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1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater - Copyright (C) 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<title>Chapter�6.�BIND 9 Configuration Reference</title>
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71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</th></tr>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<a name="Bv9ARM.ch06"></a>Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2573923">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574577"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574835"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575194"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575211"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575235"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575258"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575349"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575475"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577474"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577547"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577611"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577723"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577738"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2587829"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2587984"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2588035"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2588082"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2588133"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2588489"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2590199"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592933">Zone File</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2595027">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2595710">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2595906">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2596179"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_counters">Statistics Counters</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration is broadly similar
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8; however, there are a few new
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews of configuration, such as views. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews 8 configuration files should work with few alterations in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9, although more complex configurations should be reviewed to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if they can be more efficiently implemented using the new features
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews found in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4 configuration files can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein converted to the new format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the shell script
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">contrib/named-bootconf/named-bootconf.sh</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="configuration_file_elements"></a>Configuration File Elements</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Following is a list of elements used throughout the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file documentation:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name of an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defined by the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>, <code class="varname">key_id</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="varname">acl_name</code> elements, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A named list of one or more <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews with optional <code class="varname">key_id</code> and/or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A <code class="varname">masters_list</code> may include other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a DNS name, for example "<code class="literal">my.test.domain</code>".
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater A list of one or more <code class="varname">domain_name</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One to four integers valued 0 through
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 255 separated by dots (`.'), such as <span><strong class="command">123</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">45.67</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">89.123.45.67</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv4 address with exactly four elements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <code class="varname">dotted_decimal</code> notation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv6 address, such as <span><strong class="command">2001:db8::1234</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews IPv6 scoped addresses that have ambiguity on their
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews scope zones must be disambiguated by an appropriate
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews zone ID with the percent character (`%') as
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews delimiter. It is strongly recommended to use
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews string zone names rather than numeric identifiers,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews in order to be robust against system configuration
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews changes. However, since there is no standard
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews mapping for such names and identifier values,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews currently only interface names as link identifiers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported, assuming one-to-one mapping between
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews interfaces and links. For example, a link-local
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews address <span><strong class="command">fe80::1</strong></span> on the link
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews attached to the interface <span><strong class="command">ne0</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified as <span><strong class="command">fe80::1%ne0</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews Note that on most systems link-local addresses
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews always have the ambiguity, and need to be
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews disambiguated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <code class="varname">ip4_addr</code> or <code class="varname">ip6_addr</code>.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews The <code class="varname">number</code> is limited to 0
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through 65535, with values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below 1024 typically restricted to use by processes running
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews In some cases, an asterisk (`*') character can be used as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein placeholder to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein select a random high-numbered port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IP network specified as an <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by a slash (`/') and then the number of bits in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Trailing zeros in a <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may omitted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, <span><strong class="command">127/8</strong></span> is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">127.0.0.0</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein netmask <span><strong class="command">255.0.0.0</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0/28</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0</strong></span> with netmask <span><strong class="command">255.255.255.240</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews When specifying a prefix involving a IPv6 scoped address
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews the scope may be omitted. In that case the prefix will
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews match packets from any scope.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">domain_name</code> representing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name of a shared key, to be used for transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separated by semicolons and ending with a semicolon.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews A non-negative 32-bit integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (i.e., a number between 0 and 4294967295, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Its acceptable value might further
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be limited by the context in which it is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a pathname, such as <code class="filename">zones/master/my.test.domain</code>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A list of an <code class="varname">ip_port</code> or a port
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A port range is specified in the form of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range</code></strong> followed by
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater two <code class="varname">ip_port</code>s,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, which represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater port numbers from <code class="varname">port_low</code> through
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, inclusive.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_low</code> must not be larger than
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range 1024 65535</code></strong> represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater ports from 1024 through 65535.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater In either case an asterisk (`*') character is not
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater allowed as a valid <code class="varname">ip_port</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A number, the word <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the word <strong class="userinput"><code>default</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <code class="varname">unlimited</code> <code class="varname">size_spec</code> requests unlimited
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use, or the maximum available amount. A <code class="varname">default size_spec</code> uses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the limit that was in force when the server was started.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">number</code> can optionally be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews followed by a scaling factor:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>K</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>k</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for kilobytes,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>M</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>m</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for megabytes, and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>G</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>g</code></strong> for gigabytes,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which scale by 1024, 1024*1024, and 1024*1024*1024
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The value must be representable as a 64-bit unsigned integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (0 to 18446744073709551615, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Using <code class="varname">unlimited</code> is the best
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to safely set a really large number.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Either <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The words <strong class="userinput"><code>true</code></strong> and <strong class="userinput"><code>false</code></strong> are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also accepted, as are the numbers <strong class="userinput"><code>1</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <strong class="userinput"><code>0</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One of <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in a zone, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>, and <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are restricted to slave and stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="address_match_lists"></a>Address Match Lists</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2573689"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><code class="varname">address_match_list</code> = address_match_list_element ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address_match_list_element; ... </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<code class="varname">address_match_list_element</code> = [<span class="optional"> ! </span>] (ip_address [<span class="optional">/length</span>] |
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce key key_id | acl_name | { address_match_list } )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2573717"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control for various server operations. They are also used in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews statements. The elements which constitute an address match
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews list can be any of the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a key ID, as defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>the name of an address match list defined with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>a nested address match list enclosed in braces</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Elements can be negated with a leading exclamation mark (`!'),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the match list names "any", "none", "localhost", and
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews "localnets" are predefined. More information on those names
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews can be found in the description of the acl statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The addition of the key clause made the name of this syntactic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element something of a misnomer, since security keys can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to validate access without regard to a host or network address.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Nonetheless, the term "address match list" is still used
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews throughout the documentation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a given IP address or prefix is compared to an address
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews match list, the comparison takes place in approximately O(1)
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews time. However, key comparisons require that the list of keys
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be traversed until a matching key is found, and therefore may
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be somewhat slower.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater used for access control, defining <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> ports, or in a
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>, and whether the element was negated.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews When used as an access control list, a non-negated match
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews allows access and a negated match denies access. If
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews there is no match, access is denied. The clauses
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>, and
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span> all use address match
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater lists. Similarly, the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option will cause the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews server to refuse queries on any of the machine's
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews addresses which do not match the list.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Order of insertion is significant. If more than one element
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews in an ACL is found to match a given IP address or prefix,
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews preference will be given to the one that came
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> in the ACL definition.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Because of this first-match behavior, an element that
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews defines a subset of another element in the list should
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews come before the broader element, regardless of whether
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews either is negated. For example, in
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">1.2.3/24; ! 1.2.3.13;</strong></span>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews the 1.2.3.13 element is completely useless because the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews algorithm will match any lookup for 1.2.3.13 to the 1.2.3/24
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews element. Using <span><strong class="command">! 1.2.3.13; 1.2.3/24</strong></span> fixes
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews that problem by having 1.2.3.13 blocked by the negation, but
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews all other 1.2.3.* hosts fall through.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2573923"></a>Comment Syntax</h3></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 comment syntax allows for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comments to appear
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews anywhere that whitespace may appear in a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. To appeal to programmers of all kinds, they can be written
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2574006"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">/* This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C */</pre>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">// This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C++</pre>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"># This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in common UNIX shells
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater# and perl</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2574036"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Comments may appear anywhere that whitespace may appear in
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments start with the two characters /* (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein star) and end with */ (star, slash). Because they are completely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delimited with these characters, they can be used to comment only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a portion of a line or to span multiple lines.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments cannot be nested. For example, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not valid because the entire comment ends with the first */:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">/* This is the start of a comment.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce This is still part of the comment.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce/* This is an incorrect attempt at nesting a comment. */
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce This is no longer in any comment. */
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C++-style comments start with the two characters // (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">// This is the start of a comment. The next line
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce// is a new comment, even though it is logically
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce// part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Shell-style (or perl-style, if you prefer) comments start
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the character <code class="literal">#</code> (number sign)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and continue to the end of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein physical line, as in C++ comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"># This is the start of a comment. The next line
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce# is a new comment, even though it is logically
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce# part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You cannot use the semicolon (`;') character
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to start a comment such as you would in a zone file. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein semicolon indicates the end of a configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Configuration_File_Grammar"></a>Configuration File Grammar</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews A <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration consists of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements and comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statements end with a semicolon. Statements and comments are the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only elements that can appear without enclosing braces. Many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements contain a block of sub-statements, which are also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein terminated with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following statements are supported:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching list, for access control and other uses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares control channels to be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein includes a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies key information for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authentication and authorization using TSIG.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies what the server logs, and where
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log messages are sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configures <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews also act as a light-weight resolver daemon (<span><strong class="command">lwresd</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named masters list for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inclusion in stub and slave zone masters clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls global server configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options and sets defaults for other statements.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span></p>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater sets certain configuration options on
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater a per-server basis.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span></p>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater declares communication channels to get access to
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> statistics.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines trusted DNSSEC keys.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span></p>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater lists DNSSEC keys to be kept up to date
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater using RFC 5011 trust anchor maintenance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statements may only occur once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2574577"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> acl-name {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews address_match_list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="acl"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement assigns a symbolic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name to an address match list. It gets its name from a primary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use of address match lists: Access Control Lists (ACLs).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that an address match list's name must be defined
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> before it can be used
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews elsewhere; no forward references are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following ACLs are built-in:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">any</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches all hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">none</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches no hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of all network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces on the system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches any host on an IPv4 or IPv6 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the system has an interface.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Some systems do not provide a way to determine the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In such a case, <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only matches the local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 addresses, just like <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2574835"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> }
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ inet ...; ]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [ unix <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> perm <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> owner <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> group <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ unix ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="controls_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement declares control
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels to be used by system administrators to control the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation of the name server. These control channels are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility to send
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews commands to and retrieve non-DNS results from a name server.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If you will only use <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> on the local host,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the loopback address (<code class="literal">127.0.0.1</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews or <code class="literal">::1</code>) is recommended for maximum security.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews If no port is specified, port 953 is used. The asterisk
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The ability to issue commands over the control channel is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein restricted by the <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clauses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Connections to the control channel are permitted based on the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>. This is for simple
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP address based filtering only; any <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein elements of the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews are ignored.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews A <span><strong class="command">unix</strong></span> control channel is a UNIX domain
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews socket listening at the specified path in the file system.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Access to the socket is specified by the <span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">owner</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">group</strong></span> clauses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Note on some platforms (SunOS and Solaris) the permissions
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (<span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>) are applied to the parent directory
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews as the permissions on the socket itself are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary authorization mechanism of the command
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel is the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>, which
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews contains a list of <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>s.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Each <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> in the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is authorized to execute commands over the control channel.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#rndc">Remote Name Daemon Control application</a> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#admin_tools" title="Administrative Tools">the section called “Administrative Tools”</a>)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for information about configuring keys in <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement is present,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will set up a default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control channel listening on the loopback address 127.0.0.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and its IPv6 counterpart ::1.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In this case, and also when the <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is present but does not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to load the command channel key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the file <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc</code> (or whatever <code class="varname">sysconfdir</code>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews was specified as when <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> was built).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To create a <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file, run
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature was created to
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews ease the transition of systems from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which did not have digital signatures on its command channel
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews messages and thus did not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews It makes it possible to use an existing <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews configuration file in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 unchanged,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and still have <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> work the same way
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span> worked in BIND 8, simply by executing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong> after BIND 9 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only intended to allow the backward-compatible usage of
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 configuration files, this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein feature does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have a high degree of configurability. You cannot easily change
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the key name or the size of the secret, so you should make a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> with your own key if you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein wish to change
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein those things. The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also has its
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permissions set such that only the owner of the file (the user that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running as) can access it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein desire greater flexibility in allowing other users to access
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> commands, then you need to create
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> file and make it group
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein readable by a group
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that contains the users who should have access.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews To disable the command channel, use an empty
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">controls { };</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2575194"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>;</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2575211"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> statement inserts the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified file at the point where the <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is encountered. The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement facilitates the administration of configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by permitting the reading or writing of some things but not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein others. For example, the statement could include private keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are readable only by the name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2575235"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein algorithm <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secret <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2575258"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement defines a shared
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secret key for use with TSIG (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the command channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement can occur at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. Keys defined in top-level <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements can be used in all views. Keys intended for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be defined at the top level.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>, also known as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name, is a domain name uniquely identifying the key. It can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in a <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement to cause requests sent to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to be signed with this key, or in address match lists to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein verify that incoming requests have been signed with a key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this name, algorithm, and secret.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em> is a string
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews that specifies a security/authentication algorithm. Named
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews supports <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews and <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code> TSIG authentication.
