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990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<title>Chapter�6.�BIND 9 Configuration Reference</title>
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71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</th></tr>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<a name="Bv9ARM.ch06"></a>Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574465">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575193"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575383"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575742"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575760"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575783"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575806"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575965"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576160"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2578117"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2578259"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2578323"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2578366"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2578388"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2590061"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2590201"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2590248"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed-keys"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2590742"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592422"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2595920">Zone File</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2598082">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2598697">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2598824">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2599029"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_counters">Statistics Counters</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration is broadly similar
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8; however, there are a few new
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews of configuration, such as views. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews 8 configuration files should work with few alterations in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9, although more complex configurations should be reviewed to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if they can be more efficiently implemented using the new features
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews found in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4 configuration files can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein converted to the new format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the shell script
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">contrib/named-bootconf/named-bootconf.sh</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="configuration_file_elements"></a>Configuration File Elements</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Following is a list of elements used throughout the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file documentation:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name of an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defined by the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>, <code class="varname">key_id</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="varname">acl_name</code> elements, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A named list of one or more <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews with optional <code class="varname">key_id</code> and/or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A <code class="varname">masters_list</code> may include other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a DNS name, for example "<code class="literal">my.test.domain</code>".
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater A list of one or more <code class="varname">domain_name</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One to four integers valued 0 through
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 255 separated by dots (`.'), such as <span><strong class="command">123</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">45.67</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">89.123.45.67</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv4 address with exactly four elements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <code class="varname">dotted_decimal</code> notation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv6 address, such as <span><strong class="command">2001:db8::1234</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews IPv6 scoped addresses that have ambiguity on their
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews scope zones must be disambiguated by an appropriate
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews zone ID with the percent character (`%') as
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews delimiter. It is strongly recommended to use
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews string zone names rather than numeric identifiers,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews in order to be robust against system configuration
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews changes. However, since there is no standard
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews mapping for such names and identifier values,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews currently only interface names as link identifiers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported, assuming one-to-one mapping between
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews interfaces and links. For example, a link-local
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews address <span><strong class="command">fe80::1</strong></span> on the link
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews attached to the interface <span><strong class="command">ne0</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified as <span><strong class="command">fe80::1%ne0</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews Note that on most systems link-local addresses
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews always have the ambiguity, and need to be
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews disambiguated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <code class="varname">ip4_addr</code> or <code class="varname">ip6_addr</code>.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User An IP port <code class="varname">number</code>.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User The <code class="varname">number</code> is limited to 0
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User through 65535, with values
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User below 1024 typically restricted to use by processes running
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User In some cases, an asterisk (`*') character can be used as a
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User placeholder to
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User select a random high-numbered port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IP network specified as an <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews followed by a slash (`/') and then the number of bits in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Trailing zeros in a <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may omitted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, <span><strong class="command">127/8</strong></span> is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">127.0.0.0</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein netmask <span><strong class="command">255.0.0.0</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0/28</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0</strong></span> with netmask <span><strong class="command">255.255.255.240</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When specifying a prefix involving a IPv6 scoped address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the scope may be omitted. In that case the prefix will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match packets from any scope.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews A <code class="varname">domain_name</code> representing
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews the name of a shared key, to be used for transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separated by semicolons and ending with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A non-negative 32-bit integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (i.e., a number between 0 and 4294967295, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Its acceptable value might further
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be limited by the context in which it is used.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a pathname, such as <code class="filename">zones/master/my.test.domain</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of an <code class="varname">ip_port</code> or a port
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A port range is specified in the form of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>range</code></strong> followed by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">port_high</code>, which represents
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein port numbers from <code class="varname">port_low</code> through
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, inclusive.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_low</code> must not be larger than
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range 1024 65535</code></strong> represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater ports from 1024 through 65535.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater In either case an asterisk (`*') character is not
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater allowed as a valid <code class="varname">ip_port</code>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A number, the word <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater or the word <strong class="userinput"><code>default</code></strong>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater An <code class="varname">unlimited</code> <code class="varname">size_spec</code> requests unlimited
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater use, or the maximum available amount. A <code class="varname">default size_spec</code> uses
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the limit that was in force when the server was started.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">number</code> can optionally be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by a scaling factor:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>K</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>k</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for kilobytes,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>M</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>m</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for megabytes, and
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>G</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>g</code></strong> for gigabytes,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User which scale by 1024, 1024*1024, and 1024*1024*1024
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User respectively.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User The value must be representable as a 64-bit unsigned integer
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User (0 to 18446744073709551615, inclusive).
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User Using <code class="varname">unlimited</code> is the best
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User to safely set a really large number.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Either <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The words <strong class="userinput"><code>true</code></strong> and <strong class="userinput"><code>false</code></strong> are
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews also accepted, as are the numbers <strong class="userinput"><code>1</code></strong>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User and <strong class="userinput"><code>0</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One of <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in a zone, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>, and <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are restricted to slave and stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="address_match_lists"></a>Address Match Lists</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574299"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><code class="varname">address_match_list</code> = address_match_list_element ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address_match_list_element; ... </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<code class="varname">address_match_list_element</code> = [<span class="optional"> ! </span>] (ip_address [<span class="optional">/length</span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key key_id | acl_name | { address_match_list } )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574327"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control for various server operations. They are also used in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements. The elements which constitute an address match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list can be any of the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a key ID, as defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>the name of an address match list defined with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>a nested address match list enclosed in braces</li>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Elements can be negated with a leading exclamation mark (`!'),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the match list names "any", "none", "localhost", and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "localnets" are predefined. More information on those names
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be found in the description of the acl statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The addition of the key clause made the name of this syntactic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element something of a misnomer, since security keys can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to validate access without regard to a host or network address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Nonetheless, the term "address match list" is still used
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews throughout the documentation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a given IP address or prefix is compared to an address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match list, the comparison takes place in approximately O(1)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. However, key comparisons require that the list of keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be traversed until a matching key is found, and therefore may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be somewhat slower.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used for access control, defining <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> ports, or in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>, and whether the element was negated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used as an access control list, a non-negated match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allows access and a negated match denies access. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein there is no match, access is denied. The clauses
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span>,
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span>,
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>,
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span> all use address match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists. Similarly, the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option will cause the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews server to refuse queries on any of the machine's
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews addresses which do not match the list.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Order of insertion is significant. If more than one element
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews in an ACL is found to match a given IP address or prefix,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein preference will be given to the one that came
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> in the ACL definition.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater Because of this first-match behavior, an element that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a subset of another element in the list should
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein come before the broader element, regardless of whether
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews either is negated. For example, in
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">1.2.3/24; ! 1.2.3.13;</strong></span>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews the 1.2.3.13 element is completely useless because the
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews algorithm will match any lookup for 1.2.3.13 to the 1.2.3/24
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews element. Using <span><strong class="command">! 1.2.3.13; 1.2.3/24</strong></span> fixes
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews that problem by having 1.2.3.13 blocked by the negation, but
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews all other 1.2.3.* hosts fall through.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<a name="id2574465"></a>Comment Syntax</h3></div></div></div>
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 comment syntax allows for
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews comments to appear
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews anywhere that whitespace may appear in a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. To appeal to programmers of all kinds, they can be written
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<a name="id2574616"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">/* This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C */</pre>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">// This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C++</pre>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"># This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in common UNIX shells
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews# and perl</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<a name="id2574646"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Comments may appear anywhere that whitespace may appear in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments start with the two characters /* (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein star) and end with */ (star, slash). Because they are completely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delimited with these characters, they can be used to comment only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a portion of a line or to span multiple lines.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments cannot be nested. For example, the following
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews is not valid because the entire comment ends with the first */:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">/* This is the start of a comment.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater This is still part of the comment.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater/* This is an incorrect attempt at nesting a comment. */
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is no longer in any comment. */
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C++-style comments start with the two characters // (slash,
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">// This is the start of a comment. The next line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein// is a new comment, even though it is logically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein// part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Shell-style (or perl-style, if you prefer) comments start
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce with the character <code class="literal">#</code> (number sign)
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce and continue to the end of the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce physical line, as in C++ comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"># This is the start of a comment. The next line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein# is a new comment, even though it is logically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein# part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce You cannot use the semicolon (`;') character
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce to start a comment such as you would in a zone file. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein semicolon indicates the end of a configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Configuration_File_Grammar"></a>Configuration File Grammar</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration consists of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements and comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statements end with a semicolon. Statements and comments are the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only elements that can appear without enclosing braces. Many
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce statements contain a block of sub-statements, which are also
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce terminated with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following statements are supported:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching list, for access control and other uses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares control channels to be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein includes a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies key information for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authentication and authorization using TSIG.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies what the server logs, and where
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log messages are sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configures <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also act as a light-weight resolver daemon (<span><strong class="command">lwresd</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named masters list for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inclusion in stub and slave zones'
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls global server configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options and sets defaults for other statements.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sets certain configuration options on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a per-server basis.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares communication channels to get access to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> statistics.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span></p>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater defines trusted DNSSEC keys.
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists DNSSEC keys to be kept up to date
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater using RFC 5011 trust anchor maintenance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span></p>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater defines a zone.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> and
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statements may only occur once
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575193"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> acl-name {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address_match_list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="acl"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement assigns a symbolic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name to an address match list. It gets its name from a primary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use of address match lists: Access Control Lists (ACLs).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that an address match list's name must be defined
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> before it can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein elsewhere; no forward references are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following ACLs are built-in:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">any</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches all hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">none</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches no hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of all network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces on the system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches any host on an IPv4 or IPv6 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the system has an interface.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Some systems do not provide a way to determine the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In such a case, <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only matches the local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 addresses, just like <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575383"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> }
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ unix <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> perm <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> owner <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> group <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ unix ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="controls_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement declares control
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels to be used by system administrators to control the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation of the name server. These control channels are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility to send
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein commands to and retrieve non-DNS results from a name server.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User If you will only use <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> on the local host,
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User using the loopback address (<code class="literal">127.0.0.1</code>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User or <code class="literal">::1</code>) is recommended for maximum security.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User If no port is specified, port 953 is used. The asterisk
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User The ability to issue commands over the control channel is
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User restricted by the <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> and
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clauses.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User Connections to the control channel are permitted based on the
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>. This is for simple
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User IP address based filtering only; any <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User elements of the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User A <span><strong class="command">unix</strong></span> control channel is a UNIX domain
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User socket listening at the specified path in the file system.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User Access to the socket is specified by the <span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>,
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">owner</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">group</strong></span> clauses.
