704f8d5757b54e540520f74e588a7c7Automatic Updater an identifier for a single interface;
80faf1588895fd26490f82f95a7a1b771df1c324Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Anycast</em></span>,
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews an identifier for a set of interfaces; and <span class="emphasis"><em>Multicast</em></span>,
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews an identifier for a set of interfaces. Here we describe the global
91216cff91b34c9ff6e846dc23f248219cafe660Andreas Gustafsson Unicast address scheme. For more information, see RFC 3587,
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews "Global Unicast Address Format."
59528addd704f8d5757b54e540520f74e588a7c7Automatic Updater IPv6 unicast addresses consist of a
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>global routing prefix</em></span>, a
3c5dffc581c882235485cf5eaf7cd6a5e07548bfAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>subnet identifier</em></span>, and an
4b2cb1422c7c600fbc13b1cb06a8b4693bc11af8Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>interface identifier</em></span>.
59528addd704f8d5757b54e540520f74e588a7c7Automatic Updater The global routing prefix is provided by the
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater upstream provider or ISP, and (roughly) corresponds to the
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews IPv4 <span class="emphasis"><em>network</em></span> section
4b2cb1422c7c600fbc13b1cb06a8b4693bc11af8Mark Andrews of the address range.
4b2cb1422c7c600fbc13b1cb06a8b4693bc11af8Mark Andrews The subnet identifier is for local subnetting, much the
c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468Mark Andrews same as subnetting an
e076d0c88be69de7c190ab924d095e69d2e11f7aAndreas Gustafsson IPv4 /16 network into /24 subnets.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater The interface identifier is the address of an individual
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater interface on a given network; in IPv6, addresses belong to
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater interfaces rather than to machines.
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews The subnetting capability of IPv6 is much more flexible than
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater that of IPv4: subnetting can be carried out on bit boundaries,
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews in much the same way as Classless InterDomain Routing
91216cff91b34c9ff6e846dc23f248219cafe660Andreas Gustafsson (CIDR), and the DNS PTR representation ("nibble" format)
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews makes setting up reverse zones easier.
ac4e70ff8955669341f435bc0a734a17c01af124Mark Andrews The Interface Identifier must be unique on the local link,
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington and is usually generated automatically by the IPv6
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington implementation, although it is usually possible to
b4cebdb6ccde66a8f3e397a1b90b0cf788519d69Automatic Updater override the default setting if necessary. A typical IPv6
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater address might look like:
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">2001:db8:201:9:a00:20ff:fe81:2b32</strong></span>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater IPv6 address specifications often contain long strings
6c6a121295b30772cbf3dd75a51fb9d883051a0eAutomatic Updater of zeros, so the architects have included a shorthand for
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington them. The double colon (`::') indicates the longest possible
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington of zeros that can fit, and can be used only once in an address.
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="bibliography"></a>Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</h2></div></div></div>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="rfcs"></a>Request for Comments (RFCs)</h3></div></div></div>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington Specification documents for the Internet protocol suite, including
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>, are published as part of
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington the Request for Comments (RFCs)
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington series of technical notes. The standards themselves are defined
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington Engineering Steering Group (IESG). RFCs can be obtained online via FTP at:
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington <a href="ftp://www.isi.edu/in-notes/" target="_top">
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington ftp://www.isi.edu/in-notes/RFC<em class="replaceable"><code>xxxx</code></em>.txt
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington (where <em class="replaceable"><code>xxxx</code></em> is
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington the number of the RFC). RFCs are also available via the Web at:
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/" target="_top">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/</a>.
