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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<title>Chapter�6.�BIND 9 Configuration Reference</title>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</th></tr>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Bv9ARM.ch06"></a>Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</h1></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#comment_syntax">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#include_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#include_statement"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#key_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#key_statement"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#logging_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#logging_statement"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#lwres_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#lwres_statement"><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#masters_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#masters_statement"><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_channels"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted_keys"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed_keys"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed-keys"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_file">Zone File</a></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#mx_records">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#ipv4_reverse">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_directives">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#generate_directive"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile">The Statistics File</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_counters">Statistics Counters</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration is broadly similar
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8; however, there are a few new
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of configuration, such as views. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater 8 configuration files should work with few alterations in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater 9, although more complex configurations should be reviewed to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if they can be more efficiently implemented using the new features
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein found in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4 configuration files can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein converted to the new format
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews using the shell script
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <code class="filename">contrib/named-bootconf/named-bootconf.sh</code>.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="configuration_file_elements"></a>Configuration File Elements</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Following is a list of elements used throughout the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file documentation:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name of an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defined by the <span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>, <code class="varname">key_id</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="varname">acl_name</code> elements, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A named list of one or more <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with optional <code class="varname">key_id</code> and/or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A <code class="varname">masters_list</code> may include other
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A quoted string which will be used as
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews a DNS name, for example "<code class="literal">my.test.domain</code>".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more <code class="varname">domain_name</code>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <code class="varname">dotted_decimal</code>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater One to four integers valued 0 through
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater 255 separated by dots (`.'), such as <span class="command"><strong>123</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>45.67</strong></span> or <span class="command"><strong>89.123.45.67</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv4 address with exactly four elements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <code class="varname">dotted_decimal</code> notation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv6 address, such as <span class="command"><strong>2001:db8::1234</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 scoped addresses that have ambiguity on their
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein scope zones must be disambiguated by an appropriate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone ID with the percent character (`%') as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delimiter. It is strongly recommended to use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein string zone names rather than numeric identifiers,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in order to be robust against system configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changes. However, since there is no standard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein mapping for such names and identifier values,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein currently only interface names as link identifiers
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews are supported, assuming one-to-one mapping between
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews interfaces and links. For example, a link-local
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews address <span class="command"><strong>fe80::1</strong></span> on the link
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews attached to the interface <span class="command"><strong>ne0</strong></span>
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews can be specified as <span class="command"><strong>fe80::1%ne0</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews Note that on most systems link-local addresses
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews always have the ambiguity, and need to be
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews disambiguated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <code class="varname">ip4_addr</code> or <code class="varname">ip6_addr</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">number</code> between 0 and 63, used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to select a differentiated services code point (DSCP)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value for use with outgoing traffic on operating systems
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that support DSCP.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="varname">number</code> is limited to 0
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through 65535, with values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below 1024 typically restricted to use by processes running
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In some cases, an asterisk (`*') character can be used as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein placeholder to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein select a random high-numbered port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IP network specified as an <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by a slash (`/') and then the number of bits in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Trailing zeros in a <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews may omitted.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews For example, <span class="command"><strong>127/8</strong></span> is the
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews network <span class="command"><strong>127.0.0.0</strong></span> with
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews netmask <span class="command"><strong>255.0.0.0</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>1.2.3.0/28</strong></span> is
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews network <span class="command"><strong>1.2.3.0</strong></span> with netmask <span class="command"><strong>255.255.255.240</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When specifying a prefix involving a IPv6 scoped address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the scope may be omitted. In that case the prefix will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match packets from any scope.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">domain_name</code> representing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name of a shared key, to be used for transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separated by semicolons and ending with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A non-negative 32-bit integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (i.e., a number between 0 and 4294967295, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Its acceptable value might further
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be limited by the context in which it is used.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A quoted string which will be used as
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater a pathname, such as <code class="filename">zones/master/my.test.domain</code>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A list of an <code class="varname">ip_port</code> or a port
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A port range is specified in the form of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range</code></strong> followed by
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater two <code class="varname">ip_port</code>s,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, which represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater port numbers from <code class="varname">port_low</code> through
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, inclusive.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_low</code> must not be larger than
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range 1024 65535</code></strong> represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater ports from 1024 through 65535.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In either case an asterisk (`*') character is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed as a valid <code class="varname">ip_port</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A 64-bit unsigned integer, or the keywords
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>default</code></strong>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Integers may take values
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews 0 <= value <= 18446744073709551615, though
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews certain parameters
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (such as <span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span>) may
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews use a more limited range within these extremes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In most cases, setting a value to 0 does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein literally mean zero; it means "undefined" or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "as big as possible", depending on the context.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the explanations of particular parameters
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for details on how they interpret its use.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Numeric values can optionally be followed by a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein scaling factor:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>K</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>k</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for kilobytes,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>M</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>m</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for megabytes, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>G</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>g</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for gigabytes, which scale by 1024, 1024*1024, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1024*1024*1024 respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">unlimited</code> generally means
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "as big as possible", and is usually the best
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein way to safely set a very large number.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein uses the limit that was in force when the server was started.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">size_spec</code> or integer value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by '%' to represent percents.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The behavior is exactly the same as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">size_or_percent</code> allows also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to specify a positive integer value followed by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein '%' sign to represent percents.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Either <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The words <strong class="userinput"><code>true</code></strong> and <strong class="userinput"><code>false</code></strong> are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also accepted, as are the numbers <strong class="userinput"><code>1</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <strong class="userinput"><code>0</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One of <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in a zone, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>, and <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are restricted to slave and stub zones.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="address_match_lists"></a>Address Match Lists</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id-1.7.4.4.2"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><code class="varname">address_match_list</code> = address_match_list_element ;
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> address_match_list_element; ... </span>]
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<code class="varname">address_match_list_element</code> = [<span class="optional"> ! </span>] (ip_address [<span class="optional">/length</span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key key_id | acl_name | { address_match_list } )
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<a name="id-1.7.4.4.3"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews control for various server operations. They are also used in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span>
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater statements. The elements which constitute an address match
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater list can be any of the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<li class="listitem">an IP address (IPv4 or IPv6)</li>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<li class="listitem">an IP prefix (in `/' notation)</li>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews a key ID, as defined by the <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<li class="listitem">the name of an address match list defined with
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews the <span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> statement
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<li class="listitem">a nested address match list enclosed in braces</li>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews Elements can be negated with a leading exclamation mark (`!'),
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews and the match list names "any", "none", "localhost", and
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater "localnets" are predefined. More information on those names
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews can be found in the description of the acl statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The addition of the key clause made the name of this syntactic
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater element something of a misnomer, since security keys can be used
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews to validate access without regard to a host or network address.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Nonetheless, the term "address match list" is still used
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews throughout the documentation.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews When a given IP address or prefix is compared to an address
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews match list, the comparison takes place in approximately O(1)
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews time. However, key comparisons require that the list of keys
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be traversed until a matching key is found, and therefore may
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be somewhat slower.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used for access control, defining <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> ports, or in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span>, and whether the element was negated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used as an access control list, a non-negated match
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater allows access and a negated match denies access. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein there is no match, access is denied. The clauses
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion</strong></span>,
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span>,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>blackhole</strong></span>, and
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>keep-response-order</strong></span> all use address match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists. Similarly, the <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> option will cause the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to refuse queries on any of the machine's
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews addresses which do not match the list.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Order of insertion is significant. If more than one element
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater in an ACL is found to match a given IP address or prefix,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein preference will be given to the one that came
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> in the ACL definition.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Because of this first-match behavior, an element that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a subset of another element in the list should
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein come before the broader element, regardless of whether
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater either is negated. For example, in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>1.2.3/24; ! 1.2.3.13;</strong></span>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews the 1.2.3.13 element is completely useless because the
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews algorithm will match any lookup for 1.2.3.13 to the 1.2.3/24
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element. Using <span class="command"><strong>! 1.2.3.13; 1.2.3/24</strong></span> fixes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that problem by having 1.2.3.13 blocked by the negation, but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all other 1.2.3.* hosts fall through.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="comment_syntax"></a>Comment Syntax</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 comment syntax allows for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comments to appear
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein anywhere that whitespace may appear in a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. To appeal to programmers of all kinds, they can be written
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id-1.7.4.5.3"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">/* This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C */</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">// This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C++</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"># This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in common UNIX shells
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein# and perl</pre>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<a name="id-1.7.4.5.4"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Comments may appear anywhere that whitespace may appear in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments start with the two characters /* (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein star) and end with */ (star, slash). Because they are completely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delimited with these characters, they can be used to comment only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a portion of a line or to span multiple lines.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments cannot be nested. For example, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not valid because the entire comment ends with the first */:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">/* This is the start of a comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is still part of the comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein/* This is an incorrect attempt at nesting a comment. */
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is no longer in any comment. */
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C++-style comments start with the two characters // (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">// This is the start of a comment. The next line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein// is a new comment, even though it is logically
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews// part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Shell-style (or perl-style, if you prefer) comments start
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the character <code class="literal">#</code> (number sign)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and continue to the end of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein physical line, as in C++ comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"># This is the start of a comment. The next line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein# is a new comment, even though it is logically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein# part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You cannot use the semicolon (`;') character
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to start a comment such as you would in a zone file. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein semicolon indicates the end of a configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Configuration_File_Grammar"></a>Configuration File Grammar</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration consists of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements and comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statements end with a semicolon. Statements and comments are the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only elements that can appear without enclosing braces. Many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements contain a block of sub-statements, which are also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein terminated with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following statements are supported:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching list, for access control and other uses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares control channels to be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> utility.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein includes a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies key information for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authentication and authorization using TSIG.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies what the server logs, and where
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews the log messages are sent.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span></p>
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews configures <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also act as a light-weight resolver daemon (<span class="command"><strong>lwresd</strong></span>).
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named masters list for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inclusion in stub and slave zones'
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span></p>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater controls global server configuration
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater options and sets defaults for other statements.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sets certain configuration options on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a per-server basis.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares communication channels to get access to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> statistics.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines trusted DNSSEC keys.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists DNSSEC keys to be kept up to date
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using RFC 5011 trust anchor maintenance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statements may only occur once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="acl_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> acl-name {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address_match_list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="acl"></a><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> statement assigns a symbolic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name to an address match list. It gets its name from a primary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use of address match lists: Access Control Lists (ACLs).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following ACLs are built-in:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>any</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches all hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>none</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches no hosts.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span class="command"><strong>localhost</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Matches the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of all network
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce interfaces on the system. When addresses are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein added or removed, the <span class="command"><strong>localhost</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ACL element is updated to reflect the changes.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span class="command"><strong>localnets</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Matches any host on an IPv4 or IPv6 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the system has an interface.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When addresses are added or removed,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the <span class="command"><strong>localnets</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews ACL element is updated to reflect the changes.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Some systems do not provide a way to determine the prefix
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews local IPv6 addresses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews In such a case, <span class="command"><strong>localnets</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews only matches the local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 addresses, just like <span class="command"><strong>localhost</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="controls_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> }
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> } ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ read-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ] ; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ unix <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> perm <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> owner <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> group <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> } ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ read-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ] ; ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ unix ...; ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="controls_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement declares control
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels to be used by system administrators to control the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation of the name server. These control channels are
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews used by the <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> utility to send
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews commands to and retrieve non-DNS results from a name server.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews An <span class="command"><strong>inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein listening at the specified <span class="command"><strong>ip_port</strong></span> on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address. An <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use an <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If you will only use <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> on the local host,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews using the loopback address (<code class="literal">127.0.0.1</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="literal">::1</code>) is recommended for maximum security.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no port is specified, port 953 is used. The asterisk
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for <span class="command"><strong>ip_port</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The ability to issue commands over the control channel is
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews restricted by the <span class="command"><strong>allow</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> clauses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Connections to the control channel are permitted based on the
33682c92e96b39c395cdb2c3feb8eb5914e7d5a8Andreas Gustafsson <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span>. This is for simple
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews IP address based filtering only; any <span class="command"><strong>key_id</strong></span>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews elements of the <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <span class="command"><strong>unix</strong></span> control channel is a UNIX domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein socket listening at the specified path in the file system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Access to the socket is specified by the <span class="command"><strong>perm</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>owner</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>group</strong></span> clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note on some platforms (SunOS and Solaris) the permissions
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews (<span class="command"><strong>perm</strong></span>) are applied to the parent directory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as the permissions on the socket itself are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary authorization mechanism of the command
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel is the <span class="command"><strong>key_list</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contains a list of <span class="command"><strong>key_id</strong></span>s.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each <span class="command"><strong>key_id</strong></span> in the <span class="command"><strong>key_list</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is authorized to execute commands over the control channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#rndc">Remote Name Daemon Control application</a> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#admin_tools" title="Administrative Tools">the section called “Administrative Tools”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for information about configuring keys in <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span>.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews If the <span class="command"><strong>read-only</strong></span> clause is enabled, the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews control channel is limited to the following set of read-only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein commands: <span class="command"><strong>nta -dump</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>status</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>showzone</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>testgen</strong></span>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>zonestatus</strong></span>. By default,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>read-only</strong></span> is not enabled and the control
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews channel allows read-write access.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement is present,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will set up a default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control channel listening on the loopback address 127.0.0.1
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater and its IPv6 counterpart ::1.
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews In this case, and also when the <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is present but does not have a <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> clause,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will attempt to load the command channel key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the file <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> in
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">/etc</code> (or whatever <code class="varname">sysconfdir</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was specified as when <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> was built).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To create a <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file, run
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature was created to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ease the transition of systems from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which did not have digital signatures on its command channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages and thus did not have a <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> clause.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It makes it possible to use an existing <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration file in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 unchanged,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and still have <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> work the same way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>ndc</strong></span> worked in BIND 8, simply by executing the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater command <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong> after BIND 9 is
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Since the <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only intended to allow the backward-compatible usage of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 configuration files, this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein feature does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have a high degree of configurability. You cannot easily change
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the key name or the size of the secret, so you should make a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> with your own key if you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein wish to change
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein those things. The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also has its
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permissions set such that only the owner of the file (the user that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is running as) can access it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein desire greater flexibility in allowing other users to access
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> commands, then you need to create
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> file and make it group
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein readable by a group
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that contains the users who should have access.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To disable the command channel, use an empty
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>controls { };</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="include_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>;</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="include_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> statement inserts the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified file at the point where the <span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span>
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews statement is encountered. The <span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span>
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews statement facilitates the administration of configuration
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews by permitting the reading or writing of some things but not
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews others. For example, the statement could include private keys
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews that are readable only by the name server.
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews<a name="key_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein algorithm <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secret <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em>;
cf3f55777b86527d5b00bb39d661c5fe6f9625f2Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="key_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> statement defines a shared
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secret key for use with TSIG (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the command channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> statement can occur at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the configuration file or inside a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. Keys defined in top-level <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce statements can be used in all views. Keys intended for use in
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce a <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be defined at the top level.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>, also known as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name, is a domain name uniquely identifying the key. It can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in a <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement to cause requests sent to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to be signed with this key, or in address match lists to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein verify that incoming requests have been signed with a key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this name, algorithm, and secret.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em> is a string
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that specifies a security/authentication algorithm. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server supports <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code> TSIG authentication.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Truncated hashes are supported by appending the minimum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of required bits preceded by a dash, e.g.
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson <code class="literal">hmac-sha1-80</code>. The
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em> is the secret
aeb8fffc841865c3336383eadfd9987332a03286Andreas Gustafsson to be used by the algorithm, and is treated as a base-64
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein encoded string.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="logging_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span class="command"><strong>channel</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <span class="command"><strong>file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> | <span class="command"><strong>unlimited</strong></span> ) ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span class="command"><strong>size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>syslog_facility</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span class="command"><strong>stderr</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span> );
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater [ <span class="command"><strong>severity</strong></span> (<code class="option">critical</code> | <code class="option">error</code> | <code class="option">warning</code> | <code class="option">notice</code> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">info</code> | <code class="option">debug</code> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em> ] | <code class="option">dynamic</code> ); ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span class="command"><strong>print-category</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span class="command"><strong>print-severity</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span class="command"><strong>print-time</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span class="command"><strong>buffered</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span class="command"><strong>category</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>category_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; [ <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; ... ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="logging_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> statement configures a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein variety of logging options for the name server. Its <span class="command"><strong>channel</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associates output methods, format options and severity levels with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a name that can then be used with the <span class="command"><strong>category</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to select how various classes of messages are logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only one <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> statement is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as many channels and categories as are wanted. If there is no <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the logging configuration will be:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category unmatched { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is started with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">-L</code> option, it logs to the specified file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at startup, instead of using syslog. In this case the logging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration will be:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category default { default_logfile; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category unmatched { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the logging configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only established when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the entire configuration file has been parsed. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, it was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein established as soon as the <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was parsed. When the server is starting up, all logging messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regarding syntax errors in the configuration file go to the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels, or to standard error if the <code class="option">-g</code> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="channel"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>channel</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All log output goes to one or more <span class="emphasis"><em>channels</em></span>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you can make as many of them as you want.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Every channel definition must include a destination clause that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein says whether messages selected for the channel go to a file, to a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein particular syslog facility, to the standard error stream, or are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discarded. It can optionally also limit the message severity level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that will be accepted by the channel (the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>info</strong></span>), and whether to include a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>-generated time stamp, the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce category name
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce and/or severity level (the default is not to include any).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein causes all messages sent to the channel to be discarded;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that case, other options for the channel are meaningless.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>file</strong></span> destination clause directs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to a disk file. It can include limitations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both on how large the file is allowed to become, and how many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file will be saved each time the file is opened.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you use the <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span> log file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will retain that many backup
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein versions of the file by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renaming them when opening. For example, if you choose to keep
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three old versions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file <code class="filename">lamers.log</code>, then just
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before it is opened
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code> is renamed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.2</code>, <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code> is renamed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code>, and <code class="filename">lamers.log</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renamed to <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You can say <span class="command"><strong>versions unlimited</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the number of versions.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span class="command"><strong>size</strong></span> option is associated with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log file,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then renaming is only done when the file being opened exceeds the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated size. No backup versions are kept by default; any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log file is simply appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>size</strong></span> option for files is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to limit log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein growth. If the file ever exceeds the size, then <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop writing to the file unless it has a <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with it. If backup versions are kept, the files are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein described above and a new one begun. If there is no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span> option, no more data will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be written to the log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein until some out-of-band mechanism removes or truncates the log to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein less than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum size. The default behavior is not to limit the size of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Example usage of the <span class="command"><strong>size</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span> options:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel an_example_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "example.log" versions 3 size 20m;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print-time yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print-category yes;
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews The <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the system log. Its argument is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog facility as described in the <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. Known facilities are <span class="command"><strong>kern</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>user</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>mail</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>daemon</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>auth</strong></span>,
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>lpr</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>news</strong></span>,
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span class="command"><strong>uucp</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>cron</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>authpriv</strong></span>,
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span class="command"><strong>ftp</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local0</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local1</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>local2</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local3</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local4</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>local5</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local6</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>local7</strong></span>, however not all facilities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all operating systems.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> will handle messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this facility is described in the <span class="command"><strong>syslog.conf</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. If you have a system which uses a very old version of <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only uses two arguments to the <span class="command"><strong>openlog()</strong></span> function,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then this clause is silently ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein On Windows machines syslog messages are directed to the EventViewer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>severity</strong></span> clause works like <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span>'s
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "priorities", except that they can also be used if you are writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein straight to a file rather than using <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages which are not at least of the severity level given will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be selected for the channel; messages of higher severity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you are using <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span>, then the <span class="command"><strong>syslog.conf</strong></span> priorities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will also determine what eventually passes through. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defining a channel facility and severity as <span class="command"><strong>daemon</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>debug</strong></span> but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only logging <span class="command"><strong>daemon.warning</strong></span> via <span class="command"><strong>syslog.conf</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause messages of severity <span class="command"><strong>info</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>notice</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be dropped. If the situation were reversed, with <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages of only <span class="command"><strong>warning</strong></span> or higher,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then <span class="command"><strong>syslogd</strong></span> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print all messages it received from the channel.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>stderr</strong></span> destination clause
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater channel to the server's standard error stream. This is intended
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson use when the server is running as a foreground process, for
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater when debugging a configuration.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The server can supply extensive debugging information when
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater it is in debugging mode. If the server's global debug level is
7c0ebe385b36d64c2424dd5a3e62d441c08e7037Andreas Gustafsson than zero, then debugging mode will be active. The global debug
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson level is set either by starting the <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater with the <code class="option">-d</code> flag followed by a positive integer,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater or by running <span class="command"><strong>rndc trace</strong></span>.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The global debug level
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater can be set to zero, and debugging mode turned off, by running <span class="command"><strong>rndc
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Lucenotrace</strong></span>. All debugging messages in the server have a debug
7c0ebe385b36d64c2424dd5a3e62d441c08e7037Andreas Gustafsson level, and higher debug levels give more detailed output. Channels
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson that specify a specific debug severity, for example:
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">channel specific_debug_level {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity debug 3;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will get debugging output of level 3 or less any time the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server is in debugging mode, regardless of the global debugging
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews level. Channels with <span class="command"><strong>dynamic</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's global debug level to determine what messages to print.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span class="command"><strong>print-time</strong></span> has been turned on,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and time will be logged. <span class="command"><strong>print-time</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified for a <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> channel,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but is usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointless since <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> also logs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. If <span class="command"><strong>print-category</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requested, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category of the message will be logged as well. Finally, if <span class="command"><strong>print-severity</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on, then the severity level of the message will be logged. The <span class="command"><strong>print-</strong></span> options may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in any combination, and will always be printed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order: time, category, severity. Here is an example where all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three <span class="command"><strong>print-</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">28-Feb-2000 15:05:32.863 general: notice: running</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span class="command"><strong>buffered</strong></span> has been turned on the output
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to files will not be flushed after each log entry. By default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all log messages are flushed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are four predefined channels that are used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>'s default logging as follows.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is started with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fifth channel <span class="command"><strong>default_logfile</strong></span> is added.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used is described in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_category_phrase" title="The category Phrase">the section called “The <span class="command"><strong>category</strong></span> Phrase”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel default_syslog {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce // send to syslog's daemon facility
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce syslog daemon;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce // only send priority info and higher
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson severity info;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafssonchannel default_debug {
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson // write to named.run in the working directory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Note: stderr is used instead of "named.run" if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // the server is started with the '-g' option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // log at the server's current debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity dynamic;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel default_stderr {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // writes to stderr
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews // only send priority info and higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel null {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // toss anything sent to this channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel default_logfile {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // this channel is only present if named is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // started with the -L option, whose argument
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // provides the file name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // log at the server's current debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity dynamic;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>default_debug</strong></span> channel has the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein property that it only produces output when the server's debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein nonzero. It normally writes to a file called <code class="filename">named.run</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the server's working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For security reasons, when the <code class="option">-u</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option is used, the <code class="filename">named.run</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is created only after <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changed to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein new UID, and any debug output generated while <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein starting up and still running as root is discarded. If you need
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to capture this output, you must run the server with the <code class="option">-L</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option to specify a default logfile, or the <code class="option">-g</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option to log to standard error which you can redirect to a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once a channel is defined, it cannot be redefined. Thus you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot alter the built-in channels directly, but you can modify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default logging by pointing categories at channels you have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_category_phrase"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>category</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are many categories, so you can send the logs you want
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to see wherever you want, without seeing logs you don't want. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you don't specify a list of channels for a category, then log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that category will be sent to the <span class="command"><strong>default</strong></span> category
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instead. If you don't specify a default category, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "default default" is used:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you start <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">-L</code> option then the default category is:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_logfile; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As an example, let's say you want to log security events to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a file, but you also want keep the default logging behavior. You'd
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel my_security_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "my_security_file";
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeincategory security {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein my_security_channel;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default_syslog;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default_debug;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To discard all messages in a category, specify the <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span> channel:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category xfer-out { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeincategory notify { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following are the available categories and brief descriptions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the types of log information they contain. More
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein categories may be added in future <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> releases.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>client</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Processing of client requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>cname</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Logs nameservers that are skipped due to them being
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a CNAME rather than A / AAAA records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>config</strong></span></p>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Configuration file parsing and processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>database</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages relating to the databases used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internally by the name server to store zone and cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>default</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default category defines the logging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options for those categories where no specific
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>delegation-only</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Delegation only. Logs queries that have been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forced to NXDOMAIN as the result of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delegation-only zone or a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>delegation-only</strong></span> in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forward, hint or stub zone declaration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>dispatch</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dispatching of incoming packets to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server modules where they are to be processed.