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews Truncated hashes are supported by appending the minimum
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews number of required bits preceded by a dash, e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em> is the secret
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews to be used by the algorithm, and is treated as a base-64
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews encoded string.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2575349"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> {
cf3f55777b86527d5b00bb39d661c5fe6f9625f2Automatic Updater ( <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> | <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> ) ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>size spec</code></em> ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>syslog_facility</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> );
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> (<code class="option">critical</code> | <code class="option">error</code> | <code class="option">warning</code> | <code class="option">notice</code> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">info</code> | <code class="option">debug</code> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em> ] | <code class="option">dynamic</code> ); ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>category_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; [ <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; ... ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2575475"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement configures a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein variety of logging options for the name server. Its <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associates output methods, format options and severity levels with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a name that can then be used with the <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to select how various classes of messages are logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only one <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as many channels and categories as are wanted. If there is no <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the logging configuration will be:
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson category unmatched { null; };
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the logging configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only established when
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews the entire configuration file has been parsed. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, it was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein established as soon as the <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was parsed. When the server is starting up, all logging messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regarding syntax errors in the configuration file go to the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels, or to standard error if the "<code class="option">-g</code>" option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2575527"></a>The <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All log output goes to one or more <span class="emphasis"><em>channels</em></span>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you can make as many of them as you want.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Every channel definition must include a destination clause that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein says whether messages selected for the channel go to a file, to a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein particular syslog facility, to the standard error stream, or are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discarded. It can optionally also limit the message severity level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that will be accepted by the channel (the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span>), and whether to include a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>-generated time stamp, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and/or severity level (the default is not to include any).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein causes all messages sent to the channel to be discarded;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that case, other options for the channel are meaningless.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> destination clause directs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to a disk file. It can include limitations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both on how large the file is allowed to become, and how many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file will be saved each time the file is opened.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you use the <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> log file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will retain that many backup
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein versions of the file by
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews renaming them when opening. For example, if you choose to keep
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews three old versions
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews of the file <code class="filename">lamers.log</code>, then just
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before it is opened
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code> is renamed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.2</code>, <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code> is renamed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code>, and <code class="filename">lamers.log</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renamed to <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You can say <span><strong class="command">versions unlimited</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the number of versions.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option is associated with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log file,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then renaming is only done when the file being opened exceeds the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated size. No backup versions are kept by default; any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log file is simply appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option for files is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to limit log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein growth. If the file ever exceeds the size, then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop writing to the file unless it has a <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with it. If backup versions are kept, the files are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein described above and a new one begun. If there is no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option, no more data will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be written to the log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein until some out-of-band mechanism removes or truncates the log to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein less than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum size. The default behavior is not to limit the size of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Example usage of the <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> options:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel an_example_channel {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce file "example.log" versions 3 size 20m;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce print-time yes;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce print-category yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the system log. Its argument is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog facility as described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. Known facilities are <span><strong class="command">kern</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">user</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">mail</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">auth</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">lpr</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">news</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">uucp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">cron</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">authpriv</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ftp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local0</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local1</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local2</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local3</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local4</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local5</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local6</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local7</strong></span>, however not all facilities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all operating systems.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> will handle messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this facility is described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. If you have a system which uses a very old version of <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only uses two arguments to the <span><strong class="command">openlog()</strong></span> function,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then this clause is silently ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> clause works like <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>'s
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "priorities", except that they can also be used if you are writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein straight to a file rather than using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages which are not at least of the severity level given will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be selected for the channel; messages of higher severity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you are using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, then the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> priorities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will also determine what eventually passes through. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defining a channel facility and severity as <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only logging <span><strong class="command">daemon.warning</strong></span> via <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause messages of severity <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notice</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be dropped. If the situation were reversed, with <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages of only <span><strong class="command">warning</strong></span> or higher,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then <span><strong class="command">syslogd</strong></span> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print all messages it received from the channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the server's standard error stream. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use when the server is running as a foreground process, for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when debugging a configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server can supply extensive debugging information when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is in debugging mode. If the server's global debug level is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than zero, then debugging mode will be active. The global debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level is set either by starting the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the <code class="option">-d</code> flag followed by a positive integer,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or by running <span><strong class="command">rndc trace</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The global debug level
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews can be set to zero, and debugging mode turned off, by running <span><strong class="command">rndc
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinnotrace</strong></span>. All debugging messages in the server have a debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level, and higher debug levels give more detailed output. Channels
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that specify a specific debug severity, for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel specific_debug_level {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce severity debug 3;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will get debugging output of level 3 or less any time the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server is in debugging mode, regardless of the global debugging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level. Channels with <span><strong class="command">dynamic</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's global debug level to determine what messages to print.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> has been turned on,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and time will be logged. <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified for a <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> channel,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but is usually
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater pointless since <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> also logs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. If <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requested, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category of the message will be logged as well. Finally, if <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on, then the severity level of the message will be logged. The <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in any combination, and will always be printed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order: time, category, severity. Here is an example where all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">28-Feb-2000 15:05:32.863 general: notice: running</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are four predefined channels that are used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>'s default logging as follows.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_category_phrase" title="The category Phrase">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel default_syslog {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // send to syslog's daemon facility
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater syslog daemon;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // only send priority info and higher
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity info;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafssonchannel default_debug {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // write to named.run in the working directory
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // Note: stderr is used instead of "named.run" if
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // the server is started with the '-f' option.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // log at the server's current debug level
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity dynamic;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafssonchannel default_stderr {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // writes to stderr
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // only send priority info and higher
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity info;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // toss anything sent to this channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">default_debug</strong></span> channel has the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein property that it only produces output when the server's debug
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews nonzero. It normally writes to a file called <code class="filename">named.run</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the server's working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For security reasons, when the "<code class="option">-u</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option is used, the <code class="filename">named.run</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is created only after <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changed to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein new UID, and any debug output generated while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein starting up and still running as root is discarded. If you need
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to capture this output, you must run the server with the "<code class="option">-g</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option and redirect standard error to a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once a channel is defined, it cannot be redefined. Thus you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot alter the built-in channels directly, but you can modify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default logging by pointing categories at channels you have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_category_phrase"></a>The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are many categories, so you can send the logs you want
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to see wherever you want, without seeing logs you don't want. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you don't specify a list of channels for a category, then log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that category will be sent to the <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span> category
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instead. If you don't specify a default category, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "default default" is used:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As an example, let's say you want to log security events to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a file, but you also want keep the default logging behavior. You'd
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel my_security_channel {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce file "my_security_file";
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce severity info;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafssoncategory security {
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson my_security_channel;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson default_syslog;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson default_debug;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To discard all messages in a category, specify the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category xfer-out { null; };
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafssoncategory notify { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following are the available categories and brief descriptions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the types of log information they contain. More
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews categories may be added in future <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> releases.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">default</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default category defines the logging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options for those categories where no specific
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">general</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The catch-all. Many things still aren't
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein classified into categories, and they all end up here.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages relating to the databases used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internally by the name server to store zone and cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">config</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Configuration file parsing and processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">resolver</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS resolution, such as the recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lookups performed on behalf of clients by a caching name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-in</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is receiving.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-out</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is sending.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The NOTIFY protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">client</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Processing of client requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">unmatched</strong></span></p>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Messages that <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> was unable to determine the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class of or for which there was no matching <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A one line summary is also logged to the <span><strong class="command">client</strong></span> category.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default it is sent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">network</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Network operations.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update-security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of update requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify where queries should be logged to.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews At startup, specifying the category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span> will also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enable query logging unless <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> option has been
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews The query log entry reports the client's IP
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews address and port number, and the query name,
919c99b7a47dadd4564eb2b48be2f59216d932fcAutomatic Updater class and type. Next it reports whether the
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews Recursion Desired flag was set (+ if set, -
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews if not set), if the query was signed (S),
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater EDNS was in use (E), if DO (DNSSEC Ok) was
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater set (D), or if CD (Checking Disabled) was set
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater (C). After this the destination address the
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater query was sent to is reported.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#62536: query: www.example.com IN AAAA +SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client ::1#62537: query: www.example.net IN AAAA -SE</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Information about queries that resulted in some
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dispatch</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dispatching of incoming packets to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server modules where they are to be processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dnssec</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC and TSIG protocol processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lame-servers</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Lame servers. These are misconfigurations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in remote servers, discovered by BIND 9 when trying to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query those servers during resolution.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Delegation only. Logs queries that have been
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater forced to NXDOMAIN as the result of a
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater delegation-only zone or a
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span> in a hint
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater or stub zone declaration.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">edns-disabled</strong></span></p>
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews Log queries that have been forced to use plain
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews DNS due to timeouts. This is often due to
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews the remote servers not being RFC 1034 compliant
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews (not always returning FORMERR or similar to
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews EDNS queries and other extensions to the DNS
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews when they are not understood). In other words, this is
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews targeted at servers that fail to respond to
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews DNS queries that they don't understand.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews Note: the log message can also be due to
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews packet loss. Before reporting servers for
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews non-RFC 1034 compliance they should be re-tested
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews to determine the nature of the non-compliance.
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews This testing should prevent or reduce the
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews number of false-positive reports.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews Note: eventually <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will have to stop
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater treating such timeouts as due to RFC 1034 non
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews compliance and start treating it as plain
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews packet loss. Falsely classifying packet
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews loss as due to RFC 1034 non compliance impacts
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews on DNSSEC validation which requires EDNS for
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews the DNSSEC records to be returned.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2577022"></a>The <span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span> Category</h4></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span> category is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater specifically intended for debugging purposes: To identify
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater why and how specific queries result in responses which
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater indicate an error.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Messages of this category are therefore only logged
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater with <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> levels.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 1 or higher, each response with the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater rcode of SERVFAIL is logged as follows:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#61502: query failed (SERVFAIL) for www.example.com/IN/AAAA at query.c:3880</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This means an error resulting in SERVFAIL was
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater detected at line 3880 of source file
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Log messages of this level will particularly
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater help identify the cause of SERVFAIL for an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater authoritative server.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 2 or higher, detailed context
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater information of recursive resolutions that resulted in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL is logged.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The log message will look like as follows:
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterfetch completed at resolver.c:2970 for www.example.com/A
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterin 30.000183: timed out/success [domain:example.com,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterreferral:2,restart:7,qrysent:8,timeout:5,lame:0,neterr:0,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterbadresp:1,adberr:0,findfail:0,valfail:0]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The first part before the colon shows that a recursive
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolution for AAAA records of www.example.com completed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater in 30.000183 seconds and the final result that led to the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL was determined at line 2970 of source file
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The following part shows the detected final result and the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater latest result of DNSSEC validation.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The latter is always success when no validation attempt
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In this example, this query resulted in SERVFAIL probably
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater because all name servers are down or unreachable, leading
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to a timeout in 30 seconds.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation was probably not attempted.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The last part enclosed in square brackets shows statistics
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater information collected for this particular resolution
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <code class="varname">domain</code> field shows the deepest zone
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater that the resolver reached;
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater it is the zone where the error was finally detected.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The meaning of the other fields is summarized in the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater following table.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">referral</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of referrals the resolver received
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater throughout the resolution process.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In the above example this is 2, which are most
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">restart</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of cycles that the resolver tried
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater remote servers at the <code class="varname">domain</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In each cycle the resolver sends one query
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater (possibly resending it, depending on the response)
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to each known name server of
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">qrysent</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of queries the resolver sent at the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">timeout</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of timeouts since the resolver
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater received the last response.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of lame servers the resolver detected
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater A server is detected to be lame either by an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater invalid response or as a result of lookup in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater BIND9's address database (ADB), where lame
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater servers are cached.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">neterr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of erroneous results that the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver encountered in sending queries
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case is the remote server is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater unreachable and the resolver receives an ICMP
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater unreachable error message.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">badresp</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of unexpected responses (other than
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">lame</code>) to queries sent by the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">adberr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures in finding remote server addresses
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater of the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone in the ADB.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case of this is that the remote
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater server's name does not have any address records.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">findfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of resolving remote server addresses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is a total number of failures throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">valfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of DNSSEC validation.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Validation failures are counted throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process (not limited to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone), but should
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater only happen in <code class="varname">domain</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 3 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 1 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Note that negative responses such as NXDOMAIN are not
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater regarded as errors here.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 4 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 2 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Unlike the above case of level 3, messages are logged for
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater negative responses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is because any unexpected results can be difficult to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater debug in the recursion case.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2577474"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> listen-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> view <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> search { <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ndots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2577547"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statement configures the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to also act as a lightweight resolver server. (See
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#lwresd" title="Running a Resolver Daemon">the section called “Running a Resolver Daemon”</a>.) There may be multiple
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statements configuring
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lightweight resolver servers with different properties.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statement specifies a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses (and ports) that this instance of a lightweight resolver
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should accept requests on. If no port is specified, port 921 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If this statement is omitted, requests will be accepted on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement binds this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instance of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lightweight resolver daemon to a view in the DNS namespace, so that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response will be constructed in the same manner as a normal DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this view. If this statement is omitted, the default view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used, and if there is no default view, an error is triggered.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It provides a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of domains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which are appended to relative names in queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It indicates the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of dots in a relative domain name that should result in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exact match lookup before search path elements are appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2577611"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> |
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2577723"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists allow for a common set of masters to be easily used by
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews multiple stub and slave zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2577738"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> {
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> attach-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> version <em class="replaceable"><code>version_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> hostname <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> server-id <em class="replaceable"><code>server_id_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> named-xfer <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-credential <em class="replaceable"><code>principal</code></em>; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> tkey-domain <em class="replaceable"><code>domainname</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tkey-dhkey <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_tag</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> cache-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dump-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> bindkeys-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> memstatistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> memstatistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pid-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> recursing-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> statistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> auth-nxdomain <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> deallocate-on-exit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> fake-iquery <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> fetch-glue <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> flush-zones-on-shutdown <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> has-old-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> host-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> host-statistics-max <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> minimal-responses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multiple-cnames <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> recursion <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> rfc2308-type1 <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-id-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences (<em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <code class="constant">master</code> | <code class="constant">slave</code>); </span>]
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-validation <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-lookaside ( <em class="replaceable"><code>auto</code></em> |
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> trust-anchor <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> ); </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-must-be-secure <em class="replaceable"><code>domain yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-accept-expired <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forward ( <em class="replaceable"><code>only</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>first</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
7326ba2f542b89196323867a1457f596f99e315dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dual-stack-servers [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews ( <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] |
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ) ;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews ... }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-names ( <em class="replaceable"><code>master</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>slave</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>response</code></em> )
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-mx ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-mx-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-srv-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-sibling <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnskey-ksk-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;</span>]
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-v6-synthesis { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> blackhole { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> avoid-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> avoid-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> listen-on [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> listen-on-v6 [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] |
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] ) ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] |
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] ) ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tcp-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> reserved-sockets <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> recursive-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> serial-query-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> serial-queries <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tcp-listen-queue <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-per-ns <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> coresize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> datasize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> files <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> stacksize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> heartbeat-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> interface-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> statistics-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> topology { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sortlist { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> rrset-order { <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; ... </span>] </span>] };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> lame-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ncache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-cache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-roots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> treat-cr-as-space <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> additional-from-auth <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> additional-from-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> random-device <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-cache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> match-mapped-addresses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> preferred-glue ( <em class="replaceable"><code>A</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>AAAA</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>NONE</code></em> ); </span>]
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> root-delegation-only [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>] ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> querylog <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> disable-algorithms <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-acache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
538a83db7509d598da95a93bd7b74ef3112123a4Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
538a83db7509d598da95a93bd7b74ef3112123a4Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> empty-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> empty-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> empty-zones-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> disable-empty-zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-addresses { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-aliases { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="options"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement sets up global
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>. This statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may appear only
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews once in a configuration file. If there is no <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, an options block with each option set to its default will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Allows multiple views to share a single cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Each view has its own cache database by default, but
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater if multiple views have the same operational policy
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater for name resolution and caching, those views can
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater share a single cache to save memory and possibly
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater improve resolution efficiency by using this option.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater may also be specified in <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater statements, in which case it overrides the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater global <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em> specifies
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the cache to be shared.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater When the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server configures
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater views which are supposed to share a cache, it
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater creates a cache with the specified name for the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater first view of these sharing views.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The rest of the views will simply refer to the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater already created cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater One common configuration to share a cache would be to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater allow all views to share a single cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater This can be done by specifying
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> as a global
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater option with an arbitrary name.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Another possible operation is to allow a subset of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater all views to share a cache while the others to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater retain their own caches.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater For example, if there are three views A, B, and C,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater and only A and B should share a cache, specify the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option as a view A (or
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater B)'s option, referring to the other view name:
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view has its own cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view refers to A's cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater attach-cache "A";
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view has its own cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Views that share a cache must have the same policy
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater on configurable parameters that may affect caching.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The current implementation requires the following
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater configurable options be consistent among these
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span>, and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Note that there may be other parameters that may
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater cause confusion if they are inconsistent for
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater different views that share a single cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater For example, if these views define different sets of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater forwarders that can return different answers for the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater same question, sharing the answer does not make
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater sense or could even be harmful.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater It is administrator's responsibility to ensure
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater configuration differences in different views do
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater not cause disruption with a shared cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The working directory of the server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Any non-absolute pathnames in the configuration file will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as relative to this directory. The default location for most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein output files (e.g. <code class="filename">named.run</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is this directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a directory is not specified, the working directory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defaults to `<code class="filename">.</code>', the directory from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which the server
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews was started. The directory specified should be an absolute
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When performing dynamic update of secure zones, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein directory where the public and private DNSSEC key files
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be found, if different than the current working
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater directory. The directory specified must be an absolute
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater path. (Note that this option has no effect on the paths
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater for files containing non-DNSSEC keys such as
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">session.key</code>.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete.</em></span> It
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to specify
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews the pathname to the <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews program. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, no separate
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span> program is needed;
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews its functionality is built into the name server.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-gssapi-credential</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The security credential with which the server should
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews authenticate keys requested by the GSS-TSIG protocol.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Currently only Kerberos 5 authentication is available
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews and the credential is a Kerberos principal which
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews the server can acquire through the default system
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews key file, normally <code class="filename">/etc/krb5.keytab</code>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Normally this principal is of the form
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews "<strong class="userinput"><code>dns/</code></strong><code class="varname">server.domain</code>".
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews To use GSS-TSIG, <span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews must also be set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The domain appended to the names of all shared keys
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews generated with <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. When a
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews client requests a <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span> exchange,
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews it may or may not specify the desired name for the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews key. If present, the name of the shared key will
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews be <code class="varname">client specified part</code> +
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>. Otherwise, the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews name of the shared key will be <code class="varname">random hex
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews digits</code> + <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews In most cases, the <span><strong class="command">domainname</strong></span>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews should be the server's domain name, or an otherwise
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews non-existent subdomain like
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews "_tkey.<code class="varname">domainname</code>". If you are
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews using GSS-TSIG, this variable must be defined.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-dhkey</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Diffie-Hellman key used by the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to generate shared keys with clients using the Diffie-Hellman
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. The server must be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein able to load the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein public and private keys from files in the working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein most cases, the keyname should be the server's host name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cache-file</strong></span></span></dt>
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews This is for testing only. Do not use.