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2607269"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2607280"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC974</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Partridge</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Mail Routing and the Domain System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1986. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2607303"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1034</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names — Concepts and Facilities</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2607326"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1035</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names — Implementation and
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington Specification</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="proposed_standards"></a>Proposed Standards</h3>
a26b22914b7bf25f065afb8cdef983766dcd672bAutomatic Updater<a name="id2607363"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2181</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R., R. Bush</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Clarifications to the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater Specification</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">July 1997. </span></p>
d4ef65050feac78554addf6e16a06c6e2e0bd331Brian Wellington<a name="id2607389"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2308</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Andrews</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Negative Caching of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
d4ef65050feac78554addf6e16a06c6e2e0bd331Brian Wellington Queries</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span></p>
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews<a name="id2607415"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1995</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Ohta</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Incremental Zone Transfer in <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
d4ef65050feac78554addf6e16a06c6e2e0bd331Brian Wellington<a name="id2607440"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1996</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2607463"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2136</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Rekhter</span>, and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Bound</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2607518"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2671</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1997. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2607545"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2672</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Non-Terminal DNS Name Redirection</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2607572"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Transaction Authentication for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> (TSIG)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2607634"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2930</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
c01dec514a81ecf8c17ca3ef8c3ba95e437295ebAutomatic Updater<a name="id2607664"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2931</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Request and Transaction Signatures (SIG(0)s)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2607693"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3007</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2607720"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3645</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Kwan</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Garg</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Gilroy</span>, <span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Westhead</span>, and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Hall</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Generic Security Service Algorithm for Secret
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington Key Transaction Authentication for DNS
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater (GSS-TSIG)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 2003. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Security Proposed Standards</h3>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2607802"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3225</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Conrad</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Indicating Resolver Support of DNSSEC</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2001. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2607829"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3833</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Atkins</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Threat Analysis of the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2607933"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4033</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Introduction and Requirements</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2607998"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4034</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
7adcb4de92bf4383a4c5624c4ed256736d02bc6dMark Andrews<a name="id2608064"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4035</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Protocol Modifications for the DNS
7adcb4de92bf4383a4c5624c4ed256736d02bc6dMark Andrews Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<h3 class="title">Other Important RFCs About <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington Implementation</h3>
a26b22914b7bf25f065afb8cdef983766dcd672bAutomatic Updater<a name="id2608137"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1535</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Gavron</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Security Problem and Proposed Correction With Widely
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Deployed <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Software.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2608163"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1536</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Kumar</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Neuman</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Danzig</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Miller</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Implementation
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Errors and Suggested Fixes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
7adcb4de92bf4383a4c5624c4ed256736d02bc6dMark Andrews<a name="id2608231"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1982</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Bush</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Serial Number Arithmetic</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2608266"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4074</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Morishita</span> and <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Jinmei</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common Misbehaviour Against <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington Queries for IPv6 Addresses</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2005. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<h3 class="title">Resource Record Types</h3>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2608312"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1183</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.F.</span> <span class="surname">Everhart</span>, <span class="firstname">L. A.</span> <span class="surname">Mamakos</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Ullmann</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>New <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR Definitions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1990. </span></p>
7adcb4de92bf4383a4c5624c4ed256736d02bc6dMark Andrews<a name="id2608370"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1706</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Colella</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> NSAP Resource Records</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1994. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2608407"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2168</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using
7adcb4de92bf4383a4c5624c4ed256736d02bc6dMark Andrews the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">June 1997. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2608442"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1876</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Davis</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span>, and <span class="firstname">I.</span> <span class="surname">Dickinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Means for Expressing Location Information in the
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1996. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2608497"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2052</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR for Specifying the
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington Services.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2608535"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2163</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Allocchio</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Internet <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Distribute MIXER
