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e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek - Copyright (C) 2004-2014 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek -
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e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<title>Appendix�A.�Appendices</title>
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e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<hr>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek</div>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<div class="appendix" lang="en">
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<a name="Bv9ARM.ch09"></a>Appendix�A.�Appendices</h2></div></div></div>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<div class="toc">
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dl>
9c62d6619b87f1255ef6515280a20552fca9d925Lukas Slebodnik<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2580657">Release Notes for BIND Version 9.11.0pre-alpha</a></span></dt>
9c62d6619b87f1255ef6515280a20552fca9d925Lukas Slebodnik<dd><dl>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_intro">Introduction</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_download">Download</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_security">Security Fixes</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_features">New Features</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_changes">Feature Changes</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_bugs">Bug Fixes</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_thanks">Thank You</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek</dl></dd>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2607587">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#historical_dns_information">A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt></dl></dd>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2607758">General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#ipv6addresses">IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bibliography">Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dd><dl>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#rfcs">Request for Comments (RFCs)</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#internet_drafts">Internet Drafts</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2610970">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek</dl></dd>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dd><dl>
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2614715">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2614725">Compilation</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613452">Installation</a></span></dt>
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613483">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613560">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613587">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2614423">Library References</a></span></dt>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek</dl></dd>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek</dl>
20a2be57d764f58c4a6532310331e26a3273ada8Lukas Slebodnik</div>
20a2be57d764f58c4a6532310331e26a3273ada8Lukas Slebodnik<div class="sect1" lang="en">
9c62d6619b87f1255ef6515280a20552fca9d925Lukas Slebodnik<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek<a name="id2580657"></a>Release Notes for BIND Version 9.11.0pre-alpha</h2></div></div></div>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<div class="sect2" lang="en">
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<a name="relnotes_intro"></a>Introduction</h3></div></div></div>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<p>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek This document summarizes changes since the last production release
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek of BIND on the corresponding major release branch.
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek </p>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek</div>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<div class="sect2" lang="en">
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<a name="relnotes_download"></a>Download</h3></div></div></div>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<p>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek The latest versions of BIND 9 software can always be found at
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek <a href="http://www.isc.org/downloads/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/downloads/</a>.
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek There you will find additional information about each release,
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek source code, and pre-compiled versions for Microsoft Windows
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek operating systems.
16cb0969f0a9ea71524d852077d6a480740d4f12Jakub Hrozek </p>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek</div>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek<div class="sect2" lang="en">
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek<a name="relnotes_security"></a>Security Fixes</h3></div></div></div>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek<li><p>None</p></li>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek<li><p>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek Errors reported when running <span><strong class="command">rndc addzone</strong></span>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek (e.g., when a zone file cannot be loaded) have been clarified
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek to make it easier to diagnose problems.
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek </p></li>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek</ul></div>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek</div>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek<div class="sect2" lang="en">
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek<a name="relnotes_features"></a>New Features</h3></div></div></div>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek<li><p>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek The serial number of a dynamically updatable zone can
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek now be set using
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">rndc signing -serial <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span>.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek This is particularly useful with <code class="option">inline-signing</code>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek zones that have been reset. Setting the serial number to a value
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek larger than that on the slaves will trigger an AXFR-style
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek transfer.
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek </p></li>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek<li><p>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek When answering recursive queries, SERVFAIL responses can now be
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek cached by the server for a limited time; subsequent queries for
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek the same query name and type will return another SERVFAIL until
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek the cache times out. This reduces the frequency of retries
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek when a query is persistently failing, which can be a burden
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek on recursive serviers. The SERVFAIL cache timeout is controlled
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek by <code class="option">servfail-ttl</code>, which defaults to 10 seconds
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek and has an upper limit of 30.
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek </p></li>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek<li><p>
b4f87b42b18888c396e44e7359f7aafb092221bfJakub Hrozek The new <span><strong class="command">rndc nta</strong></span> command can now be used to
16cb0969f0a9ea71524d852077d6a480740d4f12Jakub Hrozek set a "negative trust anchor" (NTA), disabling DNSSEC validation for
16cb0969f0a9ea71524d852077d6a480740d4f12Jakub Hrozek a specific domain; this can be used when responses from a domain
16cb0969f0a9ea71524d852077d6a480740d4f12Jakub Hrozek are known to be failing validation due to administrative error
16cb0969f0a9ea71524d852077d6a480740d4f12Jakub Hrozek rather than because of a spoofing attack. NTAs are strictly
16cb0969f0a9ea71524d852077d6a480740d4f12Jakub Hrozek temporary; by default they expire after one hour, but can be
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek configured to last up to one week. The default NTA lifetime
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek can be changed by setting the <code class="option">nta-lifetime</code> in
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek The EDNS Client Subnet (ECS) option is now supported for
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek authoritative servers; if a query contains an ECS option then
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek ACLs containing <code class="option">geoip</code> or <code class="option">ecs</code>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek elements can match against the the address encoded in the option.