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dump-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server dumps
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the database to when instructed to do so with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rndc dumpdb</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named_dump.db</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server writes memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein usage statistics to on exit. If not specified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default is <code class="filename">named.memstats</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pid-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in. If not specified, the default is
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code>.
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater The PID file is used by programs that want to send signals to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name server. Specifying <span><strong class="command">pid-file none</strong></span> disables the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use of a PID file — no file will be written and any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein existing one will be removed. Note that <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a keyword, not a filename, and therefore is not enclosed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein double quotes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursing-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews The pathname of the file the server dumps
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews the queries that are currently recursing when instructed
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews to do so with <span><strong class="command">rndc recursing</strong></span>.
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.recursing</code>.
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server appends statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to when instructed to do so using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.stats</code> in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's current directory. The format of the file is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">bindkeys-file</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater The pathname of a file to override the built-in trusted
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater keys provided by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater See the discussion of <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater for details. If not specified, the default is
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater <code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file into which to write a TSIG
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater session key generated by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> for use by
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span>. If not specified, the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater default is <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater (See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>, and in
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater particular the discussion of the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement's
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong> option for more
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater information about this feature.)
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyname</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The key name to use for the TSIG session key.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is "local-ddns".
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyalg</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The algorithm to use for the TSIG session key.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Valid values are hmac-sha1, hmac-sha224, hmac-sha256,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater hmac-sha384, hmac-sha512 and hmac-md5. If not
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater specified, the default is hmac-sha256.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file into which to write a session TSIG
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater key for use by <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span>. (See the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater discussion of the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater statement's <strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong> option for more
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater details on this feature.)
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">port</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein receiving and sending DNS protocol traffic.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 53. This option is mainly intended for server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a server using a port other than 53 will not be able to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein communicate with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the global DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The source of entropy to be used by the server. Entropy is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein primarily needed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for DNSSEC operations, such as TKEY transactions and dynamic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein update of signed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones. This options specifies the device (or file) from which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entropy. If this is a file, operations requiring entropy will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail when the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file has been exhausted. If not specified, the default value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (or equivalent) when present, and none otherwise. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span> option takes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein effect during
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the initial configuration load at server startup time and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is ignored on subsequent reloads.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">preferred-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If specified, the listed type (A or AAAA) will be emitted
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews before other glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the additional section of a query response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is not to prefer any type (NONE).
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<a name="root_delegation_only"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Turn on enforcement of delegation-only in TLDs
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater (top level domains) and root zones with an optional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DS queries are expected to be made to and be answered by
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater delegation only zones. Such queries and responses are
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater treated as an exception to delegation-only processing
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater and are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses provided
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater a CNAME is not discovered at the query name.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater If a delegation only zone server also serves a child
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater zone it is not always possible to determine whether
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater an answer comes from the delegation only zone or the
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater child zone. SOA NS and DNSKEY records are apex
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater only records and a matching response that contains
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater these records or DS is treated as coming from a
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater child zone. RRSIG records are also examined to see
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater if they are signed by a child zone or not. The
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater authority section is also examined to see if there
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater is evidence that the answer is from the child zone.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Answers that are determined to be from a child zone
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses. Despite
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater all these checks there is still a possibility of
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater false negatives when a child zone is being served.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Similarly false positives can arise from empty nodes
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater (no records at the name) in the delegation only zone
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater when the query type is not ANY.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Note some TLDs are not delegation only (e.g. "DE", "LV",
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater "US" and "MUSEUM"). This list is not exhaustive.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein root-delegation-only exclude { "de"; "lv"; "us"; "museum"; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disable the specified DNSSEC algorithms at and below the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only the most specific will be applied.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater When set, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> provides the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater validator with an alternate method to validate DNSKEY
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater records at the top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater below a domain specified by the deepest
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>, and the normal DNSSEC
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater validation has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater will be appended to the key name and a DLV record will be
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater looked up to see if it can validate the key. If the DLV
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater record validates a DNSKEY (similarly to the way a DS
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater record does) the DNSKEY RRset is deemed to be trusted.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, then built-in default
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater values for the DLV domain and trust anchor will be
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater used, along with a built-in key for validation.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater The default DLV key is stored in the file
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">bind.keys</code>, which
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> loads at startup if
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <code class="constant">auto</code>. A copy of that file is
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater installed along with <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, and is
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater current as of the release date. If the DLV key expires, a
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater new copy of <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> can be downloaded
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater from <a href="" target="_top">https://www.isc.org/solutions/dlv</a>.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater (To prevent problems if <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> is
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater not found, the current key is also compiled in to
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. Relying on this is not
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater recommended, however, as it requires <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater to be recompiled with a new key when the DLV key expires.)
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater NOTE: Using <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> to store
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater locally-configured keys is possible, but not
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater recommended, as the file will be overwritten whenever
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 is re-installed or upgraded.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-must-be-secure</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify hierarchies which must be or may not be secure
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater (signed and validated). If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will only accept answers if
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater they are secure. If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then normal
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater DNSSEC validation applies allowing for insecure answers to
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater be accepted. The specified domain must be under a
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> or
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, or
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> must be active.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="boolean_options"></a>Boolean Options</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the <span><strong class="command">AA</strong></span> bit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is always set on NXDOMAIN responses, even if the server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a change from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8. If you
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews are using very old DNS software, you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may need to set it to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">deallocate-on-exit</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews 8 to enable checking
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for memory leaks on exit. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option and always performs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics</strong></span></span></dt>
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews Write memory statistics to the file specified by
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span> at exit.
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> unless
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews '-m record' is specified on the command line in
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews which case it is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server treats all zones as if they are doing zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a dial-on-demand dialup link, which can be brought up by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein originating from this server. This has different effects
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to zone type and concentrates the zone maintenance so that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein happens in a short interval, once every <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hopefully during the one call. It also suppresses some of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone maintenance traffic. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in which case it overrides the global <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the zone is a master zone, then the server will send out a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein request to all the slaves (default). This should trigger the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number check in the slave (providing it supports NOTIFY)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowing the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to verify the zone while the connection is active.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The set of servers to which NOTIFY is sent can be controlled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is a slave or stub zone, then the server will suppress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "zone up to date" (refresh) queries and only perform them
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> expires in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addition to sending
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NOTIFY requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Finer control can be achieved by using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong> which only sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong> which sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein suppresses the normal refresh queries, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which suppresses normal refresh processing and sends refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expires, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong> which just disables normal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein normal refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein heart-beat refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein heart-beat notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> (default)</p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">refresh</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify-passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that normal NOTIFY processing is not affected by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fake-iquery</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews enabled simulating the obsolete DNS query type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IQUERY. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 never does
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews IQUERY simulation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, <strong class="userinput"><code>fetch-glue yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caused the server to attempt to fetch glue resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein didn't have when constructing the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data section of a response. This is now considered a bad
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and BIND 9 never does it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the nameserver exits due receiving SIGTERM,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein flush or do not flush any pending zone writes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was incorrectly implemented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, and is ignored by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews To achieve the intended effect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the two separate options <span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> instead.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, this enables keeping of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statistics for every host that the name server interacts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">maintain-ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews determine whether a transaction log was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein kept for Incremental Zone Transfer. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains a transaction
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews log whenever possible. If you need to disable outgoing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers, use <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">minimal-responses</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein responses the server will only add records to the authority
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and additional data sections when they are required (e.g.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews delegations, negative responses). This may improve the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews performance of the server.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multiple-cnames</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to allow
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews a domain name to have multiple CNAME records in violation of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the DNS standards. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.2 onwards
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews always strictly enforces the CNAME rules both in master
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews files and dynamic updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> (the default),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS NOTIFY messages are sent when a zone the server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changes, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#notify" title="Notify">the section called “Notify”</a>. The messages are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers listed in the zone's NS records (except the master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server identified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the SOA MNAME field), and to any servers listed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>master-only</code></strong>, notifies are only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for master zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>explicit</code></strong>, notifies are sent only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers explicitly listed using <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, no notifies are sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> option may also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in which case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options notify</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It would only be necessary to turn off this option if it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caused slaves
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> do not check the nameservers
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews in the NS RRset against the SOA MNAME. Normally a NOTIFY
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews message is not sent to the SOA MNAME (SOA ORIGIN) as it is
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews supposed to contain the name of the ultimate master.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews Sometimes, however, a slave is listed as the SOA MNAME in
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews hidden master configurations and in that case you would
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews want the ultimate master to still send NOTIFY messages to
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews all the nameservers listed in the NS RRset.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS query requests recursion, then the server will attempt
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all the work required to answer the query. If recursion is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the server does not already know the answer, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referral response. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that setting <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> does not prevent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients from getting data from the server's cache; it only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prevents new data from being cached as an effect of client
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Caching may still occur as an effect the server's internal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation, such as NOTIFY address lookups.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See also <span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span> above.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting this to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause the server to send NS records along with the SOA
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record for negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not yet implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-id-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 always allocates query
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews IDs from a pool.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will collect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statistical data on all zones (unless specifically turned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on a per-zone basis by specifying <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater These statistics may be accessed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>, which will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein dump them to the file listed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span>. See
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you need to disable IXFR to a particular server or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers, see
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews the information on the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#incremental_zone_transfers" title="Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)">the section called “Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">treat-cr-as-space</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server treat carriage return ("<span><strong class="command">\r</strong></span>") characters the same way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as a space or tab character,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to facilitate loading of zone files on a UNIX system that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein were generated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on an NT or DOS machine. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, both UNIX "<span><strong class="command">\n</strong></span>"
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews and NT/DOS "<span><strong class="command">\r\n</strong></span>" newlines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are always accepted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the option is ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-auth</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options control the behavior of an authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering queries which have additional data, or when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein following CNAME
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and DNAME chains.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When both of these options are set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (the default) and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query is being answered from authoritative data (a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configured into the server), the additional data section of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reply will be filled in using data from other authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and from the cache. In some situations this is undesirable,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as when there is concern over the correctness of the cache,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in servers where slave zones may be added and modified by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein untrusted third parties. Also, avoiding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the search for this additional data will speed up server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at the possible expense of additional queries to resolve
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise be provided in the additional section.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, if a query asks for an MX record for host <code class="literal">foo.example.com</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the record found is "<code class="literal">MX 10 mail.example.net</code>", normally the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records (A and AAAA) for <code class="literal">mail.example.net</code> will be provided as well,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if known, even though they are not in the example.com zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting these options to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables this behavior and makes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server only search for additional data in the zone it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers from.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options are intended for use in authoritative-only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers, or in authoritative-only views. Attempts to set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein them to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> without also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> will cause the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ignore the options and log a warning message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span> actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables the use of the cache not only for additional data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but also when looking up the answer. This is usually the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behavior in an authoritative-only server where the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein correctness of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the cached data is an issue.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a name server is non-recursively queried for a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below the apex of any served zone, it normally answers with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "upwards referral" to the root servers or the servers of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein known parent of the query name. Since the data in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein upwards referral
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comes from the cache, the server will not be able to provide
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referrals when <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has been specified. Instead, it will respond to such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with REFUSED. This should not cause any problems since
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein upwards referrals are not required for the resolution
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">match-mapped-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4-mapped IPv6 address will match any address match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list entries that match the corresponding IPv4 address.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater This option was introduced to work around a kernel quirk
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater in some operating systems that causes IPv4 TCP
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater connections, such as zone transfers, to be accepted on an
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater IPv6 socket using mapped addresses. This caused address
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater match lists designed for IPv4 to fail to match. However,
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> now solves this problem
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater internally. The use of this option is discouraged.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater When <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and the server loads a new version of a master
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater zone from its zone file or receives a new version of a slave
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater file by a non-incremental zone transfer, it will compare
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater the new version to the previous one and calculate a set
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater of differences. The differences are then logged in the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater zone's journal file such that the changes can be transmitted
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater to downstream slaves as an incremental zone transfer.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater By allowing incremental zone transfers to be used for
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater non-dynamic zones, this option saves bandwidth at the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater expense of increased CPU and memory consumption at the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater In particular, if the new version of a zone is completely
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater different from the previous one, the set of differences
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater will be of a size comparable to the combined size of the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater old and new zone version, and the server will need to
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater temporarily allocate memory to hold this complete
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater difference set.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater also accepts <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> at the view and options
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater levels which causes
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> to be enabled for
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater all <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> or
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones respectively.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater It is off by default.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater addresses refer to different machines. If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater when the serial number on the master is less than what <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater has. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Enable DNSSEC support in <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. Unless set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> behaves as if it does not support DNSSEC.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Enable DNSSEC validation in <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note <span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> to be effective.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Accept expired signatures when verifying DNSSEC signatures.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting this option to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein leaves <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> vulnerable to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replay attacks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify whether query logging should be started when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> is not specified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then the query logging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is determined by the presence of the logging category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater This option is used to restrict the character set and syntax
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the network. The default varies according to usage
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For answers received from the network (<span><strong class="command">response</strong></span>)
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater the default is <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rules for legal hostnames and mail domains are derived
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from RFC 952 and RFC 821 as modified by RFC 1123.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein applies to the owner names of A, AAAA and MX records.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater It also applies to the domain names in the RDATA of NS, SOA,
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater MX, and SRV records.
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews It also applies to the RDATA of PTR records where the owner
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews name indicated that it is a reverse lookup of a hostname
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews (the owner name ends in IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA, or IP6.INT).
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
67354524bee279b7242a1a35b061151754e057b1Automatic Updater Check whether the MX record appears to refer to a IP address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>. Other possible
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews values are <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span> and
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater This option is used to check for non-terminal wildcards.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater The use of non-terminal wildcards is almost always as a
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews result of a failure
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034).
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater affects master zones. The default (<span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>) is to check
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews for non-terminal wildcards and issue a warning.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Perform post load zone integrity checks on master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones. This checks that MX and SRV records refer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to address (A or AAAA) records and that glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address records exist for delegated zones. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX and SRV records only in-zone hostnames are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked (for out-of-zone hostnames use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For NS records only names below top of zone are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked (for out-of-zone names and glue consistency
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checks use <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail, warn or ignore MX records that refer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-srv-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
f02216f5b390ff0a589fa080f29350fd7794bf5cMark Andrews fail, warn or ignore SRV records that refer
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews When performing integrity checks, also check that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sibling glue exists. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When returning authoritative negative responses to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews SOA queries set the TTL of the SOA record returned in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the authority section to zero.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When caching a negative response to a SOA query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the TTL to zero.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When set to the default value of <code class="literal">yes</code>,
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews check the KSK bit in each key to determine how the key
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews should be used when generating RRSIGs for a secure zone.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Ordinarily, zone-signing keys (that is, keys without the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews KSK bit set) are used to sign the entire zone, while
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews key-signing keys (keys with the KSK bit set) are only
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater used to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex.