919c99b7a47dadd4564eb2b48be2f59216d932fcAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>dnssec</strong></span></p>
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater DNSSEC and TSIG protocol processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The "dnstap" DNS traffic capture system.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>edns-disabled</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Log queries that have been forced to use plain
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater DNS due to timeouts. This is often due to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the remote servers not being RFC 1034 compliant
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater (not always returning FORMERR or similar to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater EDNS queries and other extensions to the DNS
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater when they are not understood). In other words, this is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein targeted at servers that fail to respond to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS queries that they don't understand.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: the log message can also be due to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein packet loss. Before reporting servers for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-RFC 1034 compliance they should be re-tested
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to determine the nature of the non-compliance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This testing should prevent or reduce the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of false-positive reports.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: eventually <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will have to stop
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treating such timeouts as due to RFC 1034 non
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compliance and start treating it as plain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein packet loss. Falsely classifying packet
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loss as due to RFC 1034 non compliance impacts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on DNSSEC validation which requires EDNS for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the DNSSEC records to be returned.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>general</strong></span></p>
cbf7f1435f332b31f51a98611ccbfcd07c42c032Automatic Updater The catch-all. Many things still aren't
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein classified into categories, and they all end up here.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>lame-servers</strong></span></p>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Lame servers. These are misconfigurations
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater in remote servers, discovered by BIND 9 when trying to
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater query those servers during resolution.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews <p><span class="command"><strong>network</strong></span></p>
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews Network operations.
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews <p><span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span></p>
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews The NOTIFY protocol.
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews <p><span class="command"><strong>queries</strong></span></p>
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews Specify where queries should be logged to.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews At startup, specifying the category <span class="command"><strong>queries</strong></span> will also
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews enable query logging unless <span class="command"><strong>querylog</strong></span> option has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The query log entry reports the client's IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address and port number, and the query name,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class and type. Next it reports whether the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Recursion Desired flag was set (+ if set, -
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater if not set), if the query was signed (S),
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater EDNS was in used along with the EDNS version
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater number (E(#)), if TCP was used (T), if DO
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater (DNSSEC Ok) was set (D), if CD (Checking
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Disabled) was set (C), if a valid DNS Server
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater COOKIE was received (V), or if a DNS COOKIE
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater option without a valid Server COOKIE was
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater present (K). After this the destination
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater address the query was sent to is reported.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#62536 (www.example.com): query: www.example.com IN AAAA +SE</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="computeroutput">client ::1#62537 (www.example.net): query: www.example.net IN AAAA -SE</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater (The first part of this log message, showing the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater client address/port number and query name, is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater repeated in all subsequent log messages related
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to the same query.)
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>query-errors</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Information about queries that resulted in some
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The start, periodic, and final notices of the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater rate limiting of a stream of responses are logged at
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>info</strong></span> severity in this category.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater These messages include a hash value of the domain name
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater of the response and the name itself,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater except when there is insufficient memory to record
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the name for the final notice
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The final notice is normally delayed until about one
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater minute after rate limit stops.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater A lack of memory can hurry the final notice,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater in which case it starts with an asterisk (*).
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Various internal events are logged at debug 1 level
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Rate limiting of individual requests
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater is logged in the <span class="command"><strong>query-errors</strong></span> category.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>resolver</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater DNS resolution, such as the recursive
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater lookups performed on behalf of clients by a caching name
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>rpz</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Information about errors in response policy zone files,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater rewritten responses, and at the highest
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>debug</strong></span> levels, mere rewriting
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>security</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Approval and denial of requests.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>spill</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Logs queries that have been terminated, either by dropping
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater or responding with SERVFAIL, as a result of a fetchlimit
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater quota being exceeded.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>unmatched</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Messages that <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> was unable to determine the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater class of or for which there was no matching <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater A one line summary is also logged to the <span class="command"><strong>client</strong></span> category.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater default it is sent to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span> channel.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>update</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>update-security</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Approval and denial of update requests.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>xfer-in</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Zone transfers the server is receiving.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>xfer-out</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Zone transfers the server is sending.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="query_errors"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>query-errors</strong></span> Category</h4></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>query-errors</strong></span> category is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater specifically intended for debugging purposes: To identify
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater why and how specific queries result in responses which
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater indicate an error.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Messages of this category are therefore only logged
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater with <span class="command"><strong>debug</strong></span> levels.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 1 or higher, each response with the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater rcode of SERVFAIL is logged as follows:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#61502: query failed (SERVFAIL) for www.example.com/IN/AAAA at query.c:3880</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This means an error resulting in SERVFAIL was
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater detected at line 3880 of source file
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Log messages of this level will particularly
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater help identify the cause of SERVFAIL for an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater authoritative server.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 2 or higher, detailed context
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater information of recursive resolutions that resulted in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL is logged.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The log message will look like as follows:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updaterfetch completed at resolver.c:2970 for www.example.com/A
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updaterin 30.000183: timed out/success [domain:example.com,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updaterreferral:2,restart:7,qrysent:8,timeout:5,lame:0,neterr:0,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updaterbadresp:1,adberr:0,findfail:0,valfail:0]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The first part before the colon shows that a recursive
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolution for AAAA records of www.example.com completed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater in 30.000183 seconds and the final result that led to the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL was determined at line 2970 of source file
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The following part shows the detected final result and the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater latest result of DNSSEC validation.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The latter is always success when no validation attempt
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In this example, this query resulted in SERVFAIL probably
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater because all name servers are down or unreachable, leading
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to a timeout in 30 seconds.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation was probably not attempted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The last part enclosed in square brackets shows statistics
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater information collected for this particular resolution
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="varname">domain</code> field shows the deepest zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that the resolver reached;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is the zone where the error was finally detected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The meaning of the other fields is summarized in the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater following table.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">referral</code></p>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews The number of referrals the resolver received
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews throughout the resolution process.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the above example this is 2, which are most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein likely com and example.com.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of cycles that the resolver tried
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein remote servers at the <code class="varname">domain</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In each cycle the resolver sends one query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (possibly resending it, depending on the response)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to each known name server of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of queries the resolver sent at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of timeouts since the resolver
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein received the last response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of lame servers the resolver detected
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A server is detected to be lame either by an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein invalid response or as a result of lookup in
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater BIND9's address database (ADB), where lame
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers are cached.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of erroneous results that the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolver encountered in sending queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews One common case is the remote server is
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater unreachable and the resolver receives an ICMP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unreachable error message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of unexpected responses (other than
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <code class="varname">lame</code>) to queries sent by the
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews resolver at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Failures in finding remote server addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone in the ADB.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One common case of this is that the remote
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's name does not have any address records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Failures of resolving remote server addresses.
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews This is a total number of failures throughout
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater the resolution process.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Failures of DNSSEC validation.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Validation failures are counted throughout
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews the resolution process (not limited to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone), but should
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews only happen in <code class="varname">domain</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At the debug levels of 3 or higher, the same messages
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews as those at the debug 1 level are logged for other errors
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than SERVFAIL.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that negative responses such as NXDOMAIN are not
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews regarded as errors here.
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews At the debug levels of 4 or higher, the same messages
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 2 level are logged for other errors
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews Unlike the above case of level 3, messages are logged for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein negative responses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is because any unexpected results can be difficult to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater debug in the recursion case.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="lwres_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This is the grammar of the <span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> listen-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> view <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>; </span>]
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> search { <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
b3c2030de4cc02b8e881ca4e6f62b385d4b41b0fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ndots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> lwres-tasks <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> lwres-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="lwres_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> statement configures the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to also act as a lightweight resolver server. (See
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#lwresd" title="Running a Resolver Daemon">the section called “Running a Resolver Daemon”</a>.) There may be multiple
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> statements configuring
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lightweight resolver servers with different properties.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> statement specifies a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 addresses (and ports) that this instance of a lightweight
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews resolver daemon
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should accept requests on. If no port is specified, port 921 is
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews If this statement is omitted, requests will be accepted on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement binds this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instance of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lightweight resolver daemon to a view in the DNS namespace, so that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response will be constructed in the same manner as a normal DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this view. If this statement is omitted, the default view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used, and if there is no default view, an error is triggered.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>search</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>search</strong></span> statement in
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It provides a
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater list of domains
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater which are appended to relative names in queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>ndots</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>ndots</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It indicates the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of dots in a relative domain name that should result in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exact match lookup before search path elements are appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="option">lwres-tasks</code> statement specifies the number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of worker threads the lightweight resolver will dedicate to serving
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients. By default the number is the same as the number of CPUs on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the system; this can be overridden using the <code class="option">-n</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option when starting the server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="option">lwres-clients</code> specifies
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews the number of client objects per thread the lightweight
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolver should create to serve client queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By default, if the lightweight resolver runs as a part
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater of <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>, 256 client objects are
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater created for each task; if it runs as <span class="command"><strong>lwresd</strong></span>,
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews 1024 client objects are created for each thread. The maximum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is 32768; higher values will be silently ignored and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the maximum will be used instead.
538a83db7509d598da95a93bd7b74ef3112123a4Mark Andrews Note that setting too high a value may overconsume
538a83db7509d598da95a93bd7b74ef3112123a4Mark Andrews system resources.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The maximum number of client queries that the lightweight
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews resolver can handle at any one time equals
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <code class="option">lwres-tasks</code> times <code class="option">lwres-clients</code>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
0c487f4b6eade1440ea40f5a5ffc9b5fd4c41ed1Mark Andrews<a name="masters_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="masters_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<p><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists allow for a common set of masters to be easily used by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple stub and slave zones in their <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> lists.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<a name="options_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater This is the grammar of the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> {
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> attach-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> version <em class="replaceable"><code>version_string</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> hostname <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname_string</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> server-id <em class="replaceable"><code>server_id_string</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnstap { <em class="replaceable"><code>message_type</code></em>; ... }; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnstap-output ( <code class="literal">file</code> | <code class="literal">unix</code> ) <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnstap-identity ( <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> | <code class="literal">hostname</code> | <code class="literal">none</code> ); </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnstap-version ( <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> | <code class="literal">none</code> ); </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> geoip-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> managed-keys-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> named-xfer <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-keytab <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-credential <em class="replaceable"><code>principal</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-domain <em class="replaceable"><code>domainname</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-dhkey <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_tag</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> cache-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dump-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> bindkeys-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> lock-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> secroots-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> session-keyfile <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> session-keyname <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> session-keyalg <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> memstatistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> memstatistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> pid-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> recursing-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> statistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> auth-nxdomain <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> nxdomain-redirect <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> deallocate-on-exit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> fake-iquery <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> fetch-glue <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> flush-zones-on-shutdown <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> has-old-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> host-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> host-statistics-max <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> minimal-any <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> minimal-responses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> multiple-cnames <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> recursion <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> send-cookie <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> require-server-cookie <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> cookie-algorithm <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> cookie-secret <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> nocookie-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> request-nsid <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> rfc2308-type1 <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-id-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences (<em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <code class="constant">master</code> | <code class="constant">slave</code>); </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> auto-dnssec <code class="constant">allow</code>|<code class="constant">maintain</code>|<code class="constant">off</code>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-validation (<em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <code class="constant">auto</code>); </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-lookaside ( <em class="replaceable"><code>auto</code></em> |
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>no</code></em> |
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> trust-anchor <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> ); </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-must-be-secure <em class="replaceable"><code>domain yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-accept-expired <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> forward ( <em class="replaceable"><code>only</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>first</code></em> ); </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dual-stack-servers [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] {
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater ( <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] |
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]) ;
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater ... }; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-names ( <em class="replaceable"><code>master</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>slave</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>response</code></em> )
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-dup-records ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-mx ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-mx-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-srv-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-sibling <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-spf ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-new-zones { <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> automatic-interface-scan { <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> geoip-use-ecs <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>;</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-update-mode ( <em class="replaceable"><code>maintain</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>no-resign</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-loadkeys-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;</span>]
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-v6-synthesis { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> blackhole { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> keep-response-order { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> no-case-compress { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> message-compression <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> avoid-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> avoid-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> listen-on [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> listen-on-v6 [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews{ <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> query-source ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] |
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] )
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] |
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] )
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-updateinterval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> reserved-sockets <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> recursive-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> tcp-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> fetches-per-server <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>(drop | fail)</code></em></span>]; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> fetch-quota-params <em class="replaceable"><code>number fixedpoint fixedpoint fixedpoint</code></em> ; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> fetches-per-zone <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>(drop | fail)</code></em></span>]; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> startup-notify-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> serial-query-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> serial-queries <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tcp-listen-queue <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-message-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-per-ns <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> also-notify [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ) [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>keyname</code></em></span>] ; ... }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> coresize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> datasize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> files <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> stacksize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> heartbeat-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> interface-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> statistics-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> topology { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sortlist { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> rrset-order { <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; ... </span>] </span>] };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> lame-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ncache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-cache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-zone-ttl ( <code class="constant">unlimited</code> | <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> serial-update-method <code class="constant">increment</code>|<code class="constant">unixtime</code>|<code class="constant">date</code>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> servfail-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-roots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> request-expire <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> treat-cr-as-space <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> nta-lifetime <em class="replaceable"><code>duration</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> nta-recheck <em class="replaceable"><code>duration</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> additional-from-auth <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> additional-from-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> random-device <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em> ; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-cache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_or_percent</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> match-mapped-addresses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> filter-aaaa-on-v4 ( <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>break-dnssec</code></em> ); </span>]
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> filter-aaaa-on-v6 ( <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>break-dnssec</code></em> ); </span>]
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> filter-aaaa { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dns64 <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6-prefix</code></em> {
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> mapped { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> suffix <em class="replaceable"><code>IPv6-address</code></em>; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> break-dnssec <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dns64-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dns64-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> preferred-glue ( <em class="replaceable"><code>A</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>AAAA</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>NONE</code></em> ); </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-rsa-exponent-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> root-delegation-only [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>] ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> querylog <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> disable-algorithms <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>;
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> disable-ds-digests <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>digest_type</code></em>;
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>digest_type</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-acache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-recursion-depth <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-recursion-queries <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater (<code class="constant">relative</code>|<code class="constant">full</code>) ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> empty-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> empty-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> empty-zones-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> disable-empty-zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> resolver-query-timeout <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-addresses { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-aliases { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> prefetch <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> responses-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> referrals-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> nodata-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> nxdomains-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> errors-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> all-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> window <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> log-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> qps-scale <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ipv4-prefix-length <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ipv6-prefix-length <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> slip <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> exempt-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> } ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-table-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-table-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein } ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> policy <em class="replaceable"><code>(given | disabled | passthru | drop |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein tcp-only | nxdomain | nodata | cname domain</code></em>) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> log <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-policy-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein } [<span class="optional"> recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-policy-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> break-dnssec <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> min-ns-dots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> nsip-wait-recurse <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> qname-wait-recurse <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
285254345ce5ab270848f8c11f7be146793f1e00Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> automatic-interface-scan <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater zone <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }</span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">in-memory <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">min-update-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">v6-bias <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<a name="options"></a><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement sets up global
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater to be used by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>. This statement
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater may appear only
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater once in a configuration file. If there is no <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater statement, an options block with each option set to its default will
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Allows multiple views to share a single cache
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Each view has its own cache database by default, but
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater if multiple views have the same operational policy
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater for name resolution and caching, those views can
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater share a single cache to save memory and possibly
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater improve resolution efficiency by using this option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may also be specified in <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements, in which case it overrides the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews global <span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em> specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the cache to be shared.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server configures
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein views which are supposed to share a cache, it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein creates a cache with the specified name for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein first view of these sharing views.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rest of the views will simply refer to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein already created cache.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater One common configuration to share a cache would be to
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater allow all views to share a single cache.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater This can be done by specifying
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater the <span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span> as a global
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater option with an arbitrary name.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater Another possible operation is to allow a subset of
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater all views to share a cache while the others to
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater retain their own caches.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater For example, if there are three views A, B, and C,
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater and only A and B should share a cache, specify the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span> option as a view A (or
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater B)'s option, referring to the other view name:
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater // this view has its own cache
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater // this view refers to A's cache
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater attach-cache "A";
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater // this view has its own cache
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater Views that share a cache must have the same policy
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater on configurable parameters that may affect caching.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater The current implementation requires the following
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater configurable options be consistent among these
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span>,
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>cleaning-interval</strong></span>,
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span>,
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span>,
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-cache-ttl</strong></span>,
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span>,
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-cache-size</strong></span>, and
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that there may be other parameters that may
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater cause confusion if they are inconsistent for
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater different views that share a single cache.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater For example, if these views define different sets of
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater forwarders that can return different answers for the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater same question, sharing the answer does not make
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater sense or could even be harmful.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater It is administrator's responsibility to ensure
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater configuration differences in different views do
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater not cause disruption with a shared cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The working directory of the server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Any non-absolute pathnames in the configuration file will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as relative to this directory. The default location for most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein output files (e.g. <code class="filename">named.run</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is this directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a directory is not specified, the working directory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defaults to `<code class="filename">.</code>', the directory from
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews which the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was started. The directory specified should be an absolute
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> is a fast, flexible method
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews for capturing and logging DNS traffic. Developed by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Robert Edmonds at Farsight Security, Inc., and supported
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by multiple DNS implementations, <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>libfstrm</strong></span> (a lightweight high-speed
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater framing library, see
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews <a class="link" href="https://github.com/farsightsec/fstrm" target="_top">https://github.com/farsightsec/fstrm</a>) to send
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews event payloads which are encoded using Protocol Buffers
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews (<span class="command"><strong>libprotobuf-c</strong></span>, a mechanism for
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews serializing structured data developed
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews by Google, Inc.; see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/" target="_top">https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To enable <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> at compile time,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span class="command"><strong>fstrm</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>protobuf-c</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein libraries must be available, and BIND must be configured with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> option is a bracketed list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of message types to be logged. These may be set differently
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for each view. Supported types are <code class="literal">client</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">auth</code>, <code class="literal">resolver</code>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">forwarder</code>. Specifying type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">all</code> will cause all <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages to be logged, regardless of type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each type may take an additional argument to indicate whether
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to log <code class="literal">query</code> messages or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">response</code> messages; if not specified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both queries and responses are logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Example: To log all authoritative queries and responses,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews recursive client responses, and upstream queries sent by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the resolver, use:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein client response;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolver query;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Logged <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> messages can be parsed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-read</strong></span> utility (see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="man.dnstap-read.html" title="dnstap-read"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnstap-read</span></span>(1)</a> for details).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For more information on <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://dnstap.info" target="_top">http://dnstap.info</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnstap-output</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Configures the path to which the <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein frame stream will be sent if <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is enabled at compile time and active.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The first argument is either <code class="literal">file</code> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">unix</code>, indicating whether the destination
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a file or a UNIX domain socket. The second argument
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is the path of the file or socket. (Note: when using a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein socket, <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> messages will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only be sent if another process such as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>fstrm_capture</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (provided with <span class="command"><strong>libfstrm</strong></span>) is listening on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the socket.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-output</strong></span> can only be set globally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>. Currently, it can only be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set once while <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is running;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein once set, it cannot be changed by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>rndc reload</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>rndc reconfig</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnstap-identity</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies an <span class="command"><strong>identity</strong></span> string to send in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> messages. If set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">hostname</code>, which is the default, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's hostname will be sent. If set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">none</code>, no identity string will be sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnstap-version</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a <span class="command"><strong>version</strong></span> string to send in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> messages. The default is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein version number of the BIND release. If set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">none</code>, no version string will be sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>geoip-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the directory containing GeoIP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">.dat</code> database files for GeoIP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein initialization. By default, this option is unset
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the GeoIP support will use libGeoIP's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built-in directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (For details, see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl" title="acl Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a> about the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>geoip</strong></span> ACL.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When performing dynamic update of secure zones, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein directory where the public and private DNSSEC key files
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be found, if different than the current working
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein directory. (Note that this option has no effect on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein paths for files containing non-DNSSEC keys such as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the directory in which to store the files that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein track managed DNSSEC keys. By default, this is the working
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is not configured to use views,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then managed keys for the server will be tracked in a single
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file called <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Otherwise, managed keys will be tracked in separate files,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one file per view; each file name will be the view name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (or, if it contains characters that are incompatible with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use as a file name, the SHA256 hash of the view name),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by the extension
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (Note: in previous releases, file names for views
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein always used the SHA256 hash of the view name. To ensure
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compatibility after upgrade, if a file using the old
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name format is found to exist, it will be used instead
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the new format.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>named-xfer</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete.</em></span> It
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the pathname to the <span class="command"><strong>named-xfer</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein program. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, no separate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named-xfer</strong></span> program is needed;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein its functionality is built into the name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tkey-gssapi-keytab</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The KRB5 keytab file to use for GSS-TSIG updates. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this option is set and tkey-gssapi-credential is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set, then updates will be allowed with any key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching a principal in the specified keytab.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tkey-gssapi-credential</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The security credential with which the server should
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authenticate keys requested by the GSS-TSIG protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Currently only Kerberos 5 authentication is available
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the credential is a Kerberos principal which the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server can acquire through the default system key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file, normally <code class="filename">/etc/krb5.keytab</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The location keytab file can be overridden using the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein tkey-gssapi-keytab option. Normally this principal is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the form "<strong class="userinput"><code>DNS/</code></strong><code class="varname">server.domain</code>".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To use GSS-TSIG, <span class="command"><strong>tkey-domain</strong></span> must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be set if a specific keytab is not set with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein tkey-gssapi-keytab.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tkey-domain</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The domain appended to the names of all shared keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generated with <span class="command"><strong>TKEY</strong></span>. When a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein client requests a <span class="command"><strong>TKEY</strong></span> exchange,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it may or may not specify the desired name for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key. If present, the name of the shared key will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be <code class="varname">client specified part</code> +
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>. Otherwise, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name of the shared key will be <code class="varname">random hex
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein digits</code> + <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In most cases, the <span class="command"><strong>domainname</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be the server's domain name, or an otherwise
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-existent subdomain like
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "_tkey.<code class="varname">domainname</code>". If you are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using GSS-TSIG, this variable must be defined, unless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you specify a specific keytab using tkey-gssapi-keytab.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tkey-dhkey</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Diffie-Hellman key used by the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to generate shared keys with clients using the Diffie-Hellman
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <span class="command"><strong>TKEY</strong></span>. The server must be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein able to load the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein public and private keys from files in the working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein most cases, the keyname should be the server's host name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>cache-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is for testing only. Do not use.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dump-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server dumps
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the database to when instructed to do so with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>rndc dumpdb</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named_dump.db</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>memstatistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server writes memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein usage statistics to on exit. If not specified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default is <code class="filename">named.memstats</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>lock-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of a file on which <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein attempt to acquire a file lock when starting up for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the first time; if unsuccessful, the server will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will terminate, under the assumption that another