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek This can be used to select a view for a query, so that different
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek answers can be provided depending on the client network.
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek The EDNS EXPIRE option has been implemented on the client
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek side, allowing a slave server to set the expiration timer
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek correctly when transferring zone data from another slave
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek server.
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek A new <code class="option">masterfile-style</code> zone option controls
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek the formatting of text zone files: When set to
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <code class="literal">full</code>, the zone file will dumped in
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek single-line-per-record format.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">dig +ednsopt</strong></span> can now be used to set
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek arbitrary EDNS options in DNS requests.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">dig +ednsflags</strong></span> can now be used to set
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek yet-to-be-defined EDNS flags in DNS requests.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">dig +header-only</strong></span> can now be used to send
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek queries without a question section.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">dig +ttlunits</strong></span> causes <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek to print TTL values with time-unit suffixes: w, d, h, m, s for
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek weeks, days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">dig +dscp=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></strong></span>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek can now be used to set the DSCP code point in outgoing query
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek packets.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <code class="option">serial-update-method</code> can now be set to
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <code class="literal">date</code>. On update, the serial number will
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek be set to the current date in YYYYMMDDNN format.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone -N date</strong></span> also sets the serial
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek number to YYYYMMDDNN.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">named -L <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></strong></span>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek causes named to send log messages to the specified file by
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek default instead of to the system log.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek The rate limiter configured by the
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <code class="option">serial-query-rate</code> option no longer covers
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek NOTIFY messages; those are now separately controlled by
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <code class="option">notify-rate</code> and
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <code class="option">startup-notify-rate</code> (the latter of which
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek controls the rate of NOTIFY messages sent when the server
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek is first started up or reconfigured).
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek The default number of tasks and client objects available
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek for serving lightweight resolver queries have been increased,
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek and are now configurable via the new <code class="option">lwres-tasks</code>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek and <code class="option">lwres-clients</code> options in
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. [RT #35857]
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Log output to files can now be buffered by specifying
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">buffered yes;</strong></span> when creating a channel.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek</ul></div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek</div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="sect2" lang="en">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<a name="relnotes_changes"></a>Feature Changes</h3></div></div></div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek ACLs containing <span><strong class="command">geoip asnum</strong></span> elements were
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek not correctly matched unless the full organization name was
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek specified in the ACL (as in
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">geoip asnum "AS1234 Example, Inc.";</strong></span>).
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek They can now match against the AS number alone (as in
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">geoip asnum "AS1234";</strong></span>).
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek When using native PKCS#11 cryptography (i.e.,
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">configure --enable-native-pkcs11</strong></span>) HSM PINs
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek of up to 256 characters can now be used.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek NXDOMAIN responses to queries of type DS are now cached separately
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek from those for other types. This helps when using "grafted" zones
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek of type forward, for which the parent zone does not contain a
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek delegation, such as local top-level domains. Previously a query
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek of type DS for such a zone could cause the zone apex to be cached
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek as NXDOMAIN, blocking all subsequent queries. (Note: This
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek change is only helpful when DNSSEC validation is not enabled.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek "Grafted" zones without a delegation in the parent are not a
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek recommended configuration.)