02bd0d97b8e0193e229b16446b65bdb4c84ce33eTinderbox User Note on some platforms (SunOS and Solaris) the permissions
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User (<span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>) are applied to the parent directory
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User as the permissions on the socket itself are ignored.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User The primary authorization mechanism of the command
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User channel is the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>, which
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User contains a list of <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>s.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User Each <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> in the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User is authorized to execute commands over the control channel.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#rndc">Remote Name Daemon Control application</a> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#admin_tools" title="Administrative Tools">the section called “Administrative Tools”</a>)
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User for information about configuring keys in <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User If no <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement is present,
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will set up a default
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User control channel listening on the loopback address 127.0.0.1
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User and its IPv6 counterpart ::1.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User In this case, and also when the <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User is present but does not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause,
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to load the command channel key
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User from the file <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc</code> (or whatever <code class="varname">sysconfdir</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was specified as when <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> was built).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To create a <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file, run
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong>.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature was created to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews ease the transition of systems from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews which did not have digital signatures on its command channel
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater messages and thus did not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews It makes it possible to use an existing <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce configuration file in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 unchanged,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and still have <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> work the same way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span> worked in BIND 8, simply by executing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong> after BIND 9 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is only intended to allow the backward-compatible usage of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 configuration files, this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein feature does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have a high degree of configurability. You cannot easily change
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the key name or the size of the secret, so you should make a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> with your own key if you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein wish to change
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews those things. The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews also has its
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews permissions set such that only the owner of the file (the user that
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running as) can access it.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews desire greater flexibility in allowing other users to access
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> commands, then you need to create
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> file and make it group
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein readable by a group
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that contains the users who should have access.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews To disable the command channel, use an empty
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">controls { };</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2575742"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>;</pre>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2575760"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> statement inserts the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews specified file at the point where the <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement is encountered. The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement facilitates the administration of configuration
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews by permitting the reading or writing of some things but not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein others. For example, the statement could include private keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are readable only by the name server.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2575783"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em> {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews algorithm <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secret <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575806"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement defines a shared
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secret key for use with TSIG (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the command channel
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement can occur at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement. Keys defined in top-level <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
33682c92e96b39c395cdb2c3feb8eb5914e7d5a8Andreas Gustafsson statements can be used in all views. Keys intended for use in
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews a <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Usage”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be defined at the top level.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>, also known as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name, is a domain name uniquely identifying the key. It can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in a <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews statement to cause requests sent to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to be signed with this key, or in address match lists to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein verify that incoming requests have been signed with a key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this name, algorithm, and secret.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em> is a string
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that specifies a security/authentication algorithm. Named
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code> TSIG authentication.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Truncated hashes are supported by appending the minimum
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews number of required bits preceded by a dash, e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em> is the secret
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used by the algorithm, and is treated as a base-64
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein encoded string.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575965"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User [ <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> | <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> ) ]
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews [ <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>size spec</code></em> ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>syslog_facility</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> );
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User [ <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> (<code class="option">critical</code> | <code class="option">error</code> | <code class="option">warning</code> | <code class="option">notice</code> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">info</code> | <code class="option">debug</code> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em> ] | <code class="option">dynamic</code> ); ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>category_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; [ <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; ... ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User<a name="id2576160"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement configures a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein variety of logging options for the name server. Its <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associates output methods, format options and severity levels with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a name that can then be used with the <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to select how various classes of messages are logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only one <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as many channels and categories as are wanted. If there is no <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the logging configuration will be:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category unmatched { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the logging configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only established when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the entire configuration file has been parsed. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, it was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein established as soon as the <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was parsed. When the server is starting up, all logging messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regarding syntax errors in the configuration file go to the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels, or to standard error if the "<code class="option">-g</code>" option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576212"></a>The <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All log output goes to one or more <span class="emphasis"><em>channels</em></span>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you can make as many of them as you want.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Every channel definition must include a destination clause that
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews says whether messages selected for the channel go to a file, to a
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews particular syslog facility, to the standard error stream, or are
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews discarded. It can optionally also limit the message severity level
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews that will be accepted by the channel (the default is
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span>), and whether to include a
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>-generated time stamp, the
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews category name
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews and/or severity level (the default is not to include any).
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein causes all messages sent to the channel to be discarded;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that case, other options for the channel are meaningless.
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> destination clause directs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to a disk file. It can include limitations
cf3f55777b86527d5b00bb39d661c5fe6f9625f2Automatic Updater both on how large the file is allowed to become, and how many
9aafbfaefbfcaef713dddbf4e83807c282f07b88Tinderbox User of the file will be saved each time the file is opened.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you use the <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> log file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will retain that many backup
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein versions of the file by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renaming them when opening. For example, if you choose to keep
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three old versions
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce of the file <code class="filename">lamers.log</code>, then just
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before it is opened
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code> is renamed to
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <code class="filename">lamers.log.2</code>, <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code> is renamed
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce to <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code>, and <code class="filename">lamers.log</code> is
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce renamed to <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You can say <span><strong class="command">versions unlimited</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the number of versions.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option is associated with
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User the log file,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then renaming is only done when the file being opened exceeds the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated size. No backup versions are kept by default; any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log file is simply appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option for files is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to limit log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein growth. If the file ever exceeds the size, then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop writing to the file unless it has a <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with it. If backup versions are kept, the files are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein described above and a new one begun. If there is no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option, no more data will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be written to the log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein until some out-of-band mechanism removes or truncates the log to
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson maximum size. The default behavior is not to limit the size of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Example usage of the <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> and
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> options:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel an_example_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "example.log" versions 3 size 20m;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print-time yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print-category yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the system log. Its argument is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog facility as described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. Known facilities are <span><strong class="command">kern</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">user</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">mail</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">auth</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">lpr</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">news</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">uucp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">cron</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">authpriv</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ftp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local0</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local1</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local2</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local3</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local4</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local5</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local6</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local7</strong></span>, however not all facilities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all operating systems.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> will handle messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this facility is described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. If you have a system which uses a very old version of <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only uses two arguments to the <span><strong class="command">openlog()</strong></span> function,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then this clause is silently ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> clause works like <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>'s
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "priorities", except that they can also be used if you are writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein straight to a file rather than using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages which are not at least of the severity level given will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be selected for the channel; messages of higher severity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you are using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, then the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> priorities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will also determine what eventually passes through. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defining a channel facility and severity as <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only logging <span><strong class="command">daemon.warning</strong></span> via <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> will
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews cause messages of severity <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span> and
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notice</strong></span> to
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews be dropped. If the situation were reversed, with <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages of only <span><strong class="command">warning</strong></span> or higher,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then <span><strong class="command">syslogd</strong></span> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print all messages it received from the channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the server's standard error stream. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use when the server is running as a foreground process, for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when debugging a configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server can supply extensive debugging information when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is in debugging mode. If the server's global debug level is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than zero, then debugging mode will be active. The global debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level is set either by starting the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the <code class="option">-d</code> flag followed by a positive integer,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or by running <span><strong class="command">rndc trace</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The global debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be set to zero, and debugging mode turned off, by running <span><strong class="command">rndc
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinnotrace</strong></span>. All debugging messages in the server have a debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level, and higher debug levels give more detailed output. Channels
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that specify a specific debug severity, for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel specific_debug_level {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity debug 3;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will get debugging output of level 3 or less any time the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server is in debugging mode, regardless of the global debugging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level. Channels with <span><strong class="command">dynamic</strong></span>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce severity use the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce server's global debug level to determine what messages to print.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> has been turned on,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and time will be logged. <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified for a <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> channel,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but is usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointless since <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> also logs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. If <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requested, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category of the message will be logged as well. Finally, if <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on, then the severity level of the message will be logged. The <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in any combination, and will always be printed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order: time, category, severity. Here is an example where all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">28-Feb-2000 15:05:32.863 general: notice: running</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are four predefined channels that are used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>'s default logging as follows.
8a8a1fe98c89d0c683387b15a93b36ee7fe34b77Tinderbox User used is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_category_phrase" title="The category Phrase">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel default_syslog {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // send to syslog's daemon facility
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog daemon;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // only send priority info and higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel default_debug {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // write to named.run in the working directory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Note: stderr is used instead of "named.run" if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // the server is started with the '-f' option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // log at the server's current debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity dynamic;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel default_stderr {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // writes to stderr
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // only send priority info and higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel null {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // toss anything sent to this channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">default_debug</strong></span> channel has the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein property that it only produces output when the server's debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein nonzero. It normally writes to a file called <code class="filename">named.run</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the server's working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For security reasons, when the "<code class="option">-u</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option is used, the <code class="filename">named.run</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is created only after <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> has
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews changed to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein new UID, and any debug output generated while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein starting up and still running as root is discarded. If you need
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to capture this output, you must run the server with the "<code class="option">-g</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option and redirect standard error to a file.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Once a channel is defined, it cannot be redefined. Thus you
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce cannot alter the built-in channels directly, but you can modify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default logging by pointing categories at channels you have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_category_phrase"></a>The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are many categories, so you can send the logs you want
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to see wherever you want, without seeing logs you don't want. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you don't specify a list of channels for a category, then log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that category will be sent to the <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span> category
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instead. If you don't specify a default category, the following
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater "default default" is used:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As an example, let's say you want to log security events to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a file, but you also want keep the default logging behavior. You'd
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel my_security_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "my_security_file";
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeincategory security {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein my_security_channel;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default_syslog;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default_debug;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To discard all messages in a category, specify the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category xfer-out { null; };
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updatercategory notify { null; };
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Following are the available categories and brief descriptions
7c0ebe385b36d64c2424dd5a3e62d441c08e7037Andreas Gustafsson of the types of log information they contain. More
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson categories may be added in future <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> releases.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">default</strong></span></p>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce The default category defines the logging
7c0ebe385b36d64c2424dd5a3e62d441c08e7037Andreas Gustafsson options for those categories where no specific
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson configuration has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">general</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The catch-all. Many things still aren't
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein classified into categories, and they all end up here.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages relating to the databases used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internally by the name server to store zone and cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">config</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Configuration file parsing and processing.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <p><span><strong class="command">resolver</strong></span></p>
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson DNS resolution, such as the recursive
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson lookups performed on behalf of clients by a caching name
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-in</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is receiving.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-out</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is sending.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The NOTIFY protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">client</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Processing of client requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">unmatched</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages that <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> was unable to determine the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class of or for which there was no matching <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A one line summary is also logged to the <span><strong class="command">client</strong></span> category.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default it is sent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">network</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Network operations.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update-security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of update requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify where queries should be logged to.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At startup, specifying the category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span> will also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enable query logging unless <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> option has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The query log entry reports the client's IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address and port number, and the query name,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class and type. Next it reports whether the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Recursion Desired flag was set (+ if set, -
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if not set), if the query was signed (S),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS was in use (E), if TCP was used (T), if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DO (DNSSEC Ok) was set (D), or if CD (Checking
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disabled) was set (C). After this the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein destination address the query was sent to is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#62536: query: www.example.com IN AAAA +SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client ::1#62537: query: www.example.net IN AAAA -SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information about queries that resulted in some
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dispatch</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dispatching of incoming packets to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server modules where they are to be processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dnssec</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC and TSIG protocol processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lame-servers</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Lame servers. These are misconfigurations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in remote servers, discovered by BIND 9 when trying to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query those servers during resolution.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Delegation only. Logs queries that have been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forced to NXDOMAIN as the result of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delegation-only zone or a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span> in a hint
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or stub zone declaration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">edns-disabled</strong></span></p>
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews Log queries that have been forced to use plain
919c99b7a47dadd4564eb2b48be2f59216d932fcAutomatic Updater DNS due to timeouts. This is often due to
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews the remote servers not being RFC 1034 compliant
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews (not always returning FORMERR or similar to
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater EDNS queries and other extensions to the DNS
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater when they are not understood). In other words, this is
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater targeted at servers that fail to respond to
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater DNS queries that they don't understand.