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews server is already running. If not specified, the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.lock</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span class="command"><strong>lock-file none</strong></span> disables the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use of a lock file. <span class="command"><strong>lock-file</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ignored if <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> was run using the <code class="option">-X</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option, which overrides it. Changes to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>lock-file</strong></span> are ignored if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is being reloaded or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reconfigured; it is only effective when the server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein first started up.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>pid-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in. If not specified, the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code>.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews The PID file is used by programs that want to send signals to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name server. Specifying <span class="command"><strong>pid-file none</strong></span> disables the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use of a PID file — no file will be written and any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein existing one will be removed. Note that <span class="command"><strong>none</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a keyword, not a filename, and therefore is not enclosed
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews double quotes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>recursing-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server dumps
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the queries that are currently recursing when instructed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to do so with <span class="command"><strong>rndc recursing</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.recursing</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server appends statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to when instructed to do so using <span class="command"><strong>rndc stats</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.stats</code> in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's current directory. The format of the file is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>bindkeys-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of a file to override the built-in trusted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys provided by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the discussion of <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span> for details.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>secroots-file</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The pathname of the file the server dumps
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews security roots to when instructed to do so with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>rndc secroots</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>session-keyfile</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The pathname of the file into which to write a TSIG
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews session key generated by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> for use by
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate -l</strong></span>. If not specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default is <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>, and in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein particular the discussion of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong> option for more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information about this feature.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>session-keyname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The key name to use for the TSIG session key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is "local-ddns".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>session-keyalg</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The algorithm to use for the TSIG session key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are hmac-sha1, hmac-sha224, hmac-sha256,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hmac-sha384, hmac-sha512 and hmac-md5. If not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, the default is hmac-sha256.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein receiving and sending DNS protocol traffic.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 53. This option is mainly intended for server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a server using a port other than 53 will not be able to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein communicate with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the global DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dscp</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The global Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value to classify outgoing DNS traffic on operating
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews systems that support DSCP. Valid values are 0 through 63.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews It is not configured by default.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>random-device</strong></span></span></dt>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews The source of entropy to be used by the server. Entropy is
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews primarily needed
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews for DNSSEC operations, such as TKEY transactions and dynamic
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews update of signed
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews zones. This options specifies the device (or file) from which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entropy. If this is a file, operations requiring entropy will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail when the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file has been exhausted. If not specified, the default value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (or equivalent) when present, and none otherwise. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>random-device</strong></span> option takes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein effect during
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the initial configuration load at server startup time and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is ignored on subsequent reloads.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>preferred-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If specified, the listed type (A or AAAA) will be emitted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before other glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the additional section of a query response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is to prefer A records when responding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to queries that arrived via IPv4 and AAAA when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein responding to queries that arrived via IPv6.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="root_delegation_only"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>root-delegation-only</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Turn on enforcement of delegation-only in TLDs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (top level domains) and root zones with an optional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exclude list.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews DS queries are expected to be made to and be answered by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delegation only zones. Such queries and responses are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treated as an exception to delegation-only processing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses provided
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a CNAME is not discovered at the query name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a delegation only zone server also serves a child
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews zone it is not always possible to determine whether
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an answer comes from the delegation only zone or the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein child zone. SOA NS and DNSKEY records are apex
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only records and a matching response that contains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein these records or DS is treated as coming from a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein child zone. RRSIG records are also examined to see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if they are signed by a child zone or not. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authority section is also examined to see if there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is evidence that the answer is from the child zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Answers that are determined to be from a child zone
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses. Despite
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all these checks there is still a possibility of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein false negatives when a child zone is being served.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Similarly false positives can arise from empty nodes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (no records at the name) in the delegation only zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the query type is not ANY.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note some TLDs are not delegation only (e.g. "DE", "LV",
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews "US" and "MUSEUM"). This list is not exhaustive.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein root-delegation-only exclude { "de"; "lv"; "us"; "museum"; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>disable-algorithms</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disable the specified DNSSEC algorithms at and below the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span class="command"><strong>disable-algorithms</strong></span>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews statements are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only the best match <span class="command"><strong>disable-algorithms</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clause will be used to determine which algorithms are used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If all supported algorithms are disabled, the zones covered
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span class="command"><strong>disable-algorithms</strong></span> will be treated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as insecure.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>disable-ds-digests</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disable the specified DS/DLV digest types at and below the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span class="command"><strong>disable-ds-digests</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only the best match <span class="command"><strong>disable-ds-digests</strong></span>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews clause will be used to determine which digest types are used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If all supported digest types are disabled, the zones covered
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span class="command"><strong>disable-ds-digests</strong></span> will be treated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as insecure.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When set, <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> provides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein validator with an alternate method to validate DNSKEY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records at the top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below a domain specified by the deepest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>, and the normal DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein validation has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be appended to the key name and a DLV record will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein looked up to see if it can validate the key. If the DLV
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record validates a DNSKEY (similarly to the way a DS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record does) the DNSKEY RRset is deemed to be trusted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, then built-in default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values for the DLV domain and trust anchor will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used, along with a built-in key for validation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then dnssec-lookaside
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default DLV key is stored in the file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will load that key at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein startup if <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="constant">auto</code>. A copy of the file is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein installed along with <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, and is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein current as of the release date. If the DLV key expires, a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein new copy of <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> can be downloaded
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from <a class="link" href="https://www.isc.org/solutions/dlv/" target="_top">https://www.isc.org/solutions/dlv/</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (To prevent problems if <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not found, the current key is also compiled in to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>. Relying on this is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recommended, however, as it requires <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be recompiled with a new key when the DLV key expires.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NOTE: <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> only loads certain specific
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys from <code class="filename">bind.keys</code>: those for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DLV zone and for the DNS root zone. The file cannot be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to store keys for other zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-must-be-secure</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify hierarchies which must be or may not be secure
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (signed and validated). If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will only accept answers if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein they are secure. If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then normal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC validation applies allowing for insecure answers to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be accepted. The specified domain must be under a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement, or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> must be active.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dns64</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This directive instructs <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein return mapped IPv4 addresses to AAAA queries when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein there are no AAAA records. It is intended to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used in conjunction with a NAT64. Each
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dns64</strong></span> defines one DNS64 prefix.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple DNS64 prefixes can be defined.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Compatible IPv6 prefixes have lengths of 32, 40, 48, 56,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 64 and 96 as per RFC 6052.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater Additionally a reverse IP6.ARPA zone will be created for
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater the prefix to provide a mapping from the IP6.ARPA names
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the corresponding IN-ADDR.ARPA names using synthesized
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein CNAMEs. <span class="command"><strong>dns64-server</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dns64-contact</strong></span> can be used to specify
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater the name of the server and contact for the zones. These
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater are settable at the view / options level. These are
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater not settable on a per-prefix basis.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater Each <span class="command"><strong>dns64</strong></span> supports an optional
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>clients</strong></span> ACL that determines which
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater clients are affected by this directive. If not defined,
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater it defaults to <strong class="userinput"><code>any;</code></strong>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Each <span class="command"><strong>dns64</strong></span> supports an optional
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>mapped</strong></span> ACL that selects which
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater IPv4 addresses are to be mapped in the corresponding
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater A RRset. If not defined it defaults to
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>any;</code></strong>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Normally, DNS64 won't apply to a domain name that
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater owns one or more AAAA records; these records will
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater simply be returned. The optional
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>exclude</strong></span> ACL allows specification
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater of a list of IPv6 addresses that will be ignored
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater if they appear in a domain name's AAAA records, and
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater DNS64 will be applied to any A records the domain
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater name owns. If not defined, <span class="command"><strong>exclude</strong></span>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater A optional <span class="command"><strong>suffix</strong></span> can also
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater be defined to set the bits trailing the mapped
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater IPv4 address bits. By default these bits are
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater set to <strong class="userinput"><code>::</code></strong>. The bits
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater matching the prefix and mapped IPv4 address
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater If <span class="command"><strong>recursive-only</strong></span> is set to
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span> the DNS64 synthesis will
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater only happen for recursive queries. The default
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater If <span class="command"><strong>break-dnssec</strong></span> is set to
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span> the DNS64 synthesis will
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater happen even if the result, if validated, would
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater cause a DNSSEC validation failure. If this option
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater is set to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span> (the default), the DO
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater is set on the incoming query, and there are RRSIGs on
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater the applicable records, then synthesis will not happen.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater acl rfc1918 { 10/8; 192.168/16; 172.16/12; };
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater dns64 64:FF9B::/96 {
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater clients { any; };
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater mapped { !rfc1918; any; };
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater exclude { 64:FF9B::/96; ::ffff:0000:0000/96; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a zone is configured with <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maintain;</strong></span> its key repository must be checked
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein periodically to see if any new keys have been added
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or any existing keys' timing metadata has been updated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a class="xref" href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></span>(8)</a> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></span>(8)</a>). The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sets the frequency of automatic repository checks, in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default is <code class="literal">60</code> (1 hour),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the minimum is <code class="literal">1</code> (1 minute), and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum is <code class="literal">1440</code> (24 hours); any higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is silently reduced.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-update-mode</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If this option is set to its default value of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">maintain</code> in a zone of type
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">master</code> which is DNSSEC-signed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and configured to allow dynamic updates (see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>), and
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater if <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> has access to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein private signing key(s) for the zone, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will automatically sign all new
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater or changed records and maintain signatures for the zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by regenerating RRSIG records whenever they approach
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein their expiration date.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the option is changed to <code class="literal">no-resign</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will sign all new or
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater changed records, but scheduled maintenance of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein signatures is disabled.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein With either of these settings, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will reject updates to a DNSSEC-signed zone when the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein signing keys are inactive or unavailable to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>. (A planned third option,
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">external</code>, will disable all automatic
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater signing and allow DNSSEC data to be submitted into a zone
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews via dynamic update; this is not yet implemented.)
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>nta-lifetime</strong></span></span></dt>
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews Species the default lifetime, in seconds,
67354524bee279b7242a1a35b061151754e057b1Automatic Updater that will be used for negative trust anchors added
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein via <span class="command"><strong>rndc nta</strong></span>.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews A negative trust anchor selectively disables
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews DNSSEC validation for zones that are known to be
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater failing because of misconfiguration rather than
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater an attack. When data to be validated is
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater at or below an active NTA (and above any other
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews configured trust anchors), <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein abort the DNSSEC validation process and treat the data as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein insecure rather than bogus. This continues until the
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater NTA's lifetime is elapsed. NTAs persist
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews across <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> restarts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For convenience, TTL-style time unit suffixes can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to specify the NTA lifetime in seconds, minutes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or hours. <code class="option">nta-lifetime</code> defaults to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one hour. It cannot exceed one week.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>nta-recheck</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Species how often to check whether negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein trust anchors added via <span class="command"><strong>rndc nta</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are still necessary.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews A negative trust anchor is normally used when a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain has stopped validating due to operator error;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it temporarily disables DNSSEC validation for that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain. In the interest of ensuring that DNSSEC
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews validation is turned back on as soon as possible,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will periodically send a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query to the domain, ignoring negative trust anchors,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to find out whether it can now be validated. If so,
f02216f5b390ff0a589fa080f29350fd7794bf5cMark Andrews the negative trust anchor is allowed to expire early.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Validity checks can be disabled for an individual
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews NTA by using <span class="command"><strong>rndc nta -f</strong></span>, or
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews for all NTAs by setting <code class="option">nta-recheck</code>
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews For convenience, TTL-style time unit suffixes can be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews used to specify the NTA recheck interval in seconds,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews minutes or hours. The default is five minutes. It
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews cannot be longer than <code class="option">nta-lifetime</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (which cannot be longer than a week).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-zone-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a maximum permissible TTL value in seconds.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For convenience, TTL-style time unit suffixes may be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to specify the maximum value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When loading a zone file using a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">masterfile-format</code> of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="constant">text</code> or <code class="constant">raw</code>,
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews any record encountered with a TTL higher than
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews <code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> will cause the zone to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews be rejected.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This is useful in DNSSEC-signed zones because when
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews rolling to a new DNSKEY, the old key needs to remain
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater available until RRSIG records have expired from
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater caches. The <code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> option guarantees
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that the largest TTL in the zone will be no higher
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews than the set value.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (NOTE: Because <code class="constant">map</code>-format files
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews load directly into memory, this option cannot be
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews used with them.)
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The default value is <code class="constant">unlimited</code>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews A <code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> of zero is treated as
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method</strong></span></span></dt>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews Zones configured for dynamic DNS may use this
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews option to set the update method that will be used for
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews the zone serial number in the SOA record.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews With the default setting of
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method increment;</strong></span>, the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews SOA serial number will be incremented by one each time
01b18d4c7c14ccb93708ab7ffdece3ac67b15a7cAutomatic Updater the zone is updated.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method unixtime;</strong></span>, the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews SOA serial number will be set to the number of seconds
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews since the UNIX epoch, unless the serial number is
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews already greater than or equal to that value, in which
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews case it is simply incremented by one.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method date;</strong></span>, the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater new SOA serial number will be the current date
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater in the form "YYYYMMDD", followed by two zeroes,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater unless the existing serial number is already greater
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater than or equal to that value, in which case it is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater incremented by one.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>full</code></strong>, the server will collect
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater statistical data on all zones (unless specifically
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater turned off on a per-zone basis by specifying
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics terse</strong></span> or
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics none</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement).
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>terse</code></strong>, providing
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater minimal statistics on zones (including name and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater current serial number, but not query type
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater These statistics may be accessed via the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>statistics-channel</strong></span> or
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater using <span class="command"><strong>rndc stats</strong></span>, which
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater will dump them to the file listed
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater in the <span class="command"><strong>statistics-file</strong></span>. See
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater also <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater For backward compatibility with earlier versions
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater of BIND 9, the <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater option can also accept <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>; <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater has the same meaning as <strong class="userinput"><code>full</code></strong>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater As of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.10,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> has the same meaning
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater as <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>; previously, it
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater was the same as <strong class="userinput"><code>terse</code></strong>.
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews<a name="boolean_options"></a>Boolean Options</h4></div></div></div>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>automatic-interface-scan</strong></span></span></dt>
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and supported by the OS,
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater automatically rescan network interfaces when the interface
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater addresses are added or removed. The default is
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Currently the OS needs to support routing sockets for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>automatic-interface-scan</strong></span> to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-new-zones</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then zones can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein added at runtime via <span class="command"><strong>rndc addzone</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>auth-nxdomain</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the <span class="command"><strong>AA</strong></span> bit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is always set on NXDOMAIN responses, even if the server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a change from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8. If you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are using very old DNS software, you
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews may need to set it to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>deallocate-on-exit</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8 to enable checking
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for memory leaks on exit. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option and always performs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>memstatistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Write memory statistics to the file specified by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>memstatistics-file</strong></span> at exit.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> unless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein '-m record' is specified on the command line in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which case it is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server treats all zones as if they are doing zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a dial-on-demand dialup link, which can be brought up by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein originating from this server. This has different effects
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater to zone type and concentrates the zone maintenance so that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein happens in a short interval, once every <span class="command"><strong>heartbeat-interval</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hopefully during the one call. It also suppresses some of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone maintenance traffic. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may also be specified in the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statements,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews in which case it overrides the global <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the zone is a master zone, then the server will send out a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein request to all the slaves (default). This should trigger the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number check in the slave (providing it supports NOTIFY)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowing the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to verify the zone while the connection is active.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The set of servers to which NOTIFY is sent can be controlled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is a slave or stub zone, then the server will suppress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "zone up to date" (refresh) queries and only perform them
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>heartbeat-interval</strong></span> expires in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addition to sending
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NOTIFY requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Finer control can be achieved by using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong> which only sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong> which sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein suppresses the normal refresh queries, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which suppresses normal refresh processing and sends refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the <span class="command"><strong>heartbeat-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expires, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong> which just disables normal
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews normal refresh
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews heart-beat refresh
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews heart-beat notify
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <p><span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span> (default)</p>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <p><span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span></p>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <p><span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>refresh</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>notify-passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that normal NOTIFY processing is not affected by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fake-iquery</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce enabled simulating the obsolete DNS query type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IQUERY. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 never does
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IQUERY simulation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fetch-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, <strong class="userinput"><code>fetch-glue yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caused the server to attempt to fetch glue resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein didn't have when constructing the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data section of a response. This is now considered a bad
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and BIND 9 never does it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the nameserver exits due receiving SIGTERM,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein flush or do not flush any pending zone writes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>geoip-use-ecs</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When BIND is compiled with GeoIP support and configured
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with "geoip" ACL elements, this option indicates whether
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the EDNS Client Subnet option, if present in a request,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be used for matching against the GeoIP database.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>geoip-use-ecs</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>has-old-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was incorrectly implemented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, and is ignored by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To achieve the intended effect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>has-old-clients</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the two separate options <span class="command"><strong>auth-nxdomain</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span class="command"><strong>rfc2308-type1</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> instead.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>host-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, this enables keeping of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statistics for every host that the name server interacts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>maintain-ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determine whether a transaction log was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein kept for Incremental Zone Transfer. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains a transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log whenever possible. If you need to disable outgoing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers, use <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>message-compression</strong></span></span></dt>
24e79a68e1b16324e17364fcd8959379ff6e20e9Mark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, DNS name compression is
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater used in responses to regular queries (not including
24e79a68e1b16324e17364fcd8959379ff6e20e9Mark Andrews AXFR or IXFR, which always uses compression). Setting
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater this option to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> reduces CPU
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein usage on servers and may improve throughput. However,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it increases response size, which may cause more queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be processed using TCP; a server with compression
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disabled is out of compliance with RFC 1123 Section
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews 6.1.3.2. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>minimal-responses</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein responses the server will only add records to the authority
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews and additional data sections when they are required (e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delegations, negative responses). This may improve the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein performance of the server.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>minimal-any</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater generating a positive response to a query of type
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater ANY over UDP, the server will reply with only one
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of the RRsets for the query name, and its covering
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater RRSIGs if any, instead of replying with all known
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater RRsets for the name. Similarly, a query for type
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater RRSIG will be answered with the RRSIG records covering
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater only one type. This can reduce the impact of some kinds
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of attack traffic, without harming legitimate
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater clients. (Note, however, that the RRset returned is the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater first one found in the database; it is not necessarily
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the smallest available RRset.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Additionally, <code class="option">minimal-responses</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein turned on for these queries, so no unnecessary records
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews will be added to the authority or additional sections.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>multiple-cnames</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to allow
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater a domain name to have multiple CNAME records in violation of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the DNS standards. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.2 onwards
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater always strictly enforces the CNAME rules both in master
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater files and dynamic updates.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> (the default),
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater DNS NOTIFY messages are sent when a zone the server is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater authoritative for
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater changes, see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#notify" title="Notify">the section called “Notify”</a>. The messages are
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater servers listed in the zone's NS records (except the master
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater server identified
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater in the SOA MNAME field), and to any servers listed in the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> option.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>master-only</code></strong>, notifies are only
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater for master zones.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>explicit</code></strong>, notifies are sent only
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater servers explicitly listed using <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, no notifies are sent.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span> option may also be
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater specified in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater in which case it overrides the <span class="command"><strong>options notify</strong></span> statement.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater It would only be necessary to turn off this option if it
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> do not check the nameservers
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater in the NS RRset against the SOA MNAME. Normally a NOTIFY
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater message is not sent to the SOA MNAME (SOA ORIGIN) as it is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater supposed to contain the name of the ultimate master.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Sometimes, however, a slave is listed as the SOA MNAME in
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater hidden master configurations and in that case you would
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater want the ultimate master to still send NOTIFY messages to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater all the nameservers listed in the NS RRset.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, and a
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater DNS query requests recursion, then the server will attempt
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater all the work required to answer the query. If recursion is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and the server does not already know the answer, it will
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews referral response. The default is
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews Note that setting <span class="command"><strong>recursion no</strong></span> does not prevent
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater clients from getting data from the server's cache; it only
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews prevents new data from being cached as an effect of client
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews Caching may still occur as an effect the server's internal
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater operation, such as NOTIFY address lookups.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>request-nsid</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an empty EDNS(0)
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews NSID (Name Server Identifier) option is sent with all
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews queries to authoritative name servers during iterative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolution. If the authoritative server returns an NSID
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option in its response, then its contents are logged in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span class="command"><strong>resolver</strong></span> category at level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>info</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>request-sit</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This experimental option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>require-server-cookie</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Require a valid server cookie before sending a full
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews response to a UDP request from a cookie aware client.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews BADCOOKIE is sent if there is a bad or no existent
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews server cookie.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>send-cookie</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then a COOKIE EDNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option is sent along with the query. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolver has previously talked to the server, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein COOKIE returned in the previous transaction is sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is used by the server to determine whether
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the resolver has talked to it before. A resolver
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sending the correct COOKIE is assumed not to be an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein off-path attacker sending a spoofed-source query;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the query is therefore unlikely to be part of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sending a correct COOKIE option are not subject to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response rate limiting (RRL). Resolvers which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein do not send a correct COOKIE option may be limited
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to receiving smaller responses via the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>nocookie-udp-size</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>nocookie-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum size of UDP responses that will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sent to queries without a valid server COOKIE. A value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below 128 will be silently raised to 128. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is 4096, but the <span class="command"><strong>max-udp-size</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option may further limit the response size.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sit-secret</strong></span></span></dt>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater This experimental option is obsolete.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>cookie-algorithm</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Set the algorithm to be used when generating the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server cookie. One of "aes", "sha1" or "sha256".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is "aes" if supported by the cryptographic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein library or otherwise "sha256".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>cookie-secret</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set, this is a shared secret used for generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and verifying Source Identity Token EDNS options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein within an anycast cluster. If not set, the system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will generate a random secret at startup. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein shared secret is encoded as a hex string and needs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be 128 bits for AES128, 160 bits for SHA1 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 256 bits for SHA256.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>rfc2308-type1</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting this to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause the server to send NS records along with the SOA
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record for negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not yet implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>trust-anchor-telemetry</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Causes <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to send specially-formed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries once per day to domains for which trust anchors
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have been configured via <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation auto</strong></span>, or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside auto</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The query name used for these queries has the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein form "_ta-xxxx(-xxxx)(...)".<domain>, where
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein each "xxxx" is a group of four hexadecimal digits
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein representing the key ID of a trusted DNSSEC key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The key IDs for each domain are sorted smallest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to largest prior to encoding. The query type is NULL.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By monitoring these queries, zone operators will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be able to see which resolvers have been updated to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein trust a new key; this may help them decide when it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is safe to remove an old one.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-id-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 always allocates query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IDs from a pool.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If you need to disable IXFR to a particular server or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers, see
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the information on the <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Usage”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#incremental_zone_transfers" title="Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)">the section called “Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)”</a>.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews See the description of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Usage”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>request-expire</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>request-expire</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>treat-cr-as-space</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server treat carriage return ("<span class="command"><strong>\r</strong></span>") characters the same way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as a space or tab character,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to facilitate loading of zone files on a UNIX system that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein were generated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on an NT or DOS machine. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, both UNIX "<span class="command"><strong>\n</strong></span>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and NT/DOS "<span class="command"><strong>\r\n</strong></span>" newlines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are always accepted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the option is ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>additional-from-auth</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options control the behavior of an authoritative
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews answering queries which have additional data, or when
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews following CNAME
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and DNAME chains.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When both of these options are set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (the default) and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query is being answered from authoritative data (a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configured into the server), the additional data section of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reply will be filled in using data from other authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and from the cache. In some situations this is undesirable,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as when there is concern over the correctness of the cache,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in servers where slave zones may be added and modified by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein untrusted third parties. Also, avoiding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the search for this additional data will speed up server
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews at the possible expense of additional queries to resolve
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews otherwise be provided in the additional section.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews For example, if a query asks for an MX record for host <code class="literal">foo.example.com</code>,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews and the record found is "<code class="literal">MX 10 mail.example.net</code>", normally the address
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews records (A and AAAA) for <code class="literal">mail.example.net</code> will be provided as well,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews if known, even though they are not in the example.com zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting these options to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables this behavior and makes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server only search for additional data in the zone it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers from.