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater However, if this option is set to <code class="literal">no</code>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews then the KSK bit is ignored; KSKs are treated as if they
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews were ZSKs and are used to sign the entire zone. This is
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater similar to the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone -z</strong></span>
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater command line option.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews When this option is set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, there
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews must be at least two active keys for every algorithm
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews represented in the DNSKEY RRset: at least one KSK and one
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews ZSK per algorithm. If there is any algorithm for which
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews this requirement is not met, this option will be ignored
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews for that algorithm.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnskey-ksk-only</strong></span></span></dt>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews When this option and <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews are both set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, only key-signing
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews keys (that is, keys with the KSK bit set) will be used
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex. Zone-signing
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews keys (keys without the KSK bit set) will be used to sign
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews the remainder of the zone, but not the DNSKEY RRset.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews This is similar to the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone -x</strong></span> command line option.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>. If
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span> is set to
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <code class="literal">no</code>, this option is ignored.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Try to refresh the zone using TCP if UDP queries fail.
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews For BIND 8 compatibility, the default is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Allow a zone to transition from secure to insecure by
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater deleting all DNSKEY records. The default is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2582679"></a>Forwarding</h4></div></div></div>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater name servers. It can also be used to allow queries by servers that
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater do not have direct access to the Internet, but wish to look up
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater names anyway. Forwarding occurs only on those queries for which
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the server is not authoritative and does not have the answer in
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater This option is only meaningful if the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater forwarders list is not empty. A value of <code class="varname">first</code>,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the default, causes the server to query the forwarders
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater first — and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater if that doesn't answer the question, the server will then
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the answer itself. If <code class="varname">only</code> is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater specified, the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater server will only query the forwarders.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Specifies the IP addresses to be used
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater for forwarding. The default is the empty list (no
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews Forwarding can also be configured on a per-domain basis, allowing
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews for the global forwarding options to be overridden in a variety
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews of ways. You can set particular domains to use different
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews or have a different <span><strong class="command">forward only/first</strong></span> behavior,
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews or not forward at all, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater Statement Grammar”</a>.
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582738"></a>Dual-stack Servers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater problems in reachability due the lack of support for either IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the host machine.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies host names or addresses of machines with access to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both IPv4 and IPv6 transports. If a hostname is used, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server must be able
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to resolve the name using only the transport it has. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein machine is dual
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stacked, then the <span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span> have no effect unless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein access to a transport has been disabled on the command line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (e.g. <span><strong class="command">named -4</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="access_control"></a>Access Control</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Access to the server can be restricted based on the IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the requesting system. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a> for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein details on how to specify IP address lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein notify this server, a slave, of zone changes in addition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the zone masters.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> may also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement, in which case
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. It is only meaningful
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a slave zone. If not specified, the default is to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein process notify messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only from a zone's master.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to ask ordinary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS questions. <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which case it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-query</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from all hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is now
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to specify access to the cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which local addresses can accept ordinary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS questions. This makes it possible, for instance,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to allow queries on internal-facing interfaces but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disallow them on external-facing ones, without
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein necessarily knowing the internal network's addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which case it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-query-on</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on all addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to specify access to the cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to get answers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the cache. If <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not set then <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews is used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews is used if set unless <span><strong class="command">recursion no;</strong></span> is
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews set in which case <span><strong class="command">none;</strong></span> is used,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews otherwise the default (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which local addresses can give answers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the cache. If not specified, the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to allow cache queries on any address,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span> and
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to make recursive
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews queries through this server. If
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span> is not set
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews then <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews is used if set, otherwise the default
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies which local addresses can accept recursive
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews queries. If not specified, the default is to allow
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews recursive queries on all addresses.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews submit Dynamic DNS updates for master zones. The default is
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews updates from all hosts. Note that allowing updates based
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews on the requestor's IP address is insecure; see
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a> for details.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews submit Dynamic DNS updates to slave zones to be forwarded to
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews master. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong>,
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews means that no update forwarding will be performed. To
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater update forwarding, specify
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>allow-update-forwarding { any; };</code></strong>.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews Specifying values other than <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong> or
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>{ any; }</code></strong> is usually
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews counterproductive, since
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews the responsibility for update access control should rest
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews master server, not the slaves.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Note that enabling the update forwarding feature on a slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may expose master servers relying on insecure IP address
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews access control to attacks; see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a>
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews for more details.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-v6-synthesis</strong></span></span></dt>
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews This option was introduced for the smooth transition from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to A6 and from "nibble labels" to binary labels.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews However, since both A6 and binary labels were then
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews this option was also deprecated.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews It is now ignored with some warning messages.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein receive zone transfers from the server. <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options allow-transfer</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow transfers to all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a list of addresses that the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server will not accept queries from or use to resolve a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query. Queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from these addresses will not be responded to. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2583243"></a>Interfaces</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from may be specified using the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option. <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> takes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an optional port and an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will listen on all interfaces allowed by the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match list. If a port is not specified, port 53 will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statements are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on { 5.6.7.8; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will enable the name server on port 53 for the IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 5.6.7.8, and on port 1234 of an address on the machine in net
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1.2 that is not 1.2.3.4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> is specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server will listen on port 53 on all IPv4 interfaces.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the interfaces and the ports on which the server will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for incoming queries sent using IPv6.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server does not bind a separate socket to each IPv6 interface
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address as it does for IPv4 if the operating system has enough API
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein support for IPv6 (specifically if it conforms to RFC 3493 and RFC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it listens on the IPv6 wildcard address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the system only has incomplete API support for IPv6, however,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the behavior is the same as that for IPv4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of particular IPv6 addresses can also be specified, in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server listens on a separate socket for each specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regardless of whether the desired API is supported by the system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> options can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinlisten-on-v6 port 1234 { !2001:db8::/32; any; };
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce will enable the name server on port 53 for any IPv6 addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (with a single wildcard socket),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and on port 1234 of IPv6 addresses that is not in the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 2001:db8::/32 (with separate sockets for each matched address.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To make the server not listen on any IPv6 address, use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { none; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, the server will not listen on any IPv6 address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unless <span><strong class="command">-6</strong></span> is specified when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein invoked. If <span><strong class="command">-6</strong></span> is specified then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will listen on port 53 on all IPv6 interfaces by default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="query_address"></a>Query Address</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the server doesn't know the answer to a question, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query other name servers. <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the address and port used for such queries. For queries sent over
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6, there is a separate <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">address</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> (asterisk) or is omitted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a wildcard IP address (<span><strong class="command">INADDR_ANY</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> or is omitted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a random port number from a pre-configured
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein range is picked up and will be used for each query.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The port range(s) is that specified in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv4)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv6)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options, excluding the ranges specified in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options, respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The defaults of the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">query-source address * port *;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinquery-source-v6 address * port *;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> is unspecified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will check if the operating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system provides a programming interface to retrieve the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system's default range for ephemeral ports.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If such an interface is available,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will use the corresponding system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default range; otherwise, it will use its own defaults:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">use-v4-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
24e79a68e1b16324e17364fcd8959379ff6e20e9Mark Andrewsuse-v6-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Note: make sure the ranges be sufficiently large for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein security. A desirable size depends on various parameters,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but we generally recommend it contain at least 16384 ports
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (14 bits of entropy).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note also that the system's default range when used may be
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews too small for this purpose, and that the range may even be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changed while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running; the new
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein range will automatically be applied when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is reloaded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is encouraged to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configure <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> explicitly so that the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ranges are sufficiently large and are reasonably
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein independent from the ranges used by other applications.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: the operational configuration
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater where <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs may prohibit the use
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of some ports. For example, UNIX systems will not allow
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> running without a root privilege
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to use ports less than 1024.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If such ports are included in the specified (or detected)
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater set of query ports, the corresponding query attempts will
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater fail, resulting in resolution failures or delay.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater It is therefore important to configure the set of ports
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater that can be safely used in the expected operational environment.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The defaults of the <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">avoid-v4-udp-ports {};
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinavoid-v6-udp-ports {};
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note: BIND 9.5.0 introduced
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater option to support a pool of such random ports, but this
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater option is now obsolete because reusing the same ports in
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the pool may not be sufficiently secure.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater For the same reason, it is generally strongly discouraged to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater specify a particular port for the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> or
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> options;
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater it implicitly disables the use of randomized port numbers.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This option is obsolete.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-ports</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This option is obsolete.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This option is obsolete.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The address specified in the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> option
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater is used for both UDP and TCP queries, but the port applies only
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to UDP queries. TCP queries always use a random
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater unprivileged port.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the source
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater address for TCP sockets.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater See also <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<a name="zone_transfers"></a>Zone Transfers</h4></div></div></div>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> has mechanisms in place to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater facilitate zone transfers
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and set limits on the amount of load that transfers place on the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater system. The following options apply to zone transfers.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews Defines a global list of IP addresses of name servers
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater that are also sent NOTIFY messages whenever a fresh copy of
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews zone is loaded, in addition to the servers listed in the
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews zone's NS records.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This helps to ensure that copies of the zones will
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews quickly converge on stealth servers.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews Optionally, a port may be specified with each
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> address to send
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the notify messages to a port other than the
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews default of 53.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews If an <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is given in a <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will override
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">options also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. When a <span><strong class="command">zone notify</strong></span>
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews is set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>, the IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses in the global <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be sent NOTIFY messages for that zone. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list (no global notification list).
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Inbound zone transfers running longer than
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (1 hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers running longer than
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Slave servers will periodically query master servers
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater to find out if zone serial numbers have changed. Each such
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater a minute amount of the slave server's network bandwidth. To
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater amount of bandwidth used, BIND 9 limits the rate at which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sent. The value of the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an integer, is the maximum number of queries sent per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 20.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the maximum number of concurrent serial number queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed to be outstanding at any given time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein BIND 9 does not limit the number of outstanding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein serial queries and ignores the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it limits the rate at which the queries are sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as defined using the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers can be sent using two different formats,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the master server to determine which format it sends.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> uses one DNS message per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource record transferred.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs as many resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records as possible into a message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is more efficient, but is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only supported by relatively new slave servers,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein such as <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8.x and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.5 onwards.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> format is also supported by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recent Microsoft Windows nameservers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> may be overridden on a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein speed up the convergence
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of slave zones, but it also may increase the load on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of outbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. Zone transfer requests in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the limit will be refused. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be concurrently transferring from a given remote
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default value is <code class="literal">2</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein speed up the convergence of slave zones, but it also may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the load on the remote name server. <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be overridden on a per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews determines which local address will be bound to IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TCP connections used to fetch zones transferred
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews inbound by the server. It also determines the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews source IPv4 address, and optionally the UDP port,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews used for the refresh queries and forwarded dynamic
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews updates. If not set, it defaults to a system
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews controlled value which will usually be the address
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews of the interface "closest to" the remote end. This
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews address must appear in the remote end's
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> option for the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zone being transferred, if one is specified. This
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement sets the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> for all zones,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews but can be overridden on a per-view or per-zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein basis by including a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> statement within
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The same as <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except zone transfers are performed using IPv6.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you do not wish the alternate transfer source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used, you should set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews appropriately and you should not depend upon
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews getting an answer back to the first refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Use the alternate transfer sources or not. If views are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified this defaults to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise it defaults to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> (for BIND 8
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compatibility).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews determines which local source address, and
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews optionally UDP port, will be used to send NOTIFY
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews messages. This address must appear in the slave
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews server's <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> zone clause or
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews in an <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> clause. This
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews statement sets the <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews for all zones, but can be overridden on a per-zone or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-view basis by including a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> statement within
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source address for TCP sockets.
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Like <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews but applies to notify messages sent to IPv6 addresses.
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2584378"></a>UDP Port Lists</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify a list of IPv4 and IPv6 UDP ports that will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used or not used as source ports for UDP messages.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#query_address" title="Query Address">the section called “Query Address”</a> about how the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein available ports are determined.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, with the following configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinuse-v6-udp-ports { range 32768 65535; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinavoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews UDP ports of IPv6 messages sent
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will be in one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the following ranges: 32768 to 39999, 40001 to 49999,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and 60001 to 65535.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to prevent <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> from choosing as its random source port a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein port that is blocked by your firewall or a port that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used by other applications;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if a query went out with a source port blocked by a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein firewall, the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews answer would not get by the firewall and the name server would
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews have to query again.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Note: the desired range can also be represented only with
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">avoid-</strong></span> options are redundant in that
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews sense; they are provided for backward compatibility and
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews to possibly simplify the port specification.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2584438"></a>Operating System Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server's usage of many system resources can be limited.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Scaled values are allowed when specifying resource limits. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein example, <span><strong class="command">1G</strong></span> can be used instead of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">1073741824</strong></span> to specify a limit of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater gigabyte. <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> requests
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater unlimited use, or the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater maximum available amount. <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater uses the limit
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater that was in force when the server was started. See the description
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of <span><strong class="command">size_spec</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements" title="Configuration File Elements">the section called “Configuration File Elements”</a>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The following options set operating system resource limits for
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the name server process. Some operating systems don't support
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater any of the limits. On such systems, a warning will be issued if
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater unsupported limit is used.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">coresize</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The maximum size of a core dump. The default
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">datasize</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The maximum amount of data memory the server
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This is a hard limit on server memory usage.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If the server attempts to allocate memory in excess of this
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater limit, the allocation will fail, which may in turn leave
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the server unable to perform DNS service. Therefore,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater this option is rarely useful as a way of limiting the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater amount of memory used by the server, but it can be used
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to raise an operating system data size limit that is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater too small by default. If you wish to limit the amount
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of memory used by the server, use the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span> and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater options instead.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">files</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of files the server
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater may have open concurrently. The default is <code class="literal">unlimited</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">stacksize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of stack memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="server_resource_limits"></a>Server Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following options set limits on the server's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource consumption that are enforced internally by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server rather than the operating system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ixfr-log-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete; it is accepted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and ignored for BIND 8 compatibility. The option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> performs a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein similar function in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets a maximum size for each journal file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#journal" title="The journal file">the section called “The journal file”</a>). When the journal file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the specified size, some of the oldest transactions in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be automatically removed. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This may also be set on a per-zone basis.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics-max</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, specifies the maximum number of host statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entries to be kept.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of simultaneous recursive lookups
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server will perform on behalf of clients. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">1000</code>. Because each recursing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein client uses a fair
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein bit of memory, on the order of 20 kilobytes, the value of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span> option may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have to be decreased
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on hosts with limited memory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of simultaneous client TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connections that the server will accept.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater The default is <code class="literal">100</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">reserved-sockets</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of file descriptors reserved for TCP, stdio,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein etc. This needs to be big enough to cover the number of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> listens on, <span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span> as well as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to provide room for outgoing TCP queries and incoming zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers. The default is <code class="literal">512</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The minimum value is <code class="literal">128</code> and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum value is <code class="literal">128</code> less than
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews maxsockets (-S). This option may be removed in the future.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option has little effect on Windows.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of memory to use for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's cache, in bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the amount of data in the cache
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater reaches this limit, the server will cause records to expire
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prematurely based on an LRU based strategy so that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the limit is not exceeded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A value of 0 is special, meaning that
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews records are purged from the cache only when their
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TTLs expire.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Another special keyword <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means the maximum value of 32-bit unsigned integers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (0xffffffff), which may not have the same effect as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 0 on machines that support more than 32 bits of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein memory space.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Any positive values less than 2MB will be ignored reset
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separately to the cache of each view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 0.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-listen-queue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The listen queue depth. The default and minimum is 3.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the kernel supports the accept filter "dataready" this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also controls how
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein many TCP connections that will be queued in kernel space
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein some data before being passed to accept. Values less than 3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein silently raised.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<a name="id2584929"></a>Periodic Task Intervals</h4></div></div></div>
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater This interval is effectively obsolete. Previously,
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater the server would remove expired resource records
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater from the cache every <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 now manages cache
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater memory in a more sophisticated manner and does not
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater rely on the periodic cleaning any more.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater Specifying this option therefore has no effect on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server's behavior.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater The server will perform zone maintenance tasks
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all zones marked as <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> whenever this
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater interval expires. The default is 60 minutes. Reasonable
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater to 1 day (1440 minutes). The maximum value is 28 days
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater (40320 minutes).