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Update forwarding performance has been improved by allowing
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek a single TCP connection to be shared between multiple updates.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek By default, <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> will now check
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek the correctness of hostnames when adding records of type
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek A, AAAA, MX, SOA, NS, SRV or PTR. This behavior can be
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek disabled with <span><strong class="command">check-names no</strong></span>.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek</ul></div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek</div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="sect2" lang="en">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<a name="relnotes_bugs"></a>Bug Fixes</h3></div></div></div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> and
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">nslookup</strong></span> aborted when encountering
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek a name which, after appending search list elements,
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek exceeded 255 bytes. Such names are now skipped, but
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek processing of other names will continue. [RT #36892]
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek The error message generated when
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span> or
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">named-checkconf -z</strong></span> encounters a
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <code class="option">$TTL</code> directive without a value has
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek been clarified. [RT #37138]
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Semicolon characters (;) included in TXT records were
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek incorrectly escaped with a backslash when the record was
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek displayed as text. This is actually only necessary when there
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek are no quotation marks. [RT #37159]
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek When files opened for writing by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>,
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek such as zone journal files, were referenced more than once
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, it could lead to file
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek corruption as multiple threads wrote to the same file. This
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek is now detected when loading <code class="filename">named.conf</code>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek and reported as an error. [RT #37172]
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek When checking for updates to trust anchors listed in
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <code class="option">managed-keys</code>, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek now revalidates keys based on the current set of
f3d91181d4ee9da3f8bbf4ddf8782951c0ae46c1Jakub Hrozek active trust anchors, without relying on any cached
f3d91181d4ee9da3f8bbf4ddf8782951c0ae46c1Jakub Hrozek record of previous validation. [RT #37506]
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<li><p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Large-system tuning
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek (<span><strong class="command">configure --with-tuning=large</strong></span>) caused
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek problems on some platforms by setting a socket receive
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek buffer size that was too large. This is now detected and
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek corrected at run time. [RT #37187]
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p></li>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek</ul></div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek</div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="sect2" lang="en">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<a name="relnotes_thanks"></a>Thank You</h3></div></div></div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Thank you to everyone who assisted us in making this release possible.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek If you would like to contribute to ISC to assist us in continuing to
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek make quality open source software, please visit our donations page at
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <a href="http://www.isc.org/donate/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/donate/</a>.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek</div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek</div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="sect1" lang="en">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<a name="id2607587"></a>Acknowledgments</h2></div></div></div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="sect2" lang="en">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<a name="historical_dns_information"></a>A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek</h3></div></div></div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Although the "official" beginning of the Domain Name
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek System occurred in 1984 with the publication of RFC 920, the
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek core of the new system was described in 1983 in RFCs 882 and
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek 883. From 1984 to 1987, the ARPAnet (the precursor to today's
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Internet) became a testbed of experimentation for developing the
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek new naming/addressing scheme in a rapidly expanding,
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek operational network environment. New RFCs were written and
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek published in 1987 that modified the original documents to
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek incorporate improvements based on the working model. RFC 1034,
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek "Domain Names-Concepts and Facilities", and RFC 1035, "Domain
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Names-Implementation and Specification" were published and
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek became the standards upon which all <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> implementations are
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek built.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek The first working domain name server, called "Jeeves", was
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek written in 1983-84 by Paul Mockapetris for operation on DEC
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Tops-20
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek machines located at the University of Southern California's
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Information
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Sciences Institute (USC-ISI) and SRI International's Network
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Information
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Center (SRI-NIC). A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> server for
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Unix machines, the Berkeley Internet
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Name Domain (<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>) package, was
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek written soon after by a group of
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek under
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek a grant from the US Defense Advanced Research Projects
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Administration
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek (DARPA).
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> through
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek 4.8.3 were maintained by the Computer
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Systems Research Group (CSRG) at UC Berkeley. Douglas Terry, Mark
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Painter, David Riggle and Songnian Zhou made up the initial <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek project team. After that, additional work on the software package
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek was done by Ralph Campbell. Kevin Dunlap, a Digital Equipment
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Corporation
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek employee on loan to the CSRG, worked on <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> for 2 years, from 1985
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek to 1987. Many other people also contributed to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek during that time: Doug Kingston, Craig Partridge, Smoot
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Carl-Mitchell,
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Mike Muuss, Jim Bloom and Mike Schwartz. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> maintenance was subsequently
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek handled by Mike Karels and �ivind Kure.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions 4.9 and 4.9.1 were
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek released by Digital Equipment
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Corporation (now Compaq Computer Corporation). Paul Vixie, then
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek a DEC employee, became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek primary caretaker. He was assisted
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek by Phil Almquist, Robert Elz, Alan Barrett, Paul Albitz, Bryan
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Beecher, Andrew
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Partan, Andy Cherenson, Tom Limoncelli, Berthold Paffrath, Fuat
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Baran, Anant Kumar, Art Harkin, Win Treese, Don Lewis, Christophe
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Wolfhugel, and others.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek In 1994, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 4.9.2 was sponsored by
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Vixie Enterprises. Paul
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Vixie became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s principal
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek architect/programmer.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions from 4.9.3 onward
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek have been developed and maintained
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek by the Internet Systems Consortium and its predecessor,
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek the Internet Software Consortium, with support being provided
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek by ISC's sponsors.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek As co-architects/programmers, Bob Halley and
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Paul Vixie released the first production-ready version of
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 8 in May 1997.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek BIND version 9 was released in September 2000 and is a
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the underlying
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek BIND architecture.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek BIND versions 4 and 8 are officially deprecated.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek No additional development is done
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek on BIND version 4 or BIND version 8.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development work is made
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek possible today by the sponsorship
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek of several corporations, and by the tireless work efforts of
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek numerous individuals.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek</div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek</div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="sect1" lang="en">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<a name="id2607758"></a>General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</h2></div></div></div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="sect2" lang="en">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<a name="ipv6addresses"></a>IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</h3></div></div></div>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek IPv6 addresses are 128-bit identifiers for interfaces and
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek sets of interfaces which were introduced in the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to facilitate
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek scalable Internet routing. There are three types of addresses: <span class="emphasis"><em>Unicast</em></span>,
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek an identifier for a single interface;
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span class="emphasis"><em>Anycast</em></span>,
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek an identifier for a set of interfaces; and <span class="emphasis"><em>Multicast</em></span>,
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek an identifier for a set of interfaces. Here we describe the global
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek Unicast address scheme. For more information, see RFC 3587,
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek "Global Unicast Address Format."