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews These options are intended for use in authoritative-only
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews servers, or in authoritative-only views. Attempts to set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein them to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span> without also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>recursion no</strong></span> will cause the
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews ignore the options and log a warning message.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specifying <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache no</strong></span> actually
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews disables the use of the cache not only for additional data
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews but also when looking up the answer. This is usually the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews behavior in an authoritative-only server where the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews correctness of
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews the cached data is an issue.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a name server is non-recursively queried for a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below the apex of any served zone, it normally answers with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "upwards referral" to the root servers or the servers of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein known parent of the query name. Since the data in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein upwards referral
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comes from the cache, the server will not be able to provide
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referrals when <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has been specified. Instead, it will respond to such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with REFUSED. This should not cause any problems since
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews upwards referrals are not required for the resolution
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>match-mapped-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews IPv4-mapped IPv6 address will match any address match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list entries that match the corresponding IPv4 address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was introduced to work around a kernel quirk
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in some operating systems that causes IPv4 TCP
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews connections, such as zone transfers, to be accepted on an
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews IPv6 socket using mapped addresses. This caused address
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews match lists designed for IPv4 to fail to match. However,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> now solves this problem
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews internally. The use of this option is discouraged.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is only available when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 is compiled with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>--enable-filter-aaaa</code></strong> option on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "configure" command line. It is intended to help the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transition from IPv4 to IPv6 by not giving IPv6 addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to DNS clients unless they have connections to the IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Internet. This is not recommended unless absolutely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein necessary. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span> option
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater may also be specified in <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to override the global <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the DNS client is at an IPv4 address, in <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa</strong></span>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and if the response does not include DNSSEC signatures,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater then all AAAA records are deleted from the response.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This filtering applies to all responses and not only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative responses.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>break-dnssec</code></strong>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater then AAAA records are deleted even when DNSSEC is enabled.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater As suggested by the name, this makes the response not verify,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater because the DNSSEC protocol is designed detect deletions.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This mechanism can erroneously cause other servers to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater not give AAAA records to their clients.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A recursing server with both IPv6 and IPv4 network connections
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater that queries an authoritative server using this mechanism
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater via IPv4 will be denied AAAA records even if its client is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This mechanism is applied to authoritative as well as
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater non-authoritative records.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A client using IPv4 that is not allowed recursion can
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater erroneously be given AAAA records because the server is not
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater allowed to check for A records.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Some AAAA records are given to IPv4 clients in glue records.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater IPv4 clients that are servers can then erroneously
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater answer requests for AAAA records received via IPv4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater Identical to <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except it filters AAAA responses to queries from IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients instead of IPv4 clients. To filter all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein responses, set both options to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and the server loads a new
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein version of a master zone from its zone file or receives a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein new version of a slave file via zone transfer, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compare the new version to the previous one and calculate
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews a set of differences. The differences are then logged in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone's journal file such that the changes can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transmitted to downstream slaves as an incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By allowing incremental zone transfers to be used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-dynamic zones, this option saves bandwidth at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expense of increased CPU and memory consumption at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In particular, if the new version of a zone is completely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein different from the previous one, the set of differences
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be of a size comparable to the combined size of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein old and new zone version, and the server will need to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein temporarily allocate memory to hold this complete
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein difference set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also accepts <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span> at the view and options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein levels which causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> to be enabled for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span> zones respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is off by default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses refer to different machines. If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the serial number on the master is less than what <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zones configured for dynamic DNS may use this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option to allow varying levels of automatic DNSSEC key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein management. There are three possible settings:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec allow;</strong></span> permits
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys to be updated and the zone fully re-signed
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater whenever the user issues the command <span class="command"><strong>rndc sign
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec maintain;</strong></span> includes the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein above, but also automatically adjusts the zone's DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys on schedule, according to the keys' timing metadata
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a class="xref" href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></span>(8)</a> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></span>(8)</a>). The command
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span> causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to load keys from the key
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews repository and sign the zone with all keys that are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span> causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to load keys from the key
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews repository and schedule key maintenance events to occur
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the future, but it does not sign the full zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein immediately. Note: once keys have been loaded for a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone the first time, the repository will be searched
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for changes periodically, regardless of whether
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>rndc loadkeys</strong></span> is used. The recheck
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater interval is defined by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span>.)
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The default setting is <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec off</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This indicates whether DNSSEC-related resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records are to be returned by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will not return DNSSEC-related
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource records unless specifically queried for.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enable DNSSEC validation in <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> to be effective.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, DNSSEC validation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is disabled. If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC validation is enabled, and a default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein trust-anchor for the DNS root zone is used. If set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, DNSSEC validation is enabled,
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater but a trust anchor must be manually configured using
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater a <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> or
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement. The default
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater Whenever the resolver sends out queries to an
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater EDNS-compliant server, it always sets the DO bit
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater indicating it can support DNSSEC responses even if
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span> is off.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Accept expired signatures when verifying DNSSEC signatures.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater Setting this option to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater leaves <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> vulnerable to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replay attacks.
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>querylog</strong></span></span></dt>
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater Specify whether query logging should be started when <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater If <span class="command"><strong>querylog</strong></span> is not specified,
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater then the query logging
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater is determined by the presence of the logging category <span class="command"><strong>queries</strong></span>.
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater This option is used to restrict the character set and syntax
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the network. The default varies according to usage
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> zones the default is <span class="command"><strong>fail</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span> zones the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For answers received from the network (<span class="command"><strong>response</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default is <span class="command"><strong>ignore</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rules for legal hostnames and mail domains are derived
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from RFC 952 and RFC 821 as modified by RFC 1123.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein applies to the owner names of A, AAAA and MX records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It also applies to the domain names in the RDATA of NS, SOA,
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater MX, and SRV records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It also applies to the RDATA of PTR records where the owner
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name indicated that it is a reverse lookup of a hostname
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (the owner name ends in IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA, or IP6.INT).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-dup-records</strong></span></span></dt>
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater Check master zones for records that are treated as different
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater by DNSSEC but are semantically equal in plain DNS. The
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater default is to <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>. Other possible
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater values are <span class="command"><strong>fail</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>ignore</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Check whether the MX record appears to refer to a IP address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is to <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>. Other possible
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are <span class="command"><strong>fail</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>ignore</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to check for non-terminal wildcards.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The use of non-terminal wildcards is almost always as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein result of a failure
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein affects master zones. The default (<span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>) is to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for non-terminal wildcards and issue a warning.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Perform post load zone integrity checks on master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones. This checks that MX and SRV records refer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to address (A or AAAA) records and that glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address records exist for delegated zones. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX and SRV records only in-zone hostnames are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked (for out-of-zone hostnames use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named-checkzone</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For NS records only names below top of zone are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked (for out-of-zone names and glue consistency
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checks use <span class="command"><strong>named-checkzone</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The use of the SPF record for publishing Sender
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Policy Framework is deprecated as the migration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from using TXT records to SPF records was abandoned.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enabling this option also checks that a TXT Sender
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Policy Framework record exists (starts with "v=spf1")
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if there is an SPF record. Warnings are emitted if the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TXT record does not exist and can be suppressed with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>check-spf</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-mx-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail, warn or ignore MX records that refer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to CNAMES. The default is to <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-srv-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail, warn or ignore SRV records that refer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to CNAMES. The default is to <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When performing integrity checks, also check that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sibling glue exists. The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-spf</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein check that there is a TXT Sender Policy Framework
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce record present (starts with "v=spf1") if there is an
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce SPF record present. The default is
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When returning authoritative negative responses to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SOA queries set the TTL of the SOA record returned in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the authority section to zero.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When caching a negative response to a SOA query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the TTL to zero.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When set to the default value of <code class="literal">yes</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein check the KSK bit in each key to determine how the key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be used when generating RRSIGs for a secure zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Ordinarily, zone-signing keys (that is, keys without the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein KSK bit set) are used to sign the entire zone, while
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key-signing keys (keys with the KSK bit set) are only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, if this option is set to <code class="literal">no</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then the KSK bit is ignored; KSKs are treated as if they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein were ZSKs and are used to sign the entire zone. This is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein similar to the <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone -z</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When this option is set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be at least two active keys for every algorithm
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews represented in the DNSKEY RRset: at least one KSK and one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ZSK per algorithm. If there is any algorithm for which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this requirement is not met, this option will be ignored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for that algorithm.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When this option and <span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are both set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, only key-signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys (that is, keys with the KSK bit set) will be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex. Zone-signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys (keys without the KSK bit set) will be used to sign
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the remainder of the zone, but not the DNSKEY RRset.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is similar to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone -x</strong></span> command line option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span> is set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">no</code>, this option is ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Try to refresh the zone using TCP if UDP queries fail.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For BIND 8 compatibility, the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow a dynamic zone to transition from secure to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein insecure (i.e., signed to unsigned) by deleting all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the DNSKEY records. The default is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>, and if the DNSKEY RRset
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at the zone apex is deleted, all RRSIG and NSEC records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be removed from the zone as well.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the zone uses NSEC3, then it is also necessary to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delete the NSEC3PARAM RRset from the zone apex; this will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause the removal of all corresponding NSEC3 records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (It is expected that this requirement will be eliminated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a future release.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that if a zone has been configured with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec maintain</strong></span> and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein private keys remain accessible in the key repository,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then the zone will be automatically signed again the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein next time <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is started.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
4e243fdc6b33a6371208b48d64912d8e327b4f5cAndreas Gustafsson<a name="forwarding"></a>Forwarding</h4></div></div></div>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce name servers. It can also be used to allow queries by servers that
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater do not have direct access to the Internet, but wish to look up
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater names anyway. Forwarding occurs only on those queries for which
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce the server is not authoritative and does not have the answer in
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span></span></dt>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater This option is only meaningful if the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce forwarders list is not empty. A value of <code class="varname">first</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default, causes the server to query the forwarders
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein first — and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if that doesn't answer the question, the server will then
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews the answer itself. If <code class="varname">only</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server will only query the forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the IP addresses to be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for forwarding. The default is the empty list (no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarding).
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Forwarding can also be configured on a per-domain basis, allowing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the global forwarding options to be overridden in a variety
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of ways. You can set particular domains to use different
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or have a different <span class="command"><strong>forward only/first</strong></span> behavior,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or not forward at all, see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone Statement Grammar">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statement Grammar”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="dual_stack"></a>Dual-stack Servers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein problems in reachability due the lack of support for either IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the host machine.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dual-stack-servers</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies host names or addresses of machines with access to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both IPv4 and IPv6 transports. If a hostname is used, the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews server must be able
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to resolve the name using only the transport it has. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein machine is dual
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stacked, then the <span class="command"><strong>dual-stack-servers</strong></span> have no effect unless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein access to a transport has been disabled on the command line
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews (e.g. <span class="command"><strong>named -4</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="access_control"></a>Access Control</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Access to the server can be restricted based on the IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the requesting system. See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a> for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein details on how to specify IP address lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein notify this server, a slave, of zone changes in addition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the zone masters.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span> may also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement, in which case
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>options allow-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. It is only meaningful
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a slave zone. If not specified, the default is to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein process notify messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only from a zone's master.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to ask ordinary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS questions. <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be specified in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which case it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>options allow-query</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from all hosts.
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span> is now
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater used to specify access to the cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which local addresses can accept ordinary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS questions. This makes it possible, for instance,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to allow queries on internal-facing interfaces but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disallow them on external-facing ones, without
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce necessarily knowing the internal network's addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> is only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked for queries that are permitted by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>. A query must be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed by both ACLs, or it will be refused.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be specified in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which case it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>options allow-query-on</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on all addresses.
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater used to specify access to the cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to get answers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the cache. If <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not set then <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used if set, otherwise <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used if set unless <span class="command"><strong>recursion no;</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set in which case <span class="command"><strong>none;</strong></span> is used,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise the default (<span class="command"><strong>localnets;</strong></span>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache-on</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which local addresses can give answers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the cache. If not specified, the default is
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews to allow cache queries on any address,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>localnets</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>localhost</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to make recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries through this server. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion</strong></span> is not set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used if set, otherwise <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews is used if set, otherwise the default
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews (<span class="command"><strong>localnets;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion-on</strong></span></span></dt>
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater Specifies which local addresses can accept recursive
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater queries. If not specified, the default is to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursive queries on all addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein submit Dynamic DNS updates for master zones. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein updates from all hosts. Note that allowing updates based
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the requestor's IP address is insecure; see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a> for details.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein submit Dynamic DNS updates to slave zones to be forwarded to
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater master. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong>,
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater means that no update forwarding will be performed. To
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater update forwarding, specify
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>allow-update-forwarding { any; };</code></strong>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Specifying values other than <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong> or
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>{ any; }</code></strong> is usually
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater counterproductive, since
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater the responsibility for update access control should rest
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater master server, not the slaves.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Note that enabling the update forwarding feature on a slave
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater may expose master servers relying on insecure IP address
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater access control to attacks; see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater for more details.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-v6-synthesis</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater This option was introduced for the smooth transition from
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater to A6 and from "nibble labels" to binary labels.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater However, since both A6 and binary labels were then
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater this option was also deprecated.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater It is now ignored with some warning messages.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein receive zone transfers from the server. <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span> may
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater also be specified in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater statement, in which
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater case it overrides the <span class="command"><strong>options allow-transfer</strong></span> statement.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is to allow transfers to all
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>blackhole</strong></span></span></dt>
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater Specifies a list of addresses that the
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater server will not accept queries from or use to resolve a
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater query. Queries
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater from these addresses will not be responded to. The default
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Specifies a list of addresses to which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is applies. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>any</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>keep-response-order</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a list of addresses to which the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will send responses to TCP queries in the same order
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in which they were received. This disables the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein processing of TCP queries in parallel. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>no-case-compress</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a list of addresses which require responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to use case-insensitive compression. This ACL can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used when <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> needs to work with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients that do not comply with the requirement in RFC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1034 to use case-insensitive name comparisons when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checking for matching domain names.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If left undefined, the ACL defaults to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>none</strong></span>: case-insensitive compression
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be used for all clients. If the ACL is defined and
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater matches a client, then case will be ignored when
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater compressing domain names in DNS responses sent to that
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater This can result in slightly smaller responses: if
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater a response contains the names "example.com" and
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater "example.COM", case-insensitive compression would treat
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater the second one as a duplicate. It also ensures
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater that the case of the query name exactly matches the
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater case of the owner names of returned records, rather
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater than matching the case of the records entered in
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater the zone file. This allows responses to exactly
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater match the query, which is required by some clients
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater due to incorrect use of case-sensitive comparisons.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater Case-insensitive compression is <span class="emphasis"><em>always</em></span>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater used in AXFR and IXFR responses, regardless of whether
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater the client matches this ACL.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater There are circumstances in which <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater will not preserve the case of owner names of records:
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater if a zone file defines records of different types with
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater the same name, but the capitalization of the name is
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews "WWW.EXAMPLE.COM/AAAA"), then all responses for that
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater name will use the <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> version
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater of the name that was used in the zone file. This
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater limitation may be addressed in a future release. However,
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater domain names specified in the rdata of resource records
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews (i.e., records of type NS, MX, CNAME, etc) will always
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews have their case preserved unless the client matches this
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>resolver-query-timeout</strong></span></span></dt>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater The amount of time in seconds that the resolver
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews will spend attempting to resolve a recursive
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews query before failing. The default and minimum
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is <code class="literal">10</code> and the maximum is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">0</code> will result in the default
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="interfaces"></a>Interfaces</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews from may be specified using the <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> option. <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> takes
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews an optional port and an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews of IPv4 addresses. (IPv6 addresses are ignored, with a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews logged warning.)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The server will listen on all interfaces allowed by the address
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews match list. If a port is not specified, port 53 will be used.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Multiple <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> statements are
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews For example,
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">listen-on { 5.6.7.8; };
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews will enable the name server on port 53 for the IP address
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater 5.6.7.8, and on port 1234 of an address on the machine in net
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews 1.2 that is not 1.2.3.4.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews If no <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> is specified, the
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews server will listen on port 53 on all IPv4 interfaces.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews The <span class="command"><strong>listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is used to
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater specify the interfaces and the ports on which the server will
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews listen for incoming queries sent using IPv6. If not specified,
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews the server will listen on port 53 on all IPv6 interfaces.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews as the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> for the
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>listen-on-v6</strong></span> option,
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews the server does not bind a separate socket to each IPv6 interface
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews address as it does for IPv4 if the operating system has enough API
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews support for IPv6 (specifically if it conforms to RFC 3493 and RFC
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Instead, it listens on the IPv6 wildcard address.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews If the system only has incomplete API support for IPv6, however,
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews the behavior is the same as that for IPv4.
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews A list of particular IPv6 addresses can also be specified, in
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews the server listens on a separate socket for each specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regardless of whether the desired API is supported by the system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 addresses specified in <span class="command"><strong>listen-on-v6</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be ignored, with a logged warning.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span class="command"><strong>listen-on-v6</strong></span> options can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinlisten-on-v6 port 1234 { !2001:db8::/32; any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will enable the name server on port 53 for any IPv6 addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (with a single wildcard socket),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and on port 1234 of IPv6 addresses that is not in the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 2001:db8::/32 (with separate sockets for each matched address.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To make the server not listen on any IPv6 address, use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { none; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="query_address"></a>Query Address</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the server doesn't know the answer to a question, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query other name servers. <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the address and port used for such queries. For queries sent over
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6, there is a separate <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span class="command"><strong>address</strong></span> is <span class="command"><strong>*</strong></span> (asterisk) or is omitted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a wildcard IP address (<span class="command"><strong>INADDR_ANY</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span> is <span class="command"><strong>*</strong></span> or is omitted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a random port number from a pre-configured
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein range is picked up and will be used for each query.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The port range(s) is that specified in
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews the <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv4)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv6)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options, excluding the ranges specified in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options, respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The defaults of the <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> and
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> options
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">query-source address * port *;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinquery-source-v6 address * port *;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> or
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> is unspecified,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will check if the operating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system provides a programming interface to retrieve the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system's default range for ephemeral ports.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If such an interface is available,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will use the corresponding system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default range; otherwise, it will use its own defaults:
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">use-v4-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrewsuse-v6-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Note: make sure the ranges be sufficiently large for
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews security. A desirable size depends on various parameters,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews but we generally recommend it contain at least 16384 ports
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews (14 bits of entropy).
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Note also that the system's default range when used may be
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews too small for this purpose, and that the range may even be
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater changed while <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is running; the new
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews range will automatically be applied when <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews is reloaded.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater It is encouraged to
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews configure <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> explicitly so that the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews ranges are sufficiently large and are reasonably
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews independent from the ranges used by other applications.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Note: the operational configuration
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater where <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> runs may prohibit the use
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews of some ports. For example, UNIX systems will not allow
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> running without a root privilege
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews to use ports less than 1024.
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater If such ports are included in the specified (or detected)
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews set of query ports, the corresponding query attempts will
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews fail, resulting in resolution failures or delay.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews It is therefore important to configure the set of ports
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews that can be safely used in the expected operational environment.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The defaults of the <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">avoid-v4-udp-ports {};
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrewsavoid-v6-udp-ports {};
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Note: BIND 9.5.0 introduced
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews the <span class="command"><strong>use-queryport-pool</strong></span>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews option to support a pool of such random ports, but this
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews option is now obsolete because reusing the same ports in
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews the pool may not be sufficiently secure.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews For the same reason, it is generally strongly discouraged to
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews specify a particular port for the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> or
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> options;
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews it implicitly disables the use of randomized port numbers.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-queryport-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews This option is obsolete.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>queryport-pool-ports</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews This option is obsolete.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews This option is obsolete.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The address specified in the <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> option
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews is used for both UDP and TCP queries, but the port applies only
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews to UDP queries. TCP queries always use a random
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews unprivileged port.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the source
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews address for TCP sockets.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater See also <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> and
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_transfers"></a>Zone Transfers</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> has mechanisms in place to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews facilitate zone transfers
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and set limits on the amount of load that transfers place on the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews system. The following options apply to zone transfers.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Defines a global list of IP addresses of name servers
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that are also sent NOTIFY messages whenever a fresh copy of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is loaded, in addition to the servers listed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone's NS records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This helps to ensure that copies of the zones will
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews quickly converge on stealth servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Optionally, a port may be specified with each
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> address to send
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the notify messages to a port other than the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews default of 53.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews An optional TSIG key can also be specified with each
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews address to cause the notify messages to be signed; this
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews can be useful when sending notifies to multiple views.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews In place of explicit addresses, one or more named
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> lists can be used.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If an <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> list
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is given in a <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will override
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span class="command"><strong>options also-notify</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement. When a <span class="command"><strong>zone notify</strong></span>
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews is set to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>, the IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses in the global <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> list will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be sent NOTIFY messages for that zone. The default is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews list (no global notification list).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Inbound zone transfers running longer than
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Inbound zone transfers making no progress
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (1 hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Outbound zone transfers running longer than
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews Outbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rate at which NOTIFY requests will be sent
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews during normal zone maintenance operations. (NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests due to initial zone loading are subject
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to a separate rate limit; see below.) The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 20 per second.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The lowest possible rate is one per second; when set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to zero, it will be silently raised to one.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>startup-notify-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rate at which NOTIFY requests will be sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the name server is first starting up, or when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones have been newly added to the nameserver.
276e28f813ffef042d5a6e9f3373ef4e2ad37996Mark Andrews The default is 20 per second.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The lowest possible rate is one per second; when set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to zero, it will be silently raised to one.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>serial-query-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater Slave servers will periodically query master
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater servers to find out if zone serial numbers have
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater changed. Each such query uses a minute amount of
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the slave server's network bandwidth. To limit
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the amount of bandwidth used, BIND 9 limits the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater rate at which queries are sent. The value of the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>serial-query-rate</strong></span> option, an
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater integer, is the maximum number of queries sent
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater per second. The default is 20 per second.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The lowest possible rate is one per second; when set
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater to zero, it will be silently raised to one.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>serial-queries</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater In BIND 8, the <span class="command"><strong>serial-queries</strong></span>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater set the maximum number of concurrent serial number queries
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater allowed to be outstanding at any given time.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater BIND 9 does not limit the number of outstanding
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater serial queries and ignores the <span class="command"><strong>serial-queries</strong></span> option.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Instead, it limits the rate at which the queries are sent
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater as defined using the <span class="command"><strong>serial-query-rate</strong></span> option.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Zone transfers can be sent using two different formats,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>one-answer</strong></span> and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span> option is used
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater on the master server to determine which format it sends.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>one-answer</strong></span> uses one DNS message per
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater resource record transferred.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> packs as many resource
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater records as possible into a message.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> is more efficient, but is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater only supported by relatively new slave servers,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater such as <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater 8.x and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.5 onwards.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> format is also supported by
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater recent Microsoft Windows nameservers.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The default is <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span> may be overridden on a
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater per-server basis by using the <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-message-size</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater This is an upper bound on the uncompressed size of DNS
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater messages used in zone transfers over TCP. If a message
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater grows larger than this size, additional messages will be
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater used to complete the zone transfer. (Note, however,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater that this is a hint, not a hard limit; if a message
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater contains a single resource record whose RDATA does not
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater fit within the size limit, a larger message will be
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater permitted so the record can be transferred.)