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews Note: the log message can also be due to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein packet loss. Before reporting servers for
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater non-RFC 1034 compliance they should be re-tested
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to determine the nature of the non-compliance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This testing should prevent or reduce the
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater number of false-positive reports.
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater Note: eventually <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will have to stop
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater treating such timeouts as due to RFC 1034 non
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater compliance and start treating it as plain
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater packet loss. Falsely classifying packet
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loss as due to RFC 1034 non compliance impacts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on DNSSEC validation which requires EDNS for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the DNSSEC records to be returned.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RPZ</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Information about errors in response policy zone files,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater rewritten responses, and at the highest
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> levels, mere rewriting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2577597"></a>The <span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span> Category</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span> category is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifically intended for debugging purposes: To identify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein why and how specific queries result in responses which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicate an error.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages of this category are therefore only logged
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> levels.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At the debug levels of 1 or higher, each response with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rcode of SERVFAIL is logged as follows:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#61502: query failed (SERVFAIL) for www.example.com/IN/AAAA at query.c:3880</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This means an error resulting in SERVFAIL was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein detected at line 3880 of source file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Log messages of this level will particularly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein help identify the cause of SERVFAIL for an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At the debug levels of 2 or higher, detailed context
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information of recursive resolutions that resulted in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SERVFAIL is logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The log message will look like as follows:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinfetch completed at resolver.c:2970 for www.example.com/A
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinin 30.000183: timed out/success [domain:example.com,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinreferral:2,restart:7,qrysent:8,timeout:5,lame:0,neterr:0,
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrewsbadresp:1,adberr:0,findfail:0,valfail:0]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews The first part before the colon shows that a recursive
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews resolution for AAAA records of www.example.com completed
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews in 30.000183 seconds and the final result that led to the
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews SERVFAIL was determined at line 2970 of source file
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews The following part shows the detected final result and the
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews latest result of DNSSEC validation.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews The latter is always success when no validation attempt
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews In this example, this query resulted in SERVFAIL probably
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews because all name servers are down or unreachable, leading
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews to a timeout in 30 seconds.
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews DNSSEC validation was probably not attempted.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews The last part enclosed in square brackets shows statistics
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews information collected for this particular resolution
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews The <code class="varname">domain</code> field shows the deepest zone
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews that the resolver reached;
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews it is the zone where the error was finally detected.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews The meaning of the other fields is summarized in the
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews following table.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">referral</code></p>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The number of referrals the resolver received
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater throughout the resolution process.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater In the above example this is 2, which are most
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The number of cycles that the resolver tried
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User remote servers at the <code class="varname">domain</code>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User In each cycle the resolver sends one query
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User (possibly resending it, depending on the response)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User to each known name server of
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The number of queries the resolver sent at the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">timeout</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of timeouts since the resolver
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater received the last response.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of lame servers the resolver detected
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater A server is detected to be lame either by an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater invalid response or as a result of lookup in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater BIND9's address database (ADB), where lame
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater servers are cached.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">neterr</code></p>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The number of erroneous results that the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater resolver encountered in sending queries
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater One common case is the remote server is
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater unreachable and the resolver receives an ICMP
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater unreachable error message.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">badresp</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of unexpected responses (other than
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">lame</code>) to queries sent by the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">adberr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures in finding remote server addresses
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater of the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone in the ADB.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case of this is that the remote
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater server's name does not have any address records.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">findfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of resolving remote server addresses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is a total number of failures throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">valfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of DNSSEC validation.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Validation failures are counted throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process (not limited to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone), but should
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater only happen in <code class="varname">domain</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 3 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 1 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Note that negative responses such as NXDOMAIN are not
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater regarded as errors here.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 4 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 2 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Unlike the above case of level 3, messages are logged for
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater negative responses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is because any unexpected results can be difficult to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater debug in the recursion case.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2578117"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> {
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> listen-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ;
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> view <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> search { <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ndots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2578259"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statement configures the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater server to also act as a lightweight resolver server. (See
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#lwresd" title="Running a Resolver Daemon">the section called “Running a Resolver Daemon”</a>.) There may be multiple
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statements configuring
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater lightweight resolver servers with different properties.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statement specifies a
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater addresses (and ports) that this instance of a lightweight resolver
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater should accept requests on. If no port is specified, port 921 is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If this statement is omitted, requests will be accepted on
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement binds this
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater lightweight resolver daemon to a view in the DNS namespace, so that
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater response will be constructed in the same manner as a normal DNS
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater matching this view. If this statement is omitted, the default view
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater used, and if there is no default view, an error is triggered.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It provides a
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater list of domains
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater which are appended to relative names in queries.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It indicates the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater number of dots in a relative domain name that should result in an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater exact match lookup before search path elements are appended.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2578323"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> |
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] };
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2578366"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater lists allow for a common set of masters to be easily used by
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater multiple stub and slave zones in their <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater or <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> lists.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2578388"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> {
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> attach-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> version <em class="replaceable"><code>version_string</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> hostname <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname_string</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> server-id <em class="replaceable"><code>server_id_string</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> managed-keys-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> named-xfer <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-keytab <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-credential <em class="replaceable"><code>principal</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-domain <em class="replaceable"><code>domainname</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-dhkey <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_tag</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> cache-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dump-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> bindkeys-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> secroots-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> session-keyfile <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> session-keyname <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> session-keyalg <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> memstatistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> memstatistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pid-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> recursing-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> statistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> auth-nxdomain <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> deallocate-on-exit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> fake-iquery <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> fetch-glue <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> flush-zones-on-shutdown <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> has-old-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> host-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> host-statistics-max <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> minimal-responses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
4e243fdc6b33a6371208b48d64912d8e327b4f5cAndreas Gustafsson [<span class="optional"> multiple-cnames <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> recursion <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> rfc2308-type1 <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-id-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences (<em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <code class="constant">master</code> | <code class="constant">slave</code>); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-validation (<em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <code class="constant">auto</code>); </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-lookaside ( <em class="replaceable"><code>auto</code></em> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> trust-anchor <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-must-be-secure <em class="replaceable"><code>domain yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-accept-expired <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward ( <em class="replaceable"><code>only</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>first</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dual-stack-servers [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ) ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ... }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names ( <em class="replaceable"><code>master</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>slave</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>response</code></em> )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-dup-records ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-srv-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-sibling <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-new-zones { <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-update-mode ( <em class="replaceable"><code>maintain</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>no-resign</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-loadkeys-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-v6-synthesis { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> blackhole { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> avoid-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> avoid-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> listen-on [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> listen-on-v6 [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] |
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] ) ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] ) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-updateinterval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tcp-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> reserved-sockets <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> recursive-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> serial-query-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> serial-queries <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> tcp-listen-queue <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-per-ns <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>keyname</code></em></span>] ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>keyname</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> coresize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> datasize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> files <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> stacksize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> heartbeat-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> interface-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> statistics-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> topology { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sortlist { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> rrset-order { <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; ... </span>] </span>] };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> lame-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ncache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-cache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-roots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> treat-cr-as-space <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> additional-from-auth <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> additional-from-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> random-device <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em> ; </span>]
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-cache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> match-mapped-addresses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> filter-aaaa-on-v4 ( <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>break-dnssec</code></em> ); </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> filter-aaaa { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dns64 <em class="replaceable"><code>IPv6-prefix</code></em> {
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> mapped { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> suffix IPv6-address; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> break-dnssec <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews }; </span>];
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dns64-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dns64-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>]
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> preferred-glue ( <em class="replaceable"><code>A</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>AAAA</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>NONE</code></em> ); </span>]
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> root-delegation-only [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>] ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> querylog <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> disable-algorithms <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>;
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> acache-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-acache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> empty-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> empty-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> empty-zones-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> disable-empty-zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> resolver-query-timeout <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-addresses { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-aliases { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> response-policy { <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"> policy given | disabled | passthru | nxdomain | nodata | cname <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> </span>] ; } ; </span>]
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<a name="options"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement sets up global
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User to be used by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>. This statement
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User may appear only
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews once in a configuration file. If there is no <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User statement, an options block with each option set to its default will
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Allows multiple views to share a single cache
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Each view has its own cache database by default, but
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User if multiple views have the same operational policy
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews for name resolution and caching, those views can
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews share a single cache to save memory and possibly
b3c2030de4cc02b8e881ca4e6f62b385d4b41b0fAutomatic Updater improve resolution efficiency by using this option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may also be specified in <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements, in which case it overrides the
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater global <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em> specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the cache to be shared.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server configures
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein views which are supposed to share a cache, it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein creates a cache with the specified name for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein first view of these sharing views.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User The rest of the views will simply refer to the
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User already created cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One common configuration to share a cache would be to
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews allow all views to share a single cache.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User This can be done by specifying
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> as a global
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews option with an arbitrary name.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Another possible operation is to allow a subset of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all views to share a cache while the others to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein retain their own caches.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, if there are three views A, B, and C,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and only A and B should share a cache, specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option as a view A (or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein B)'s option, referring to the other view name:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // this view has its own cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // this view refers to A's cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein attach-cache "A";
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater // this view has its own cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Views that share a cache must have the same policy
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on configurable parameters that may affect caching.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The current implementation requires the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configurable options be consistent among these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span>,
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span>.
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater Note that there may be other parameters that may
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User cause confusion if they are inconsistent for
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater different views that share a single cache.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User For example, if these views define different sets of
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater forwarders that can return different answers for the
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater same question, sharing the answer does not make
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater sense or could even be harmful.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater It is administrator's responsibility to ensure
66edf659b7e4db8a36edec0beaf507ff3199fc22Automatic Updater configuration differences in different views do
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater not cause disruption with a shared cache.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The working directory of the server.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Any non-absolute pathnames in the configuration file will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as relative to this directory. The default location for most
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater output files (e.g. <code class="filename">named.run</code>)
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater is this directory.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User If a directory is not specified, the working directory
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User defaults to `<code class="filename">.</code>', the directory from
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews which the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was started. The directory specified should be an absolute
538a83db7509d598da95a93bd7b74ef3112123a4Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User When performing dynamic update of secure zones, the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews directory where the public and private DNSSEC key files
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews should be found, if different than the current working
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews directory. (Note that this option has no effect on the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews paths for files containing non-DNSSEC keys such as
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">session.key</code>.)