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Conformant Global Address Mapping</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1998. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2608561"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2230</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Atkinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Key Exchange Delegation Record for the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2608586"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2536</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DSA KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2608613"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/MD5 KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2608640"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2538</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storing Certificates in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
7adcb4de92bf4383a4c5624c4ed256736d02bc6dMark Andrews<a name="id2608679"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2539</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storage of Diffie-Hellman Keys in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2608709"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2540</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Detached Domain Name System (DNS) Information</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
7adcb4de92bf4383a4c5624c4ed256736d02bc6dMark Andrews<a name="id2608739"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2782</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2000. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2608781"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2915</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2608814"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3110</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/SHA-1 SIGs and RSA KEYs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2001. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2608841"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Koch</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR Type for Lists of Address Prefixes (APL RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">June 2001. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2608865"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3596</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>, <span class="firstname">V.</span> <span class="surname">Ksinant</span>, and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Souissi</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Extensions to support IP
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington version 6</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 2003. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2608922"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3597</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gustafsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record (RR) Types</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2003. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and the Internet</h3>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2608954"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1101</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Network Names
b0d566a2ce0f5a67f537ee7f8233f82f2584cc61Automatic Updater and Other Types</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1989. </span></p>
b4cebdb6ccde66a8f3e397a1b90b0cf788519d69Automatic Updater<a name="id2608980"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="surname">Braden</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Support</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1989. </span></p>
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2609002"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1591</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Structure and Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1994. </span></p>
532d27b39244fadfcf8d8b4593f4c65434c9c664Automatic Updater<a name="id2609026"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2317</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">H.</span> <span class="surname">Eidnes</span>, <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">de Groot</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span></p>
532d27b39244fadfcf8d8b4593f4c65434c9c664Automatic Updater<a name="id2609072"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2826</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">Internet Architecture Board</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>IAB Technical Comment on the Unique DNS Root</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2609095"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2929</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Brunner-Williams</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operations</h3>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2609153"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1033</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Lottor</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain administrators operations guide.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2609176"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Beertema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Data File
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Configuration Errors</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2609203"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1912</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Barr</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operational and
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Configuration Errors</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 1996. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2609298"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2010</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Operational Criteria for Root Name Servers.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span></p>
fd7c65dce9c2b1a3d12ca4df9074cd38019fdb5fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2609334"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2219</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Hamilton</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Wright</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Use of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Aliases for
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Network Services.</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<h3 class="title">Internationalized Domain Names</h3>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2609380"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2825</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">IAB</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daigle</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Tangled Web: Issues of I18N, Domain Names,
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater and the Other Internet protocols</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2609412"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3490</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Faltstrom</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span>, and <span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2609458"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3491</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Blanchet</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Nameprep: A Stringprep Profile for Internationalized Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2609493"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3492</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Punycode: A Bootstring encoding of Unicode
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington for Internationalized Domain Names in
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Applications (IDNA)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<h3 class="title">Other <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>-related RFCs</h3>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Note: the following list of RFCs, although
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>-related, are not
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater concerned with implementing software.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2609538"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1464</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Rosenbaum</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Domain Name System To Store Arbitrary String
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Attributes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1993. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2609560"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1713</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Romao</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Tools for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Debugging</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span></p>
fd7c65dce9c2b1a3d12ca4df9074cd38019fdb5fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2609586"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1794</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Brisco</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Support for Load
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Balancing</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1995. </span></p>