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek<p>
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek IPv6 unicast addresses consist of a
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span class="emphasis"><em>global routing prefix</em></span>, a
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span class="emphasis"><em>subnet identifier</em></span>, and an
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek <span class="emphasis"><em>interface identifier</em></span>.
44703b84feaafa4f0a4f8df11c5a503dcf48616eJakub Hrozek </p>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<p>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek The global routing prefix is provided by the
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek upstream provider or ISP, and (roughly) corresponds to the
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek IPv4 <span class="emphasis"><em>network</em></span> section
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek of the address range.
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek The subnet identifier is for local subnetting, much the
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek same as subnetting an
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek IPv4 /16 network into /24 subnets.
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek The interface identifier is the address of an individual
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek interface on a given network; in IPv6, addresses belong to
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek interfaces rather than to machines.
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek </p>
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek<p>
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek The subnetting capability of IPv6 is much more flexible than
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek that of IPv4: subnetting can be carried out on bit boundaries,
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek in much the same way as Classless InterDomain Routing
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek (CIDR), and the DNS PTR representation ("nibble" format)
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek makes setting up reverse zones easier.
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek </p>
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek<p>
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek The Interface Identifier must be unique on the local link,
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek and is usually generated automatically by the IPv6
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek implementation, although it is usually possible to
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek override the default setting if necessary. A typical IPv6
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek address might look like:
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek <span><strong class="command">2001:db8:201:9:a00:20ff:fe81:2b32</strong></span>
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek </p>
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek<p>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek IPv6 address specifications often contain long strings
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek of zeros, so the architects have included a shorthand for
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek specifying
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek them. The double colon (`::') indicates the longest possible
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek string
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek of zeros that can fit, and can be used only once in an address.
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek </p>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek</div>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek</div>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<div class="sect1" lang="en">
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<a name="bibliography"></a>Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</h2></div></div></div>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<div class="sect2" lang="en">
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<a name="rfcs"></a>Request for Comments (RFCs)</h3></div></div></div>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek<p>
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek Specification documents for the Internet protocol suite, including
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>, are published as part of
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek the Request for Comments (RFCs)
4e5e846de22407f825fe3b4040d79606818a2419Jakub Hrozek series of technical notes. The standards themselves are defined
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet
e00c2b5ac4963de9521599c88597b7fb97339d0eJakub Hrozek Engineering Steering Group (IESG). RFCs can be obtained online via FTP at:
</p>
<p>
<a href="ftp://www.isi.edu/in-notes/" target="_top">
ftp://www.isi.edu/in-notes/RFC<em class="replaceable"><code>xxxx</code></em>.txt
</a>
</p>
<p>
(where <em class="replaceable"><code>xxxx</code></em> is
the number of the RFC). RFCs are also available via the Web at:
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/" target="_top">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/</a>.