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The directory used to hold the files used to track managed keys.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User By default it is the working directory. It there are no
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User views then the file <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind</code>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User otherwise a SHA256 hash of the view name is used with
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <code class="filename">.mkeys</code> extension added.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete.</em></span> It
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to specify
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User the pathname to the <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User program. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, no separate
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span> program is needed;
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User its functionality is built into the name server.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-gssapi-keytab</strong></span></span></dt>
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User The KRB5 keytab file to use for GSS-TSIG updates. If
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User this option is set and tkey-gssapi-credential is not
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User set, then updates will be allowed with any key
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User matching a principal in the specified keytab.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-gssapi-credential</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The security credential with which the server should
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authenticate keys requested by the GSS-TSIG protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Currently only Kerberos 5 authentication is available
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the credential is a Kerberos principal which the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server can acquire through the default system key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file, normally <code class="filename">/etc/krb5.keytab</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The location keytab file can be overridden using the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein tkey-gssapi-keytab option. Normally this principal is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the form "<strong class="userinput"><code>DNS/</code></strong><code class="varname">server.domain</code>".
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews To use GSS-TSIG, <span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span> must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be set if a specific keytab is not set with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein tkey-gssapi-keytab.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The domain appended to the names of all shared keys
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater generated with <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. When a
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater client requests a <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span> exchange,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater it may or may not specify the desired name for the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater key. If present, the name of the shared key will
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater be <code class="varname">client specified part</code> +
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>. Otherwise, the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater name of the shared key will be <code class="varname">random hex
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater digits</code> + <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater In most cases, the <span><strong class="command">domainname</strong></span>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater should be the server's domain name, or an otherwise
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater non-existent subdomain like
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater "_tkey.<code class="varname">domainname</code>". If you are
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater using GSS-TSIG, this variable must be defined, unless
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater you specify a specific keytab using tkey-gssapi-keytab.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-dhkey</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The Diffie-Hellman key used by the server
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater to generate shared keys with clients using the Diffie-Hellman
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater of <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. The server must be
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater able to load the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater public and private keys from files in the working directory.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater most cases, the keyname should be the server's host name.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cache-file</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater This is for testing only. Do not use.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dump-file</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The pathname of the file the server dumps
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the database to when instructed to do so with
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc dumpdb</strong></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named_dump.db</code>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The pathname of the file the server writes memory
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater usage statistics to on exit. If not specified,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the default is <code class="filename">named.memstats</code>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pid-file</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater in. If not specified, the default is
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The PID file is used by programs that want to send signals to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater name server. Specifying <span><strong class="command">pid-file none</strong></span> disables the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater use of a PID file — no file will be written and any
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater existing one will be removed. Note that <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater is a keyword, not a filename, and therefore is not enclosed
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater double quotes.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursing-file</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The pathname of the file the server dumps
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the queries that are currently recursing when instructed
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater to do so with <span><strong class="command">rndc recursing</strong></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.recursing</code>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The pathname of the file the server appends statistics
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater to when instructed to do so using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.stats</code> in the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater server's current directory. The format of the file is
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">bindkeys-file</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The pathname of a file to override the built-in trusted
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater keys provided by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater See the discussion of <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater and <span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span> for details.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">secroots-file</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The pathname of the file the server dumps
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein security roots to when instructed to do so with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rndc secroots</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file into which to write a TSIG
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein session key generated by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> for use by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span>. If not specified, the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews default is <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>, and in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein particular the discussion of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong> option for more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information about this feature.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyname</strong></span></span></dt>
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater The key name to use for the TSIG session key.
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is "local-ddns".
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyalg</strong></span></span></dt>
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater The algorithm to use for the TSIG session key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are hmac-sha1, hmac-sha224, hmac-sha256,
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater hmac-sha384, hmac-sha512 and hmac-md5. If not
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User specified, the default is hmac-sha256.
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">port</strong></span></span></dt>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User receiving and sending DNS protocol traffic.
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User The default is 53. This option is mainly intended for server
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User a server using a port other than 53 will not be able to
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User communicate with
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User the global DNS.
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span></span></dt>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User The source of entropy to be used by the server. Entropy is
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User primarily needed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for DNSSEC operations, such as TKEY transactions and dynamic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein update of signed
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews zones. This options specifies the device (or file) from which
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews entropy. If this is a file, operations requiring entropy will
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews fail when the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews file has been exhausted. If not specified, the default value
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater (or equivalent) when present, and none otherwise. The
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span> option takes
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater the initial configuration load at server startup time and
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater is ignored on subsequent reloads.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">preferred-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews If specified, the listed type (A or AAAA) will be emitted
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews before other glue
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews in the additional section of a query response.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The default is not to prefer any type (NONE).
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater<a name="root_delegation_only"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></span>
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater Turn on enforcement of delegation-only in TLDs
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater (top level domains) and root zones with an optional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DS queries are expected to be made to and be answered by
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews delegation only zones. Such queries and responses are
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews treated as an exception to delegation-only processing
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews and are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses provided
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews a CNAME is not discovered at the query name.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews If a delegation only zone server also serves a child
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews zone it is not always possible to determine whether
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews an answer comes from the delegation only zone or the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews child zone. SOA NS and DNSKEY records are apex
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews only records and a matching response that contains
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews these records or DS is treated as coming from a
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews child zone. RRSIG records are also examined to see
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater if they are signed by a child zone or not. The
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater authority section is also examined to see if there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is evidence that the answer is from the child zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Answers that are determined to be from a child zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses. Despite
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all these checks there is still a possibility of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein false negatives when a child zone is being served.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Similarly false positives can arise from empty nodes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (no records at the name) in the delegation only zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the query type is not ANY.
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews Note some TLDs are not delegation only (e.g. "DE", "LV",
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews "US" and "MUSEUM"). This list is not exhaustive.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein root-delegation-only exclude { "de"; "lv"; "us"; "museum"; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disable the specified DNSSEC algorithms at and below the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements are allowed.
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews Only the most specific will be applied.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span></span></dt>
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater When set, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> provides the
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater validator with an alternate method to validate DNSKEY
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater records at the top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below a domain specified by the deepest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>, and the normal DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein validation has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be appended to the key name and a DLV record will be
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews looked up to see if it can validate the key. If the DLV
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record validates a DNSKEY (similarly to the way a DS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record does) the DNSKEY RRset is deemed to be trusted.
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, then built-in default
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews values for the DLV domain and trust anchor will be
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews used, along with a built-in key for validation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then dnssec-lookaside
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default DLV key is stored in the file
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will load that key at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein startup if <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <code class="constant">auto</code>. A copy of the file is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater installed along with <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, and is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater current as of the release date. If the DLV key expires, a
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater new copy of <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> can be downloaded
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater from <a href="" target="_top">https://www.isc.org/solutions/dlv</a>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater (To prevent problems if <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater not found, the current key is also compiled in to
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. Relying on this is not
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater recommended, however, as it requires <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater to be recompiled with a new key when the DLV key expires.)
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater NOTE: <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> only loads certain specific
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater keys from <code class="filename">bind.keys</code>: those for the
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater DLV zone and for the DNS root zone. The file cannot be
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater used to store keys for other zones.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-must-be-secure</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Specify hierarchies which must be or may not be secure
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater (signed and validated). If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will only accept answers if
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater they are secure. If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then normal
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation applies allowing for insecure answers to
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater be accepted. The specified domain must be under a
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> or
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, or
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> must be active.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dns64</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater This directive instructs <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater return mapped IPv4 addresses to AAAA queries when
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater there are no AAAA records. It is intended to be
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater used in conjunction with a NAT64. Each
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dns64</strong></span> defines one DNS64 prefix.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Multiple DNS64 prefixes can be defined.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Compatible IPv6 prefixes have lengths of 32, 40, 48, 56,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 64 and 96 as per RFC 6052.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Additionally a reverse IP6.ARPA zone will be created for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the prefix to provide a mapping from the IP6.ARPA names
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the corresponding IN-ADDR.ARPA names using synthesized
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein CNAMEs. <span><strong class="command">dns64-server</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dns64-contact</strong></span> can be used to specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name of the server and contact for the zones. These
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are settable at the view / options level. These are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not settable on a per-prefix basis.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each <span><strong class="command">dns64</strong></span> supports an optional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">clients</strong></span> ACL that determines which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients are affected by this directive. If not defined,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it defaults to <strong class="userinput"><code>any;</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each <span><strong class="command">dns64</strong></span> supports an optional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">mapped</strong></span> ACL that selects which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 addresses are to be mapped in the corresponding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A RRset. If not defined it defaults to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>any;</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Normally, DNS64 won't apply to a domain name that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein owns one or more AAAA records; these records will
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews simply be returned. The optional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">exclude</strong></span> ACL allows specification
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of a list of IPv6 addresses that will be ignored
285254345ce5ab270848f8c11f7be146793f1e00Mark Andrews if they appear in a domain name's AAAA records, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS64 will be applied to any A records the domain
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater name owns. If not defined, <span><strong class="command">exclude</strong></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater defaults to none.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A optional <span><strong class="command">suffix</strong></span> can also
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater be defined to set the bits trailing the mapped
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater IPv4 address bits. By default these bits are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to <strong class="userinput"><code>::</code></strong>. The bits
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching the prefix and mapped IPv4 address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be zero.
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">recursive-only</strong></span> is set to
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> the DNS64 synthesis will
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater only happen for recursive queries. The default
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">break-dnssec</strong></span> is set to
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> the DNS64 synthesis will
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater happen even if the result, if validated, would
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater cause a DNSSEC validation failure. If this option
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater is set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> (the default), the DO
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater is set on the incoming query, and there are RRSIGs on
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater the applicable records, then synthesis will not happen.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater acl rfc1918 { 10/8; 192.168/16; 172.16/12; };
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater dns64 64:FF9B::/96 {
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater clients { any; };
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater mapped { !rfc1918; any; };
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater exclude { 64:FF9B::/96; ::ffff:0000:0000/96; };
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-update-mode</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If this option is set to its default value of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">maintain</code> in a zone of type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">master</code> which is DNSSEC-signed
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and configured to allow dynamic updates (see
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>), and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> has access to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein private signing key(s) for the zone, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will automatically sign all new
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User or changed records and maintain signatures for the zone
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User by regenerating RRSIG records whenever they approach
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein their expiration date.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the option is changed to <code class="literal">no-resign</code>,
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will sign all new or
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User changed records, but scheduled maintenance of
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User signatures is disabled.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User With either of these settings, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User will reject updates to a DNSSEC-signed zone when the
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User signing keys are inactive or unavailable to
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. (A planned third option,
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User <code class="literal">external</code>, will disable all automatic
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User signing and allow DNSSEC data to be submitted into a zone
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User via dyanmic update; this is not yet implemented.)