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Valid values are between 512 and 65535 octets, and any
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater values outside that range will be adjusted to the nearest
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater value within it. The default is <code class="literal">20480</code>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater which was selected to improve message compression:
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater most DNS messages of this size will compress to less
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater than 16536 bytes. Larger messages cannot be compressed
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater as effectively, because 16536 is the largest permissible
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater compression offset pointer in a DNS message.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater This option is mainly intended for server testing;
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater there is rarely any benefit in setting a value other
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater than the default.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfers-in</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater that can be running concurrently. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Increasing <span class="command"><strong>transfers-in</strong></span> may
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater speed up the convergence
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater of slave zones, but it also may increase the load on the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfers-out</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The maximum number of outbound zone transfers
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater that can be running concurrently. Zone transfer requests in
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater of the limit will be refused. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfers-per-ns</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater that can be concurrently transferring from a given remote
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The default value is <code class="literal">2</code>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Increasing <span class="command"><strong>transfers-per-ns</strong></span>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater speed up the convergence of slave zones, but it also may
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the load on the remote name server. <span class="command"><strong>transfers-per-ns</strong></span> may
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater be overridden on a per-server basis by using the <span class="command"><strong>transfers</strong></span> phrase
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater of the <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statement.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<p><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater determines which local address will be bound to IPv4
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater TCP connections used to fetch zones transferred
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater inbound by the server. It also determines the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater source IPv4 address, and optionally the UDP port,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater used for the refresh queries and forwarded dynamic
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater updates. If not set, it defaults to a system
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater controlled value which will usually be the address
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater of the interface "closest to" the remote end. This
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater address must appear in the remote end's
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span> option for the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater zone being transferred, if one is specified. This
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater statement sets the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> for all zones,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater but can be overridden on a per-view or per-zone
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater basis by including a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> statement within
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The same as <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span>,
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews except zone transfers are performed using IPv6.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> fails and
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you do not wish the alternate transfer source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used, you should set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appropriately and you should not depend upon
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein getting an answer back to the first refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Use the alternate transfer sources or not. If views are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified this defaults to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise it defaults to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span> (for BIND 8
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compatibility).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determines which local source address, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein optionally UDP port, will be used to send NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages. This address must appear in the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> zone clause or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in an <span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span> clause. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement sets the <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all zones, but can be overridden on a per-zone or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-view basis by including a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span> statement within
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Like <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but applies to notify messages sent to IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="port_lists"></a>UDP Port Lists</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify a list of IPv4 and IPv6 UDP ports that will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used or not used as source ports for UDP messages.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#query_address" title="Query Address">the section called “Query Address”</a> about how the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein available ports are determined.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, with the following configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinuse-v6-udp-ports { range 32768 65535; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinavoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews UDP ports of IPv6 messages sent
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews from <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will be in one
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews of the following ranges: 32768 to 39999, 40001 to 49999,
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews and 60001 to 65535.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> can be used
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to prevent <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> from choosing as its random source port a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews port that is blocked by your firewall or a port that is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews used by other applications;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if a query went out with a source port blocked by a
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews firewall, the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews answer would not get by the firewall and the name server would
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater have to query again.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Note: the desired range can also be represented only with
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and the
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>avoid-</strong></span> options are redundant in that
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews sense; they are provided for backward compatibility and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to possibly simplify the port specification.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<a name="resource_limits"></a>Operating System Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server's usage of many system resources can be limited.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Scaled values are allowed when specifying resource limits. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein example, <span class="command"><strong>1G</strong></span> can be used instead of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>1073741824</strong></span> to specify a limit of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein gigabyte. <span class="command"><strong>unlimited</strong></span> requests
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unlimited use, or the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum available amount. <span class="command"><strong>default</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews uses the limit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that was in force when the server was started. See the description
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <span class="command"><strong>size_spec</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements" title="Configuration File Elements">the section called “Configuration File Elements”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following options set operating system resource limits for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name server process. Some operating systems don't support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any of the limits. On such systems, a warning will be issued if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unsupported limit is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>coresize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum size of a core dump. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>datasize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of data memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is a hard limit on server memory usage.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the server attempts to allocate memory in excess of this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limit, the allocation will fail, which may in turn leave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server unable to perform DNS service. Therefore,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this option is rarely useful as a way of limiting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein amount of memory used by the server, but it can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to raise an operating system data size limit that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein too small by default. If you wish to limit the amount
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of memory used by the server, use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>max-cache-size</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>recursive-clients</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options instead.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>files</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of files the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may have open concurrently. The default is <code class="literal">unlimited</code>.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>stacksize</strong></span></span></dt>
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews The maximum amount of stack memory the server
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<a name="server_resource_limits"></a>Server Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews The following options set limits on the server's
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews resource consumption that are enforced internally by the
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews server rather than the operating system.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-ixfr-log-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete; it is accepted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and ignored for BIND 8 compatibility. The option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span> performs a
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater similar function in BIND 9.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Sets a maximum size for each journal file
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#journal" title="The journal file">the section called “The journal file”</a>). When the journal file
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater the specified size, some of the oldest transactions in the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater will be automatically removed. The largest permitted
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater value is 2 gigabytes. The default is
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <code class="literal">unlimited</code>, which also
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater means 2 gigabytes.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater This may also be set on a per-zone basis.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>host-statistics-max</strong></span></span></dt>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater In BIND 8, specifies the maximum number of host statistics
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater entries to be kept.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Not implemented in BIND 9.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>recursive-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The maximum number ("hard quota") of simultaneous
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater recursive lookups the server will perform on behalf
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater of clients. The default is
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <code class="literal">1000</code>. Because each recursing
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater client uses a fair
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater bit of memory (on the order of 20 kilobytes), the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>recursive-clients</strong></span> option may
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater have to be decreased on hosts with limited memory.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <code class="option">recursive-clients</code> defines a "hard
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater quota" limit for pending recursive clients: when more
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater clients than this are pending, new incoming requests
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater will not be accepted, and for each incoming request
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater a previous pending request will also be dropped.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater A "soft quota" is also set. When this lower
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater quota is exceeded, incoming requests are accepted, but
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater for each one, a pending request will be dropped.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater If <code class="option">recursive-clients</code> is greater than
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater 1000, the soft quota is set to
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <code class="option">recursive-clients</code> minus 100;
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater otherwise it is set to 90% of
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <code class="option">recursive-clients</code>.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tcp-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The maximum number of simultaneous client TCP
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater connections that the server will accept.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The default is <code class="literal">100</code>.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<a name="clients-per-query"></a><span class="term"><a name="cpq_term"></a><span class="command"><strong>clients-per-query</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-clients-per-query</strong></span></span>
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews<p>These set the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein initial value (minimum) and maximum number of recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein simultaneous clients for any given query
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce (<qname,qtype,qclass>) that the server will accept
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before dropping additional clients. <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will attempt to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein self tune this value and changes will be logged. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default values are 10 and 100.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This value should reflect how many queries come in for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a given name in the time it takes to resolve that name.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews If the number of queries exceed this value, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews assume that it is dealing with a non-responsive zone
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews and will drop additional queries. If it gets a response
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews after dropping queries, it will raise the estimate. The
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews estimate will then be lowered in 20 minutes if it has
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews remained unchanged.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews If <span class="command"><strong>clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then there is no limit on the number of clients per query
dcb551033f0b33eb5c113169750a61084d8250a1Mark Andrews and no queries will be dropped.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews If <span class="command"><strong>max-clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews then there is no upper bound other than imposed by
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>recursive-clients</strong></span>.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews<a name="fetches-per-zone"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-zone</strong></span></span>
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater The maximum number of simultaneous iterative
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater queries to any one domain that the server will
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater permit before blocking new queries for data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in or beneath that zone.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater This value should reflect how many fetches would
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater normally be sent to any one zone in the time it
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater would take to resolve them. It should be smaller
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater than <code class="option">recursive-clients</code>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater When many clients simultaneously query for the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater same name and type, the clients will all be attached
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater to the same fetch, up to the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="option">max-clients-per-query</code> limit,
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater and only one iterative query will be sent.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater However, when clients are simultaneously
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater querying for <span class="emphasis"><em>different</em></span> names
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater or types, multiple queries will be sent and
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="option">max-clients-per-query</code> is not
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater effective as a limit.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Optionally, this value may be followed by the keyword
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater <code class="literal">drop</code> or <code class="literal">fail</code>,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater indicating whether queries which exceed the fetch
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater quota for a zone will be dropped with no response,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater or answered with SERVFAIL. The default is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater If <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-zone</strong></span> is set to zero,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater then there is no limit on the number of fetches per query
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater and no queries will be dropped. The default is zero.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The current list of active fetches can be dumped by
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater running <span class="command"><strong>rndc recursing</strong></span>. The list
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater includes the number of active fetches for each
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater domain and the number of queries that have been
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater passed or dropped as a result of the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="option">fetches-per-zone</code> limit. (Note:
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater these counters are not cumulative over time; whenever
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the number of active fetches for a domain drops to
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater zero, the counter for that domain is deleted, and the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater next time a fetch is sent to that domain, it is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater recreated with the counters set to zero.)
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<a name="fetches-per-server"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The maximum number of simultaneous iterative
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater queries that the server will allow to be sent to
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater a single upstream name server before blocking
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater additional queries.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater This value should reflect how many fetches would
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater normally be sent to any one server in the time it
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater would take to resolve them. It should be smaller
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater than <code class="option">recursive-clients</code>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Optionally, this value may be followed by the keyword
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="literal">drop</code> or <code class="literal">fail</code>,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater indicating whether queries will be dropped with no
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater response, or answered with SERVFAIL, when all of the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater servers authoritative for a zone are found to have
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater exceeded the per-server quota. The default is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater If <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span> is set to zero,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater then there is no limit on the number of fetches per query
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater and no queries will be dropped. The default is zero.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span> quota is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater dynamically adjusted in response to detected
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater congestion. As queries are sent to a server
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater and are either answered or time out, an
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater exponentially weighted moving average is calculated
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater of the ratio of timeouts to responses. If the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater current average timeout ratio rises above a "high"
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater threshold, then <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater is reduced for that server. If the timeout ratio
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater drops below a "low" threshold, then
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span> is increased.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>fetch-quota-params</strong></span> options
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater can be used to adjust the parameters for this
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fetch-quota-params</strong></span></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Sets the parameters to use for dynamic resizing of
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the <code class="option">fetches-per-server</code> quota in
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater response to detected congestion.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The first argument is an integer value indicating
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater how frequently to recalculate the moving average
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater of the ratio of timeouts to responses for each
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater server. The default is 100, meaning we recalculate
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the average ratio after every 100 queries have either
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater been answered or timed out.
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater The remaining three arguments represent the "low"
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater threshold (defaulting to a timeout ratio of 0.1),
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater the "high" threshold (defaulting to a timeout
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater ratio of 0.3), and the discount rate for
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater the moving average (defaulting to 0.7).
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater A higher discount rate causes recent events to
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater weigh more heavily when calculating the moving
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater average; a lower discount rate causes past
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater events to weigh more heavily, smoothing out
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater short-term blips in the timeout ratio.
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater These arguments are all fixed-point numbers with
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater precision of 1/100: at most two places after
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater the decimal point are significant.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>reserved-sockets</strong></span></span></dt>
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater The number of file descriptors reserved for TCP, stdio,
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater etc. This needs to be big enough to cover the number of
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater interfaces <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> listens on, <span class="command"><strong>tcp-clients</strong></span> as well as
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater to provide room for outgoing TCP queries and incoming zone
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater transfers. The default is <code class="literal">512</code>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater The minimum value is <code class="literal">128</code> and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum value is <code class="literal">128</code> less than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maxsockets (-S). This option may be removed in the future.
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews This option has little effect on Windows.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-cache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of memory to use for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's cache, in bytes or % of total physical memory.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce When the amount of data in the cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reaches this limit, the server will cause records to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire prematurely based on an LRU based strategy so
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that the limit is not exceeded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The keyword <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>,
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater or the value 0, will place no limit on cache size;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records will be purged from the cache only when their
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TTLs expire.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Any positive values less than 2MB will be ignored
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews and reset to 2MB.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separately to the cache of each view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>90%</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein On systems where detection of amount of physical
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein memory is not supported values represented as %
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fall back to unlimited.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that the detection of physical memory is done only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein once at startup, so <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein adjust the cache size if the amount of physical memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is changed during runtime.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tcp-listen-queue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The listen queue depth. The default and minimum is 10.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the kernel supports the accept filter "dataready" this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also controls how
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein many TCP connections that will be queued in kernel space
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein some data before being passed to accept. Nonzero values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein less than 10 will be silently raised. A value of 0 may also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used; on most platforms this sets the listen queue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein length to a system-defined default value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="intervals"></a>Periodic Task Intervals</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This interval is effectively obsolete. Previously,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server would remove expired resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the cache every <span class="command"><strong>cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 now manages cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein memory in a more sophisticated manner and does not
d01e14dc0bfc700a8d72e9676fc8aa66c237151fAutomatic Updater rely on the periodic cleaning any more.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying this option therefore has no effect on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server's behavior.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>heartbeat-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will perform zone maintenance tasks
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all zones marked as <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span> whenever this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interval expires. The default is 60 minutes. Reasonable
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are up
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to 1 day (1440 minutes). The maximum value is 28 days
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no zone maintenance for these zones will occur.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>interface-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will scan the network interface list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span class="command"><strong>interface-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is 60 minutes. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, interface scanning will only occur when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the configuration file is loaded. After the scan, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begin listening for queries on any newly discovered
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces (provided they are allowed by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> configuration), and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop listening on interfaces that have gone away.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Name server statistics will be logged
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span class="command"><strong>statistics-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 60. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no statistics will be logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not yet implemented in
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<a name="topology"></a>Topology</h4></div></div></div>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater All other things being equal, when the server chooses a name
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce to query from a list of name servers, it prefers the one that is
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce topologically closest to itself. The <span class="command"><strong>topology</strong></span> statement
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce takes an <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span> and
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce interprets it
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce in a special way. Each top-level list element is assigned a
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Non-negated elements get a distance based on their position in the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater list, where the closer the match is to the start of the list, the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater shorter the distance is between it and the server. A negated match
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce will be assigned the maximum distance from the server. If there
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson is no match, the address will get a distance which is further than
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson any non-negated list element, and closer than any negated element.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce For example,
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce will prefer servers on network 10 the most, followed by hosts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on network 1.2.0.0 (netmask 255.255.0.0) and network 3, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exception of hosts on network 1.2.3 (netmask 255.255.255.0), which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is preferred least of all.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default topology is
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"> topology { localhost; localnets; };
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>topology</strong></span> option
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater is not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_sortlist_statement"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> Statement</h4></div></div></div>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews The response to a DNS query may consist of multiple resource
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews records (RRs) forming a resource records set (RRset).
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater The name server will normally return the
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews RRs within the RRset in an indeterminate order
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews (but see the <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews statement in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>).
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater The client resolver code should rearrange the RRs as appropriate,
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews that is, using any addresses on the local net in preference to
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews other addresses.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews However, not all resolvers can do this or are correctly
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews When a client is using a local server, the sorting can be performed
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews in the server, based on the client's address. This only requires
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews configuring the name servers, not all the clients.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews The <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> statement (see below)
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews an <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span> and
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater interprets it even
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater more specifically than the <span class="command"><strong>topology</strong></span>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater does (<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#topology" title="Topology">the section called “Topology”</a>).
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Each top level statement in the <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> must
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews itself be an explicit <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span> with
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews one or two elements. The first element (which may be an IP
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews an IP prefix, an ACL name or a nested <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span>)
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews of each top level list is checked against the source address of
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the query until a match is found.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Once the source address of the query has been matched, if
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews the top level statement contains only one element, the actual
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews element that matched the source address is used to select the
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews in the response to move to the beginning of the response. If the
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews statement is a list of two elements, then the second element is
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews treated the same as the <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span> in
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews a <span class="command"><strong>topology</strong></span> statement. Each top
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater is assigned a distance and the address in the response with the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater distance is moved to the beginning of the response.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews In the following example, any queries received from any of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the addresses of the host itself will get responses preferring
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on any of the locally connected networks. Next most preferred are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the 192.168.1/24 network, and after that either the
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater 192.168.3/24 network with no preference shown between these two
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein networks. Queries received from a host on the 192.168.1/24 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer other addresses on that network to the 192.168.2/24
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater 192.168.3/24 networks. Queries received from a host on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the 192.168.5/24 network will only prefer other addresses on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein their directly connected networks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF the local host
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // THEN first fit on the following nets
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews { localhost;
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews { localnets;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.1 THEN use .1, or .2 or .3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.2 THEN use .2, or .1 or .3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.3 THEN use .3, or .1 or .2
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF .4 or .5 THEN prefer that net
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews The following example will give reasonable behavior for the
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews local host and hosts on directly connected networks. It is similar
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews to the behavior of the address sort in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.x. Responses sent
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews to queries from the local host will favor any of the directly
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews networks. Responses sent to queries from any other hosts on a
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews connected network will prefer addresses on that same network.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews to other queries will not be sorted.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews { localhost; localnets; };
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews { localnets; };
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<a name="rrset_ordering"></a>RRset Ordering</h4></div></div></div>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews When multiple records are returned in an answer it may be
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews useful to configure the order of the records placed into the
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews The <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span> statement permits
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater of the ordering of the records in a multiple record response.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews See also the <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> statement,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews An <span class="command"><strong>order_spec</strong></span> is defined as
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional">class <em class="replaceable"><code>class_name</code></em></span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional">type <em class="replaceable"><code>type_name</code></em></span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional">name <em class="replaceable"><code>"domain_name"</code></em></span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews order <em class="replaceable"><code>ordering</code></em>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews If no class is specified, the default is <span class="command"><strong>ANY</strong></span>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews If no type is specified, the default is <span class="command"><strong>ANY</strong></span>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews If no name is specified, the default is "<span class="command"><strong>*</strong></span>" (asterisk).
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews The legal values for <span class="command"><strong>ordering</strong></span> are:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>fixed</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in the order they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are defined in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>random</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in some random order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>cyclic</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in a cyclic round-robin order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> is configured with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "--enable-fixed-rrset" option at compile time, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the initial ordering of the RRset will match the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one specified in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class IN type A name "host.example.com" order random;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order cyclic;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will cause any responses for type A records in class IN that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have "<code class="literal">host.example.com</code>" as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein suffix, to always be returned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in random order. All other records are returned in cyclic order.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews If multiple <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span> statements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appear, they are not combined — the last one applies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By default, all records are returned in random order.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In this release of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span> statement does not support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "fixed" ordering by default. Fixed ordering can be enabled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at compile time by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" on
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater the "configure" command line.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="tuning"></a>Tuning</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>lame-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the number of seconds to cache a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lame server indication. 0 disables caching. (This is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="bold"><strong>NOT</strong></span> recommended.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <code class="literal">600</code> (10 minutes) and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum value is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>servfail-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
c60793c77f6b6b8b66ad57c73cd7eb67e8d7ff6fAndreas Gustafsson Sets the number of seconds to cache a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SERVFAIL response due to DNSSEC validation failure or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein other general server failure. If set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">0</code>, SERVFAIL caching is disabled.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The SERVFAIL cache is not consulted if a query has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the CD (Checking Disabled) bit set; this allows a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query that failed due to DNSSEC validation to be retried
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein without waiting for the SERVFAIL TTL to expire.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The maximum value is <code class="literal">30</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein seconds; any higher value will be silently
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reduced. The default is <code class="literal">1</code>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To reduce network traffic and increase performance,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews the server stores negative answers. <span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to set a maximum retention time for these answers in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in seconds. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is <code class="literal">10800</code> seconds (3 hours).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> cannot exceed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 7 days and will
c60793c77f6b6b8b66ad57c73cd7eb67e8d7ff6fAndreas Gustafsson be silently truncated to 7 days if set to a greater value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-cache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum time for which the server will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache ordinary (positive) answers in seconds.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 604800 (one week).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A value of zero may cause all queries to return
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews SERVFAIL, because of lost caches of intermediate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRsets (such as NS and glue AAAA/A records) in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolution process.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-roots</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The minimum number of root servers that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is required for a request for the root servers to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein accepted. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>2</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the number of days into the future when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC signatures automatically generated as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein result of dynamic updates (<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dynamic_update" title="Dynamic Update">the section called “Dynamic Update”</a>) will expire. There
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is an optional second field which specifies how
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein long before expiry that the signatures will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regenerated. If not specified, the signatures will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be regenerated at 1/4 of base interval. The second
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field is specified in days if the base interval is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein greater than 7 days otherwise it is specified in hours.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default base interval is <code class="literal">30</code> days
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein giving a re-signing interval of 7 1/2 days. The maximum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are 10 years (3660 days).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The signature inception time is unconditionally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to one hour before the current time to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a limited amount of clock skew.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be, at least, several multiples of the SOA
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire interval to allow for reasonable interaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein between the various timer and expiry dates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the maximum number of nodes to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein examined in each quantum when signing a zone with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a new DNSKEY. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify a threshold number of signatures that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will terminate processing a quantum when signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone with a new DNSKEY. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify a private RDATA type to be used when generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein signing state records. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is expected that this parameter may be removed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a future version once there is a standard type.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Signing state records are used to internally by
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to track the current state of
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater a zone-signing process, i.e., whether it is still active
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater or has been completed. The records can be inspected
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater using the command
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -list <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> has finished signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone with a particular key, the signing state
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record associated with that key can be removed from
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater the zone by running
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -clear <em class="replaceable"><code>keyid/algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater To clear all of the completed signing state
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater records for a zone, use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -clear all <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater These options control the server's behavior on refreshing a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (querying for SOA changes) or retrying failed transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usually the SOA values for the zone are used, but these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are set by the master, giving slave server administrators
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control over their contents.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options allow the administrator to set a minimum and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum refresh and retry time in seconds per-zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-view, or globally.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options are valid for slave and stub zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and clamp the SOA refresh and retry times to the specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following defaults apply.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>min-refresh-time</strong></span> 300 seconds,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>max-refresh-time</strong></span> 2419200 seconds
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (4 weeks), <span class="command"><strong>min-retry-time</strong></span> 500 seconds,
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater and <span class="command"><strong>max-retry-time</strong></span> 1209600 seconds
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum advertised EDNS UDP buffer size in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein bytes, to control the size of packets received from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative servers in response to recursive queries.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this range
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be silently adjusted to the nearest value within
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews it). The default value is 4096.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews The usual reason for setting
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is to get UDP answers to pass through broken firewalls
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that block fragmented packets and/or block UDP DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> first queries a remote
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server, it will advertise a UDP buffer size of 512, as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this has the greatest chance of success on the first try.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the initial response times out, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will try again with plain DNS, and if that is successful,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will be taken as evidence that the server does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein support EDNS. After enough failures using EDNS and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein successes using plain DNS, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will default to plain DNS for future communications
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with that server. (Periodically, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will send an EDNS query to see if the situation has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, if the initial query is successful with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS advertising a buffer size of 512, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will advertise progressively
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein larger buffer sizes on successive queries, until
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein responses begin timing out or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span> is reached.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default buffer sizes used by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are 512, 1232, 1432, and 4096, but never exceeding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span>. (The values 1232 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1432 are chosen to allow for an IPv4/IPv6 encapsulated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein UDP message to be sent without fragmentation at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minimum MTU sizes for Ethernet and IPv6 networks.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum EDNS UDP message size
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will send in bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein range will be silently adjusted to the nearest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value within it). The default value is 4096.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This value applies to responses sent by a server; to
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater set the advertised buffer size in queries, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span>.
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews The usual reason for setting
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>max-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is independent of the advertised receive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein buffer (<span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span>).
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews Setting this to a low value will encourage additional
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews TCP traffic to the nameserver.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews the file format of zone files (see
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format" title="Additional File Formats">the section called “Additional File Formats”</a>).