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater If set to 0, no zone maintenance for these zones will occur.
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater The server will scan the network interface list
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater every <span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span>
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater minutes. The default
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater is 60 minutes. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater If set to 0, interface scanning will only occur when
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater the configuration file is loaded. After the scan, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begin listening for queries on any newly discovered
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces (provided they are allowed by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> configuration), and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop listening on interfaces that have gone away.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Name server statistics will be logged
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 60. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no statistics will be logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not yet implemented in
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater<a name="topology"></a>Topology</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All other things being equal, when the server chooses a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to query from a list of name servers, it prefers the one that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein topologically closest to itself. The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein takes an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interprets it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a special way. Each top-level list element is assigned a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Non-negated elements get a distance based on their position in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list, where the closer the match is to the start of the list, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein shorter the distance is between it and the server. A negated match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be assigned the maximum distance from the server. If there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is no match, the address will get a distance which is further than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any non-negated list element, and closer than any negated element.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer servers on network 10 the most, followed by hosts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on network 1.2.0.0 (netmask 255.255.0.0) and network 3, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exception of hosts on network 1.2.3 (netmask 255.255.255.0), which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is preferred least of all.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default topology is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"> topology { localhost; localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_sortlist_statement"></a>The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The response to a DNS query may consist of multiple resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records (RRs) forming a resource records set (RRset).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name server will normally return the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs within the RRset in an indeterminate order
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (but see the <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The client resolver code should rearrange the RRs as appropriate,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that is, using any addresses on the local net in preference to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein other addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, not all resolvers can do this or are correctly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a client is using a local server, the sorting can be performed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the server, based on the client's address. This only requires
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuring the name servers, not all the clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement (see below)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interprets it even
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein more specifically than the <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce does (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#topology" title="Topology">the section called “Topology”</a>).
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Each top level statement in the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein itself be an explicit <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one or two elements. The first element (which may be an IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an IP prefix, an ACL name or a nested <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of each top level list is checked against the source address of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the query until a match is found.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once the source address of the query has been matched, if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level statement contains only one element, the actual
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element that matched the source address is used to select the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the response to move to the beginning of the response. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is a list of two elements, then the second element is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treated the same as the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> in
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews a <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement. Each top
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level element
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assigned a distance and the address in the response with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein distance is moved to the beginning of the response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the following example, any queries received from any of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the addresses of the host itself will get responses preferring
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on any of the locally connected networks. Next most preferred are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the 192.168.1/24 network, and after that either the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 192.168.3/24 network with no preference shown between these two
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein networks. Queries received from a host on the 192.168.1/24 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer other addresses on that network to the 192.168.2/24
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews 192.168.3/24 networks. Queries received from a host on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the 192.168.5/24 network will only prefer other addresses on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein their directly connected networks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF the local host
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // THEN first fit on the following nets
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localhost;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localnets;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.1 THEN use .1, or .2 or .3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.2 THEN use .2, or .1 or .3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.3 THEN use .3, or .1 or .2
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF .4 or .5 THEN prefer that net
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following example will give reasonable behavior for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local host and hosts on directly connected networks. It is similar
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the behavior of the address sort in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.x. Responses sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to queries from the local host will favor any of the directly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein networks. Responses sent to queries from any other hosts on a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connected network will prefer addresses on that same network.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to other queries will not be sorted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localhost; localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="rrset_ordering"></a>RRset Ordering</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When multiple records are returned in an answer it may be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein useful to configure the order of the records placed into the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement permits
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater of the ordering of the records in a multiple record response.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater See also the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a>.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater An <span><strong class="command">order_spec</strong></span> is defined as
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">class <em class="replaceable"><code>class_name</code></em></span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">type <em class="replaceable"><code>type_name</code></em></span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">name <em class="replaceable"><code>"domain_name"</code></em></span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce order <em class="replaceable"><code>ordering</code></em>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater If no class is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce If no type is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater If no name is specified, the default is "<span><strong class="command">*</strong></span>" (asterisk).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The legal values for <span><strong class="command">ordering</strong></span> are:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">fixed</strong></span></p>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Records are returned in the order they
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce are defined in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">random</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in some random order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in a cyclic round-robin order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> is configured with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "--enable-fixed-rrset" option at compile time, then
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the initial ordering of the RRset will match the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews one specified in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class IN type A name "host.example.com" order random;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order cyclic;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will cause any responses for type A records in class IN that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have "<code class="literal">host.example.com</code>" as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein suffix, to always be returned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in random order. All other records are returned in cyclic order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If multiple <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein they are not combined — the last one applies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In this release of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement does not support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "fixed" ordering by default. Fixed ordering can be enabled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at compile time by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the "configure" command line.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="tuning"></a>Tuning</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">lame-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater Sets the number of seconds to cache a
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt lame server indication. 0 disables caching. (This is
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt <span class="bold"><strong>NOT</strong></span> recommended.)
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater The default is <code class="literal">600</code> (10 minutes) and the
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater maximum value is
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater <code class="literal">1800</code> (30 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To reduce network traffic and increase performance,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server stores negative answers. <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to set a maximum retention time for these answers in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in seconds. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is <code class="literal">10800</code> seconds (3 hours).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> cannot exceed
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce 7 days and will
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce be silently truncated to 7 days if set to a greater value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum time for which the server will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache ordinary (positive) answers. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one week (7 days).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A value of zero may cause all queries to return
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SERVFAIL, because of lost caches of intermediate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRsets (such as NS and glue AAAA/A records) in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolution process.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-roots</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The minimum number of root servers that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is required for a request for the root servers to be
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater accepted. The default
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater is <strong class="userinput"><code>2</code></strong>.
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the number of days into the future when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC signatures automatically generated as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein result of dynamic updates (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dynamic_update" title="Dynamic Update">the section called “Dynamic Update”</a>) will expire. There
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is an optional second field which specifies how
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews long before expiry that the signatures will be
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews regenerated. If not specified, the signatures will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be regenerated at 1/4 of base interval. The second
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field is specified in days if the base interval is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein greater than 7 days otherwise it is specified in hours.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default base interval is <code class="literal">30</code> days
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews giving a re-signing interval of 7 1/2 days. The maximum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are 10 years (3660 days).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The signature inception time is unconditionally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to one hour before the current time to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a limited amount of clock skew.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be, at least, several multiples of the SOA
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews expire interval to allow for reasonable interaction
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews between the various timer and expiry dates.
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater Specify the maximum number of nodes to be
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater examined in each quantum when signing a zone with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a new DNSKEY. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify a threshold number of signatures that
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews will terminate processing a quantum when signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone with a new DNSKEY. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify a private RDATA type to be used when generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key signing records. The default is
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater It is expected that this parameter may be removed
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater in a future version once there is a standard type.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater These options control the server's behavior on refreshing a
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater (querying for SOA changes) or retrying failed transfers.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Usually the SOA values for the zone are used, but these
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater are set by the master, giving slave server administrators
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater control over their contents.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater These options allow the administrator to set a minimum and
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater refresh and retry time either per-zone, per-view, or
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater These options are valid for slave and stub zones,
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater and clamp the SOA refresh and retry times to the specified
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Sets the advertised EDNS UDP buffer size in bytes
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater to control the size of packets received.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Valid values are 1024 to 4096 (values outside this range
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be silently adjusted). The default value
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater is 4096. The usual reason for setting
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater firewalls that block fragmented packets and/or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will fallback to using 512 bytes
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater if it get a series of timeout at the initial value. 512
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater bytes is not being offered to encourage sites to fix their
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater firewalls. Small EDNS UDP sizes will result in the
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater excessive use of TCP.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum EDNS UDP message size
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will send in bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein range will be silently adjusted). The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is 4096. The usual reason for setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is independent of the advertised receive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein buffer (<span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting this to a low value will encourge additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TCP traffic to the nameserver.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the file format of zone files (see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format" title="Additional File Formats">the section called “Additional File Formats”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default value is <code class="constant">text</code>, which is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein standard textual representation. Files in other formats
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than <code class="constant">text</code> are typically expected
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be generated by the <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> tool.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater Note that when a zone file in a different format than
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <code class="constant">text</code> is loaded, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater may omit some of the checks which would be performed for a
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater file in the <code class="constant">text</code> format. In particular,
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span> checks do not apply
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater for the <code class="constant">raw</code> format. This means
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater a zone file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater must be generated with the same check level as that
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater specified in the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater file. This statement sets the
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> for all zones,
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater but can be overridden on a per-zone or per-view basis
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater by including a <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater statement within the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<a name="clients-per-query"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span></span>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<p>These set the
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater initial value (minimum) and maximum number of recursive
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater simultaneous clients for any given query
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater (<qname,qtype,qclass>) that the server will accept
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater before dropping additional clients. <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater self tune this value and changes will be logged. The
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews default values are 10 and 100.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater This value should reflect how many queries come in for
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater a given name in the time it takes to resolve that name.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews If the number of queries exceed this value, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews assume that it is dealing with a non-responsive zone
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater and will drop additional queries. If it gets a response
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater after dropping queries, it will raise the estimate. The
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater estimate will then be lowered in 20 minutes if it has
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater remained unchanged.
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews then there is no limit on the number of clients per query
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and no queries will be dropped.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews then there is no upper bound other than imposed by
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The delay, in seconds, between sending sets of notify
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews messages for a zone. The default is zero.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<a name="builtin"></a>Built-in server information zones</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The server provides some helpful diagnostic information
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews through a number of built-in zones under the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews pseudo-top-level-domain <code class="literal">bind</code> in the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> class. These zones are part
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater built-in view (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar" title="view Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>) of
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> which is separate from the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews default view of
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews class <span><strong class="command">IN</strong></span>; therefore, any global
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater server options
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews such as <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> do not apply
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater the these zones.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews If you feel the need to disable these zones, use the options
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews below, or hide the built-in <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews defining an explicit view of class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews that matches all clients.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">version</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The version the server should report
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews via a query of the name <code class="literal">version.bind</code>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews The default is the real version number of this server.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews Specifying <span><strong class="command">version none</strong></span>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews disables processing of the queries.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">hostname</strong></span></span></dt>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews The hostname the server should report via a query of
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews the name <code class="filename">hostname.bind</code>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews This defaults to the hostname of the machine hosting the
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews name server as
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews found by the gethostname() function. The primary purpose of such queries
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">hostname none;</strong></span>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews disables processing of the queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The ID the server should report when receiving a Name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Server Identifier (NSID) query, or a query of the name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">ID.SERVER</code> with type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary purpose of such queries is to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id none;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id hostname;</strong></span> will cause <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use the hostname as found by the gethostname() function.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default <span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="empty"></a>Built-in Empty Zones</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Named has some built-in empty zones (SOA and NS records only).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These are for zones that should normally be answered locally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and which queries should not be sent to the Internet's root
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers. The official servers which cover these namespaces
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein return NXDOMAIN responses to these queries. In particular,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein these cover the reverse namespace for addresses from RFC 1918 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 3330. They also include the reverse namespace for IPv6 local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (locally assigned), IPv6 link local addresses, the IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loopback address and the IPv6 unknown address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Named will attempt to determine if a built-in zone already exists
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or is active (covered by a forward-only forwarding declaration)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and will not create an empty zone in that case.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The current list of empty zones is:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Empty zones are settable at the view level and only apply to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein views of class IN. Disabled empty zones are only inherited
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from options if there are no disabled empty zones specified
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater at the view level. To override the options list of disabled
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews zones, you can disable the root zone at the view level, for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disable-empty-zone ".";
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews If you are using the address ranges covered here, you should
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews already have reverse zones covering the addresses you use.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews In practice this appears to not be the case with many queries
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews being made to the infrastructure servers for names in these
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews spaces. So many in fact that sacrificial servers were needed
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews to be deployed to channel the query load away from the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews infrastructure servers.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The real parent servers for these zones should disable all
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews empty zone under the parent zone they serve. For the real
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater root servers, this is all built-in empty zones. This will
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews enable them to return referrals to deeper in the tree.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-server</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Specify what server name will appear in the returned
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater the zone's name will be used.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-contact</strong></span></span></dt>
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater Specify what contact name will appear in the returned
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews "." will be used.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-zones-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Enable or disable all empty zones. By default, they
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews are enabled.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-empty-zone</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Disable individual empty zones. By default, none are
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews disabled. This option can be specified multiple times.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<a name="acache"></a>Additional Section Caching</h4></div></div></div>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews The additional section cache, also called <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews is an internal cache to improve the response performance of BIND 9.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews When additional section caching is enabled, BIND 9 will
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews cache an internal short-cut to the additional section content for
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews each answer RR.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Note that <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is an internal caching
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews mechanism of BIND 9, and is not related to the DNS caching
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews server function.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Additional section caching does not change the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews response content (except the RRsets ordering of the additional
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews section, see below), but can improve the response performance
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews significantly.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews It is particularly effective when BIND 9 acts as an authoritative
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews server for a zone that has many delegations with many glue RRs.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews In order to obtain the maximum performance improvement
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews from additional section caching, setting
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> is recommended, since the current
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews implementation of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews does not short-cut of additional section information from the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews DNS cache data.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews One obvious disadvantage of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews that it requires much more
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews memory for the internal cached data.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Thus, if the response performance does not matter and memory
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews consumption is much more critical, the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> mechanism can be
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews disabled by setting <span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span> to
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews It is also possible to specify the upper limit of memory
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews for acache by using <span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Additional section caching also has a minor effect on the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews RRset ordering in the additional section.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Without <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span> order is effective for the additional
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews section as well as the answer and authority sections.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews However, additional section caching fixes the ordering when it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein first caches an RRset for the additional section, and the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ordering will be kept in succeeding responses, regardless of the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews setting of <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The effect of this should be minor, however, since an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews RRset in the additional section
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews typically only contains a small number of RRs (and in many cases
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews it only contains a single RR), in which case the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews ordering does not matter much.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following is a summary of options related to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, additional section caching is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews enabled. The default value is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The server will remove stale cache entries, based on an LRU
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews algorithm, every <span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default is 60 minutes.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If set to 0, no periodic cleaning will occur.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The maximum amount of memory in bytes to use for the server's acache.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When the amount of data in the acache reaches this limit,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will clean more aggressively so that the limit is not
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews separately to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein acache of each view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <code class="literal">16M</code>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2587009"></a>Content Filtering</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides the ability to filter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein out DNS responses from external DNS servers containing
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews certain types of data in the answer section.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifically, it can reject address (A or AAAA) records if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the corresponding IPv4 or IPv6 addresses match the given
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews It can also reject CNAME or DNAME records if the "alias"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name (i.e., the CNAME alias or the substituted query name
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews due to DNAME) matches the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein given <code class="varname">namelist</code> of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span> option, where
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "match" means the alias name is a subdomain of one of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the <code class="varname">name_list</code> elements.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If the optional <code class="varname">namelist</code> is specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">except-from</strong></span>, records whose query name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matches the list will be accepted regardless of the filter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Likewise, if the alias name is a subdomain of the
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews corresponding zone, the <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews filter will not apply;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for example, even if "example.com" is specified for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">www.example.com. CNAME xxx.example.com.</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein returned by an "example.com" server will be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option, only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are meaningful;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any <code class="varname">key_id</code> will be silently ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a response message is rejected due to the filtering,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the entire message is discarded without being cached, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a SERVFAIL error will be returned to the client.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This filtering is intended to prevent "DNS rebinding attacks," in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which an attacker, in response to a query for a domain name the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater attacker controls, returns an IP address within your own network or
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater an alias name within your own domain.