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<a name="boolean_options"></a>Boolean Options</h4></div></div></div>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-new-zones</strong></span></span></dt>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then zones can be
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User added at runtime via <span><strong class="command">rndc addzone</strong></span>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User or deleted via <span><strong class="command">rndc delzone</strong></span>.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the <span><strong class="command">AA</strong></span> bit
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater is always set on NXDOMAIN responses, even if the server is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater authoritative. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>;
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater a change from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8. If you
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater are using very old DNS software, you
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater may need to set it to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">deallocate-on-exit</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater 8 to enable checking
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater for memory leaks on exit. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option and always performs
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics</strong></span></span></dt>
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater Write memory statistics to the file specified by
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span> at exit.
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> unless
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater '-m record' is specified on the command line in
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater which case it is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater server treats all zones as if they are doing zone transfers
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater a dial-on-demand dialup link, which can be brought up by
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater originating from this server. This has different effects
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater to zone type and concentrates the zone maintenance so that
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater happens in a short interval, once every <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> and
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater hopefully during the one call. It also suppresses some of
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater zone maintenance traffic. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> option
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater may also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> and
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements,
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater in which case it overrides the global <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If the zone is a master zone, then the server will send out a
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater request to all the slaves (default). This should trigger the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater number check in the slave (providing it supports NOTIFY)
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater allowing the slave
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater to verify the zone while the connection is active.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The set of servers to which NOTIFY is sent can be controlled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater zone is a slave or stub zone, then the server will suppress
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater "zone up to date" (refresh) queries and only perform them
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> expires in
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater addition to sending
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater NOTIFY requests.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Finer control can be achieved by using
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong> which only sends NOTIFY
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong> which sends NOTIFY
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater suppresses the normal refresh queries, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater which suppresses normal refresh processing and sends refresh
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater when the <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong> which just disables normal
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater normal refresh
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater heart-beat refresh
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater heart-beat notify
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> (default)</p>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span></p>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">refresh</strong></span></p>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">passive</strong></span></p>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">notify-passive</strong></span></p>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Note that normal NOTIFY processing is not affected by
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fake-iquery</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User enabled simulating the obsolete DNS query type
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User IQUERY. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 never does
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User IQUERY simulation.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater This option is obsolete.
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater In BIND 8, <strong class="userinput"><code>fetch-glue yes</code></strong>
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater caused the server to attempt to fetch glue resource records
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater didn't have when constructing the additional
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater data section of a response. This is now considered a bad
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and BIND 9 never does it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the nameserver exits due receiving SIGTERM,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein flush or do not flush any pending zone writes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was incorrectly implemented
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, and is ignored by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To achieve the intended effect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the two separate options <span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews and <span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> instead.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews In BIND 8, this enables keeping of
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews statistics for every host that the name server interacts
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews Not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">maintain-ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determine whether a transaction log was
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews kept for Incremental Zone Transfer. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains a transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log whenever possible. If you need to disable outgoing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers, use <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">minimal-responses</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein responses the server will only add records to the authority
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and additional data sections when they are required (e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delegations, negative responses). This may improve the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein performance of the server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multiple-cnames</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a domain name to have multiple CNAME records in violation of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the DNS standards. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.2 onwards
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews always strictly enforces the CNAME rules both in master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein files and dynamic updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> (the default),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS NOTIFY messages are sent when a zone the server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changes, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#notify" title="Notify">the section called “Notify”</a>. The messages are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers listed in the zone's NS records (except the master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server identified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the SOA MNAME field), and to any servers listed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>master-only</code></strong>, notifies are only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for master zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>explicit</code></strong>, notifies are sent only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers explicitly listed using <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, no notifies are sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> option may also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in which case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options notify</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It would only be necessary to turn off this option if it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caused slaves
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> do not check the nameservers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the NS RRset against the SOA MNAME. Normally a NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein message is not sent to the SOA MNAME (SOA ORIGIN) as it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supposed to contain the name of the ultimate master.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sometimes, however, a slave is listed as the SOA MNAME in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hidden master configurations and in that case you would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein want the ultimate master to still send NOTIFY messages to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all the nameservers listed in the NS RRset.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS query requests recursion, then the server will attempt
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all the work required to answer the query. If recursion is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the server does not already know the answer, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referral response. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that setting <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> does not prevent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients from getting data from the server's cache; it only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prevents new data from being cached as an effect of client
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Caching may still occur as an effect the server's internal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation, such as NOTIFY address lookups.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See also <span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span> above.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting this to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause the server to send NS records along with the SOA
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record for negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not yet implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-id-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 always allocates query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IDs from a pool.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will collect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statistical data on all zones (unless specifically turned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on a per-zone basis by specifying <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These statistics may be accessed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>, which will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein dump them to the file listed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span>. See
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you need to disable IXFR to a particular server or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the information on the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#incremental_zone_transfers" title="Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)">the section called “Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">treat-cr-as-space</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server treat carriage return ("<span><strong class="command">\r</strong></span>") characters the same way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as a space or tab character,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to facilitate loading of zone files on a UNIX system that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein were generated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on an NT or DOS machine. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, both UNIX "<span><strong class="command">\n</strong></span>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and NT/DOS "<span><strong class="command">\r\n</strong></span>" newlines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are always accepted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the option is ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-auth</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options control the behavior of an authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering queries which have additional data, or when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein following CNAME
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and DNAME chains.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When both of these options are set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (the default) and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query is being answered from authoritative data (a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configured into the server), the additional data section of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reply will be filled in using data from other authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and from the cache. In some situations this is undesirable,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as when there is concern over the correctness of the cache,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in servers where slave zones may be added and modified by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein untrusted third parties. Also, avoiding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the search for this additional data will speed up server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at the possible expense of additional queries to resolve
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise be provided in the additional section.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, if a query asks for an MX record for host <code class="literal">foo.example.com</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the record found is "<code class="literal">MX 10 mail.example.net</code>", normally the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records (A and AAAA) for <code class="literal">mail.example.net</code> will be provided as well,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if known, even though they are not in the example.com zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting these options to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables this behavior and makes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server only search for additional data in the zone it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers from.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options are intended for use in authoritative-only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers, or in authoritative-only views. Attempts to set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein them to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> without also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> will cause the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ignore the options and log a warning message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span> actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables the use of the cache not only for additional data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but also when looking up the answer. This is usually the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behavior in an authoritative-only server where the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein correctness of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the cached data is an issue.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a name server is non-recursively queried for a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below the apex of any served zone, it normally answers with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "upwards referral" to the root servers or the servers of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein known parent of the query name. Since the data in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein upwards referral
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comes from the cache, the server will not be able to provide
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referrals when <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews has been specified. Instead, it will respond to such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with REFUSED. This should not cause any problems since
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein upwards referrals are not required for the resolution
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">match-mapped-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4-mapped IPv6 address will match any address match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list entries that match the corresponding IPv4 address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was introduced to work around a kernel quirk
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in some operating systems that causes IPv4 TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connections, such as zone transfers, to be accepted on an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 socket using mapped addresses. This caused address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match lists designed for IPv4 to fail to match. However,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> now solves this problem
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internally. The use of this option is discouraged.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is only available when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 is compiled with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>--enable-filter-aaaa</code></strong> option on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "configure" command line. It is intended to help the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transition from IPv4 to IPv6 by not giving IPv6 addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to DNS clients unless they have connections to the IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Internet. This is not recommended unless absolutely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein necessary. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span> option
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews may also be specified in <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to override the global <span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews the DNS client is at an IPv4 address, in <span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and if the response does not include DNSSEC signatures,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews then all AAAA records are deleted from the response.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This filtering applies to all responses and not only
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews authoritative responses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>break-dnssec</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then AAAA records are deleted even when dnssec is enabled.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As suggested by the name, this makes the response not verify,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein because the DNSSEC protocol is designed detect deletions.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This mechanism can erroneously cause other servers to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not give AAAA records to their clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A recursing server with both IPv6 and IPv4 network connections
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that queries an authoritative server using this mechanism
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein via IPv4 will be denied AAAA records even if its client is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This mechanism is applied to authoritative as well as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-authoritative records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A client using IPv4 that is not allowed recursion can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein erroneously be given AAAA records because the server is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed to check for A records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Some AAAA records are given to IPv4 clients in glue records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 clients that are servers can then erroneously
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answer requests for AAAA records received via IPv4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and the server loads a new
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein version of a master zone from its zone file or receives a
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews new version of a slave file via zone transfer, it will
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews compare the new version to the previous one and calculate
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews a set of differences. The differences are then logged in
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews the zone's journal file such that the changes can be
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews transmitted to downstream slaves as an incremental zone
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews By allowing incremental zone transfers to be used for
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews non-dynamic zones, this option saves bandwidth at the
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews expense of increased CPU and memory consumption at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In particular, if the new version of a zone is completely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein different from the previous one, the set of differences
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be of a size comparable to the combined size of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein old and new zone version, and the server will need to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein temporarily allocate memory to hold this complete
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein difference set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also accepts <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> at the view and options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein levels which causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> to be enabled for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is off by default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User addresses refer to different machines. If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User when the serial number on the master is less than what <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User has. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User Enable DNSSEC support in <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. Unless set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> behaves as if it does not support DNSSEC.
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enable DNSSEC validation in <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note <span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> to be effective.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, DNSSEC validation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is disabled. If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC validation is enabled, and a default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein trust-anchor for the DNS root zone is used. If set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, DNSSEC validation is enabled,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but a trust anchor must be manually configured using
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Accept expired signatures when verifying DNSSEC signatures.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Setting this option to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein leaves <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> vulnerable to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replay attacks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify whether query logging should be started when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> is not specified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then the query logging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is determined by the presence of the logging category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to restrict the character set and syntax
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the network. The default varies according to usage
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For answers received from the network (<span><strong class="command">response</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default is <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rules for legal hostnames and mail domains are derived
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews from RFC 952 and RFC 821 as modified by RFC 1123.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein applies to the owner names of A, AAAA and MX records.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews It also applies to the domain names in the RDATA of NS, SOA,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX, and SRV records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It also applies to the RDATA of PTR records where the owner
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name indicated that it is a reverse lookup of a hostname
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (the owner name ends in IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA, or IP6.INT).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-dup-records</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Check master zones for records that are treated as different
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by DNSSEC but are semantically equal in plain DNS. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>. Other possible
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Check whether the MX record appears to refer to a IP address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>. Other possible
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to check for non-terminal wildcards.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The use of non-terminal wildcards is almost always as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein result of a failure
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein affects master zones. The default (<span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>) is to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for non-terminal wildcards and issue a warning.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Perform post load zone integrity checks on master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones. This checks that MX and SRV records refer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to address (A or AAAA) records and that glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address records exist for delegated zones. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX and SRV records only in-zone hostnames are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked (for out-of-zone hostnames use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For NS records only names below top of zone are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked (for out-of-zone names and glue consistency
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checks use <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail, warn or ignore MX records that refer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-srv-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail, warn or ignore SRV records that refer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When performing integrity checks, also check that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sibling glue exists. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When returning authoritative negative responses to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SOA queries set the TTL of the SOA record returned in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the authority section to zero.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When caching a negative response to a SOA query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the TTL to zero.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When set to the default value of <code class="literal">yes</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein check the KSK bit in each key to determine how the key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be used when generating RRSIGs for a secure zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Ordinarily, zone-signing keys (that is, keys without the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein KSK bit set) are used to sign the entire zone, while
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key-signing keys (keys with the KSK bit set) are only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, if this option is set to <code class="literal">no</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then the KSK bit is ignored; KSKs are treated as if they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein were ZSKs and are used to sign the entire zone. This is
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater similar to the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone -z</strong></span>
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater command line option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When this option is set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, there
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater must be at least two active keys for every algorithm
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater represented in the DNSKEY RRset: at least one KSK and one
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater ZSK per algorithm. If there is any algorithm for which
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater this requirement is not met, this option will be ignored
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater for that algorithm.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span></span></dt>
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater When this option and <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater are both set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, only key-signing
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater keys (that is, keys with the KSK bit set) will be used
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex. Zone-signing
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater keys (keys without the KSK bit set) will be used to sign
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater the remainder of the zone, but not the DNSKEY RRset.