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The default value is <code class="constant">text</code>, which is the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews standard textual representation, except for slave zones,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews in which the default value is <code class="constant">raw</code>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Files in other formats than <code class="constant">text</code> are
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews typically expected to be generated by the
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>named-compilezone</strong></span> tool, or dumped by
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews Note that when a zone file in a different format than
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater <code class="constant">text</code> is loaded, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater may omit some of the checks which would be performed for a
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater file in the <code class="constant">text</code> format. In particular,
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span> checks do not apply
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater for the <code class="constant">raw</code> format. This means
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews a zone file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews must be generated with the same check level as that
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews specified in the <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> configuration
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews file. Also, <code class="constant">map</code> format files are
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews loaded directly into memory via memory mapping, with only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minimal checking.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This statement sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span> for all zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but can be overridden on a per-zone or per-view basis
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by including a <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement within the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>masterfile-style</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the formatting of zone files during dump
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the <code class="option">masterfile-format</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="constant">text</code>. (This option is ignored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with any other <code class="option">masterfile-format</code>.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When set to <code class="constant">relative</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records are printed in a multi-line format with owner
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein names expressed relative to a shared origin. When set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <code class="constant">full</code>, records are printed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a single-line format with absolute owner names.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="constant">full</code> format is most suitable
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when a zone file needs to be processed automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by a script. The <code class="constant">relative</code> format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is more human-readable, and is thus suitable when a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is to be edited by hand. The default is
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<a name="max-recursion-depth"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-recursion-depth</strong></span></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Sets the maximum number of levels of recursion
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater that are permitted at any one time while servicing
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater a recursive query. Resolving a name may require
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater looking up a name server address, which in turn
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requires resolving another name, etc; if the number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of indirections exceeds this value, the recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query is terminated and returns SERVFAIL. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default is 7.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="max-recursion-queries"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-recursion-queries</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum number of iterative queries that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be sent while servicing a recursive query.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If more queries are sent, the recursive query
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews is terminated and returns SERVFAIL. Queries to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein look up top level domains such as "com" and "net"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the DNS root zone are exempt from this limitation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 75.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The delay, in seconds, between sending sets of notify
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews messages for a zone. The default is five (5) seconds.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The overall rate that NOTIFY messages are sent for all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones is controlled by <span class="command"><strong>serial-query-rate</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-rsa-exponent-size</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The maximum RSA exponent size, in bits, that will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be accepted when validating. Valid values are 35
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews to 4096 bits. The default zero (0) is also accepted
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews and is equivalent to 4096.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>prefetch</strong></span></span></dt>
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater When a query is received for cached data which
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater is to expire shortly, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> can
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater refresh the data from the authoritative server
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater immediately, ensuring that the cache always has an
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater answer available.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="option">prefetch</code> specifies the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "trigger" TTL value at which prefetch of the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query will take place: when a cache record with a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lower TTL value is encountered during query processing,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will be refreshed. Valid trigger TTL values are 1 to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 10 seconds. Values larger than 10 seconds will be silently
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reduced to 10.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting a trigger TTL to zero (0) causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prefetch to be disabled.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default trigger TTL is <code class="literal">2</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An optional second argument specifies the "eligibility"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TTL: the smallest <span class="emphasis"><em>original</em></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TTL value that will be accepted for a record to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein eligible for prefetching. The eligibility TTL must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be at least six seconds longer than the trigger TTL;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if it isn't, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will silently
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein adjust it upward.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default eligibility TTL is <code class="literal">9</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>v6-bias</strong></span></span></dt>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews When determining the next nameserver to try
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews preference IPv6 nameservers by this many milliseconds.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews The default is <code class="literal">50</code> milliseconds.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews<a name="builtin"></a>Built-in server information zones</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server provides some helpful diagnostic information
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through a number of built-in zones under the
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews pseudo-top-level-domain <code class="literal">bind</code> in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span> class. These zones are part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built-in view (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar" title="view Statement Grammar">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>) of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span> which is separate from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default view of class <span class="command"><strong>IN</strong></span>. Most global
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration options (<span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein etc) will apply to this view, but some are locally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein overridden: <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>recursion</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>allow-new-zones</strong></span> are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein always set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> is set to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three responses per second.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you need to disable these zones, use the options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below, or hide the built-in <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater defining an explicit view of class <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater that matches all clients.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>version</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The version the server should report
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater via a query of the name <code class="literal">version.bind</code>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater with type <span class="command"><strong>TXT</strong></span>, class <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The default is the real version number of this server.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Specifying <span class="command"><strong>version none</strong></span>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater disables processing of the queries.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>hostname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The hostname the server should report via a query of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name <code class="filename">hostname.bind</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with type <span class="command"><strong>TXT</strong></span>, class <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews This defaults to the hostname of the machine hosting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name server as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein found by the gethostname() function. The primary purpose of such queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews answering your queries. Specifying <span class="command"><strong>hostname none;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>server-id</strong></span></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews The ID the server should report when receiving a Name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Server Identifier (NSID) query, or a query of the name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">ID.SERVER</code> with type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>TXT</strong></span>, class <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary purpose of such queries is to
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering your queries. Specifying <span class="command"><strong>server-id none;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span class="command"><strong>server-id hostname;</strong></span> will cause <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use the hostname as found by the gethostname() function.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews The default <span class="command"><strong>server-id</strong></span> is <span class="command"><strong>none</strong></span>.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="empty"></a>Built-in Empty Zones</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server has some built-in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein empty zones (SOA and NS records only).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These are for zones that should normally be answered locally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and which queries should not be sent to the Internet's root
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers. The official servers which cover these namespaces
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein return NXDOMAIN responses to these queries. In particular,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein these cover the reverse namespaces for addresses from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 1918, RFC 4193, RFC 5737 and RFC 6598. They also include the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reverse namespace for IPv6 local address (locally assigned),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 link local addresses, the IPv6 loopback address and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 unknown address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will attempt to determine if a built-in zone
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater already exists or is active (covered by a forward-only
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater forwarding declaration) and will not create an empty
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater zone in that case.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The current list of empty zones is:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">19.172.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">20.172.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">21.172.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">22.172.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">23.172.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">24.172.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">25.172.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">26.172.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">27.172.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">28.172.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">29.172.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">30.172.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">31.172.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">168.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">64.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">65.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">66.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">67.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">68.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">69.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">70.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">71.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">72.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">73.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">74.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">75.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">76.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">77.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">78.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">79.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater<li class="listitem">90.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater<li class="listitem">91.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater<li class="listitem">92.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater<li class="listitem">93.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater<li class="listitem">94.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">113.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">114.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">115.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">116.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">117.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">118.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">119.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">120.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li class="listitem">100.51.198.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">113.0.203.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">255.255.255.255.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">8.B.D.0.1.0.0.2.IP6.ARPA</li>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Empty zones are settable at the view level and only apply to
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater views of class IN. Disabled empty zones are only inherited
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater from options if there are no disabled empty zones specified
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater at the view level. To override the options list of disabled
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater zones, you can disable the root zone at the view level, for example:
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater disable-empty-zone ".";
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater If you are using the address ranges covered here, you should
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater already have reverse zones covering the addresses you use.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater In practice this appears to not be the case with many queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein being made to the infrastructure servers for names in these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein spaces. So many in fact that sacrificial servers were needed
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater to be deployed to channel the query load away from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein infrastructure servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The real parent servers for these zones should disable all
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater empty zone under the parent zone they serve. For the real
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater root servers, this is all built-in empty zones. This will
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater enable them to return referrals to deeper in the tree.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>empty-server</strong></span></span></dt>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews Specify what server name will appear in the returned
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone's name will be used.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>empty-contact</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Specify what contact name will appear in the returned
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews "." will be used.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>empty-zones-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Enable or disable all empty zones. By default, they
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews are enabled.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>disable-empty-zone</strong></span></span></dt>
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews Disable individual empty zones. By default, none are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disabled. This option can be specified multiple times.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews<a name="acache"></a>Additional Section Caching</h4></div></div></div>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews The additional section cache, also called <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span>,
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews is an internal cache to improve the response performance of BIND 9.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater When additional section caching is enabled, BIND 9 will
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater cache an internal short-cut to the additional section content for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein each answer RR.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span> is an internal caching
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein mechanism of BIND 9, and is not related to the DNS caching
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server function.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Additional section caching does not change the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response content (except the RRsets ordering of the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein section, see below), but can improve the response performance
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein significantly.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is particularly effective when BIND 9 acts as an authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server for a zone that has many delegations with many glue RRs.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In order to obtain the maximum performance improvement
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews from additional section caching, setting
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache</strong></span>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span> is recommended, since the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein implementation of <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein does not short-cut of additional section information from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS cache data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One obvious disadvantage of <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that it requires much more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein memory for the internal cached data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Thus, if the response performance does not matter and memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein consumption is much more critical, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span> mechanism can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disabled by setting <span class="command"><strong>acache-enable</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews It is also possible to specify the upper limit of memory
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews for acache by using <span class="command"><strong>max-acache-size</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Additional section caching also has a minor effect on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRset ordering in the additional section.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater Without <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span>,
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>cyclic</strong></span> order is effective for the additional
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater section as well as the answer and authority sections.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater However, additional section caching fixes the ordering when it
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater first caches an RRset for the additional section, and the same
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater ordering will be kept in succeeding responses, regardless of the
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater setting of <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span>.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater The effect of this should be minor, however, since an
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater RRset in the additional section
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater typically only contains a small number of RRs (and in many cases
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater it only contains a single RR), in which case the
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater ordering does not matter much.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater The following is a summary of options related to
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span>.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>acache-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater If <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>, additional section caching is
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater enabled. The default value is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will remove stale cache entries, based on an LRU
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein algorithm, every <span class="command"><strong>acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 60 minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no periodic cleaning will occur.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-acache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews The maximum amount of memory in bytes to use for the server's acache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the amount of data in the acache reaches this limit,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will clean more aggressively so that the limit is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separately to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein acache of each view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <code class="literal">16M</code>.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews<a name="content_filtering"></a>Content Filtering</h4></div></div></div>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides the ability to filter
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews out DNS responses from external DNS servers containing
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews certain types of data in the answer section.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Specifically, it can reject address (A or AAAA) records if
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews the corresponding IPv4 or IPv6 addresses match the given
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews It can also reject CNAME or DNAME records if the "alias"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name (i.e., the CNAME alias or the substituted query name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein due to DNAME) matches the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein given <code class="varname">namelist</code> of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-aliases</strong></span> option, where
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews "match" means the alias name is a subdomain of one of
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews the <code class="varname">name_list</code> elements.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews If the optional <code class="varname">namelist</code> is specified
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews with <span class="command"><strong>except-from</strong></span>, records whose query name
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews matches the list will be accepted regardless of the filter
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Likewise, if the alias name is a subdomain of the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews corresponding zone, the <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews filter will not apply;
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews for example, even if "example.com" is specified for
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>,
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">www.example.com. CNAME xxx.example.com.</pre>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews returned by an "example.com" server will be accepted.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews In the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option, only
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews are meaningful;
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews any <code class="varname">key_id</code> will be silently ignored.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews If a response message is rejected due to the filtering,
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews the entire message is discarded without being cached, and
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews a SERVFAIL error will be returned to the client.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews This filtering is intended to prevent "DNS rebinding attacks," in
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews which an attacker, in response to a query for a domain name the
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews attacker controls, returns an IP address within your own network or
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews an alias name within your own domain.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews A naive web browser or script could then serve as an
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews unintended proxy, allowing the attacker
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews to get access to an internal node of your local network
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews that couldn't be externally accessed otherwise.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews See the paper available at
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <a class="link" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1315245.1315298" target="_top">
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1315245.1315298
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews for more details about the attacks.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews For example, if you own a domain named "example.net" and
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews your internal network uses an IPv4 prefix 192.0.2.0/24,
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews you might specify the following rules:
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">deny-answer-addresses { 192.0.2.0/24; } except-from { "example.net"; };
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrewsdeny-answer-aliases { "example.net"; };
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews If an external attacker lets a web browser in your local
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews network look up an IPv4 address of "attacker.example.com",
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews the attacker's DNS server would return a response like this:
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">attacker.example.com. A 192.0.2.1</pre>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews in the answer section.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews Since the rdata of this record (the IPv4 address) matches
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews the specified prefix 192.0.2.0/24, this response will be
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews On the other hand, if the browser looks up a legitimate
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews internal web server "www.example.net" and the
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews following response is returned to
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">www.example.net. A 192.0.2.2</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will be accepted since the owner name "www.example.net"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matches the <span class="command"><strong>except-from</strong></span> element,
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Note that this is not really an attack on the DNS per se.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater In fact, there is nothing wrong for an "external" name to
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater be mapped to your "internal" IP address or domain name
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater from the DNS point of view.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater It might actually be provided for a legitimate purpose,
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater such as for debugging.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater As long as the mapping is provided by the correct owner,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is not possible or does not make sense to detect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whether the intent of the mapping is legitimate or not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein within the DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The "rebinding" attack must primarily be protected at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein application that uses the DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a large site, however, it may be difficult to protect
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater all possible applications at once.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This filtering feature is provided only to help such an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operational environment;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is generally discouraged to turn it on unless you are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein very sure you have no other choice and the attack is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein real threat for your applications.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Care should be particularly taken if you want to use this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option for addresses within 127.0.0.0/8.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These addresses are obviously "internal", but many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein applications conventionally rely on a DNS mapping from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein some name to such an address.
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater Filtering out DNS records containing this address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein spuriously can break such applications.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="rpz"></a>Response Policy Zone (RPZ) Rewriting</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 includes a limited
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein mechanism to modify DNS responses for requests
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein analogous to email anti-spam DNS blacklists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses can be changed to deny the existence of domains (NXDOMAIN),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein deny the existence of IP addresses for domains (NODATA),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or contain other IP addresses or data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Response policy zones are named in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option for the view or among the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global options if there is no response-policy option for the view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Response policy zones are ordinary DNS zones containing RRsets
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be queried normally if allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is usually best to restrict those queries with something like
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>allow-query { localhost; };</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that zones using <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format map</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot be used as policy zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option can support
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews multiple policy zones. To maximize performance, a radix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein tree is used to quickly identify response policy zones
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein containing triggers that match the current query. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein imposes an upper limit of 32 on the number of policy zones
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a single <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option; more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than that is a configuration error.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Five policy triggers can be encoded in RPZ records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RPZ-CLIENT-IP</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP records are triggered by the IP address of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Client IP address triggers are encoded in records that have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein owner names that are subdomains of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>rpz-client-ip</strong></span> relativized to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein policy zone origin name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and encode an address or address block.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 addresses are represented as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>prefixlength.B4.B3.B2.B1.rpz-client-ip</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The IPv4 prefix length must be between 1 and 32.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All four bytes, B4, B3, B2, and B1, must be present.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews B4 is the decimal value of the least significant byte of the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews IPv4 address as in IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 addresses are encoded in a format similar
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the standard IPv6 text representation,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>prefixlength.W8.W7.W6.W5.W4.W3.W2.W1.rpz-client-ip</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each of W8,...,W1 is a one to four digit hexadecimal number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein representing 16 bits of the IPv6 address as in the standard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein text representation of IPv6 addresses, but reversed as in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP6.ARPA. (Note that this representation of IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address is different from IP6.ARPA where each hex
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein digit occupies a label.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All 8 words must be present except when one set of consecutive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zero words is replaced with <strong class="userinput"><code>.zz.</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein analogous to double colons (::) in standard IPv6 text
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The IPv6 prefix length must be between 1 and 128.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>QNAME</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein QNAME policy records are triggered by query names of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests and targets of CNAME records resolved to generate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The owner name of a QNAME policy record is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the query name relativized to the policy zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RPZ-IP</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews IP triggers are IP addresses in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A or AAAA record in the ANSWER section of a response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein They are encoded like client-IP triggers except as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein subdomains of <span class="command"><strong>rpz-ip</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RPZ-NSDNAME</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NSDNAME triggers match names of authoritative servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the query name, a parent of the query name, a CNAME for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query name, or a parent of a CNAME.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein They are encoded as subdomains of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>rpz-nsdname</strong></span> relativized
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the RPZ origin name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NSIP triggers match IP addresses in A and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein AAAA RRsets for domains that can be checked against NSDNAME
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein policy records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RPZ-NSIP</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NSIP triggers match the IP addresses of authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers. They are enncoded like IP triggers, except as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein subdomains of <span class="command"><strong>rpz-nsip</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NSDNAME and NSIP triggers are checked only for names with at
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews least <span class="command"><strong>min-ns-dots</strong></span> dots.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default value of <span class="command"><strong>min-ns-dots</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1, to exclude top level domains.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a name server's IP address is not yet known,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will recursively look up
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the IP address before applying an RPZ-NSIP rule.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This can cause a processing delay. To speed up
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein processing at the cost of precision, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>nsip-wait-recurse</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be used: when set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RPZ-NSIP rules will only be applied when a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers's IP address has already been looked up and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cached. If a server's IP address is not in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache, then the RPZ-NSIP rule will be ignored,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but the address will be looked up in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein background, and the rule will be applied
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to subsequent queries. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, meaning RPZ-NSIP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rules should always be applied even if an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address needs to be looked up first.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The query response is checked against all response policy zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein so two or more policy records can be triggered by a response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Because DNS responses are rewritten according to at most one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein policy record, a single record encoding an action (other than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>DISABLED</strong></span> actions) must be chosen.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Triggers or the records that encode them are chosen for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rewriting in the following order:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li class="listitem">Choose the triggered record in the zone that appears
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein first in the <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li class="listitem">Prefer CLIENT-IP to QNAME to IP to NSDNAME to NSIP
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews triggers in a single zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li class="listitem">Among NSDNAME triggers, prefer the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein trigger that matches the smallest name under the DNSSEC ordering.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li class="listitem">Among IP or NSIP triggers, prefer the trigger
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the longest prefix.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li class="listitem">Among triggers with the same prefix length,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prefer the IP or NSIP trigger that matches
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the smallest IP address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the processing of a response is restarted to resolve
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNAME or CNAME records and a policy record set has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not been triggered,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all response policy zones are again consulted for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNAME or CNAME names and addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RPZ record sets are any types of DNS record except
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNAME or DNSSEC that encode actions or responses to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein individual queries.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Any of the policies can be used with any of the triggers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, while the <span class="command"><strong>TCP-only</strong></span> policy is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein commonly used with <span class="command"><strong>client-IP</strong></span> triggers,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it can be used with any type of trigger to force the use of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TCP for responses with owner names in a zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>PASSTHRU</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The whitelist policy is specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by a CNAME whose target is <span class="command"><strong>rpz-passthru</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It causes the response to not be rewritten
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and is most often used to "poke holes" in policies for
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews CIDR blocks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>DROP</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The blacklist policy is specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by a CNAME whose target is <span class="command"><strong>rpz-drop</strong></span>.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater It causes the response to be discarded.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Nothing is sent to the DNS client.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>TCP-Only</strong></span></span></dt>
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater The "slip" policy is specified
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater by a CNAME whose target is <span class="command"><strong>rpz-tcp-only</strong></span>.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater It changes UDP responses to short, truncated DNS responses
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater that require the DNS client to try again with TCP.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater It is used to mitigate distributed DNS reflection attacks.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>NXDOMAIN</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The domain undefined response is encoded
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by a CNAME whose target is the root domain (.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>NODATA</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The empty set of resource records is specified by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein CNAME whose target is the wildcard top-level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain (*.).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It rewrites the response to NODATA or ANCOUNT=1.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>Local Data</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A set of ordinary DNS records can be used to answer queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries for record types not the set are answered with
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A special form of local data is a CNAME whose target is a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews wildcard such as *.example.com.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews It is used as if were an ordinary CNAME after the asterisk (*)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews has been replaced with the query name.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The purpose for this special form is query logging in the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews walled garden's authority DNS server.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews All of the actions specified in all of the individual records
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews in a policy zone
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews can be overridden with a <span class="command"><strong>policy</strong></span> clause in the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews An organization using a policy zone provided by another
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews organization might use this mechanism to redirect domains
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to its own walled garden.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>GIVEN</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dd><p>The placeholder policy says "do not override but
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews perform the action specified in the zone."
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>DISABLED</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The testing override policy causes policy zone records to do
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein nothing but log what they would have done if the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein policy zone were not disabled.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The response to the DNS query will be written (or not)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein according to any triggered policy records that are not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disabled policy zones should appear first,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein because they will often not be logged
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if a higher precedence trigger is found first.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>PASSTHRU</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>DROP</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>TCP-Only</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>NXDOMAIN</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>NODATA</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein override with the corresponding per-record policy.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>CNAME domain</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews causes all RPZ policy records to act as if they were
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "cname domain" records.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater By default, the actions encoded in a response policy zone
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater are applied only to queries that ask for recursion (RD=1).
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater That default can be changed for a single policy zone or
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater all response policy zones in a view
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater with a <span class="command"><strong>recursive-only no</strong></span> clause.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater This feature is useful for serving the same zone files
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater both inside and outside an RFC 1918 cloud and using RPZ to
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater delete answers that would otherwise contain RFC 1918 values
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater on the externally visible name server or view.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Also by default, RPZ actions are applied only to DNS requests
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that either do not request DNSSEC metadata (DO=0) or when no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC records are available for request name in the original
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone (not the response policy zone). This default can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changed for all response policy zones in a view with a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>break-dnssec yes</strong></span> clause. In that case, RPZ
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein actions are applied regardless of DNSSEC. The name of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clause option reflects the fact that results rewritten by RPZ
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews actions cannot verify.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein No DNS records are needed for a QNAME or Client-IP trigger.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name or IP address itself is sufficient,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein so in principle the query name need not be recursively resolved.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, not resolving the requested
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name can leak the fact that response policy rewriting is in use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and that the name is listed in a policy zone to operators of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers for listed names. To prevent that information leak, by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default any recursion needed for a request is done before any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein policy triggers are considered. Because listed domains often
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have slow authoritative servers, this default behavior can cost
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews significant time.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span class="command"><strong>qname-wait-recurse no</strong></span> option
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews overrides that default behavior when recursion cannot
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews change a non-error response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The option does not affect QNAME or client-IP triggers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in policy zones listed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein after other zones containing IP, NSIP and NSDNAME triggers, because
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein those may depend on the A, AAAA, and NS records that would be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein found during recursive resolution. It also does not affect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC requests (DO=1) unless <span class="command"><strong>break-dnssec yes</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is in use, because the response would depend on whether or not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRSIG records were found during resolution.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Using this option can cause error responses such as SERVFAIL to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appear to be rewritten, since no recursion is being done to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discover problems at the authoritative server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The TTL of a record modified by RPZ policies is set from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TTL of the relevant record in policy zone. It is then limited
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to a maximum value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>max-policy-ttl</strong></span> clause changes the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum seconds from its default of 5.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, you might use this option statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"> response-policy { zone "badlist"; };</pre>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and this zone statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"> zone "badlist" {type master; file "master/badlist"; allow-query {none;}; };</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with this zone file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein@ SOA LOCALHOST. named-mgr.example.com (1 1h 15m 30d 2h)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NS LOCALHOST.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein; QNAME policy records. There are no periods (.) after the owner names.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinnxdomain.domain.com CNAME . ; NXDOMAIN policy
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein*.nxdomain.domain.com CNAME . ; NXDOMAIN policy
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrewsnodata.domain.com CNAME *. ; NODATA policy
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews*.nodata.domain.com CNAME *. ; NODATA policy
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinbad.domain.com A 10.0.0.1 ; redirect to a walled garden
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein AAAA 2001:2::1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein; do not rewrite (PASSTHRU) OK.DOMAIN.COM
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinok.domain.com CNAME rpz-passthru.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein; redirect x.bzone.domain.com to x.bzone.domain.com.garden.example.com
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein; IP policy records that rewrite all responses containing A records in 127/8
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein; except 127.0.0.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein32.1.0.0.127.rpz-ip CNAME rpz-passthru.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein; NSDNAME and NSIP policy records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein; blacklist and whitelist some DNS clients
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein; force some DNS clients and responses in the example.com zone to TCP
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews16.0.0.1.10.rpz-client-ip CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinexample.com CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein*.example.com CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RPZ can affect server performance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each configured response policy zone requires the server to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein perform one to four additional database lookups before a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query can be answered.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, a DNS server with four policy zones, each with all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein four kinds of response triggers, QNAME, IP, NSIP, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NSDNAME, requires a total of 17 times as many database
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews lookups as a similar DNS server with no response policy zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <acronym class="acronym">BIND9</acronym> server with adequate memory and one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response policy zone with QNAME and IP triggers might achieve a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum queries-per-second rate about 20% lower.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A server with four response policy zones with QNAME and IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein triggers might have a maximum QPS rate about 50% lower.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Responses rewritten by RPZ are counted in the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>RPZRewrites</strong></span> statistics.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span class="command"><strong>log</strong></span> clause can be used to optionally
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews turn off rewrite logging for a particular response policy
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zone. By default, all rewrites are logged.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="rrl"></a>Response Rate Limiting</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Excessive almost identical UDP <span class="emphasis"><em>responses</em></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews can be controlled by configuring a
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> clause in an
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> or <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater This mechanism keeps authoritative BIND 9 from being used
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater in amplifying reflection denial of service (DoS) attacks.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Short truncated (TC=1) responses can be sent to provide
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater rate-limited responses to legitimate clients within
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater a range of forged, attacked IP addresses.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Legitimate clients react to dropped or truncated response
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater by retrying with UDP or with TCP respectively.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater This mechanism is intended for authoritative DNS servers.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater It can be used on recursive servers but can slow
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater applications such as SMTP servers (mail receivers) and
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater HTTP clients (web browsers) that repeatedly request the
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater When possible, closing "open" recursive servers is better.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Response rate limiting uses a "credit" or "token bucket" scheme.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Each combination of identical response and client
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater has a conceptual account that earns a specified number
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater of credits every second.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater A prospective response debits its account by one.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Responses are dropped or truncated
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater while the account is negative.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Responses are tracked within a rolling window of time
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater which defaults to 15 seconds, but can be configured with
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater the <span class="command"><strong>window</strong></span> option to any value from
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater 1 to 3600 seconds (1 hour).