</p>
<div class="bibliography">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id2608014"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">Standards</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608025"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC974</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Partridge</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Mail Routing and the Domain System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1986. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608049"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1034</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names &#8212; Concepts and Facilities</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608072"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1035</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names &#8212; Implementation and
Specification</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">
<a name="proposed_standards"></a>Proposed Standards</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608108"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2181</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R., R. Bush</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Clarifications to the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
Specification</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">July 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608135"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2308</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Andrews</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Negative Caching of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
Queries</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608161"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1995</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Ohta</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Incremental Zone Transfer in <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608185"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1996</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608209"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2136</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Rekhter</span>, and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Bound</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608264"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2671</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608291"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2672</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Non-Terminal DNS Name Redirection</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608317"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Transaction Authentication for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> (TSIG)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608379"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2930</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608409"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2931</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Request and Transaction Signatures (SIG(0)s)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608439"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3007</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608466"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3645</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Kwan</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Garg</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Gilroy</span>, <span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Westhead</span>, and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Hall</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Generic Security Service Algorithm for Secret
Key Transaction Authentication for DNS
(GSS-TSIG)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 2003. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">
<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Security Proposed Standards</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608548"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3225</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Conrad</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Indicating Resolver Support of DNSSEC</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2001. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608574"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3833</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Atkins</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Threat Analysis of the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608611"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4033</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Introduction and Requirements</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608676"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4034</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608741"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4035</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Protocol Modifications for the DNS
Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">Other Important RFCs About <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
Implementation</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608814"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1535</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Gavron</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Security Problem and Proposed Correction With Widely
Deployed <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Software</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608840"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1536</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Kumar</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Neuman</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Danzig</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Miller</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Implementation
Errors and Suggested Fixes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608908"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1982</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Bush</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Serial Number Arithmetic</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608944"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4074</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Morishita</span> and <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Jinmei</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common Misbehaviour Against <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
Queries for IPv6 Addresses</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2005. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">Resource Record Types</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2608989"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1183</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.F.</span> <span class="surname">Everhart</span>, <span class="firstname">L. A.</span> <span class="surname">Mamakos</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Ullmann</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>New <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR Definitions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1990. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609047"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1706</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Colella</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> NSAP Resource Records</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1994. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609084"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2168</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using
the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">June 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609120"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1876</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Davis</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span>, and <span class="firstname">I.</span> <span class="surname">Dickinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Means for Expressing Location Information in the
Domain
Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1996. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609174"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2052</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR for Specifying the
Location of
Services</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609212"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2163</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Allocchio</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Internet <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to
Distribute MIXER
Conformant Global Address Mapping</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1998. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609238"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2230</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Atkinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Key Exchange Delegation Record for the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609264"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2536</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DSA KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609358"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/MD5 KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609385"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2538</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storing Certificates in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609425"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2539</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storage of Diffie-Hellman Keys in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609454"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2540</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Detached Domain Name System (DNS) Information</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609484"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2782</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609527"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2915</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609560"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3110</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/SHA-1 SIGs and RSA KEYs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2001. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609587"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Koch</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR Type for Lists of Address Prefixes (APL RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">June 2001. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609610"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3596</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>, <span class="firstname">V.</span> <span class="surname">Ksinant</span>, and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Souissi</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Extensions to support IP
version 6</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 2003. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609668"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3597</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gustafsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record (RR) Types</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2003. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">
<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and the Internet</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609700"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1101</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Network Names
and Other Types</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1989. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609725"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="surname">Braden</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and
Support</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1989. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609748"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1591</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Structure and Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1994. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609771"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2317</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">H.</span> <span class="surname">Eidnes</span>, <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">de Groot</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609817"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2826</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">Internet Architecture Board</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>IAB Technical Comment on the Unique DNS Root</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609841"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2929</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Brunner-Williams</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">
<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operations</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609898"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1033</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Lottor</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain administrators operations guide</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609922"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Beertema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Data File
Configuration Errors</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609948"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1912</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Barr</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operational and
Configuration Errors</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 1996. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2609975"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2010</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Operational Criteria for Root Name Servers</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610011"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2219</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Hamilton</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Wright</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Use of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Aliases for
Network Services</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">Internationalized Domain Names</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610057"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2825</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">IAB</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daigle</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Tangled Web: Issues of I18N, Domain Names,
and the Other Internet protocols</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610089"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3490</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Faltstrom</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span>, and <span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610135"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3491</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Blanchet</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Nameprep: A Stringprep Profile for Internationalized Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610170"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3492</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Punycode: A Bootstring encoding of Unicode
for Internationalized Domain Names in
Applications (IDNA)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">Other <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>-related RFCs</h3>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
<p>
Note: the following list of RFCs, although
<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>-related, are not
concerned with implementing software.