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater A naive web browser or script could then serve as an
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater unintended proxy, allowing the attacker
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater to get access to an internal node of your local network
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater that couldn't be externally accessed otherwise.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater See the paper available at
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1315245.1315298
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater for more details about the attacks.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater For example, if you own a domain named "example.net" and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater your internal network uses an IPv4 prefix 192.0.2.0/24,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater you might specify the following rules:
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">deny-answer-addresses { 192.0.2.0/24; } except-from { "example.net"; };
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updaterdeny-answer-aliases { "example.net"; };
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If an external attacker lets a web browser in your local
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater network look up an IPv4 address of "attacker.example.com",
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the attacker's DNS server would return a response like this:
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">attacker.example.com. A 192.0.2.1</pre>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater in the answer section.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Since the rdata of this record (the IPv4 address) matches
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the specified prefix 192.0.2.0/24, this response will be
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater On the other hand, if the browser looks up a legitimate
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater internal web server "www.example.net" and the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater following response is returned to
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 server
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">www.example.net. A 192.0.2.2</pre>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater it will be accepted since the owner name "www.example.net"
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater matches the <span><strong class="command">except-from</strong></span> element,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Note that this is not really an attack on the DNS per se.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater In fact, there is nothing wrong for an "external" name to
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater be mapped to your "internal" IP address or domain name
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater from the DNS point of view.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater It might actually be provided for a legitimate purpose,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater such as for debugging.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater As long as the mapping is provided by the correct owner,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater it is not possible or does not make sense to detect
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater whether the intent of the mapping is legitimate or not
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater within the DNS.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The "rebinding" attack must primarily be protected at the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater application that uses the DNS.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater For a large site, however, it may be difficult to protect
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater all possible applications at once.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater This filtering feature is provided only to help such an
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater operational environment;
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater it is generally discouraged to turn it on unless you are
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater very sure you have no other choice and the attack is a
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater real threat for your applications.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Care should be particularly taken if you want to use this
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater option for addresses within 127.0.0.0/8.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater These addresses are obviously "internal", but many
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater applications conventionally rely on a DNS mapping from
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater some name to such an address.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Filtering out DNS records containing this address
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater spuriously can break such applications.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="server_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr[/prefixlen]</code></em> {
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> bogus <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> edns <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em> ; ]</span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> keys <em class="replaceable"><code>{ string ; [<span class="optional"> string ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>] }</code></em> ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> query-source [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="server_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement defines
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater characteristics
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater to be associated with a remote name server. If a prefix length is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater specified, then a range of servers is covered. Only the most
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater server clause applies regardless of the order in
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement can occur at
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the top level of the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement contains
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater one or more <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements, only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the view and any top-level ones are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a view contains no <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews any top-level <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements are
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews If you discover that a remote server is giving out bad data,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews marking it as bogus will prevent further queries to it. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value of <span><strong class="command">bogus</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews the local server, acting as master, will respond with an
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater zone transfer when the given remote server, a slave, requests it.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater If set to <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, incremental transfer
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater will be provided
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews whenever possible. If set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>,
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews all transfers
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews to the remote server will be non-incremental. If not set, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global options block is used as a default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server, acting as a slave, will request incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers from the given remote server, a master. If not set, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value of the <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> option in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global options block is used as a default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IXFR requests to servers that do not support IXFR will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fall back to AXFR. Therefore, there is no need to manually list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which servers support IXFR and which ones do not; the global
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> should always work.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The purpose of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clauses is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to make it possible to disable the use of IXFR even when both
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and slave claim to support it, for example if one of the servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is buggy and crashes or corrupts data when IXFR is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">edns</strong></span> clause determines whether
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server will attempt to use EDNS when communicating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the remote server. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the EDNS UDP size
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that is advertised by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> when querying the remote server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein silently adjusted). This option is useful when you wish to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein advertises a different value to this server than the value you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein advertise globally, for example, when there is a firewall at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein remote site that is blocking large replies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum EDNS UDP message size <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will send. Valid
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be silently adjusted). This option is useful when you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein know that there is a firewall that is blocking large
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replies from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server supports two zone transfer methods. The first, <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein uses one DNS message per resource record transferred. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as many resource records as possible into a message. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein more efficient, but is only known to be understood by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8.x, and patched versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 4.9.5. You can specify which method
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to use for a server with the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used to limit the number of concurrent inbound zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers from the specified server. If no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> clause is specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limit is set according to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause identifies a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used for transaction security (TSIG, <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when talking to the remote server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a request is sent to the remote server, a request signature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be generated using the key specified here and appended to the
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews message. A request originating from the remote server is not
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews to be signed by this key.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Although the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews allows for multiple keys, only a single key per server is
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater the IPv4 and IPv6 source
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews address to be used for zone transfer with the remote server,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews respectively.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews For an IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> can
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server, only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For more details, see the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages sent to remote servers, respectively. For an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sent to remote servers, respectively. For an IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein remote server, only <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="statschannels"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> } ]; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2587829"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares communication channels to be used by system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein administrators to get access to statistics information of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This statement intends to be flexible to support multiple
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein communication protocols in the future, but currently only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein HTTP access is supported.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews It requires that BIND 9 be compiled with libxml2;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein still accepted even if it is built without the library,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but any HTTP access will fail with an error.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews If no port is specified, port 80 is used for HTTP channels.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews The asterisk "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews The attempt of opening a statistics channel is
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews restricted by the optional <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Connections to the statistics channel are permitted based on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause is present,
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> accepts connection
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater attempts from any address; since the statistics may
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater contain sensitive internal information, it is highly
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater recommended to restrict the source of connection requests
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater appropriately.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater If no <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is present,
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will not open any communication channels.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<a name="id2587984"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> {
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<a name="id2588035"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement defines
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater DNSSEC security roots. DNSSEC is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#DNSSEC" title="DNSSEC">the section called “DNSSEC”</a>. A security root is defined when the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater public key for a non-authoritative zone is known, but
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater cannot be securely obtained through DNS, either because
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater it is the DNS root zone or because its parent zone is
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater unsigned. Once a key has been configured as a trusted
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater key, it is treated as if it had been validated and
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater proven secure. The resolver attempts DNSSEC validation
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater on all DNS data in subdomains of a security root.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater All keys (and corresponding zones) listed in
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> are deemed to exist regardless
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater of what parent zones say. Similarly for all keys listed in
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> only those keys are
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater used to validate the DNSKEY RRset. The parent's DS RRset
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater will not be used.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement can contain
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater multiple key entries, each consisting of the key's
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater domain name, flags, protocol, algorithm, and the Base-64
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater representation of the key data.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Spaces, tabs, newlines and carriage returns are ignored
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater in the key data, so the configuration may be split up into
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater multiple lines.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> may be set at the top level
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater of <code class="filename">named.conf</code> or within a view. If it is
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater set in both places, they are additive: keys defined at the top
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater level are inherited by all views, but keys defined in a view
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater are only used within that view.
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews<a name="id2588082"></a><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2588133"></a><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, like
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>, defines DNSSEC
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews security roots. The difference is that
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> can be kept up to date
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews automatically, without intervention from the resolver
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Suppose, for example, that a zone's key-signing
dcb551033f0b33eb5c113169750a61084d8250a1Mark Andrews key was compromised, and the zone owner had to revoke and
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews replace the key. A resolver which had the old key in a
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement would be
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews unable to validate this zone any longer; it would
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews reply with a SERVFAIL response code. This would
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews continue until the resolver operator had updated the
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement with the new key.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews If, however, the zone were listed in a
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement instead, then the
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews zone owner could add a "stand-by" key to the zone in advance.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> would store the stand-by key, and
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater when the original key was revoked, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater would be able to transition smoothly to the new key. It would
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater also recognize that the old key had been revoked, and cease
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using that key to validate answers, minimizing the damage that
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater the compromised key could do.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater A <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement contains a list of
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater the keys to be managed, along with information about how the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater keys are to be initialized for the first time. The only
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater initialization method currently supported (as of
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.7.0) is <code class="literal">initial-key</code>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater This means the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement must
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater contain a copy of the initializing key. (Future releases may
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater allow keys to be initialized by other methods, eliminating this
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Consequently, a <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater appears similar to a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>, differing
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater in the presence of the second field, containing the keyword
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="literal">initial-key</code>. The difference is, whereas the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater keys listed in a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> continue to be
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater trusted until they are removed from
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, an initializing key listed
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater in a <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement is only trusted
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>once</em></span>: for as long as it takes to load the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater managed key database and start the RFC 5011 key maintenance
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The first time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs with a managed key
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater configured in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, it fetches the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater DNSKEY RRset directly from the zone apex, and validates it
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater using the key specified in the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater statement. If the DNSKEY RRset is validly signed, then it is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater used as the basis for a new managed keys database.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater From that point on, whenever <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs, it
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater sees the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, checks to
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater make sure RFC 5011 key maintenance has already been initialized
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater for the specified domain, and if so, it simply moves on. The
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater key specified in the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> is not
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater used to validate answers; it has been superseded by the key or
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater keys stored in the managed keys database.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The next time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs after a name
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater has been <span class="emphasis"><em>removed</em></span> from the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, the corresponding
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater zone will be removed from the managed keys database,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater and RFC 5011 key maintenance will no longer be used for that
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> only maintains a single managed keys
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater database; consequently, unlike <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> may only be set at the top
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater level of <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, not within a view.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater If the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> option is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater will automatically initialize a managed key for the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater zone <code class="literal">dlv.isc.org</code>. The key that is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater used to initialize the key maintenance process is built
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater into <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>, and can be overridden
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater from <span><strong class="command">bindkeys-file</strong></span>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<a name="view_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater match-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater match-destinations { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater match-recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_option</code></em>; ...</span>]
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_statement</code></em>; ...</span>]
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<a name="id2588489"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement is a powerful
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 that lets a name server
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater answer a DNS query differently
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater depending on who is asking. It is particularly useful for
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater split DNS setups without having to run multiple servers.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Each <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement defines a view
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater DNS namespace that will be seen by a subset of clients. A client
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater a view if its source IP address matches the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the view's
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> clause and its
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater destination IP address matches
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span> clause. If not
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater specified, both
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater default to matching all addresses. In addition to checking IP
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater can also take <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> which provide an
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater mechanism for the
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater client to select the view. A view can also be specified
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater as <span><strong class="command">match-recursive-only</strong></span>, which
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater means that only recursive
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater requests from matching clients will match that view.
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater The order of the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements is
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater significant —
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater a client request will be resolved in the context of the first
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> that it matches.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater Zones defined within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater statement will
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater only be accessible to clients that match the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater By defining a zone of the same name in multiple views, different
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater zone data can be given to different clients, for example,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater and "external" clients in a split DNS setup.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Many of the options given in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can also be used within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, and then
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews apply only when resolving queries with that view. When no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein view-specific
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews value is given, the value in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is used as a default. Also, zone options can have default values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement; these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein view-specific defaults
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce take precedence over those in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Views are class specific. If no class is given, class IN
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assumed. Note that all non-IN views must contain a hint zone,
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater since only the IN class has compiled-in default hints.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If there are no <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file, a default view that matches any client is automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in class IN. Any <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level of the configuration file are considered to be part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this default view, and the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the default view. If any explicit <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements are present, all <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein occur inside <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Here is an example of a typical split DNS setup implemented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // This should match our internal networks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { 10.0.0.0/8; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide recursive service to internal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // clients only.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide a complete view of the example.com
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // zone including addresses of internal hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinview "external" {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Match all clients not matched by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // previous view.
d01e14dc0bfc700a8d72e9676fc8aa66c237151fAutomatic Updater match-clients { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Refuse recursive service to external clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion no;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide a restricted view of the example.com
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // zone containing only publicly accessible hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-policy <em class="replaceable"><code>local</code></em> | { <em class="replaceable"><code>update_policy_rule</code></em> [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> auto-dnssec <code class="constant">allow</code>|<code class="constant">maintain</code>|<code class="constant">create</code>|<code class="constant">off</code>; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Lucezone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> dnskey-ksk-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrewszone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>] // Not Implemented.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrewszone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
7326ba2f542b89196323867a1457f596f99e315dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type forward;
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater type delegation-only;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2590199"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2590206"></a>Zone Types</h4></div></div></div>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews The server has a master copy of the data
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews for the zone and will be able to provide authoritative
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater A slave zone is a replica of a master
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater zone. The <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> list
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews specifies one or more IP addresses
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater of master servers that the slave contacts to update
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater its copy of the zone.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Masters list elements can also be names of other
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews masters lists.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews By default, transfers are made from port 53 on the
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews servers; this can
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews be changed for all servers by specifying a port number
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews list of IP addresses, or on a per-server basis after
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews the IP address.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Authentication to the master can also be done with
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews per-server TSIG keys.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews If a file is specified, then the
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews replica will be written to this file whenever the zone
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews and reloaded from this file on a server restart. Use
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews of a file is
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews recommended, since it often speeds server startup and
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews a needless waste of bandwidth. Note that for large
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews numbers (in the
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews tens or hundreds of thousands) of zones per server, it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use a two-level naming scheme for zone filenames. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a slave server for the zone <code class="literal">example.com</code> might place
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone contents into a file called
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater <code class="filename">ex/example.com</code> where <code class="filename">ex/</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein just the first two letters of the zone name. (Most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operating systems
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater behave very slowly if you put 100000 files into
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a single directory.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A stub zone is similar to a slave zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except that it replicates only the NS records of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein master zone instead
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the entire zone. Stub zones are not a standard part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein they are a feature specific to the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> implementation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stub zones can be used to eliminate the need for glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a parent zone at the expense of maintaining a stub
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone entry and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a set of name server addresses in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This usage is not recommended for new configurations,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports it only in a limited way.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4/8, zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers of a parent zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein included the NS records from stub children of that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone. This meant
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that, in some cases, users could get away with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuring child stubs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only in the master server for the parent zone. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9 never mixes together zone data from different zones
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein way. Therefore, if a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 master serving a parent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone has child stub zones configured, all the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parent zone also need to have the same child stub
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stub zones can also be used as a way of forcing the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews of a given domain to use a particular set of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, the caching name servers on a private
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC1918 addressing may be configured with stub zones
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to use a set of internal name servers as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers for that domain.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A "forward zone" is a way to configure
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarding on a per-domain basis. A <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contain a <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and/or <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which will apply to queries within the domain given by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name. If no <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is present or
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews an empty list for <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span> is given, then no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarding will be done for the domain, canceling the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any forwarders in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement. Thus
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if you want to use this type of zone to change the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behavior of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (that is, "forward first"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to, then "forward only", or vice versa, but want to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers as set globally) you need to re-specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The initial set of root name servers is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified using a "hint zone". When the server starts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the root hints to find a root name server and get the
c60793c77f6b6b8b66ad57c73cd7eb67e8d7ff6fAndreas Gustafsson list of root name servers. If no hint zone is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified for class
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IN, the server uses a compiled-in default set of root
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Classes other than IN have no built-in defaults hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is used to enforce the delegation-only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein status of infrastructure zones (e.g. COM,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NET, ORG). Any answer that is received
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein without an explicit or implicit delegation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the authority section will be treated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as NXDOMAIN. This does not apply to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone apex. This should not be applied to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">delegation-only</code> has no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein effect on answers received from forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See caveats in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2590634"></a>Class</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The zone's name may optionally be followed by a class. If
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews a class is not specified, class <code class="literal">IN</code> (for <code class="varname">Internet</code>),
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews is assumed. This is correct for the vast majority of cases.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="literal">hesiod</code> class is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein named for an information service from MIT's Project Athena. It
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to share information about various systems databases, such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as users, groups, printers and so on. The keyword
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a synonym for hesiod.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Another MIT development is Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the mid-1970s. Zone data for it can be specified with the <code class="literal">CHAOS</code> class.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2590667"></a>Zone Options</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Specifies a "Simple Secure Update" policy. See
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only meaningful if <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater active for this zone. The set of machines that will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for this zone is made up of all the listed name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the primary master) for the zone plus any IP addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>. A port
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with each <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to send the notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages to a port other than the default of 53.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein meaningful for stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the empty list.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to restrict the character set and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein received from the
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater network. The default varies according to zone type. For <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>. For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones the default is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is not implemented for <span><strong class="command">hint</strong></span> zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnskey-ksk-only</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnskey-ksk-only</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the type of database to be used for storing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone data. The string following the <span><strong class="command">database</strong></span> keyword
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is interpreted as a list of whitespace-delimited words.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The first word
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identifies the database type, and any subsequent words are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as arguments to the database to be interpreted in a way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the database type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>"rbt"</code></strong>, BIND 9's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein native in-memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein red-black-tree database. This database does not take
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Other values are possible if additional database drivers
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater have been linked into the server. Some sample drivers are
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews with the distribution but none are linked in by default.