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater The account cannot become more positive than
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater the per-second limit
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater or more negative than <span class="command"><strong>window</strong></span>
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater times the per-second limit.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the specified number of credits for a class of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein responses is set to 0, those responses are not rate limited.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The notions of "identical response" and "DNS client"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for rate limiting are not simplistic.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All responses to an address block are counted as if to a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews single client.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The prefix lengths of addresses blocks are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified with <span class="command"><strong>ipv4-prefix-length</strong></span> (default 24)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span class="command"><strong>ipv6-prefix-length</strong></span> (default 56).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews All non-empty responses for a valid domain name (qname)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and record type (qtype) are identical and have a limit specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (default 0 or no limit).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All empty (NODATA) responses for a valid domain,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regardless of query type, are identical.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses in the NODATA class are limited by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>nodata-per-second</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (default <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests for any and all undefined subdomains of a given
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein valid domain result in NXDOMAIN errors, and are identical
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regardless of query type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein They are limited by <span class="command"><strong>nxdomains-per-second</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (default <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This controls some attacks using random names, but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be relaxed or turned off (set to 0)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on servers that expect many legitimate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NXDOMAIN responses, such as from anti-spam blacklists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Referrals or delegations to the server of a given
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain are identical and are limited by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>referrals-per-second</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (default <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses generated from local wildcards are counted and limited
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as if they were for the parent domain name.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This controls flooding using random.wild.example.com.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All requests that result in DNS errors other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than NXDOMAIN, such as SERVFAIL and FORMERR, are identical
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regardless of requested name (qname) or record type (qtype).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This controls attacks using invalid requests or distant,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein broken authoritative servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By default the limit on errors is the same as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span> value,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but it can be set separately with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>errors-per-second</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Many attacks using DNS involve UDP requests with forged source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Rate limiting prevents the use of BIND 9 to flood a network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with responses to requests with forged source addresses,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but could let a third party block responses to legitimate requests.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews There is a mechanism that can answer some legitimate
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews requests from a client whose address is being forged in a flood.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Setting <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> to 2 (its default) causes every
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews other UDP request to be answered with a small truncated (TC=1)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The small size and reduced frequency, and so lack of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews amplification, of "slipped" responses make them unattractive
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for reflection DoS attacks.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> must be between 0 and 10.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A value of 0 does not "slip":
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews no truncated responses are sent due to rate limiting,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews all responses are dropped.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A value of 1 causes every response to slip;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values between 2 and 10 cause every n'th response to slip.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Some error responses including REFUSED and SERVFAIL
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot be replaced with truncated responses and are instead
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein leaked at the <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> rate.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (NOTE: Dropped responses from an authoritative server may
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews reduce the difficulty of a third party successfully forging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a response to a recursive resolver. The best security
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein against forged responses is for authoritative operators
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to sign their zones using DNSSEC and for resolver operators
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to validate the responses. When this is not an option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operators who are more concerned with response integrity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than with flood mitigation may consider setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> to 1, causing all rate-limited
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein responses to be truncated rather than dropped. This reduces
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the effectiveness of rate-limiting against reflection attacks.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the approximate query per second rate exceeds
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span class="command"><strong>qps-scale</strong></span> value,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then the <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>errors-per-second</strong></span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>nxdomains-per-second</strong></span> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span> values are reduced by the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews ratio of the current rate to the <span class="command"><strong>qps-scale</strong></span> value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This feature can tighten defenses during attacks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>qps-scale 250; responses-per-second 20;</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a total query rate of 1000 queries/second for all queries from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all DNS clients including via TCP,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then the effective responses/second limit changes to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses sent via TCP are not limited
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but are counted to compute the query per second rate.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The optional <span class="command"><strong>domain</strong></span> clause specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the namespace to which rate limits will apply. It
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is possible to use different rate limits for different names
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by specifying multiple <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> blocks
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with different <span class="command"><strong>domain</strong></span> clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> statement's
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>domain</strong></span> most closely matches the query
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater name will be the one applied to a given query.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Rate limiters for different name spaces maintain
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater separate counters: If, for example, there is a
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> statement for "com" and
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater another for "example.com", queries matching "example.com"
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater will not be debited against the rate limiter for "com".
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater If a <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> statement does not specify a
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>domain</strong></span>, then it applies to the root domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (".") and thus affects the entire DNS namespace, except those
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein portions covered by other <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Communities of DNS clients can be given their own parameters or no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rate limiting by putting
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> statements in <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements instead of the global <span class="command"><strong>option</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> statement in a view replaces,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rather than supplementing, a <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement among the main options.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater DNS clients within a view can be exempted from rate limits
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater with the <span class="command"><strong>exempt-clients</strong></span> clause.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater UDP responses of all kinds can be limited with the
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span> phrase. This rate
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater limiting is unlike the rate limiting provided by
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>,
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>errors-per-second</strong></span>, and
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>nxdomains-per-second</strong></span> on a DNS server
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater which are often invisible to the victim of a DNS
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater reflection attack. Unless the forged requests of the
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater attack are the same as the legitimate requests of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein victim, the victim's requests are not affected. Responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein affected by an <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span> limit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are always dropped; the <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has no effect. An <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limit should be at least 4 times as large as the other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limits, because single DNS clients often send bursts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of legitimate requests. For example, the receipt of a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews single mail message can prompt requests from an SMTP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server for NS, PTR, A, and AAAA records as the incoming
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SMTP/TCP/IP connection is considered. The SMTP server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can need additional NS, A, AAAA, MX, TXT, and SPF records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as it considers the STMP <span class="command"><strong>Mail From</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command. Web browsers often repeatedly resolve the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein same names that are repeated in HTML <IMG> tags
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a page. <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span> is similar
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the rate limiting offered by firewalls but often
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inferior. Attacks that justify ignoring the contents
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of DNS responses are likely to be attacks on the DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server itself. They usually should be discarded before
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the DNS server spends resources make TCP connections
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or parsing DNS requests, but that rate limiting must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be done before the DNS server sees the requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum size of the table used to track requests and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rate limit responses is set with <span class="command"><strong>max-table-size</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each entry in the table is between 40 and 80 bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The table needs approximately as many entries as the number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of requests received per second.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 20,000.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To reduce the cold start of growing the table,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>min-table-size</strong></span> (default 500)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can set the minimum table size.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Enable <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> category logging to monitor
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expansions of the table and inform
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein choices for the initial and maximum table size.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Use <span class="command"><strong>log-only yes</strong></span> to test rate limiting parameters
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein without actually dropping any requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses dropped by rate limits are included in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>RateDropped</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>QryDropped</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses that truncated by rate limits are included in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>RateSlipped</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>RespTruncated</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Named supports NXDOMAIN redirection via two methods:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li class="listitem">Redirect zone <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone Statement Grammar">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statement Grammar”</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein With both methods when named gets a NXDOMAIN response
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it examines a separate namespace to see if the NXDOMAIN
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response should be replaced with an alternative response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein With a redirect zone (<span class="command"><strong>zone "." { type redirect; };</strong></span>), the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data used to replace the NXDOMAIN is held in a single
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews zone which is not part of the normal namespace. All the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein redirect information is contained in the zone; there are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein no delegations.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein With a redirect namespace (<span class="command"><strong>option { nxdomain-redirect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <suffix> };</strong></span>) the data used to replace the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NXDOMAIN is part of the normal namespace and is looked up by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appending the specified suffix to the original query name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This roughly doubles the cache required to process NXDOMAIN
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein responses as you have the original NXDOMAIN response and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the replacement data or a NXDOMAIN indicating that there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is no replacement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If both a redirect zone and a redirect namespace are configured,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the redirect zone is tried first.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="server_statement_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr[/prefixlen]</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> bogus <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-expire <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-nsid <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> send-cookie <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns-version <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tcp-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em> ; ]</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-updateinterval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="server_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statement defines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein characteristics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be associated with a remote name server. If a prefix length is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, then a range of servers is covered. Only the most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server clause applies regardless of the order in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statement can occur at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level of the
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater configuration file or inside a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement contains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one or more <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statements, only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the view and any top-level ones are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a view contains no <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any top-level <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statements are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you discover that a remote server is giving out bad data,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein marking it as bogus will prevent further queries to it. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value of <span class="command"><strong>bogus</strong></span> is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server, acting as master, will respond with an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone transfer when the given remote server, a slave, requests it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>, incremental transfer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be provided
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whenever possible. If set to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the remote server will be non-incremental. If not set, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> option in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global options block is used as a default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server, acting as a slave, will request incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers from the given remote server, a master. If not set, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value of the <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> option in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the view or global options block is used as a default. It may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be set in the zone block and, if set there, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein override the global or view setting for that zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IXFR requests to servers that do not support IXFR will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fall back to AXFR. Therefore, there is no need to manually list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which servers support IXFR and which ones do not; the global
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span> should always work.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The purpose of the <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> clauses is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to make it possible to disable the use of IXFR even when both
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and slave claim to support it, for example if one of the servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is buggy and crashes or corrupts data when IXFR is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>request-expire</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whether the local server, when acting as a slave, will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein request the EDNS EXPIRE value. The EDNS EXPIRE value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicates the remaining time before the zone data will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire and need to be be refreshed. This is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when a secondary server transfers a zone from another
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secondary server; when transferring from the primary, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expiration timer is set from the EXPIRE field of the SOA
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record instead.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>edns</strong></span> clause determines whether
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server will attempt to use EDNS when communicating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the remote server. The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS UDP size that is advertised by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when querying the remote server. Valid values are 512
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will be silently
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein adjusted to the nearest value within it). This option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is useful when you wish to advertise a different value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to this server than the value you advertise globally,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for example, when there is a firewall at the remote
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein site that is blocking large replies. (Note: Currently,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this sets a single UDP size for all packets sent to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server; <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will not deviate from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this value. This differs from the behavior of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span> in <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements, where it specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a maximum value. The <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behavior may be brought into conformance with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>options/view</strong></span> behavior in future releases.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>edns-version</strong></span> option sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum EDNS VERSION that will be sent to the server(s)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the resolver. The actual EDNS version sent is still
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein subject to normal EDNS version negotiation rules (see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 6891), the maximum EDNS version supported by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server, and any other heuristics that indicate that a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lower version should be sent. This option is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used when a remote server reacts badly to a given
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS version or higher; it should be set to the highest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein version the remote server is known to support. Valid
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are 0 to 255; higher values will be silently
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein adjusted. This option will not be needed until higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS versions than 0 are in use.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>max-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum EDNS UDP message size <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will send. Valid values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein outside this range will be silently adjusted). This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option is useful when you know that there is a firewall
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that is blocking large replies from <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>tcp-only</strong></span> option sets the transport
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein protocol to TCP. The default is to use the UDP transport
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and to fallback on TCP only when a truncated response
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server supports two zone transfer methods. The first, <span class="command"><strong>one-answer</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein uses one DNS message per resource record transferred. <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> packs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as many resource records as possible into a message. <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein more efficient, but is only known to be understood by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8.x, and patched versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 4.9.5. You can specify which method
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to use for a server with the <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span> is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, the <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span class="command"><strong>transfers</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used to limit the number of concurrent inbound zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers from the specified server. If no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>transfers</strong></span> clause is specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limit is set according to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>transfers-per-ns</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> clause identifies a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>key_id</strong></span> defined by the <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> statement,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews to be used for transaction security (TSIG, <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when talking to the remote server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a request is sent to the remote server, a request signature
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews will be generated using the key specified here and appended to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein message. A request originating from the remote server is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be signed by this key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only a single key per server is currently supported.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the IPv4 and IPv6 source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to be used for zone transfer with the remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For an IPv4 remote server, only <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server, only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For more details, see the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages sent to remote servers, respectively. For an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 remote server, only <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews only <span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sent to remote servers, respectively. For an IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein remote server, only <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>request-nsid</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whether the local server will add a NSID EDNS option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to requests sent to the server. This overrides
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>request-nsid</strong></span> set at the view or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews option level.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>send-cookie</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whether the local server will add a COOKIE EDNS option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to requests sent to the server. This overrides
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>send-cookie</strong></span> set at the view or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option level. The <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determine that COOKIE is not supported by the remote server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and not add a COOKIE EDNS option to requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="statschannels"></a><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> } ]; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="statistics_channels"></a><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares communication channels to be used by system
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews administrators to get access to statistics information of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This statement intends to be flexible to support multiple
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein communication protocols in the future, but currently only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein HTTP access is supported.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It requires that BIND 9 be compiled with libxml2 and/or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein json-c (also known as libjson0); the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein still accepted even if it is built without the library,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews but any HTTP access will fail with an error.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span class="command"><strong>inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein listening at the specified <span class="command"><strong>ip_port</strong></span> on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address. An <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (asterisk) is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use an <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no port is specified, port 80 is used for HTTP channels.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The asterisk "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>ip_port</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The attempt of opening a statistics channel is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein restricted by the optional <span class="command"><strong>allow</strong></span> clause.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Connections to the statistics channel are permitted based on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span class="command"><strong>allow</strong></span> clause is present,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> accepts connection
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein attempts from any address; since the statistics may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contain sensitive internal information, it is highly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recommended to restrict the source of connection requests
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appropriately.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is present,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will not open any communication channels.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The statistics are available in various formats and views
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein depending on the URI used to access them. For example, if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the statistics channel is configured to listen on 127.0.0.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein port 8888, then the statistics are accessible in XML format at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/</a> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml</a>. A CSS file is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein included which can format the XML statistics into tables
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when viewed with a stylesheet-capable browser, and into
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein charts and graphs using the Google Charts API when using a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein javascript-capable browser.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Applications that depend on a particular XML schema
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v2" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v2</a> for version 2
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the statistics XML schema or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3</a> for version 3.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the requested schema is supported by the server, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will respond; if not, it will return a "page not found"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Broken-out subsets of the statistics can be viewed at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/status" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/status</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (server uptime and last reconfiguration time),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/server" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/server</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (server and resolver statistics),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/zones" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/zones</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (zone statistics),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/net" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/net</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (network status and socket statistics),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/mem" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/mem</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (memory manager statistics),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/tasks" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/tasks</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (task manager statistics), and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/traffic" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/traffic</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (traffic sizes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The full set of statistics can also be read in JSON format at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json</a>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the broken-out subsets at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/status" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/status</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (server uptime and last reconfiguration time),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/server" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/server</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (server and resolver statistics),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/zones" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/zones</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (zone statistics),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/net" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/net</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (network status and socket statistics),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/mem" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/mem</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (memory manager statistics),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/tasks" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/tasks</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (task manager statistics), and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/traffic" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/traffic</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (traffic sizes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="trusted-keys"></a><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="trusted_keys"></a><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> statement defines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC security roots. DNSSEC is described in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#DNSSEC" title="DNSSEC">the section called “DNSSEC”</a>. A security root is defined when the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein public key for a non-authoritative zone is known, but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot be securely obtained through DNS, either because
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is the DNS root zone or because its parent zone is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unsigned. Once a key has been configured as a trusted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key, it is treated as if it had been validated and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein proven secure. The resolver attempts DNSSEC validation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on all DNS data in subdomains of a security root.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All keys (and corresponding zones) listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> are deemed to exist regardless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of what parent zones say. Similarly for all keys listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> only those keys are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to validate the DNSKEY RRset. The parent's DS RRset
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will not be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> statement can contain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple key entries, each consisting of the key's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain name, flags, protocol, algorithm, and the Base-64
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein representation of the key data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Spaces, tabs, newlines and carriage returns are ignored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the key data, so the configuration may be split up into
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple lines.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> may be set at the top level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <code class="filename">named.conf</code> or within a view. If it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set in both places, they are additive: keys defined at the top
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level are inherited by all views, but keys defined in a view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are only used within that view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Validation below specified names can be temporarily disabled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by using <span class="command"><strong>rndc nta</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="managed_keys"></a><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>flags</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key-data</code></em> ;
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>flags</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key-data</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="managed-keys"></a><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement, like
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span>, defines DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein security roots. The difference is that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> can be kept up to date
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein automatically, without intervention from the resolver
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Suppose, for example, that a zone's key-signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key was compromised, and the zone owner had to revoke and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replace the key. A resolver which had the old key in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> statement would be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unable to validate this zone any longer; it would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reply with a SERVFAIL response code. This would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein continue until the resolver operator had updated the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> statement with the new key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If, however, the zone were listed in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement instead, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone owner could add a "stand-by" key to the zone in advance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> would store the stand-by key, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the original key was revoked, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein would be able to transition smoothly to the new key. It would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also recognize that the old key had been revoked, and cease
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using that key to validate answers, minimizing the damage that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the compromised key could do.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement contains a list of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the keys to be managed, along with information about how the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys are to be initialized for the first time. The only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein initialization method currently supported (as of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.7.0) is <code class="literal">initial-key</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This means the <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contain a copy of the initializing key. (Future releases may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allow keys to be initialized by other methods, eliminating this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requirement.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Consequently, a <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appears similar to a <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span>, differing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the presence of the second field, containing the keyword
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">initial-key</code>. The difference is, whereas the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys listed in a <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> continue to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein trusted until they are removed from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, an initializing key listed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement is only trusted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>once</em></span>: for as long as it takes to load the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein managed key database and start the RFC 5011 key maintenance
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The first time <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> runs with a managed key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configured in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, it fetches the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSKEY RRset directly from the zone apex, and validates it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the key specified in the <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. If the DNSKEY RRset is validly signed, then it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used as the basis for a new managed keys database.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein From that point on, whenever <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> runs, it
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater sees the <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement, checks to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein make sure RFC 5011 key maintenance has already been initialized
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the specified domain, and if so, it simply moves on. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key specified in the <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to validate answers; it has been superseded by the key or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys stored in the managed keys database.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The next time <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> runs after a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has been <span class="emphasis"><em>removed</em></span> from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement, the corresponding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone will be removed from the managed keys database,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and RFC 5011 key maintenance will no longer be used for that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> only maintains a single managed keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein database; consequently, unlike <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> may only be set at the top
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level of <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, not within a view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the current implementation, the managed keys database is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stored as a master-format zone file called
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind</code>. When the key database
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is changed, the zone is updated. As with any other dynamic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone, changes will be written into a journal file,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind.jnl</code>. They are committed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the master file as soon as possible afterward; in the case
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the managed key database, this will usually occur within 30
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein seconds. So, whenever <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein automatic key maintenance, those two files can be expected to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exist in the working directory. (For this reason among others,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the working directory should be always be writable by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span> option is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will automatically initialize a managed key for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein root zone. Similarly, if the <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option is set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will automatically initialize
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a managed key for the zone <code class="literal">dlv.isc.org</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In both cases, the key that is used to initialize the key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maintenance process is built into <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and can be overridden from <span class="command"><strong>bindkeys-file</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="view_statement_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-destinations { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_option</code></em>; ...</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_statement</code></em>; ...</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="view_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement is a powerful
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 that lets a name server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answer a DNS query differently
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein depending on who is asking. It is particularly useful for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein implementing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein split DNS setups without having to run multiple servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement defines a view
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater DNS namespace that will be seen by a subset of clients. A client
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater a view if its source IP address matches the
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the view's
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>match-clients</strong></span> clause and its
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater destination IP address matches
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>match-destinations</strong></span> clause. If not
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater specified, both
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>match-clients</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>match-destinations</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default to matching all addresses. In addition to checking IP
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>match-clients</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>match-destinations</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can also take <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> which provide an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein mechanism for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein client to select the view. A view can also be specified
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews as <span class="command"><strong>match-recursive-only</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means that only recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests from matching clients will match that view.