</p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610215"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1464</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Rosenbaum</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Domain Name System To Store Arbitrary String
Attributes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1993. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610237"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1713</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Romao</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Tools for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Debugging</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610263"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1794</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Brisco</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Support for Load
Balancing</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1995. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610289"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2240</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610312"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2345</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Wolf</span>, and <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">Oglesby</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names and Company Name Retrieval</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610358"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2352</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Convention For Using Legal Names as Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610381"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3071</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Reflections on the DNS, RFC 1591, and Categories of Domains</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2001. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610408"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3258</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Hardie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Distributing Authoritative Name Servers via
Shared Unicast Addresses</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 2002. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610434"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3901</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Durand</span> and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Ihren</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS IPv6 Transport Operational Guidelines</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2004. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">Obsolete and Unimplemented Experimental RFC</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610477"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1712</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Farrell</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Schulze</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Pleitner</span>, and <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Baldoni</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Geographical
Location</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610535"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2673</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Binary Labels in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610562"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2874</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation
and Renumbering</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">July 2000. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">Obsoleted DNS Security RFCs</h3>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
<p>
Most of these have been consolidated into RFC4033,
RFC4034 and RFC4035 which collectively describe DNSSECbis.
</p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610610"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2065</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Kaufman</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610649"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2137</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610676"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2535</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610706"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3008</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC)
Signing Authority</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610731"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3090</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Extension Clarification on Zone Status</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2001. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610758"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3445</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span> and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Limiting the Scope of the KEY Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2002. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610794"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3655</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Redefinition of DNS Authenticated Data (AD) bit</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2003. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610830"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3658</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2003. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610857"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3755</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Weiler</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Legacy Resolver Compatibility for Delegation Signer (DS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2004. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610884"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3757</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Kolkman</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>, and <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System KEY (DNSKEY) Resource Record
(RR) Secure Entry Point (SEP) Flag</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 2004. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610929"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security (DNSSEC) NextSECure (NSEC) RDATA Format</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="internet_drafts"></a>Internet Drafts</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Internet Drafts (IDs) are rough-draft working documents of
the Internet Engineering Task Force. They are, in essence, RFCs
in the preliminary stages of development. Implementors are
cautioned not
to regard IDs as archival, and they should not be quoted or cited
in any formal documents unless accompanied by the disclaimer that
they are "works in progress." IDs have a lifespan of six months
after which they are deleted unless updated by their authors.
</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id2610970"></a>Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p></p>
<div class="bibliography">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id2610980"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
<div class="biblioentry">
<a name="id2610982"></a><p><span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Paul</span> <span class="surname">Albitz</span> and <span class="firstname">Cricket</span> <span class="surname">Liu</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></i>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright � 1998 Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly and Associates. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="bind9.library"></a>BIND 9 DNS Library Support</h2></div></div></div>
<p>This version of BIND 9 "exports" its internal libraries so
that they can be used by third-party applications more easily (we
call them "export" libraries in this document). In addition to
all major DNS-related APIs BIND 9 is currently using, the export
libraries provide the following features:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li><p>The newly created "DNS client" module. This is a higher
level API that provides an interface to name resolution,
single DNS transaction with a particular server, and dynamic
update. Regarding name resolution, it supports advanced
features such as DNSSEC validation and caching. This module
supports both synchronous and asynchronous mode.</p></li>
<li><p>The new "IRS" (Information Retrieval System) library.
It provides an interface to parse the traditional resolv.conf
file and more advanced, DNS-specific configuration file for
the rest of this package (see the description for the
dns.conf file below).</p></li>
<li><p>As part of the IRS library, newly implemented standard
address-name mapping functions, getaddrinfo() and
getnameinfo(), are provided. They use the DNSSEC-aware
validating resolver backend, and could use other advanced
features of the BIND 9 libraries such as caching. The
getaddrinfo() function resolves both A and AAAA RRs
concurrently (when the address family is unspecified).</p></li>
<li><p>An experimental framework to support other event
libraries than BIND 9's internal event task system.</p></li>
</ul></div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id2614715"></a>Prerequisite</h3></div></div></div>
<p>GNU make is required to build the export libraries (other
part of BIND 9 can still be built with other types of make). In
the reminder of this document, "make" means GNU make. Note that
in some platforms you may need to invoke a different command name
than "make" (e.g. "gmake") to indicate it's GNU make.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id2614725"></a>Compilation</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags]</code></em></code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
</pre>
<p>
This will create (in addition to usual BIND 9 programs) and a
separate set of libraries under the lib/export directory. For
example, <code class="filename">lib/export/dns/libdns.a</code> is the archive file of the
export version of the BIND 9 DNS library. Sample application
programs using the libraries will also be built under the
lib/export/samples directory (see below).</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id2613452"></a>Installation</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>cd lib/export</code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make install</code></strong>
</pre>
<p>
This will install library object files under the directory
specified by the --with-export-libdir configure option (default:
EPREFIX/lib/bind9), and header files under the directory
specified by the --with-export-includedir configure option
(default: PREFIX/include/bind9).