068a66979695c77359e7a9181bb3f831c965b21cMark Andrews<a name="id2609611"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2240</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1997. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2609635"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2345</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Wolf</span>, and <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">Oglesby</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names and Company Name Retrieval</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2609681"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2352</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Convention For Using Legal Names as Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2609704"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3071</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Reflections on the DNS, RFC 1591, and Categories of Domains</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2001. </span></p>
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2609731"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3258</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Hardie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Distributing Authoritative Name Servers via
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Shared Unicast Addresses</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 2002. </span></p>
2da2220fe7af2c45724b50b0187523b1fab0cf08Rob Austein<a name="id2609756"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3901</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Durand</span> and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Ihren</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS IPv6 Transport Operational Guidelines</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2004. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<h3 class="title">Obsolete and Unimplemented Experimental RFC</h3>
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2609800"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1712</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Farrell</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Schulze</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Pleitner</span>, and <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Baldoni</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Geographical
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater Location</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span></p>
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2609858"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2673</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Binary Labels in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2609884"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2874</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater and Renumbering</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">July 2000. </span></p>
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater<h3 class="title">Obsoleted DNS Security RFCs</h3>
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
7af91d15b2ce1ce32f7320f6d5cc3b83621c241aAutomatic Updater Most of these have been consolidated into RFC4033,
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington RFC4034 and RFC4035 which collectively describe DNSSECbis.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2609932"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2065</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Kaufman</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1997. </span></p>
6c6a121295b30772cbf3dd75a51fb9d883051a0eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2609972"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2137</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2609998"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2535</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2610028"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3008</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC)
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Signing Authority</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2610054"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3090</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Extension Clarification on Zone Status</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2001. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2610081"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3445</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span> and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Limiting the Scope of the KEY Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2002. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2610117"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3655</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Redefinition of DNS Authenticated Data (AD) bit</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2003. </span></p>
601c1908d06375f5dea00ab98671a6c934d8a840Automatic Updater<a name="id2610153"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3658</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2003. </span></p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2610180"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3755</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Weiler</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Legacy Resolver Compatibility for Delegation Signer (DS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2004. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2610206"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3757</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Kolkman</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>, and <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System KEY (DNSKEY) Resource Record
bbf7c3fd96ae5e02cb84743c581862e35327032aAutomatic Updater (RR) Secure Entry Point (SEP) Flag</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 2004. </span></p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2610251"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security (DNSSEC) NextSECure (NSEC) RDATA Format</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
7a6ad11e0185a73984410f3252f3c49c3a301dbdBrian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="internet_drafts"></a>Internet Drafts</h3></div></div></div>
7a6ad11e0185a73984410f3252f3c49c3a301dbdBrian Wellington Internet Drafts (IDs) are rough-draft working documents of
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater the Internet Engineering Task Force. They are, in essence, RFCs
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater in the preliminary stages of development. Implementors are
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater to regard IDs as archival, and they should not be quoted or cited
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington in any formal documents unless accompanied by the disclaimer that
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington they are "works in progress." IDs have a lifespan of six months
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington after which they are deleted unless updated by their authors.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2610293"></a>Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
f65d2e1c04c806a185bf9f3120e80692f5ccd5e6Automatic Updater<a name="id2610302"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2610305"></a><p><span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Paul</span> <span class="surname">Albitz</span> and <span class="firstname">Cricket</span> <span class="surname">Liu</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></i>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright � 1998 Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly and Associates. </span></p>
d145b64cacc8d9cda51f9924ec70cd4661c3e2cfAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="bind9.library"></a>BIND 9 DNS Library Support</h2></div></div></div>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<p>This version of BIND 9 "exports" its internal libraries so
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater that they can be used by third-party applications more easily (we
d145b64cacc8d9cda51f9924ec70cd4661c3e2cfAutomatic Updater call them "export" libraries in this document). In addition to
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater all major DNS-related APIs BIND 9 is currently using, the export
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater libraries provide the following features:</p>
e076d0c88be69de7c190ab924d095e69d2e11f7aAndreas Gustafsson<li><p>The newly created "DNS client" module. This is a higher
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater level API that provides an interface to name resolution,
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews single DNS transaction with a particular server, and dynamic
e076d0c88be69de7c190ab924d095e69d2e11f7aAndreas Gustafsson update. Regarding name resolution, it supports advanced
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater features such as DNSSEC validation and caching. This module
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater supports both synchronous and asynchronous mode.</p></li>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<li><p>The new "IRS" (Information Retrieval System) library.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater It provides an interface to parse the traditional resolv.conf
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater file and more advanced, DNS-specific configuration file for
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater the rest of this package (see the description for the
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<li><p>As part of the IRS library, newly implemented standard
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater address-name mapping functions, getaddrinfo() and
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater getnameinfo(), are provided. They use the DNSSEC-aware