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews The flag only applies to hint and stub zones. If set
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the zone will also be
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews treated as if it is also a delegation-only type zone.
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews See caveats in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Only meaningful if the zone has a forwarders
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews list. The <span><strong class="command">only</strong></span> value causes
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews the lookup to fail
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews after trying the forwarders and getting no answer, while <span><strong class="command">first</strong></span> would
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews allow a normal lookup to be tried.
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews Used to override the list of global forwarders.
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater If it is not specified in a zone of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>,
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater no forwarding is done for the zone and the global options are
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews Was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews specify the name
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews of the transaction log (journal) file for dynamic update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and constructs the name of the journal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file by appending "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the name of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-tmp-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Was an undocumented option in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Ignored in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">journal</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow the default journal's filename to be overridden.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the zone's filename with "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>" appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is applicable to <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_resource_limits" title="Server Resource Limits">the section called “Server Resource Limits”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater See the description of
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pubkey</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein intended for specifying
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a public zone key for verification of signatures in DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones when they are loaded from disk. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 does not verify signatures
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on load and ignores the option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will keep
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews information for this zone, which can be dumped to the
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> defined in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server options.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews See the description of
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater See the description of
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews See the description of
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews See the description of
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (Note that the <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>master</code></strong> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>slave</code></strong> choices are not
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater available at the zone level.)
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Usage”</a>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Zones configured for dynamic DNS may also use this
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater option to allow varying levels of autonatic DNSSEC key
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater management. There are four possible settings:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec allow;</strong></span> permits
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews keys to be updated and the zone re-signed whenever the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein user issues the command <span><strong class="command">rndc sign</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec maintain;</strong></span> includes the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews above, but also automatically adjusts the zone's DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys on schedule, according to the keys' timing metadata
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></span>(8)</a> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></span>(8)</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec create;</strong></span> includes the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein above, but also allows <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to create new keys in the key repository when needed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (NOTE: This option is not yet implemented; the syntax is
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews being reserved for future use.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default setting is <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec off</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">secure-to-insecure</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="dynamic_update_policies"></a>Dynamic Update Policies</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 supports two alternative
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater methods of granting clients the right to perform
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater dynamic updates to a zone, configured by the
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> and
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> option, respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> clause works the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein same way as in previous versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It grants given clients the permission to update any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record of any name in the zone.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> clause
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater allows more fine-grained control over what updates are
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater allowed. A set of rules is specified, where each rule
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater either grants or denies permissions for one or more
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater names to be updated by one or more identities. If
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the dynamic update request message is signed (that is,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater it includes either a TSIG or SIG(0) record), the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater identity of the signer can be determined.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Rules are specified in the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater zone option, and are only meaningful for master zones.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater When the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater is present, it is a configuration error for the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> statement to be
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater present. The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater only examines the signer of a message; the source
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater address is not relevant.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater There is a pre-defined <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater rule which can be switched on with the command
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">update-policy local;</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Switching on this rule in a zone causes
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to generate a TSIG session
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater key and place it in a file, and to allow that key
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater to update the zone. (By default, the file is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>, the key
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater name is "local-ddns" and the key algorithm is HMAC-SHA256,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater but these values are configurable with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">session-keyname</strong></span> and
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">session-keyalg</strong></span> options, respectively).
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews A client running on the local system, and with appropriate
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews permissions, may read that file and use the key to sign update
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews requests. The zone's update policy will be set to allow that
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews key to change any record within the zone. Assuming the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews key name is "local-ddns", this policy is equivalent to:
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">update-policy { grant local-ddns zonesub any; };
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater The command <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span> sends update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests to localhost, and signs them using the session key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Other rule definitions look like this:
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews( <span><strong class="command">grant</strong></span> | <span><strong class="command">deny</strong></span> ) <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>] [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>types</code></em> </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Each rule grants or denies privileges. Once a message has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein successfully matched a rule, the operation is immediately
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein granted or denied and no further rules are examined. A rule
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is matched when the signer matches the identity field, the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews name matches the name field in accordance with the nametype
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews field, and the type matches the types specified in the type
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater No signer is required for <em class="replaceable"><code>tcp-self</code></em>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater or <em class="replaceable"><code>6to4-self</code></em> however the standard
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater reverse mapping / prefix conversion must match the identity
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The identity field specifies a name or a wildcard
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater name. Normally, this is the name of the TSIG or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SIG(0) key used to sign the update request. When a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TKEY exchange has been used to create a shared secret,
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews the identity of the shared secret is the same as the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews identity of the key used to authenticate the TKEY
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews exchange. TKEY is also the negotiation method used
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews by GSS-TSIG, which establishes an identity that is
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews the Kerberos principal of the client, such as
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>"user@host.domain"</code></strong>. When the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews a wildcard name, it is subject to DNS wildcard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expansion, so the rule will apply to multiple identities.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field must
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater contain a fully-qualified domain name.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> field has 13
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">name</code>, <code class="varname">subdomain</code>,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">wildcard</code>, <code class="varname">self</code>,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">selfsub</code>, <code class="varname">selfwild</code>,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>, <code class="varname">ms-self</code>,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">ms-subdomain</code>,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">tcp-self</code>, <code class="varname">6to4-self</code>,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Exact-match semantics. This rule matches
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the name being updated is identical
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the contents of the
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews This rule matches when the name being updated
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews is a subdomain of, or identical to, the
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews contents of the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews This rule is similar to subdomain, except that
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews it matches when the name being updated is a
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews subdomain of the zone in which the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews appears. This obviates the need to type the zone
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews name twice, and enables the use of a standard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple zones without modification.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When this rule is used, the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field is omitted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is subject to DNS wildcard expansion, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this rule matches when the name being updated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name is a valid expansion of the wildcard.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule matches when the name being updated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matches the contents of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is ignored, but should be the same as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="varname">self</code> nametype is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein most useful when allowing using one key per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name to update, where the key has the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name as the name to be updated. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> would
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews be specified as <code class="constant">*</code> (an asterisk) in
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater except that subdomains of <code class="varname">self</code>
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater can also be updated.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater except that only subdomains of
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <code class="varname">self</code> can be updated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow updates that have been sent via TCP and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the standard mapping from the initiating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein namespaces match the name to be updated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Allow the 6to4 prefix to be update by any TCP
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews connection from the 6to4 network or from the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews corresponding IPv4 address. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to allow NS or DNAME RRsets to be added to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reverse tree.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews In all cases, the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews specify a fully-qualified domain name.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews If no types are explicitly specified, this rule matches
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews all types except RRSIG, NS, SOA, NSEC and NSEC3. Types
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews may be specified by name, including "ANY" (ANY matches
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews all types except NSEC and NSEC3, which can never be
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews updated). Note that when an attempt is made to delete
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews all records associated with a name, the rules are
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews checked for each existing record type.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews<a name="id2592933"></a>Zone File</h2></div></div></div>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews<a name="types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them"></a>Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</h3></div></div></div>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews This section, largely borrowed from RFC 1034, describes the
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews concept of a Resource Record (RR) and explains when each is used.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews Since the publication of RFC 1034, several new RRs have been
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews and implemented in the DNS. These are also included.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews<a name="id2592951"></a>Resource Records</h4></div></div></div>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews A domain name identifies a node. Each node has a set of
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews resource information, which may be empty. The set of resource
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews information associated with a particular name is composed of
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews separate RRs. The order of RRs in a set is not significant and
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews need not be preserved by name servers, resolvers, or other
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews parts of the DNS. However, sorting of multiple RRs is
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews permitted for optimization purposes, for example, to specify
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews that a particular nearby server be tried first. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a> and <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews The components of a Resource Record are:
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews The domain name where the RR is found.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater An encoded 16-bit value that specifies
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater the type of the resource record.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The time-to-live of the RR. This field
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a 32-bit integer in units of seconds, and is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein primarily used by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolvers when they cache RRs. The TTL describes how
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein long a RR can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be cached before it should be discarded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An encoded 16-bit value that identifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a protocol family or instance of a protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The resource data. The format of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data is type (and sometimes class) specific.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The following are <span class="emphasis"><em>types</em></span> of valid RRs:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A host address. In the IN class, this is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 32-bit IP address. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 address. Described in RFC 1886.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 address. This can be a partial
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews address (a suffix) and an indirection to the name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein where the rest of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (the prefix) can be found. Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2874.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Location of AFS database servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Address prefix list. Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 3123.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Holds a digital certificate.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2538.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies the canonical name of an alias.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Is used for identifying which DHCP client is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with this name. Described in RFC 4701.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Replaces the domain name specified with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein another name to be looked up, effectively aliasing an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein subtree of the domain name space rather than a single
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as in the case of the CNAME RR.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2672.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stores a public key associated with a signed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stores the hash of a public key associated with a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein signed DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Specifies the global position. Superseded by LOC.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies the CPU and OS used by a host.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Provides a method for storing IPsec keying material in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS. Described in RFC 4025.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Representation of ISDN addresses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Stores a public key associated with a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews DNS name. Used in original DNSSEC; replaced
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews by DNSKEY in DNSSECbis, but still used with
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews SIG(0). Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies a key exchanger for this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS name. Described in RFC 2230.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For storing GPS info. Described in RFC 1876.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Identifies a mail exchange for the domain with
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater a 16-bit preference value (lower is better)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by the host name of the mail exchange.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 974, RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Name authority pointer. Described in RFC 2915.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A network service access point.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1706.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The authoritative name server for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not exist in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein existing name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 4034.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs with an owner name in a certain name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interval do not exist in a zone and indicate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein what RR types are present for an existing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name. NSEC3 differs from NSEC in that it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prevents zone enumeration but is more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein computationally expensive on both the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the client than NSEC. Described in RFC
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Used in DNSSECbis to tell the authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server which NSEC3 chains are available to use.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 5155.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used in DNSSEC to securely indicate that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not exist in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein existing name.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Used in original DNSSEC; replaced by NSEC in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Described in RFC 2535.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A pointer to another part of the domain
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews name space. Described in RFC 1035.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Provides mappings between RFC 822 and X.400
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater addresses. Described in RFC 2163.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Information on persons responsible
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater for the domain. Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Contains DNSSECbis signature data. Described
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in RFC 4034.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Route-through binding for hosts that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein do not have their own direct wide area network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Contains DNSSEC signature data. Used in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein original DNSSEC; replaced by RRSIG in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSECbis, but still used for SIG(0).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies the start of a zone of authority.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1035.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Contains the Sender Policy Framework information
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for a given email domain. Described in RFC 4408.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information about well known network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein services (replaces WKS). Described in RFC 2782.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Provides a way to securely publish a secure shell key's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fingerprint. Described in RFC 4255.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Text records. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information about which well known
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network services, such as SMTP, that a domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports. Historical.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Representation of X.25 network addresses.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following <span class="emphasis"><em>classes</em></span> of resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are currently valid in the DNS:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created at MIT in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Rarely used for its historical purpose, but reused for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built-in server information zones, e.g.,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Hesiod, an information service
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein developed by MIT's Project Athena. It is used to share
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein about various systems databases, such as users,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein groups, printers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The owner name is often implicit, rather than forming an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein part of the RR. For example, many name servers internally form
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or hash structures for the name space, and chain RRs off nodes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The remaining RR parts are the fixed header (type, class, TTL)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which is consistent for all RRs, and a variable part (RDATA)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fits the needs of the resource being described.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The meaning of the TTL field is a time limit on how long an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RR can be kept in a cache. This limit does not apply to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data in zones; it is also timed out, but by the refreshing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the zone. The TTL is assigned by the administrator for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone where the data originates. While short TTLs can be used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minimize caching, and a zero TTL prohibits caching, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of Internet performance suggest that these times should be on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order of days for the typical host. If a change can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein anticipated,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the TTL can be reduced prior to the change to minimize
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inconsistency
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein during the change, and then increased back to its former value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The data in the RDATA section of RRs is carried as a combination
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of binary strings and domain names. The domain names are
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews used as "pointers" to other data in the DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2594506"></a>Textual expression of RRs</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs are represented in binary form in the packets of the DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein protocol, and are usually represented in highly encoded form
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stored in a name server or resolver. In the examples provided
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 1034, a style similar to that used in master files was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in order to show the contents of RRs. In this format, most RRs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are shown on a single line, although continuation lines are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using parentheses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The start of the line gives the owner of the RR. If a line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begins with a blank, then the owner is assumed to be the same as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that of the previous RR. Blank lines are often included for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein readability.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following the owner, we list the TTL, type, and class of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RR. Class and type use the mnemonics defined above, and TTL is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an integer before the type field. In order to avoid ambiguity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parsing, type and class mnemonics are disjoint, TTLs are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the type mnemonic is always last. The IN class and TTL
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are often omitted from examples in the interests of clarity.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The resource data or RDATA section of the RR are given using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein knowledge of the typical representation for the data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, we might show the RRs carried in a message as:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The MX RRs have an RDATA section which consists of a 16-bit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number followed by a domain name. The address RRs use a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP address format to contain a 32-bit internet address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The above example shows six RRs, with two RRs at each of three
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain names.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Similarly we might see:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This example shows two addresses for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">XX.LCS.MIT.EDU</code>, each of a different class.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2595027"></a>Discussion of MX Records</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As described above, domain servers store information as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein series of resource records, each of which contains a particular
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews piece of information about a given domain name (which is usually,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but not always, a host). The simplest way to think of a RR is as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a typed pair of data, a domain name matched with a relevant datum,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews and stored with some additional type information to help systems
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determine when the RR is relevant.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX records are used to control delivery of email. The data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the record is a priority and a domain name. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls the order in which email delivery is attempted, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lowest number first. If two priorities are the same, a server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein chosen randomly. If no servers at a given priority are responding,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the mail transport agent will fall back to the next largest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Priority numbers do not have any absolute meaning — they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only respective to other MX records for that domain name. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name given is the machine to which the mail will be delivered.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It <span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> have an associated address record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (A or AAAA) — CNAME is not sufficient.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a given domain, if there is both a CNAME record and an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX record, the MX record is in error, and will be ignored.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the mail will be delivered to the server specified in the MX
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointed to by the CNAME.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Mail delivery will be attempted to <code class="literal">mail.example.com</code> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">mail2.example.com</code> (in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any order), and if neither of those succeed, delivery to <code class="literal">mail.backup.org</code> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be attempted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Setting_TTLs"></a>Setting TTLs</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The time-to-live of the RR field is a 32-bit integer represented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in units of seconds, and is primarily used by resolvers when they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache RRs. The TTL describes how long a RR can be cached before it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be discarded. The following three types of TTL are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used in a zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The last field in the SOA is the negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caching TTL. This controls how long other servers will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache no-such-domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (NXDOMAIN) responses from you.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum time for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein negative caching is 3 hours (3h).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The $TTL directive at the top of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone file (before the SOA) gives a default TTL for every
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a specific TTL set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each RR can have a TTL as the second
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field in the RR, which will control how long other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers can cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All of these TTLs default to units of seconds, though units
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be explicitly specified, for example, <code class="literal">1h30m</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2595710"></a>Inverse Mapping in IPv4</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Reverse name resolution (that is, translation from IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to name) is achieved by means of the <span class="emphasis"><em>in-addr.arpa</em></span> domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and PTR records. Entries in the in-addr.arpa domain are made in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein least-to-most significant order, read left to right. This is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein opposite order to the way IP addresses are usually written. Thus,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a machine with an IP address of 10.1.2.3 would have a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein corresponding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 3.2.1.10.in-addr.arpa. This name should have a PTR resource record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whose data field is the name of the machine or, optionally,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein PTR records if the machine has more than one name. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the [<span class="optional">example.com</span>] domain:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">2.1.10.in-addr.arpa</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">IN PTR foo.example.com.</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> lines in the examples
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are for providing context to the examples only — they do not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appear in the actual usage. They are only used here to indicate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that the example is relative to the listed origin.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2595906"></a>Other Zone File Directives</h3></div></div></div>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater The Master File Format was initially defined in RFC 1035 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has subsequently been extended. While the Master File Format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is class independent all records in a Master File must be of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Master File Directives include <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">$TTL.</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2595996"></a>The <span><strong class="command">@</strong></span> (at-sign)</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in the label (or name) field, the asperand or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at-sign (@) symbol represents the current origin.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At the start of the zone file, it is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>> (followed by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein trailing dot).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2596012"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>domain-name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sets the domain name that will be appended to any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unqualified records. When a zone is first read in there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is an implicit <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>><span><strong class="command">.</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (followed by trailing dot).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the domain specified in the <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein argument if it is not absolute.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinWWW CNAME MAIN-SERVER
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is equivalent to
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2596073"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Read and process the file <code class="filename">filename</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if it were included into the file at this point. If <span><strong class="command">origin</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified the file is processed with <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to that value, otherwise the current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The origin and the current domain name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein revert to the values they had prior to the <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the file has been read.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater RFC 1035 specifies that the current origin should be restored
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater an <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>, but it is silent
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater on whether the current
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater domain name should also be restored. BIND 9 restores both of
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater This could be construed as a deviation from RFC 1035, a
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater feature, or both.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2596142"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>default-ttl</code></em>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater Set the default Time To Live (TTL) for subsequent records
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater with undefined TTLs. Valid TTLs are of the range 0-2147483647
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is defined in RFC 2308.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2596179"></a><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>]
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>rhs</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used to create a series of resource records that only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein differ from each other by an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein iterator. <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> can be used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein easily generate the sets of records required to support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sub /24 reverse delegations described in RFC 2317:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN 0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-2 @ NS SERVER$.EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 $ CNAME $.0</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. NS SERVER1.EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein1.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 1.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein2.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 2.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein127.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 127.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Generate a set of A and MX records. Note the MX's right hand
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein side is a quoted string. The quotes will be stripped when the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein right hand side is processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$ORIGIN EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ A 1.2.3.$
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ MX "0 ."</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is equivalent to
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">HOST-1.EXAMPLE. A 1.2.3.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">range</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This can be one of two forms: start-stop
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews or start-stop/step. If the first form is used, then step
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1. All of start, stop and step must be positive.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein describes the owner name of the resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be created. Any single <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (dollar sign)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein symbols within the <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> string
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater are replaced by the iterator value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To get a $ in the output, you need to escape the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> using a backslash
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">\</strong></span>,
ab8729140b1ad688ab03e1e9ce438fb1cbb49222Automatic Updater e.g. <span><strong class="command">\$</strong></span>. The
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> may optionally be followed
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews by modifiers which change the offset from the
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews iterator, field width and base.