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater This is similar to the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone -x</strong></span> command line option.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>. If
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span> is set to
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater <code class="literal">no</code>, this option is ignored.
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater When a zone is configured with <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater maintain;</strong></span> its key repository must be checked
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater periodically to see if any new keys have been added
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater or any existing keys' timing metadata has been updated
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater (see <a href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></span>(8)</a> and
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <a href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></span>(8)</a>). The
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span> option
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater sets the frequency of autoatic repository checks, in
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater minutes. The default is <code class="literal">60</code> (1 hour),
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater the minimum is <code class="literal">1</code> (1 minute), and the
2cc7515f8a0c2f5f86ec85a853c7cb855b3d9536Tinderbox User maximum is <code class="literal">1440</code> (24 hours); any higher
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater value is silently reduced.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Try to refresh the zone using TCP if UDP queries fail.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater For BIND 8 compatibility, the default is
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Allow a dynamic zone to transition from secure to
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater insecure (i.e., signed to unsigned) by deleting all
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater of the DNSKEY records. The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater If set to <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, and if the DNSKEY RRset
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater at the zone apex is deleted, all RRSIG and NSEC records
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater will be removed from the zone as well.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater If the zone uses NSEC3, then it is also necessary to
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater delete the NSEC3PARAM RRset from the zone apex; this will
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater cause the removal of all corresponding NSEC3 records.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater (It is expected that this requirement will be eliminated
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater in a future release.)
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User Note that if a zone has been configured with
2cc7515f8a0c2f5f86ec85a853c7cb855b3d9536Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec maintain</strong></span> and the
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User private keys remain accessible in the key repository,
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User then the zone will be automatically signed again the
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User next time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is started.
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater<a name="id2584052"></a>Forwarding</h4></div></div></div>
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater name servers. It can also be used to allow queries by servers that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein do not have direct access to the Internet, but wish to look up
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein names anyway. Forwarding occurs only on those queries for which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server is not authoritative and does not have the answer in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is only meaningful if the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarders list is not empty. A value of <code class="varname">first</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default, causes the server to query the forwarders
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein first — and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if that doesn't answer the question, the server will then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the answer itself. If <code class="varname">only</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, the
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater server will only query the forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the IP addresses to be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for forwarding. The default is the empty list (no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarding).
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Forwarding can also be configured on a per-domain basis, allowing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the global forwarding options to be overridden in a variety
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater of ways. You can set particular domains to use different
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or have a different <span><strong class="command">forward only/first</strong></span> behavior,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or not forward at all, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statement Grammar”</a>.
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews<a name="id2584179"></a>Dual-stack Servers</h4></div></div></div>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews problems in reachability due the lack of support for either IPv4
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater on the host machine.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span></span></dt>
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater Specifies host names or addresses of machines with access to
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater both IPv4 and IPv6 transports. If a hostname is used, the
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater server must be able
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to resolve the name using only the transport it has. If the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews machine is dual
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews stacked, then the <span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span> have no effect unless
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews access to a transport has been disabled on the command line
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews (e.g. <span><strong class="command">named -4</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="access_control"></a>Access Control</h4></div></div></div>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Access to the server can be restricted based on the IP address
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews of the requesting system. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a> for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein details on how to specify IP address lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein notify this server, a slave, of zone changes in addition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the zone masters.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> may also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement, in which case
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. It is only meaningful
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a slave zone. If not specified, the default is to
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews process notify messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only from a zone's master.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to ask ordinary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS questions. <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> may
f02216f5b390ff0a589fa080f29350fd7794bf5cMark Andrews also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater statement, in which case it overrides the
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">options allow-query</strong></span> statement.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If not specified, the default is to allow queries
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews from all hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is now
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater used to specify access to the cache.
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews Specifies which local addresses can accept ordinary
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews DNS questions. This makes it possible, for instance,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to allow queries on internal-facing interfaces but
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews disallow them on external-facing ones, without
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews necessarily knowing the internal network's addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which case it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-query-on</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on all addresses.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews used to specify access to the cache.
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to get answers
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews from the cache. If <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater is not set then <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater is used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User is used if set unless <span><strong class="command">recursion no;</strong></span> is
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User set in which case <span><strong class="command">none;</strong></span> is used,
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User otherwise the default (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
299e3f18eb4f9297e6f06ca373806b07bec13a02Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
299e3f18eb4f9297e6f06ca373806b07bec13a02Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span></span></dt>
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User Specifies which local addresses can give answers
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User from the cache. If not specified, the default is
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews to allow cache queries on any address,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span> and
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to make recursive
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews queries through this server. If
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span> is not set
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews then <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews is used if set, otherwise the default
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span></span></dt>
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User Specifies which local addresses can accept recursive
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User queries. If not specified, the default is to allow
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User recursive queries on all addresses.
299e3f18eb4f9297e6f06ca373806b07bec13a02Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
299e3f18eb4f9297e6f06ca373806b07bec13a02Tinderbox User Specifies which hosts are allowed to
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User submit Dynamic DNS updates for master zones. The default is
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews updates from all hosts. Note that allowing updates based
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews on the requestor's IP address is insecure; see
01b18d4c7c14ccb93708ab7ffdece3ac67b15a7cAutomatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a> for details.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews submit Dynamic DNS updates to slave zones to be forwarded to
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews master. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong>,
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews means that no update forwarding will be performed. To
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater update forwarding, specify
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>allow-update-forwarding { any; };</code></strong>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Specifying values other than <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong> or
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>{ any; }</code></strong> is usually
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater counterproductive, since
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the responsibility for update access control should rest
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater master server, not the slaves.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Note that enabling the update forwarding feature on a slave
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater may expose master servers relying on insecure IP address
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater access control to attacks; see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater for more details.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-v6-synthesis</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater This option was introduced for the smooth transition from
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater to A6 and from "nibble labels" to binary labels.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater However, since both A6 and binary labels were then
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater this option was also deprecated.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater It is now ignored with some warning messages.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater receive zone transfers from the server. <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> may
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater statement, in which
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options allow-transfer</strong></span> statement.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is to allow transfers to all
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Specifies a list of addresses that the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater server will not accept queries from or use to resolve a
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater query. Queries
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater from these addresses will not be responded to. The default
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa</strong></span></span></dt>
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater Specifies a list of addresses to which
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater is applies. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>any</code></strong>.
77b7c54f1aa220a2f806b5883161c3027f62b1dbTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">resolver-query-timeout</strong></span></span></dt>
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater The amount of time the resolver will spend attempting
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater to resolve a recursive query before failing. The
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater default is <code class="literal">10</code> and the maximum is
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater <code class="literal">30</code>. Setting it to <code class="literal">0</code>
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews will result in the default being used.
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater<a name="id2584798"></a>Interfaces</h4></div></div></div>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater from may be specified using the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option. <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> takes
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater an optional port and an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code>.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater The server will listen on all interfaces allowed by the address
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater match list. If a port is not specified, port 53 will be used.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statements are
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">listen-on { 5.6.7.8; };
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater will enable the name server on port 53 for the IP address
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater 5.6.7.8, and on port 1234 of an address on the machine in net
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater 1.2 that is not 1.2.3.4.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> is specified, the
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater server will listen on port 53 on all IPv4 interfaces.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the interfaces and the ports on which the server will
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User for incoming queries sent using IPv6.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server does not bind a separate socket to each IPv6 interface
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address as it does for IPv4 if the operating system has enough API
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein support for IPv6 (specifically if it conforms to RFC 3493 and RFC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it listens on the IPv6 wildcard address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the system only has incomplete API support for IPv6, however,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the behavior is the same as that for IPv4.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews A list of particular IPv6 addresses can also be specified, in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server listens on a separate socket for each specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regardless of whether the desired API is supported by the system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> options can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinlisten-on-v6 port 1234 { !2001:db8::/32; any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will enable the name server on port 53 for any IPv6 addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (with a single wildcard socket),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and on port 1234 of IPv6 addresses that is not in the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 2001:db8::/32 (with separate sockets for each matched address.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To make the server not listen on any IPv6 address, use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { none; };
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, the server will not listen on any IPv6 address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unless <span><strong class="command">-6</strong></span> is specified when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein invoked. If <span><strong class="command">-6</strong></span> is specified then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will listen on port 53 on all IPv6 interfaces by default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="query_address"></a>Query Address</h4></div></div></div>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews If the server doesn't know the answer to a question, it will
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews query other name servers. <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the address and port used for such queries. For queries sent over
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6, there is a separate <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">address</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> (asterisk) or is omitted,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews a wildcard IP address (<span><strong class="command">INADDR_ANY</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> or is omitted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a random port number from a pre-configured
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein range is picked up and will be used for each query.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The port range(s) is that specified in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv4)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv6)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options, excluding the ranges specified in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options, respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The defaults of the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">query-source address * port *;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinquery-source-v6 address * port *;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> is unspecified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will check if the operating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system provides a programming interface to retrieve the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system's default range for ephemeral ports.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If such an interface is available,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will use the corresponding system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default range; otherwise, it will use its own defaults:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">use-v4-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrewsuse-v6-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews Note: make sure the ranges be sufficiently large for
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews security. A desirable size depends on various parameters,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews but we generally recommend it contain at least 16384 ports
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews (14 bits of entropy).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note also that the system's default range when used may be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein too small for this purpose, and that the range may even be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changed while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running; the new
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein range will automatically be applied when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews is reloaded.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews It is encouraged to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configure <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> explicitly so that the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ranges are sufficiently large and are reasonably
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews independent from the ranges used by other applications.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Note: the operational configuration
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews where <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs may prohibit the use
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews of some ports. For example, UNIX systems will not allow
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> running without a root privilege
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews to use ports less than 1024.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews If such ports are included in the specified (or detected)
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User set of query ports, the corresponding query attempts will
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User fail, resulting in resolution failures or delay.