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater validating resolver backend, and could use other advanced
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater features of the BIND 9 libraries such as caching. The
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater getaddrinfo() function resolves both A and AAAA RRs
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater concurrently (when the address family is unspecified).</p></li>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<li><p>An experimental framework to support other event
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater libraries than BIND 9's internal event task system.</p></li>
601c1908d06375f5dea00ab98671a6c934d8a840Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
601c1908d06375f5dea00ab98671a6c934d8a840Automatic Updater<a name="id2613285"></a>Prerequisite</h3></div></div></div>
601c1908d06375f5dea00ab98671a6c934d8a840Automatic Updater<p>GNU make is required to build the export libraries (other
601c1908d06375f5dea00ab98671a6c934d8a840Automatic Updater part of BIND 9 can still be built with other types of make). In
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater the reminder of this document, "make" means GNU make. Note that
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington in some platforms you may need to invoke a different command name
fd7c65dce9c2b1a3d12ca4df9074cd38019fdb5fAutomatic Updater than "make" (e.g. "gmake") to indicate it's GNU make.</p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2613294"></a>Compilation</h3></div></div></div>
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags]</code></em></code></strong>
601c1908d06375f5dea00ab98671a6c934d8a840Automatic Updater$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater This will create (in addition to usual BIND 9 programs) and a
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington separate set of libraries under the lib/export directory. For
fd7c65dce9c2b1a3d12ca4df9074cd38019fdb5fAutomatic Updater example, <code class="filename">lib/export/dns/libdns.a</code> is the archive file of the
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater export version of the BIND 9 DNS library. Sample application
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater programs using the libraries will also be built under the
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater lib/export/samples directory (see below).</p>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2610998"></a>Installation</h3></div></div></div>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington$ <strong class="userinput"><code>cd lib/export</code></strong>
601c1908d06375f5dea00ab98671a6c934d8a840Automatic Updater$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make install</code></strong>
601c1908d06375f5dea00ab98671a6c934d8a840Automatic Updater This will install library object files under the directory
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater specified by the --with-export-libdir configure option (default:
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington EPREFIX/lib/bind9), and header files under the directory
fd7c65dce9c2b1a3d12ca4df9074cd38019fdb5fAutomatic Updater specified by the --with-export-includedir configure option
fd7c65dce9c2b1a3d12ca4df9074cd38019fdb5fAutomatic Updater Root privilege is normally required.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater "<span><strong class="command">make install</strong></span>" at the top directory will do the
53aed64e0f8553762fc0c380ee41cb42f514c7d5Brian Wellington To see how to build your own
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater application after the installation, see
f65d2e1c04c806a185bf9f3120e80692f5ccd5e6Automatic Updater <code class="filename">lib/export/samples/Makefile-postinstall.in</code>.</p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2611029"></a>Known Defects/Restrictions</h3></div></div></div>
af3e516f771c8ba376a8cd954a7233badfce8cdcAutomatic Updater<li><p>Currently, win32 is not supported for the export
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews library. (Normal BIND 9 application can be built as
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews<p>The "fixed" RRset order is not (currently) supported in
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews the export library. If you want to use "fixed" RRset order
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews for, e.g. <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> while still building the
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews export library even without the fixed order support, build
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews them separately:
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-fixed-rrset <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags, but not --enable-exportlib]</code></em></code></strong>
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags, but not --enable-fixed-rrset]</code></em></code></strong>
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews$ <strong class="userinput"><code>cd lib/export</code></strong>
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews<li><p>The client module and the IRS library currently do not
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews support DNSSEC validation using DLV (the underlying modules
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews can handle it, but there is no tunable interface to enable
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews<li><p>RFC 5011 is not supported in the validating stub
7e1a8f402e3881388db37152f71c698cb1f1c426Mark Andrews resolver of the export library. In fact, it is not clear
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater whether it should: trust anchors would be a system-wide
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater configuration which would be managed by an administrator,
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater while the stub resolver will be used by ordinary applications
af3e516f771c8ba376a8cd954a7233badfce8cdcAutomatic Updater<li><p>Not all common <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater options are supported
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater in the IRS library. The only available options in this
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2611857"></a>The dns.conf File</h3></div></div></div>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<p>The IRS library supports an "advanced" configuration file
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater related to the DNS library for configuration parameters that
5ae0e2c8b72fa44237edeb37d1945b1c3535ca39Automatic Updater would be beyond the capability of the
f55369d776907119cd8699a4119d9c80daa7cae4Mark Andrews <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> file.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Specifically, it is intended to provide DNSSEC related
f55369d776907119cd8699a4119d9c80daa7cae4Mark Andrews configuration parameters. By default the path to this
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater configuration file is <code class="filename">/etc/dns.conf</code>.
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington This module is very
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater experimental and the configuration syntax or library interfaces
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington may change in future versions. Currently, only the
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington statement is supported, whose syntax is the same as the same name
fd7c65dce9c2b1a3d12ca4df9074cd38019fdb5fAutomatic Updater of statement for <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. (See
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys" title="trusted-keys Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a> for details.)</p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2611952"></a>Sample Applications</h3></div></div></div>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<p>Some sample application programs using this API are
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater provided for reference. The following is a brief description of
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington these applications.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2611960"></a>sample: a simple stub resolver utility</h4></div></div></div>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater It sends a query of a given name (of a given optional RR type) to a
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater specified recursive server, and prints the result as a list of
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington RRs. It can also act as a validating stub resolver if a trust
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater anchor is given via a set of command line options.</p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Usage: sample [options] server_address hostname
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Options and Arguments:
6c6a121295b30772cbf3dd75a51fb9d883051a0eAutomatic Updater specify the RR type of the query. The default is the A RR.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater [-a algorithm] [-e] -k keyname -K keystring
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater specify a command-line DNS key to validate the answer. For
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington example, to specify the following DNSKEY of example.com:
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater����������������example.com.�3600�IN�DNSKEY�257�3�5�xxx<br>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater specify the options as follows:
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington -e means that this key is a zone's "key signing key" (as known
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington as "secure Entry point").