Root privilege is normally required.
"<span><strong class="command">make install</strong></span>" at the top directory will do the
same.
</p>
<p>
To see how to build your own
application after the installation, see
<code class="filename">lib/export/samples/Makefile-postinstall.in</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id2613483"></a>Known Defects/Restrictions</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li><p>Currently, win32 is not supported for the export
library. (Normal BIND 9 application can be built as
before).</p></li>
<li>
<p>The "fixed" RRset order is not (currently) supported in
the export library. If you want to use "fixed" RRset order
for, e.g. <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> while still building the
export library even without the fixed order support, build
them separately:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-fixed-rrset <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags, but not --enable-exportlib]</code></em></code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>/configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags, but not --enable-fixed-rrset]</code></em></code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>cd lib/export</code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
</pre>
<p>
</p>
</li>
<li><p>The client module and the IRS library currently do not
support DNSSEC validation using DLV (the underlying modules
can handle it, but there is no tunable interface to enable
the feature).</p></li>
<li><p>RFC 5011 is not supported in the validating stub
resolver of the export library. In fact, it is not clear
whether it should: trust anchors would be a system-wide
configuration which would be managed by an administrator,
while the stub resolver will be used by ordinary applications
run by a normal user.</p></li>
<li><p>Not all common <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
options are supported
in the IRS library. The only available options in this
version are "debug" and "ndots".</p></li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id2613560"></a>The dns.conf File</h3></div></div></div>
<p>The IRS library supports an "advanced" configuration file
related to the DNS library for configuration parameters that
would be beyond the capability of the
<code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> file.
Specifically, it is intended to provide DNSSEC related
configuration parameters. By default the path to this
configuration file is <code class="filename">/etc/dns.conf</code>.
This module is very
experimental and the configuration syntax or library interfaces
may change in future versions. Currently, only the
<span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>
statement is supported, whose syntax is the same as the same name
of statement for <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. (See
<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys" title="trusted-keys Statement Grammar">the section called &#8220;<span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar&#8221;</a> for details.)</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id2613587"></a>Sample Applications</h3></div></div></div>
<p>Some sample application programs using this API are
provided for reference. The following is a brief description of
these applications.
</p>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id2613595"></a>sample: a simple stub resolver utility</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
It sends a query of a given name (of a given optional RR type) to a
specified recursive server, and prints the result as a list of
RRs. It can also act as a validating stub resolver if a trust
anchor is given via a set of command line options.</p>
<p>
Usage: sample [options] server_address hostname
</p>
<p>
Options and Arguments:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">
-t RRtype
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
specify the RR type of the query. The default is the A RR.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
[-a algorithm] [-e] -k keyname -K keystring
</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
specify a command-line DNS key to validate the answer. For
example, to specify the following DNSKEY of example.com:
</p>
<div class="literallayout"><p><br>
����������������example.com.�3600�IN�DNSKEY�257�3�5�xxx<br>
</p></div>
<p>
specify the options as follows:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
<strong class="userinput"><code>
-e -k example.com -K "xxx"
</code></strong>
</pre>
<p>
-e means that this key is a zone's "key signing key" (as known
as "secure Entry point").
When -a is omitted rsasha1 will be used by default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">
-s domain:alt_server_address
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
specify a separate recursive server address for the specific
"domain". Example: -s example.com:2001:db8::1234
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">server_address</span></dt>
<dd><p>
an IP(v4/v6) address of the recursive server to which queries
are sent.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">hostname</span></dt>
<dd><p>
the domain name for the query
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id2613754"></a>sample-async: a simple stub resolver, working asynchronously</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Similar to "sample", but accepts a list
of (query) domain names as a separate file and resolves the names
asynchronously.</p>
<p>
Usage: sample-async [-s server_address] [-t RR_type] input_file</p>
<p>
Options and Arguments:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">
-s server_address
</span></dt>
<dd>
an IPv4 address of the recursive server to which queries are sent.
(IPv6 addresses are not supported in this implementation)
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">
-t RR_type
</span></dt>
<dd>
specify the RR type of the queries. The default is the A
RR.