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User It is therefore important to configure the set of ports
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User that can be safely used in the expected operational environment.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews The defaults of the <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">avoid-v4-udp-ports {};
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrewsavoid-v6-udp-ports {};
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Note: BIND 9.5.0 introduced
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews the <span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews option to support a pool of such random ports, but this
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews option is now obsolete because reusing the same ports in
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews the pool may not be sufficiently secure.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews For the same reason, it is generally strongly discouraged to
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews specify a particular port for the
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> or
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> options;
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews it implicitly disables the use of randomized port numbers.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews This option is obsolete.
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-ports</strong></span></span></dt>
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater This option is obsolete.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews This option is obsolete.
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews The address specified in the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used for both UDP and TCP queries, but the port applies only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to UDP queries. TCP queries always use a random
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews unprivileged port.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the source
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews address for TCP sockets.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews See also <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_transfers"></a>Zone Transfers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> has mechanisms in place to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein facilitate zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and set limits on the amount of load that transfers place on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system. The following options apply to zone transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Defines a global list of IP addresses of name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are also sent NOTIFY messages whenever a fresh copy of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is loaded, in addition to the servers listed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone's NS records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This helps to ensure that copies of the zones will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein quickly converge on stealth servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Optionally, a port may be specified with each
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> address to send
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the notify messages to a port other than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default of 53.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An optional TSIG key can also be specified with each
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to cause the notify messages to be signed; this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be useful when sending notifies to multiple views.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In place of explicit addresses, one or more named
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> lists can be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If an <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is given in a <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will override
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">options also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. When a <span><strong class="command">zone notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>, the IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses in the global <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be sent NOTIFY messages for that zone. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list (no global notification list).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (1 hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater Outbound zone transfers making no progress
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Slave servers will periodically query master
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User servers to find out if zone serial numbers have
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User changed. Each such query uses a minute amount of
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User the slave server's network bandwidth. To limit
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User the amount of bandwidth used, BIND 9 limits the
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User rate at which queries are sent. The value of the
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option, an
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User integer, is the maximum number of queries sent
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User per second. The default is 20.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User In addition to controlling the rate SOA refresh
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User queries are issued at
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> also controls
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User the rate at which NOTIFY messages are sent from
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User both master and slave zones.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User In BIND 8, the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User set the maximum number of concurrent serial number queries
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User allowed to be outstanding at any given time.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User BIND 9 does not limit the number of outstanding
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User serial queries and ignores the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span> option.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Instead, it limits the rate at which the queries are sent
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User as defined using the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Zone transfers can be sent using two different formats,
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> and
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option is used
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User on the master server to determine which format it sends.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> uses one DNS message per
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User resource record transferred.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs as many resource
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User records as possible into a message.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is more efficient, but is
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User only supported by relatively new slave servers,
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User such as <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User 8.x and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.5 onwards.
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> format is also supported by
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater recent Microsoft Windows nameservers.
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> may be overridden on a
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span> may
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User speed up the convergence
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of slave zones, but it also may increase the load on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local system.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of outbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. Zone transfer requests in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the limit will be refused. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce that can be concurrently transferring from a given remote
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default value is <code class="literal">2</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein speed up the convergence of slave zones, but it also may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the load on the remote name server. <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be overridden on a per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> phrase
24e79a68e1b16324e17364fcd8959379ff6e20e9Mark Andrews of the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>
f9aef05653eeb454c489d5bd2bde6daab774ad4aTinderbox User determines which local address will be bound to IPv4
f9aef05653eeb454c489d5bd2bde6daab774ad4aTinderbox User TCP connections used to fetch zones transferred
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inbound by the server. It also determines the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source IPv4 address, and optionally the UDP port,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used for the refresh queries and forwarded dynamic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein updates. If not set, it defaults to a system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controlled value which will usually be the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the interface "closest to" the remote end. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address must appear in the remote end's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> option for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone being transferred, if one is specified. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> for all zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but can be overridden on a per-view or per-zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein basis by including a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> statement within
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The same as <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>,
3eb9ec750c9088869170dda63e8899b2ba462823Mark Andrews except zone transfers are performed using IPv6.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you do not wish the alternate transfer source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used, you should set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appropriately and you should not depend upon
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews getting an answer back to the first refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Use the alternate transfer sources or not. If views are
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater specified this defaults to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater otherwise it defaults to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> (for BIND 8
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater compatibility).
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater determines which local source address, and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater optionally UDP port, will be used to send NOTIFY
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater messages. This address must appear in the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> zone clause or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in an <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> clause. This
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews statement sets the <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all zones, but can be overridden on a per-zone or
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater per-view basis by including a
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> statement within
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater source address for TCP sockets.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Like <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater but applies to notify messages sent to IPv6 addresses.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<a name="id2586016"></a>UDP Port Lists</h4></div></div></div>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater specify a list of IPv4 and IPv6 UDP ports that will be
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater used or not used as source ports for UDP messages.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#query_address" title="Query Address">the section called “Query Address”</a> about how the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater available ports are determined.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater For example, with the following configuration
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updateruse-v6-udp-ports { range 32768 65535; };
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updateravoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater UDP ports of IPv6 messages sent
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will be in one
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of the following ranges: 32768 to 39999, 40001 to 49999,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and 60001 to 65535.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> can be used
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to prevent <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> from choosing as its random source port a
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater port that is blocked by your firewall or a port that is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater used by other applications;
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater if a query went out with a source port blocked by a
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater answer would not get by the firewall and the name server would
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater have to query again.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note: the desired range can also be represented only with
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">avoid-</strong></span> options are redundant in that
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater sense; they are provided for backward compatibility and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to possibly simplify the port specification.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<a name="id2586075"></a>Operating System Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews The server's usage of many system resources can be limited.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Scaled values are allowed when specifying resource limits. For
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews example, <span><strong class="command">1G</strong></span> can be used instead of
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">1073741824</strong></span> to specify a limit of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater gigabyte. <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> requests
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews unlimited use, or the
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews maximum available amount. <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein uses the limit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that was in force when the server was started. See the description
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <span><strong class="command">size_spec</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements" title="Configuration File Elements">the section called “Configuration File Elements”</a>.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews The following options set operating system resource limits for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name server process. Some operating systems don't support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any of the limits. On such systems, a warning will be issued if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unsupported limit is used.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">coresize</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The maximum size of a core dump. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">datasize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of data memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is a hard limit on server memory usage.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the server attempts to allocate memory in excess of this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limit, the allocation will fail, which may in turn leave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server unable to perform DNS service. Therefore,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this option is rarely useful as a way of limiting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein amount of memory used by the server, but it can be used
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews to raise an operating system data size limit that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein too small by default. If you wish to limit the amount
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of memory used by the server, use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options instead.
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">files</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of files the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may have open concurrently. The default is <code class="literal">unlimited</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">stacksize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of stack memory the server
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<a name="server_resource_limits"></a>Server Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater The following options set limits on the server's
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater resource consumption that are enforced internally by the
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater server rather than the operating system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ixfr-log-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete; it is accepted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and ignored for BIND 8 compatibility. The option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> performs a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein similar function in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets a maximum size for each journal file
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#journal" title="The journal file">the section called “The journal file”</a>). When the journal file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the specified size, some of the oldest transactions in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be automatically removed. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This may also be set on a per-zone basis.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics-max</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, specifies the maximum number of host statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entries to be kept.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of simultaneous recursive lookups
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server will perform on behalf of clients. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">1000</code>. Because each recursing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein client uses a fair
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein bit of memory, on the order of 20 kilobytes, the value of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span> option may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have to be decreased
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on hosts with limited memory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of simultaneous client TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connections that the server will accept.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater The default is <code class="literal">100</code>.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">reserved-sockets</strong></span></span></dt>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater The number of file descriptors reserved for TCP, stdio,
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater etc. This needs to be big enough to cover the number of
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater interfaces <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> listens on, <span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span> as well as
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater to provide room for outgoing TCP queries and incoming zone
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater transfers. The default is <code class="literal">512</code>.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater The minimum value is <code class="literal">128</code> and the
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater maximum value is <code class="literal">128</code> less than
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater maxsockets (-S). This option may be removed in the future.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater This option has little effect on Windows.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of memory to use for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's cache, in bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the amount of data in the cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reaches this limit, the server will cause records to expire
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prematurely based on an LRU based strategy so that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the limit is not exceeded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A value of 0 is special, meaning that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records are purged from the cache only when their
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TTLs expire.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Another special keyword <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means the maximum value of 32-bit unsigned integers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (0xffffffff), which may not have the same effect as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 0 on machines that support more than 32 bits of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein memory space.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Any positive values less than 2MB will be ignored reset
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separately to the cache of each view.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default is 0.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-listen-queue</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The listen queue depth. The default and minimum is 3.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If the kernel supports the accept filter "dataready" this
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews also controls how
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews many TCP connections that will be queued in kernel space
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews some data before being passed to accept. Values less than 3
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews silently raised.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2586566"></a>Periodic Task Intervals</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This interval is effectively obsolete. Previously,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server would remove expired resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the cache every <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 now manages cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein memory in a more sophisticated manner and does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rely on the periodic cleaning any more.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying this option therefore has no effect on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server's behavior.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will perform zone maintenance tasks
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all zones marked as <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> whenever this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interval expires. The default is 60 minutes. Reasonable
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are up
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to 1 day (1440 minutes). The maximum value is 28 days
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no zone maintenance for these zones will occur.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will scan the network interface list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is 60 minutes. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews If set to 0, interface scanning will only occur when
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews the configuration file is loaded. After the scan, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begin listening for queries on any newly discovered
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces (provided they are allowed by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> configuration), and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop listening on interfaces that have gone away.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Name server statistics will be logged
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 60. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no statistics will be logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Not yet implemented in
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="topology"></a>Topology</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All other things being equal, when the server chooses a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to query from a list of name servers, it prefers the one that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein topologically closest to itself. The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews takes an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews interprets it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a special way. Each top-level list element is assigned a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Non-negated elements get a distance based on their position in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list, where the closer the match is to the start of the list, the
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews shorter the distance is between it and the server. A negated match
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews will be assigned the maximum distance from the server. If there
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews is no match, the address will get a distance which is further than
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews any non-negated list element, and closer than any negated element.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer servers on network 10 the most, followed by hosts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on network 1.2.0.0 (netmask 255.255.0.0) and network 3, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exception of hosts on network 1.2.3 (netmask 255.255.255.0), which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is preferred least of all.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default topology is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"> topology { localhost; localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_sortlist_statement"></a>The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The response to a DNS query may consist of multiple resource
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews records (RRs) forming a resource records set (RRset).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name server will normally return the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs within the RRset in an indeterminate order