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater The order of the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements is
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater significant —
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a client request will be resolved in the context of the first
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> that it matches.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zones defined within a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only be accessible to clients that match the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By defining a zone of the same name in multiple views, different
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone data can be given to different clients, for example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and "external" clients in a split DNS setup.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Many of the options given in the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can also be used within a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, and then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply only when resolving queries with that view. When no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is given, the value in the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used as a default. Also, zone options can have default values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement; these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein view-specific defaults
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein take precedence over those in the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Views are class specific. If no class is given, class IN
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assumed. Note that all non-IN views must contain a hint zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein since only the IN class has compiled-in default hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If there are no <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file, a default view that matches any client is automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in class IN. Any <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level of the configuration file are considered to be part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this default view, and the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the default view. If any explicit <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements are present, all <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein occur inside <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Here is an example of a typical split DNS setup implemented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // This should match our internal networks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { 10.0.0.0/8; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide recursive service to internal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // clients only.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide a complete view of the example.com
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // zone including addresses of internal hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewsview "external" {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Match all clients not matched by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // previous view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Refuse recursive service to external clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide a restricted view of the example.com
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews // zone containing only publicly accessible hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_statement_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-loadkeys-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-policy <em class="replaceable"><code>local</code></em> | { <em class="replaceable"><code>update_policy_rule</code></em> [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
ab8729140b1ad688ab03e1e9ce438fb1cbb49222Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> also-notify [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> check-mx (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-spf ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> auto-dnssec <code class="constant">allow</code>|<code class="constant">maintain</code>|<code class="constant">off</code>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> inline-signing <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> serial-update-method <code class="constant">increment</code>|<code class="constant">unixtime</code>|<code class="constant">date</code>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-zone-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-update-mode ( <em class="replaceable"><code>maintain</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>no-resign</code></em> ); </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-loadkeys-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> auto-dnssec <code class="constant">allow</code>|<code class="constant">maintain</code>|<code class="constant">off</code>; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> inline-signing <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewszone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>] // Not Implemented.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type static-stub;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> server-addresses { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> server-names { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type forward;
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewszone <em class="replaceable"><code>"."</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews type redirect;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-zone-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewszone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews type delegation-only;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewszone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> in-view <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="zone_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="zone_types"></a>Zone Types</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span class="command"><strong>type</strong></span> keyword is required
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> configuration unless
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews it is an <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> configuration. Its
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews acceptable values include: <code class="varname">delegation-only</code>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="varname">forward</code>, <code class="varname">hint</code>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="varname">master</code>, <code class="varname">redirect</code>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="varname">slave</code>, <code class="varname">static-stub</code>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The server has a master copy of the data
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater for the zone and will be able to provide authoritative
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater A slave zone is a replica of a master
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zone. The <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> list
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater specifies one or more IP addresses
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of master servers that the slave contacts to update
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater its copy of the zone.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Masters list elements can also be names of other
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater masters lists.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater By default, transfers are made from port 53 on the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater servers; this can
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater be changed for all servers by specifying a port number
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater list of IP addresses, or on a per-server basis after
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the IP address.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Authentication to the master can also be done with
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater per-server TSIG keys.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater If a file is specified, then the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater replica will be written to this file whenever the zone
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and reloaded from this file on a server restart. Use
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater recommended, since it often speeds server startup and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater a needless waste of bandwidth. Note that for large
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater numbers (in the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater tens or hundreds of thousands) of zones per server, it
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater use a two-level naming scheme for zone filenames. For
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater a slave server for the zone <code class="literal">example.com</code> might place
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the zone contents into a file called
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">ex/example.com</code> where <code class="filename">ex/</code> is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater just the first two letters of the zone name. (Most
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater operating systems
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater behave very slowly if you put 100000 files into
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater a single directory.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater A stub zone is similar to a slave zone,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater except that it replicates only the NS records of a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater master zone instead
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of the entire zone. Stub zones are not a standard part
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater they are a feature specific to the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> implementation.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Stub zones can be used to eliminate the need for glue
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in a parent zone at the expense of maintaining a stub
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zone entry and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater a set of name server addresses in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This usage is not recommended for new configurations,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater supports it only in a limited way.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4/8, zone
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater transfers of a parent zone
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater included the NS records from stub children of that
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zone. This meant
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater that, in some cases, users could get away with
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater configuring child stubs
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater only in the master server for the parent zone. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater 9 never mixes together zone data from different zones
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater way. Therefore, if a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 master serving a parent
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater zone has child stub zones configured, all the slave
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater servers for the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater parent zone also need to have the same child stub
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Stub zones can also be used as a way of forcing the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater of a given domain to use a particular set of
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater authoritative servers.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater For example, the caching name servers on a private
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater RFC1918 addressing may be configured with stub zones
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">10.in-addr.arpa</code>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to use a set of internal name servers as the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater servers for that domain.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater A static-stub zone is similar to a stub zone
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater with the following exceptions:
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the zone data is statically configured, rather
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater than transferred from a master server;
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater when recursion is necessary for a query that
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater matches a static-stub zone, the locally
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater configured data (nameserver names and glue addresses)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is always used even if different authoritative
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater information is cached.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone data is configured via the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>server-addresses</strong></span> and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>server-names</strong></span> zone options.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The zone data is maintained in the form of NS
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and (if necessary) glue A or AAAA RRs
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater internally, which can be seen by dumping zone
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater databases by <span class="command"><strong>rndc dumpdb -all</strong></span>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The configured RRs are considered local configuration
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater parameters rather than public data.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Non recursive queries (i.e., those with the RD
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater bit off) to a static-stub zone are therefore
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater prohibited and will be responded with REFUSED.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Since the data is statically configured, no
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zone maintenance action takes place for a static-stub
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For example, there is no periodic refresh
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater attempt, and an incoming notify message
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater will be rejected with an rcode of NOTAUTH.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Each static-stub zone is configured with
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater internally generated NS and (if necessary)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater glue A or AAAA RRs
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater A "forward zone" is a way to configure
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater forwarding on a per-domain basis. A <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of type <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> can
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater contain a <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and/or <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater which will apply to queries within the domain given by
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater name. If no <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater statement is present or
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater an empty list for <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span> is given, then no
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater forwarding will be done for the domain, canceling the
b3c2030de4cc02b8e881ca4e6f62b385d4b41b0fAutomatic Updater any forwarders in the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement. Thus
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater if you want to use this type of zone to change the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater behavior of the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater global <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> option
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (that is, "forward first"
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to, then "forward only", or vice versa, but want to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater servers as set globally) you need to re-specify the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater global forwarders.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The initial set of root name servers is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater specified using a "hint zone". When the server starts
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the root hints to find a root name server and get the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater list of root name servers. If no hint zone is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater specified for class
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IN, the server uses a compiled-in default set of root
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater servers hints.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Classes other than IN have no built-in defaults hints.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Redirect zones are used to provide answers to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater queries when normal resolution would result in
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater NXDOMAIN being returned.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Only one redirect zone is supported
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater per view. <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> can be
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater used to restrict which clients see these answers.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater If the client has requested DNSSEC records (DO=1) and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the NXDOMAIN response is signed then no substitution
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater To redirect all NXDOMAIN responses to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater 100.100.100.2 and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater 2001:ffff:ffff::100.100.100.2, one would
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater configure a type redirect zone named ".",
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater with the zone file containing wildcard records
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater that point to the desired addresses:
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">"*. IN A 100.100.100.2"</code>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">"*. IN AAAA 2001:ffff:ffff::100.100.100.2"</code>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater To redirect all Spanish names (under .ES) one
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater would use similar entries but with the names
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater "*.ES." instead of "*.". To redirect all
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater commercial Spanish names (under COM.ES) one
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater would use wildcard entries called "*.COM.ES.".
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note that the redirect zone supports all
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater possible types; it is not limited to A and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Because redirect zones are not referenced
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater directly by name, they are not kept in the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zone lookup table with normal master and slave
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zones. Consequently, it is not currently possible
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to reload a redirect zone. However, when using
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>rndc reload</strong></span> without specifying
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater a zone name, redirect zones will be reloaded along
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater with other zones.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">delegation-only</code>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This is used to enforce the delegation-only
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater status of infrastructure zones (e.g. COM,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater NET, ORG). Any answer that is received
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater without an explicit or implicit delegation
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in the authority section will be treated
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater as NXDOMAIN. This does not apply to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zone apex. This should not be applied to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">delegation-only</code> has no
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater effect on answers received from forwarders.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See caveats in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span class="command"><strong>root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="class"></a>Class</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The zone's name may optionally be followed by a class. If
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater a class is not specified, class <code class="literal">IN</code> (for <code class="varname">Internet</code>),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is assumed. This is correct for the vast majority of cases.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The <code class="literal">hesiod</code> class is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater named for an information service from MIT's Project Athena. It
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater used to share information about various systems databases, such
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater as users, groups, printers and so on. The keyword
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater a synonym for hesiod.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Another MIT development is Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in the mid-1970s. Zone data for it can be specified with the <code class="literal">CHAOS</code> class.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="zone_options"></a>Zone Options</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Specifies a "Simple Secure Update" policy. See
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of <span class="command"><strong>allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Only meaningful if <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater active for this zone. The set of machines that will
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">DNS NOTIFY</code> message
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater for this zone is made up of all the listed name servers
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the primary master) for the zone plus any IP addresses
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater with <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span>. A port
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater may be specified
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater with each <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater address to send the notify
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater messages to a port other than the default of 53.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater A TSIG key may also be specified to cause the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">NOTIFY</code> to be signed by the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> is not
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater meaningful for stub zones.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The default is the empty list.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This option is used to restrict the character set and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater received from the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater network. The default varies according to zone type. For <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> zones the default is <span class="command"><strong>fail</strong></span>. For <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zones the default is <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater It is not implemented for <span class="command"><strong>hint</strong></span> zones.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>check-mx</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-spf</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>check-spf</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>check-wildcard</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>check-sibling</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Usage”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-update-mode</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-update-mode</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Usage”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>try-tcp-refresh</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>database</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Specify the type of database to be used for storing the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zone data. The string following the <span class="command"><strong>database</strong></span> keyword
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is interpreted as a list of whitespace-delimited words.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The first word
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater identifies the database type, and any subsequent words are
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater as arguments to the database to be interpreted in a way
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to the database type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>"rbt"</code></strong>, BIND 9's
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater native in-memory
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater red-black-tree database. This database does not take
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Other values are possible if additional database drivers
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater have been linked into the server. Some sample drivers are
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater with the distribution but none are linked in by default.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The flag only applies to forward, hint and stub
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zones. If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater then the zone will also be treated as if it is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater also a delegation-only type zone.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See caveats in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span class="command"><strong>root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Only meaningful if the zone has a forwarders
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater list. The <span class="command"><strong>only</strong></span> value causes
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the lookup to fail
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater after trying the forwarders and getting no answer, while <span class="command"><strong>first</strong></span> would
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater allow a normal lookup to be tried.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Used to override the list of global forwarders.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater If it is not specified in a zone of type <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater no forwarding is done for the zone and the global options are
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater specify the name
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of the transaction log (journal) file for dynamic update
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and constructs the name of the journal
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater file by appending "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>"
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to the name of the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-tmp-file</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Was an undocumented option in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Ignored in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>journal</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Allow the default journal's filename to be overridden.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The default is the zone's filename with "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>" appended.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This is applicable to <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span> zones.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_resource_limits" title="Server Resource Limits">the section called “Server Resource Limits”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>notify-delay</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>notify-to-soa</strong></span> in
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>pubkey</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option was
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater intended for specifying
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater a public zone key for verification of signatures in DNSSEC
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zones when they are loaded from disk. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 does not verify signatures
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater on load and ignores the option.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span> in
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Usage”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>server-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Only meaningful for static-stub zones.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This is a list of IP addresses to which queries
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater should be sent in recursive resolution for the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater A non empty list for this option will internally
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater configure the apex NS RR with associated glue A or
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater For example, if "example.com" is configured as a
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater static-stub zone with 192.0.2.1 and 2001:db8::1234
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater in a <span class="command"><strong>server-addresses</strong></span> option,
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater the following RRs will be internally configured.
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">example.com. NS example.com.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These records are internally used to resolve
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater names under the static-stub zone.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For instance, if the server receives a query for
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater "www.example.com" with the RD bit on, the server
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater will initiate recursive resolution and send
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater queries to 192.0.2.1 and/or 2001:db8::1234.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>server-names</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Only meaningful for static-stub zones.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This is a list of domain names of nameservers that
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater act as authoritative servers of the static-stub
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These names will be resolved to IP addresses when
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> needs to send queries to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater these servers.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater To make this supplemental resolution successful,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater these names must not be a subdomain of the origin
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater name of static-stub zone.
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater That is, when "example.net" is the origin of a
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater static-stub zone, "ns.example" and
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater "master.example.com" can be specified in the
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>server-names</strong></span> option, but
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater "ns.example.net" cannot, and will be rejected by
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater the configuration parser.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater A non empty list for this option will internally
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater configure the apex NS RR with the specified names.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For example, if "example.com" is configured as a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater static-stub zone with "ns1.example.net" and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in a <span class="command"><strong>server-names</strong></span> option,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the following RRs will be internally configured.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">example.com. NS ns1.example.net.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These records are internally used to resolve
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater names under the static-stub zone.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For instance, if the server receives a query for
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater "www.example.com" with the RD bit on, the server
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater initiate recursive resolution,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater "ns2.example.net" to IP addresses, and then send
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater queries to (one or more of) these addresses.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-nodes</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-signatures</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-type</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (Note that the <span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>master</code></strong> and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>slave</code></strong> choices are not
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater available at the zone level.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>key-directory</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Usage”</a>.
b3c2030de4cc02b8e881ca4e6f62b385d4b41b0fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec</strong></span> in
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Usage”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method</strong></span> in
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Usage”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>inline-signing</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater If <code class="literal">yes</code>, this enables
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater "bump in the wire" signing of a zone, where a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater unsigned zone is transferred in or loaded from
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater disk and a signed version of the zone is served,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater with possibly, a different serial number. This
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater behavior is disabled by default.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of <span class="command"><strong>multi-master</strong></span> in
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-zone-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of <span class="command"><strong>max-zone-ttl</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Usage”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="dynamic_update_policies"></a>Dynamic Update Policies</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<p><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 supports two alternative
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater methods of granting clients the right to perform
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater dynamic updates to a zone, configured by the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span> and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> option, respectively.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span> clause works the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater same way as in previous versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater It grants given clients the permission to update any
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater record of any name in the zone.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> clause
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater allows more fine-grained control over what updates are
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater allowed. A set of rules is specified, where each rule
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater either grants or denies permissions for one or more
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater names to be updated by one or more identities. If
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the dynamic update request message is signed (that is,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater it includes either a TSIG or SIG(0) record), the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater identity of the signer can be determined.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Rules are specified in the <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zone option, and are only meaningful for master zones.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater When the <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is present, it is a configuration error for the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span> statement to be
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater present. The <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater only examines the signer of a message; the source
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater address is not relevant.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater There is a pre-defined <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater rule which can be switched on with the command
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>update-policy local;</strong></span>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Switching on this rule in a zone causes
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to generate a TSIG session
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater key and place it in a file, and to allow that key
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to update the zone. (By default, the file is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>, the key
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater name is "local-ddns" and the key algorithm is HMAC-SHA256,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater but these values are configurable with the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>session-keyfile</strong></span>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>session-keyname</strong></span> and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>session-keyalg</strong></span> options, respectively).
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater A client running on the local system, and with appropriate
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater permissions, may read that file and use the key to sign update
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater requests. The zone's update policy will be set to allow that
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater key to change any record within the zone. Assuming the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater key name is "local-ddns", this policy is equivalent to:
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">update-policy { grant local-ddns zonesub any; };
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The command <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate -l</strong></span> sends update
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater requests to localhost, and signs them using the session key.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Other rule definitions look like this:
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater( <span class="command"><strong>grant</strong></span> | <span class="command"><strong>deny</strong></span> ) <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>] [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>types</code></em> </span>]
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Each rule grants or denies privileges. Once a message has
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater successfully matched a rule, the operation is immediately
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater granted or denied and no further rules are examined. A rule
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is matched when the signer matches the identity field, the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater name matches the name field in accordance with the nametype
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater field, and the type matches the types specified in the type
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater No signer is required for <em class="replaceable"><code>tcp-self</code></em>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater or <em class="replaceable"><code>6to4-self</code></em> however the standard
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater reverse mapping / prefix conversion must match the identity
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The identity field specifies a name or a wildcard
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater name. Normally, this is the name of the TSIG or
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater SIG(0) key used to sign the update request. When a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater TKEY exchange has been used to create a shared secret,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the identity of the shared secret is the same as the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater identity of the key used to authenticate the TKEY
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater exchange. TKEY is also the negotiation method used
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater by GSS-TSIG, which establishes an identity that is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the Kerberos principal of the client, such as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>"user@host.domain"</code></strong>. When the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater a wildcard name, it is subject to DNS wildcard
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater expansion, so the rule will apply to multiple identities.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field must
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater contain a fully-qualified domain name.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For nametypes <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">ms-self</code>, <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and <code class="varname">ms-subdomain</code> the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the Windows or Kerberos realm of the machine belongs to.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> field has 13
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">name</code>, <code class="varname">subdomain</code>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">wildcard</code>, <code class="varname">self</code>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">selfsub</code>, <code class="varname">selfwild</code>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>, <code class="varname">ms-self</code>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">ms-subdomain</code>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">tcp-self</code>, <code class="varname">6to4-self</code>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">zonesub</code>, and <code class="varname">external</code>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Exact-match semantics. This rule matches
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater when the name being updated is identical
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to the contents of the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This rule matches when the name being updated
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is a subdomain of, or identical to, the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater contents of the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This rule is similar to subdomain, except that
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater it matches when the name being updated is a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater subdomain of the zone in which the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater appears. This obviates the need to type the zone
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater name twice, and enables the use of a standard
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement in
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater multiple zones without modification.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater When this rule is used, the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field is omitted.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is subject to DNS wildcard expansion, and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater this rule matches when the name being updated
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is a valid expansion of the wildcard.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This rule matches when the name being updated
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater matches the contents of the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is ignored, but should be the same as the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The <code class="varname">self</code> nametype is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater most useful when allowing using one key per
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater name to update, where the key has the same
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater name as the name to be updated. The
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> would
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater be specified as <code class="constant">*</code> (an asterisk) in
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater except that subdomains of <code class="varname">self</code>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater can also be updated.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater except that only subdomains of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">self</code> can be updated.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This rule takes a Windows machine principal
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (machine$@REALM) for machine in REALM and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and converts it machine.realm allowing the machine
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to update machine.realm. The REALM to be matched
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This rule takes a Windows machine principal
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (machine$@REALM) for machine in REALM and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater converts it to machine.realm allowing the machine
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to update subdomains of machine.realm. The REALM
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to be matched is specified in the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This rule takes a Kerberos machine principal
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (host/machine@REALM) for machine in REALM and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and converts it machine.realm allowing the machine
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to update machine.realm. The REALM to be matched
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This rule takes a Kerberos machine principal
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (host/machine@REALM) for machine in REALM and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater converts it to machine.realm allowing the machine
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to update subdomains of machine.realm. The REALM
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to be matched is specified in the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Allow updates that have been sent via TCP and
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater for which the standard mapping from the initiating
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IP address into the IN-ADDR.ARPA and IP6.ARPA
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater namespaces match the name to be updated.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Allow the 6to4 prefix to be update by any TCP
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater connection from the 6to4 network or from the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater corresponding IPv4 address. This is intended
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater to allow NS or DNAME RRsets to be added to the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This rule allows <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to defer the decision of whether to allow a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater given update to an external daemon.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The method of communicating with the daemon is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater field, the format of which is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater "<code class="constant">local:</code><em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em>",
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater where <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> is the location
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of a UNIX-domain socket. (Currently, "local" is the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater only supported mechanism.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests to the external daemon are sent over the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater UNIX-domain socket as datagrams with the following
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Protocol version number (4 bytes, network byte order, currently 1)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Request length (4 bytes, network byte order)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Signer (null-terminated string)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Name (null-terminated string)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater TCP source address (null-terminated string)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Rdata type (null-terminated string)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Key (null-terminated string)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater TKEY token length (4 bytes, network byte order)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater TKEY token (remainder of packet)</pre>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The daemon replies with a four-byte value in
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater network byte order, containing either 0 or 1; 0
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater indicates that the specified update is not
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater permitted, and 1 indicates that it is.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In all cases, the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater field must specify a fully-qualified domain name.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater If no types are explicitly specified, this rule matches
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater all types except RRSIG, NS, SOA, NSEC and NSEC3. Types
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater may be specified by name, including "ANY" (ANY matches
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater all types except NSEC and NSEC3, which can never be
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater updated). Note that when an attempt is made to delete
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater all records associated with a name, the rules are
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater checked for each existing record type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="multiple_views"></a>Multiple views</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater When multiple views are in use, a zone may be
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater referenced by more than one of them. Often, the views
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater will contain different zones with the same name, allowing
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater different clients to receive different answers for the same
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater queries. At times, however, it is desirable for multiple
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater views to contain identical zones. The
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> zone option provides an efficient
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater way to do this: it allows a view to reference a zone that
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater was defined in a previously configured view. Example:
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updaterview internal {
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater match-clients { 10/8; };
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updaterview external {
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater match-clients { any; };
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in-view internal;
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater An <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> option cannot refer to a view
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater that is configured later in the configuration file.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater A <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement which uses the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> option may not use any other
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater options with the exception of <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater and <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span>. (These options control
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater the behavior of the containing view, rather than changing
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater the zone object itself.)
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Zone level acls (e.g. allow-query, allow-transfer) and
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater other configuration details of the zone are all set
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater in the view the referenced zone is defined in. Care
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater need to be taken to ensure that acls are wide enough
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater for all views referencing the zone.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater An <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> zone cannot be used as a
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater response policy zone.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater An <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> zone is not intended to reference
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater a <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> zone.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<a name="zone_file"></a>Zone File</h2></div></div></div>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<a name="types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them"></a>Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</h3></div></div></div>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This section, largely borrowed from RFC 1034, describes the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater concept of a Resource Record (RR) and explains when each is used.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Since the publication of RFC 1034, several new RRs have been
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater and implemented in the DNS. These are also included.
b3c2030de4cc02b8e881ca4e6f62b385d4b41b0fAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<a name="id-1.7.6.2.3"></a>Resource Records</h4></div></div></div>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater A domain name identifies a node. Each node has a set of
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater resource information, which may be empty. The set of resource
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater information associated with a particular name is composed of
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater separate RRs. The order of RRs in a set is not significant and
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater need not be preserved by name servers, resolvers, or other
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater parts of the DNS. However, sorting of multiple RRs is
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater permitted for optimization purposes, for example, to specify
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater that a particular nearby server be tried first. See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a> and <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater The components of a Resource Record are:
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater The domain name where the RR is found.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater An encoded 16-bit value that specifies
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater the type of the resource record.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater The time-to-live of the RR. This field
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater is a 32-bit integer in units of seconds, and is
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater primarily used by
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater resolvers when they cache RRs. The TTL describes how
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater be cached before it should be discarded.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater An encoded 16-bit value that identifies
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater a protocol family or instance of a protocol.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater The resource data. The format of the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater data is type (and sometimes class) specific.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater The following are <span class="emphasis"><em>types</em></span> of valid RRs:
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater A host address. In the IN class, this is a
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater 32-bit IP address. Described in RFC 1035.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv6 address. Described in RFC 1886.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv6 address. This can be a partial
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater address (a suffix) and an indirection to the name
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater where the rest of the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater address (the prefix) can be found. Experimental.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Described in RFC 2874.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Location of AFS database servers.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Address prefix list. Experimental.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Described in RFC 3123.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Application Visibility and Control record.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies which Certificate Authorities can issue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein certificates for this domain and what rules they
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews need to follow when doing so. Defined in RFC 6844.
built-in server information zones, e.g.,
any order), and if neither of those succeed, delivery to <code class="literal">mail.backup.org</code> will
and PTR records. Entries in the in-addr.arpa domain are made in
in-addr.arpa name of
3.2.1.10.in-addr.arpa. This name should have a PTR resource record
Master File Directives include <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>$INCLUDE</strong></span>,
<a name="atsign"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>@</strong></span> (at-sign)</h4></div></div></div>
<a name="origin_directive"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
$ORIGIN example.com.
<a name="include_directive"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>$INCLUDE</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
if it were included into the file at this point. If <span class="command"><strong>origin</strong></span> is
revert to the values they had prior to the <span class="command"><strong>$INCLUDE</strong></span> once
<a name="ttl_directive"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>$TTL</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
<a name="generate_directive"></a><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</h3></div></div></div>
Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation.
HOST-1.EXAMPLE. MX 0 .
HOST-2.EXAMPLE. A 1.2.3.2
HOST-2.EXAMPLE. MX 0 .
HOST-3.EXAMPLE. A 1.2.3.3
HOST-3.EXAMPLE. MX 0 .
HOST-127.EXAMPLE. A 1.2.3.127
HOST-127.EXAMPLE. MX 0 .
(<span class="command"><strong>n</strong></span> or <span class="command"><strong>N</strong></span>\
The <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> directive is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> extension
<strong class="userinput"><code>full</code></strong> (or <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
<span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
(see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels" title="statistics-channels Statement Grammar">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>.)
<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#clients-per-query"><span class="command"><strong>clients-per-query</strong></span></a>.)
<a name="bind8_compatibility"></a>Compatibility with <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND</em></span> 8 Counters</h4></div></div></div>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter�5.�The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Lightweight Resolver�</td>