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington When -a is omitted rsasha1 will be used by default.
fd7c65dce9c2b1a3d12ca4df9074cd38019fdb5fAutomatic Updater -s domain:alt_server_address
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater specify a separate recursive server address for the specific
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater "domain". Example: -s example.com:2001:db8::1234
8227257b1c0224a7991e04bb79dc5059d5062dfbAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term">server_address</span></dt>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater an IP(v4/v6) address of the recursive server to which queries
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">hostname</span></dt>
fd7c65dce9c2b1a3d12ca4df9074cd38019fdb5fAutomatic Updater the domain name for the query
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington<a name="id2612051"></a>sample-async: a simple stub resolver, working asynchronously</h4></div></div></div>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Similar to "sample", but accepts a list
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington of (query) domain names as a separate file and resolves the names
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater asynchronously.</p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Usage: sample-async [-s server_address] [-t RR_type] input_file</p>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Options and Arguments:
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater -s server_address
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater an IPv4 address of the recursive server to which queries are sent.
601c1908d06375f5dea00ab98671a6c934d8a840Automatic Updater (IPv6 addresses are not supported in this implementation)
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater specify the RR type of the queries. The default is the A
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater a list of domain names to be resolved. each line
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater consists of a single domain name. Example:
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2612309"></a>sample-request: a simple DNS transaction client</h4></div></div></div>
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater It sends a query to a specified server, and
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater prints the response with minimal processing. It doesn't act as a
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater "stub resolver": it stops the processing once it gets any
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater response from the server, whether it's a referral or an alias
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater (CNAME or DNAME) that would require further queries to get the
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater ultimate answer. In other words, this utility acts as a very
9e3a7b0faf417a10f5f689edf288807b2d5eedc5Brian Wellington simplified <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Usage: sample-request [-t RRtype] server_address hostname
a26b22914b7bf25f065afb8cdef983766dcd672bAutomatic Updater Options and Arguments:
0df8ead472f207020f8da22a185fe4b945248ab8Automatic Updater specify the RR type of
6c6a121295b30772cbf3dd75a51fb9d883051a0eAutomatic Updater the queries. The default is the A RR.
0df8ead472f207020f8da22a185fe4b945248ab8Automatic Updater server_address
6c6a121295b30772cbf3dd75a51fb9d883051a0eAutomatic Updater address of the recursive server to which the query is sent.
6c6a121295b30772cbf3dd75a51fb9d883051a0eAutomatic Updater the domain name for the query
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater<a name="id2612373"></a>sample-gai: getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() test code</h4></div></div></div>
91216cff91b34c9ff6e846dc23f248219cafe660Andreas Gustafsson This is a test program
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater to check getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() behavior. It takes a
bd40cbcd09057ddfd043291aba82a56c90ec2523Automatic Updater host name as an argument, calls getaddrinfo() with the given host
d912d1139efa8410785f0fc88dfb7dc7fbaae6deMark Andrews name, and calls getnameinfo() with the resulting IP addresses
59528addd704f8d5757b54e540520f74e588a7c7Automatic Updater returned by getaddrinfo(). If the dns.conf file exists and
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater defines a trust anchor, the underlying resolver will act as a
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater validating resolver, and getaddrinfo()/getnameinfo() will fail
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater with an EAI_INSECUREDATA error when DNSSEC validation fails.
7932a7637170550bc53b38c35db9a0187dcb3d3bAutomatic Updater Usage: sample-gai hostname
d912d1139efa8410785f0fc88dfb7dc7fbaae6deMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3d3088c228153b21af8c278c46294217c545dc45Mark Andrews<a name="id2612388"></a>sample-update: a simple dynamic update client program</h4></div></div></div>
2fd97723b2ec7fc1975672780ab0c1c9a8c369d6Automatic Updater It accepts a single update command as a
d145b64cacc8d9cda51f9924ec70cd4661c3e2cfAutomatic Updater command-line argument, sends an update request message to the
ac4e70ff8955669341f435bc0a734a17c01af124Mark Andrews authoritative server, and shows the response from the server. In
282e38d96feb488fddbbc0b0409491094786977fMark Andrews other words, this is a simplified <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>.
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Usage: sample-update [options] (add|delete) "update data"
ce9cad6bb04869c5e94d9dc721032b25117f9210Automatic Updater Options and Arguments:
8fca573ba41a1669fff64f234275e956551eb6e5Mark Andrews -a auth_server
8fca573ba41a1669fff64f234275e956551eb6e5Mark Andrews An IP address of the authoritative server that has authority
8fca573ba41a1669fff64f234275e956551eb6e5Mark Andrews for the zone containing the update name. This should normally
8fca573ba41a1669fff64f234275e956551eb6e5Mark Andrews be the primary authoritative server that accepts dynamic
0ca8fddd5b5e26d8a05f0936fc4b2666a025b9c0Mark Andrews updates. It can also be a secondary server that is configured
c6517a807173827b8f638d31303805ee4c1d8054Automatic Updater to forward update requests to the primary server.