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">
input_file
</span></dt>
<dd>
a list of domain names to be resolved. each line
consists of a single domain name. Example:
<div class="literallayout"><p><br>
��www.example.com<br>
��mx.example.net<br>
��ns.xxx.example<br>
</p></div>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id2613808"></a>sample-request: a simple DNS transaction client</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
It sends a query to a specified server, and
prints the response with minimal processing. It doesn't act as a
"stub resolver": it stops the processing once it gets any
response from the server, whether it's a referral or an alias
(CNAME or DNAME) that would require further queries to get the
ultimate answer. In other words, this utility acts as a very
simplified <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
</p>
<p>
Usage: sample-request [-t RRtype] server_address hostname
</p>
<p>
Options and Arguments:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">
-t RRtype
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
specify the RR type of
the queries. The default is the A RR.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
server_address
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
an IP(v4/v6)
address of the recursive server to which the query is sent.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
hostname
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
the domain name for the query
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id2613872"></a>sample-gai: getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() test code</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
This is a test program
to check getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() behavior. It takes a
host name as an argument, calls getaddrinfo() with the given host
name, and calls getnameinfo() with the resulting IP addresses
returned by getaddrinfo(). If the dns.conf file exists and
defines a trust anchor, the underlying resolver will act as a
validating resolver, and getaddrinfo()/getnameinfo() will fail
with an EAI_INSECUREDATA error when DNSSEC validation fails.
</p>
<p>
Usage: sample-gai hostname
</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id2613886"></a>sample-update: a simple dynamic update client program</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
It accepts a single update command as a
command-line argument, sends an update request message to the
authoritative server, and shows the response from the server. In
other words, this is a simplified <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>.
</p>
<p>
Usage: sample-update [options] (add|delete) "update data"
</p>
<p>
Options and Arguments:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">
-a auth_server
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
An IP address of the authoritative server that has authority
for the zone containing the update name. This should normally
be the primary authoritative server that accepts dynamic
updates. It can also be a secondary server that is configured
to forward update requests to the primary server.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
-k keyfile
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
A TSIG key file to secure the update transaction. The keyfile
format is the same as that for the nsupdate utility.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
-p prerequisite
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
A prerequisite for the update (only one prerequisite can be
specified). The prerequisite format is the same as that is
accepted by the nsupdate utility.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
-r recursive_server
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
An IP address of a recursive server that this utility will
use. A recursive server may be necessary to identify the
authoritative server address to which the update request is
sent.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
-z zonename
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
The domain name of the zone that contains
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
(add|delete)
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the type of update operation. Either "add" or "delete"
must be specified.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
"update data"
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the data to be updated. A typical example of the data
would look like "name TTL RRtype RDATA".
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Note</h3>In practice, either -a or -r must be specified. Others can
be optional; the underlying library routine tries to identify the
appropriate server and the zone name for the update.</div>
<p>
Examples: assuming the primary authoritative server of the
dynamic.example.com zone has an IPv6 address 2001:db8::1234,
</p>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key add "foo.dynamic.example.com 30 IN A 192.168.2.1"</code></strong></pre>
<p>
adds an A RR for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
</p>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key delete "foo.dynamic.example.com 30 IN A"</code></strong></pre>
<p>
removes all A RRs for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
</p>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key delete "foo.dynamic.example.com"</code></strong></pre>
<p>
removes all RRs for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id2614359"></a>nsprobe: domain/name server checker in terms of RFC 4074</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
It checks a set
of domains to see the name servers of the domains behave
correctly in terms of RFC 4074. This is included in the set of
sample programs to show how the export library can be used in a
DNS-related application.
</p>
<p>
Usage: nsprobe [-d] [-v [-v...]] [-c cache_address] [input_file]
</p>
<p>
Options
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">
-d
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
run in the "debug" mode. with this option nsprobe will dump
every RRs it receives.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
-v
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
increase verbosity of other normal log messages. This can be
specified multiple times
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
-c cache_address
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
specify an IP address of a recursive (caching) name server.
nsprobe uses this server to get the NS RRset of each domain and
the A and/or AAAA RRsets for the name servers. The default
value is 127.0.0.1.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
input_file
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
a file name containing a list of domain (zone) names to be
probed. when omitted the standard input will be used. Each
line of the input file specifies a single domain name such as
"example.com". In general this domain name must be the apex
name of some DNS zone (unlike normal "host names" such as
"www.example.com"). nsprobe first identifies the NS RRsets for
the given domain name, and sends A and AAAA queries to these
servers for some "widely used" names under the zone;
specifically, adding "www" and "ftp" to the zone name.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id2614423"></a>Library References</h3></div></div></div>
<p>As of this writing, there is no formal "manual" of the
libraries, except this document, header files (some of them
provide pretty detailed explanations), and sample application
programs.</p>
</div>
</div>
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