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews Modifiers are introduced by a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">{</strong></span> (left brace) immediately following the
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> as
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">${offset[,width[,base]]}</strong></span>.
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater For example, <span><strong class="command">${-20,3,d}</strong></span>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater subtracts 20 from the current value, prints the
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater result as a decimal in a zero-padded field of
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater Available output forms are decimal
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">d</strong></span>), octal
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">o</strong></span>), hexadecimal
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">x</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">X</strong></span>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater for uppercase) and nibble
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">n</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">N</strong></span>\
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater for uppercase). The default modifier is
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">${0,0,d}</strong></span>. If the
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> is not absolute, the
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater In nibble mode the value will be treated as
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater if it was a reversed hexadecimal string
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with each hexadecimal digit as a separate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein label. The width field includes the label
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For compatibility with earlier versions,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$$</strong></span> is still recognized as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicating a literal $ in the output.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the time-to-live of the generated records. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not specified this will be inherited using the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein normal TTL inheritance rules.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the class of the generated records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This must match the zone class if it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">type</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Any valid type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span>, optionally, quoted string.
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> directive is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> extension
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater and not part of the standard zone file format.
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater BIND 8 does not support the optional TTL and CLASS fields.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zonefile_format"></a>Additional File Formats</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In addition to the standard textual format, BIND 9
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports the ability to read or dump to zone files in
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews other formats. The <code class="constant">raw</code> format is
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews currently available as an additional format. It is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein binary format representing BIND 9's internal data
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater structure directly, thereby remarkably improving the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loading time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a primary server, a zone file in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="constant">raw</code> format is expected to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generated from a textual zone file by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. For a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secondary server or for a dynamic zone, it is automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generated (if this format is specified by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> option) when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> dumps the zone contents after
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone transfer or when applying prior updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a zone file in a binary format needs manual modification,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it first must be converted to a textual form by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. All
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein necessary modification should go to the text file, which
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews should then be converted to the binary form by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command again.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Although the <code class="constant">raw</code> format uses the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network byte order and avoids architecture-dependent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data alignment so that it is as much portable as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein possible, it is primarily expected to be used inside
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the same single system. In order to export a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format or make a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein portable backup of the file, it is recommended to
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater convert the file to the standard textual representation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="statistics"></a>BIND9 Statistics</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains lots of statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information and provides several interfaces for users to
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater get access to the statistics.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The available statistics include all statistics counters
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that were available in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are meaningful in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and other information that is considered useful.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The statistics information is categorized into the following
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The number of incoming DNS requests for each OPCODE.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The number of incoming queries for each RR type.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The number of outgoing queries for each RR
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews type sent from the internal resolver.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Maintained per view.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Statistics counters about incoming request processing.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters regarding zone maintenance
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater operations such as zone transfers.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters about name resolution
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater performed in the internal resolver.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Maintained per view.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number of RRsets per RR type and nonexistent
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater names stored in the cache database.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater If the exclamation mark (!) is printed for a RR
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater type, it means that particular type of RRset is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater known to be nonexistent (this is also known as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Maintained per view.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters about network related events.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater A subset of Name Server Statistics is collected and shown
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater per zone for which the server has the authority when
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span> is set to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These statistics counters are shown with their zone and view
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In some cases the view names are omitted for the default view.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater There are currently two user interfaces to get access to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater One is in the plain text format dumped to the file specified
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater by the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> configuration option.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The other is remotely accessible via a statistics channel
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater when the <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is specified in the configuration file
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels" title="statistics-channels Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="statsfile"></a>The Statistics File</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The text format statistics dump begins with a line, like:
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">+++ Statistics Dump +++ (973798949)</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number in parentheses is a standard
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Unix-style timestamp, measured as seconds since January 1, 1970.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater that line is a set of statistics information, which is categorized
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater as described above.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Each section begins with a line, like:
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">++ Name Server Statistics ++</strong></span>
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater Each section consists of lines, each containing the statistics
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater counter value followed by its textual description.
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater See below for available counters.
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater For brevity, counters that have a value of 0 are not shown
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater in the statistics file.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The statistics dump ends with the line where the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater number is identical to the number in the beginning line; for example:
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">--- Statistics Dump --- (973798949)</strong></span>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<a name="statistics_counters"></a>Statistics Counters</h3></div></div></div>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater The following tables summarize statistics counters that
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For each row of the tables, the leftmost column is the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater abbreviated symbol name of that counter.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These symbols are shown in the statistics information
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater accessed via an HTTP statistics channel.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The rightmost column gives the description of the counter,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater which is also shown in the statistics file
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (but, in this document, possibly with slight modification
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater for better readability).
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Additional notes may also be provided in this column.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater When a middle column exists between these two columns,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater it gives the corresponding counter name of the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 statistics, if applicable.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2597132"></a>Name Server Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Requestv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 requests received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note: this also counts non query requests.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Requestv6</strong></span></p>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 requests received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note: this also counts non query requests.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqEdns0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with EDNS(0) received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqBadEDNSVer</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with unsupported EDNS version received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqTSIG</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with TSIG received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqSIG0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with SIG(0) received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqBadSIG</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with invalid (TSIG or SIG(0)) signature.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqTCP</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RTCP</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater TCP requests received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">AuthQryRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RUQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Authoritative (non recursive) queries rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RecQryRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RURQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Recursive queries rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RUXFR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RUUpd</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic update requests rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Response</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RespTruncated</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Truncated responses sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RespEDNS0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with EDNS(0) sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RespTSIG</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with TSIG sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RespSIG0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with SIG(0) sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QrySuccess</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in a successful answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This means the query which returns a NOERROR response
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater with at least one answer RR.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">success</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryAuthAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in authoritative answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryNoauthAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SNaAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in non authoritative answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryReferral</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in referral answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">referral</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryNxrrset</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in NOERROR responses with no data.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nxrrset</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QrySERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in SERVFAIL.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryFORMERR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in FORMERR.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryNXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SNXD</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in NXDOMAIN.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nxdomain</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryRecursion</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries which caused the server
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to perform recursion in order to find the final answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryDuplicate</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RDupQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries which the server attempted to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater recurse but discovered an existing query with the same
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IP address, port, query ID, name, type and class
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater already being processed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">duplicate</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryDropped</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Recursive queries for which the server
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater discovered an excessive number of existing
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater recursive queries for the same name, type and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater class and were subsequently dropped.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This is the number of dropped queries due to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the reason explained with the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (see the description about
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#clients-per-query"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span></a>.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dropped</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryFailure</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Other query failures.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">failure</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note: this counter is provided mainly for
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater backward compatibility with the previous versions.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Normally a more fine-grained counters such as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">AuthQryRej</strong></span> and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">RecQryRej</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater that would also fall into this counter are provided,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and so this counter would not be of much
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater interest in practice.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrReqDone</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requested zone transfers completed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateReqFwd</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Update requests forwarded.
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateRespFwd</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Update responses forwarded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateFwdFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic update forward failed.
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateDone</strong></span></p>
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates completed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateBadPrereq</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates rejected due to prerequisite failure.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2598674"></a>Zone Maintenance Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyOutv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 notifies sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyOutv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 notifies sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyInv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 notifies received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyInv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 notifies received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Incoming notifies rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SOAOutv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 SOA queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SOAOutv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 SOA queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">AXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 AXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">AXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 AXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">IXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 IXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">IXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 IXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrSuccess</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests succeeded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2599125"></a>Resolver Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Queryv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Queryv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Responsev4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Responsev6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RNXD</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater NXDOMAIN received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">FORMERR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RFErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater FORMERR received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">OtherError</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Other errors received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">EDNS0Fail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater EDNS(0) query failures.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Mismatch</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RDupR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Mismatch responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The DNS ID, response's source address,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and/or the response's source port does not
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater match what was expected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (The port must be 53 or as defined by
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> option.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This may be an indication of a cache
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater poisoning attempt.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Truncated</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Truncated responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Lame</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RLame</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Lame delegations received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Retry</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SDupQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Query retries performed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QueryAbort</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries aborted due to quota control.
65e9adc0e8185883d0de6690683ef4c2a0cc968bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QuerySockFail</strong></span></p>
65e9adc0e8185883d0de6690683ef4c2a0cc968bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Failures in opening query sockets.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater One common reason for such failures is a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater failure of opening a new socket due to a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater limitation on file descriptors.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QueryTimeout</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Query timeouts.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SSysQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 NS address fetches invoked.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SSysQ</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv6 NS address fetches invoked.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv4Fail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv4 NS address fetch failed.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv6Fail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv6 NS address fetch failed.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValAttempt</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater DNSSEC validation attempted.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValOk</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation succeeded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValNegOk</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation on negative information succeeded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryRTTnn</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Frequency table on round trip times (RTTs) of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Each <span><strong class="command">nn</strong></span> specifies the corresponding
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In the sequence of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_1</strong></span>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_2</strong></span>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m</strong></span>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the value of <span><strong class="command">nn_i</strong></span> is the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater number of queries whose RTTs are between
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_(i-1)</strong></span> (inclusive) and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_i</strong></span> (exclusive) milliseconds.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For the sake of convenience we define
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_0</strong></span> to be 0.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The last entry should be represented as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m+</strong></span>, which means the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater number of queries whose RTTs are equal to or over
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m</strong></span> milliseconds.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2600147"></a>Socket I/O Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Socket I/O statistics counters are defined per socket
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater types, which are
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP4</strong></span> (UDP/IPv4),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP6</strong></span> (UDP/IPv6),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">TCP4</strong></span> (TCP/IPv4),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">TCP6</strong></span> (TCP/IPv6),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">Unix</strong></span> (Unix Domain), and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> (sockets opened outside the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater socket module).
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In the following table <span><strong class="command"><TYPE></strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater represents a socket type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Not all counters are available for all socket types;
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater exceptions are noted in the description field.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Open</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Sockets opened successfully.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> type.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>OpenFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Failures of opening sockets.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> type.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Close</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Sockets closed.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>BindFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Failures of binding sockets.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>ConnFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Failures of connecting sockets.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Conn</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Connections established successfully.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>AcceptFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Failures of accepting incoming connection requests.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP</strong></span> and
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> types.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Accept</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Incoming connections successfully accepted.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP</strong></span> and
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> types.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>SendErr</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Errors in socket send operations.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter corresponds
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater to <span><strong class="command">SErr</strong></span> counter of
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>RecvErr</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Errors in socket receive operations.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This includes errors of send operations on a
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater connected UDP socket notified by an ICMP error
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<a name="id2600588"></a>Compatibility with <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND</em></span> 8 Counters</h4></div></div></div>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Most statistics counters that were available
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater in <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8 are also supported in
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 as shown in the above tables.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Here are notes about other counters that do not appear
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater in these tables.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RFwdR,SFwdR</strong></span></span></dt>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater These counters are not supported
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater because <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 does not adopt
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater the notion of <span class="emphasis"><em>forwarding</em></span>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater as <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8 did.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RAXFR</strong></span></span></dt>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is accessible in the Incoming Queries section.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RIQ</strong></span></span></dt>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is accessible in the Incoming Requests section.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ROpts</strong></span></span></dt>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is not supported
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater because <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 does not care
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater about IP options in the first place.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html">Prev</a>�</td>
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c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter�5.�The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Lightweight Resolver�</td>
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c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�Chapter�7.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</td>