821d2613356f81e5bb5c107288d6d5cf35c2a1e8Mark Andrews A TSIG key file to secure the update transaction. The keyfile
10b4a0c3a4eec1b22b990c0a0595fbda51f54e94Automatic Updater format is the same as that for the nsupdate utility.
821d2613356f81e5bb5c107288d6d5cf35c2a1e8Mark Andrews -p prerequisite
821d2613356f81e5bb5c107288d6d5cf35c2a1e8Mark Andrews A prerequisite for the update (only one prerequisite can be
821d2613356f81e5bb5c107288d6d5cf35c2a1e8Mark Andrews specified). The prerequisite format is the same as that is
821d2613356f81e5bb5c107288d6d5cf35c2a1e8Mark Andrews accepted by the nsupdate utility.
21f8d40dbd9be951555f46b0bfa23571c5a9b913Automatic Updater -r recursive_server
821d2613356f81e5bb5c107288d6d5cf35c2a1e8Mark Andrews An IP address of a recursive server that this utility will
821d2613356f81e5bb5c107288d6d5cf35c2a1e8Mark Andrews use. A recursive server may be necessary to identify the
821d2613356f81e5bb5c107288d6d5cf35c2a1e8Mark Andrews authoritative server address to which the update request is
821d2613356f81e5bb5c107288d6d5cf35c2a1e8Mark Andrews The domain name of the zone that contains
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews (add|delete)
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews Specify the type of update operation. Either "add" or "delete"
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews must be specified.
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews "update data"
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews Specify the data to be updated. A typical example of the data
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews would look like "name TTL RRtype RDATA".
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews<h3 class="title">Note</h3>In practice, either -a or -r must be specified. Others can
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews be optional; the underlying library routine tries to identify the
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews appropriate server and the zone name for the update.</div>
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews Examples: assuming the primary authoritative server of the
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews dynamic.example.com zone has an IPv6 address 2001:db8::1234,
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key add "foo.dynamic.example.com 30 IN A 192.168.2.1"</code></strong></pre>
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews adds an A RR for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key delete "foo.dynamic.example.com 30 IN A"</code></strong></pre>
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews removes all A RRs for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key delete "foo.dynamic.example.com"</code></strong></pre>
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews removes all RRs for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews<a name="id2612929"></a>nsprobe: domain/name server checker in terms of RFC 4074</h4></div></div></div>
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews It checks a set
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews of domains to see the name servers of the domains behave
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews correctly in terms of RFC 4074. This is included in the set of
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews sample programs to show how the export library can be used in a
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews DNS-related application.
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews Usage: nsprobe [-d] [-v [-v...]] [-c cache_address] [input_file]
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews run in the "debug" mode. with this option nsprobe will dump
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews every RRs it receives.
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews increase verbosity of other normal log messages. This can be
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews specified multiple times
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews -c cache_address
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews specify an IP address of a recursive (caching) name server.
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews nsprobe uses this server to get the NS RRset of each domain and
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews the A and/or AAAA RRsets for the name servers. The default
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews value is 127.0.0.1.
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews a file name containing a list of domain (zone) names to be
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews probed. when omitted the standard input will be used. Each
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews line of the input file specifies a single domain name such as
aa1d397c4736cd86540555193d71e55fa3b37b2aMark Andrews "example.com". In general this domain name must be the apex
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews name of some DNS zone (unlike normal "host names" such as
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews "www.example.com"). nsprobe first identifies the NS RRsets for
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews the given domain name, and sends A and AAAA queries to these
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews servers for some "widely used" names under the zone;
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews specifically, adding "www" and "ftp" to the zone name.
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews<a name="id2612993"></a>Library References</h3></div></div></div>
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews<p>As of this writing, there is no formal "manual" of the
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews libraries, except this document, header files (some of them
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews provide pretty detailed explanations), and sample application
4f087942583014b241adca1bc78c6db89ed96e94Mark Andrews programs.</p>
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