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (but see the <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The client resolver code should rearrange the RRs as appropriate,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews that is, using any addresses on the local net in preference to
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews other addresses.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews However, not all resolvers can do this or are correctly
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews When a client is using a local server, the sorting can be performed
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews in the server, based on the client's address. This only requires
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews configuring the name servers, not all the clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement (see below)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interprets it even
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein more specifically than the <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein does (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#topology" title="Topology">the section called “Topology”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each top level statement in the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein itself be an explicit <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> with
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User one or two elements. The first element (which may be an IP
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater an IP prefix, an ACL name or a nested <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>)
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of each top level list is checked against the source address of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the query until a match is found.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Once the source address of the query has been matched, if
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the top level statement contains only one element, the actual
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater element that matched the source address is used to select the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater in the response to move to the beginning of the response. If the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater statement is a list of two elements, then the second element is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater treated the same as the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> in
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater a <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement. Each top
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater is assigned a distance and the address in the response with the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater distance is moved to the beginning of the response.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater In the following example, any queries received from any of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the addresses of the host itself will get responses preferring
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater on any of the locally connected networks. Next most preferred are
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater on the 192.168.1/24 network, and after that either the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater 192.168.3/24 network with no preference shown between these two
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater networks. Queries received from a host on the 192.168.1/24 network
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater will prefer other addresses on that network to the 192.168.2/24
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater 192.168.3/24 networks. Queries received from a host on the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater or the 192.168.5/24 network will only prefer other addresses on
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater their directly connected networks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF the local host
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // THEN first fit on the following nets
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localnets;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.1 THEN use .1, or .2 or .3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.2 THEN use .2, or .1 or .3
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews // IF on class C 192.168.3 THEN use .3, or .1 or .2
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF .4 or .5 THEN prefer that net
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following example will give reasonable behavior for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local host and hosts on directly connected networks. It is similar
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the behavior of the address sort in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.x. Responses sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to queries from the local host will favor any of the directly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein networks. Responses sent to queries from any other hosts on a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connected network will prefer addresses on that same network.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to other queries will not be sorted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localhost; localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="rrset_ordering"></a>RRset Ordering</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When multiple records are returned in an answer it may be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein useful to configure the order of the records placed into the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement permits
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the ordering of the records in a multiple record response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See also the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span><strong class="command">order_spec</strong></span> is defined as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">class <em class="replaceable"><code>class_name</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">type <em class="replaceable"><code>type_name</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">name <em class="replaceable"><code>"domain_name"</code></em></span>]
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater order <em class="replaceable"><code>ordering</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no class is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no type is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no name is specified, the default is "<span><strong class="command">*</strong></span>" (asterisk).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The legal values for <span><strong class="command">ordering</strong></span> are:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">fixed</strong></span></p>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User Records are returned in the order they
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User are defined in the zone file.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">random</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in some random order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in a cyclic round-robin order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> is configured with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "--enable-fixed-rrset" option at compile time, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the initial ordering of the RRset will match the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one specified in the zone file.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater class IN type A name "host.example.com" order random;
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater will cause any responses for type A records in class IN that
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater have "<code class="literal">host.example.com</code>" as a
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater suffix, to always be returned
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater in random order. All other records are returned in cyclic order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If multiple <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statements
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater they are not combined — the last one applies.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User In this release of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement does not support
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater "fixed" ordering by default. Fixed ordering can be enabled
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User at compile time by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" on
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User the "configure" command line.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="tuning"></a>Tuning</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">lame-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the number of seconds to cache a
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User lame server indication. 0 disables caching. (This is
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User <span class="bold"><strong>NOT</strong></span> recommended.)
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User The default is <code class="literal">600</code> (10 minutes) and the
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User maximum value is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Lame-ttl also controls the amount of time DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein validation failures are cached. There is a minimum
794b79e6bbc3f5db1ea6ae154d739b9f1ef1a375Tinderbox User of 30 seconds applied to bad cache entries if the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lame-ttl is set to less than 30 seconds.
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To reduce network traffic and increase performance,
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater the server stores negative answers. <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater used to set a maximum retention time for these answers in
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater in seconds. The default
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is <code class="literal">10800</code> seconds (3 hours).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> cannot exceed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 7 days and will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be silently truncated to 7 days if set to a greater value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum time for which the server will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache ordinary (positive) answers. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one week (7 days).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A value of zero may cause all queries to return
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SERVFAIL, because of lost caches of intermediate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRsets (such as NS and glue AAAA/A records) in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolution process.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-roots</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The minimum number of root servers that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is required for a request for the root servers to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein accepted. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>2</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the number of days into the future when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC signatures automatically generated as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein result of dynamic updates (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dynamic_update" title="Dynamic Update">the section called “Dynamic Update”</a>) will expire. There
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is an optional second field which specifies how
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein long before expiry that the signatures will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regenerated. If not specified, the signatures will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be regenerated at 1/4 of base interval. The second
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews field is specified in days if the base interval is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein greater than 7 days otherwise it is specified in hours.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default base interval is <code class="literal">30</code> days
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein giving a re-signing interval of 7 1/2 days. The maximum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are 10 years (3660 days).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The signature inception time is unconditionally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to one hour before the current time to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a limited amount of clock skew.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be, at least, several multiples of the SOA
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire interval to allow for reasonable interaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein between the various timer and expiry dates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the maximum number of nodes to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein examined in each quantum when signing a zone with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a new DNSKEY. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Specify a threshold number of signatures that
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce will terminate processing a quantum when signing
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce a zone with a new DNSKEY. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify a private RDATA type to be used when generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key signing records. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is expected that this parameter may be removed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a future version once there is a standard type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These records can be removed from the zone once named
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has completed signing the zone with the matching key
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews using <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rndc signing -clear</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rndc signing -clear</strong></span> is the only supported
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein way to remove these records from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">inline-signing</strong></span> zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options control the server's behavior on refreshing a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (querying for SOA changes) or retrying failed transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usually the SOA values for the zone are used, but these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are set by the master, giving slave server administrators
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews control over their contents.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options allow the administrator to set a minimum and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein refresh and retry time either per-zone, per-view, or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options are valid for slave and stub zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and clamp the SOA refresh and retry times to the specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following defaults apply.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span> 300 seconds,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span> 2419200 seconds
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (4 weeks), <span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span> 500 seconds,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span> 1209600 seconds
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the advertised EDNS UDP buffer size in bytes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to control the size of packets received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this range
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be silently adjusted). The default value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is 4096. The usual reason for setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will fallback to using 512 bytes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if it get a series of timeout at the initial value. 512
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein bytes is not being offered to encourage sites to fix their
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein firewalls. Small EDNS UDP sizes will result in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein excessive use of TCP.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum EDNS UDP message size
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will send in bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein range will be silently adjusted). The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is 4096. The usual reason for setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is independent of the advertised receive
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater buffer (<span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span>).
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Setting this to a low value will encourage additional
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater TCP traffic to the nameserver.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater the file format of zone files (see
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format" title="Additional File Formats">the section called “Additional File Formats”</a>).
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The default value is <code class="constant">text</code>, which is the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce standard textual representation, except for slave zones,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater in which the default value is <code class="constant">raw</code>.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Files in other formats than <code class="constant">text</code> are
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater typically expected to be generated by the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> tool, or dumped by
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that when a zone file in a different format than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="constant">text</code> is loaded, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may omit some of the checks which would be performed for a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file in the <code class="constant">text</code> format. In particular,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span> checks do not apply
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the <code class="constant">raw</code> format. This means
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be generated with the same check level as that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. This statement sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> for all zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but can be overridden on a per-zone or per-view basis
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by including a <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement within the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="clients-per-query"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>These set the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein initial value (minimum) and maximum number of recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein simultaneous clients for any given query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<qname,qtype,qclass>) that the server will accept
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before dropping additional clients. <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein self tune this value and changes will be logged. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default values are 10 and 100.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This value should reflect how many queries come in for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a given name in the time it takes to resolve that name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the number of queries exceed this value, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein assume that it is dealing with a non-responsive zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and will drop additional queries. If it gets a response
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein after dropping queries, it will raise the estimate. The
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews estimate will then be lowered in 20 minutes if it has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein remained unchanged.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then there is no limit on the number of clients per query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and no queries will be dropped.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then there is no upper bound other than imposed by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The delay, in seconds, between sending sets of notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages for a zone. The default is five (5) seconds.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The overall rate that NOTIFY messages are sent for all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones is controlled by <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="builtin"></a>Built-in server information zones</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server provides some helpful diagnostic information
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through a number of built-in zones under the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pseudo-top-level-domain <code class="literal">bind</code> in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> class. These zones are part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built-in view (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar" title="view Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>) of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> which is separate from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default view of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class <span><strong class="command">IN</strong></span>; therefore, any global
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein such as <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> do not apply
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the these zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you feel the need to disable these zones, use the options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below, or hide the built-in <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt defining an explicit view of class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt that matches all clients.
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">version</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The version the server should report
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein via a query of the name <code class="literal">version.bind</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the real version number of this server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span><strong class="command">version none</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">hostname</strong></span></span></dt>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce The hostname the server should report via a query of
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce the name <code class="filename">hostname.bind</code>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This defaults to the hostname of the machine hosting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name server as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein found by the gethostname() function. The primary purpose of such queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">hostname none;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span></span></dt>
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater The ID the server should report when receiving a Name
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater Server Identifier (NSID) query, or a query of the name
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater <code class="filename">ID.SERVER</code> with type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary purpose of such queries is to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id none;</strong></span>
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater disables processing of the queries.
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id hostname;</strong></span> will cause <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater use the hostname as found by the gethostname() function.
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater The default <span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="empty"></a>Built-in Empty Zones</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Named has some built-in empty zones (SOA and NS records only).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These are for zones that should normally be answered locally
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater and which queries should not be sent to the Internet's root
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater servers. The official servers which cover these namespaces
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein return NXDOMAIN responses to these queries. In particular,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein these cover the reverse namespaces for addresses from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 1918, RFC 4193, and RFC 5737. They also include the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews reverse namespace for IPv6 local address (locally assigned),
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews IPv6 link local addresses, the IPv6 loopback address and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 unknown address.
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater Named will attempt to determine if a built-in zone already exists
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater or is active (covered by a forward-only forwarding declaration)
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater and will not create an empty zone in that case.
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater The current list of empty zones is:
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<li>0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Empty zones are settable at the view level and only apply to
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater views of class IN. Disabled empty zones are only inherited
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater from options if there are no disabled empty zones specified
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater at the view level. To override the options list of disabled
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater zones, you can disable the root zone at the view level, for example:
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater disable-empty-zone ".";
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater If you are using the address ranges covered here, you should
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater already have reverse zones covering the addresses you use.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater In practice this appears to not be the case with many queries
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater being made to the infrastructure servers for names in these
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater spaces. So many in fact that sacrificial servers were needed
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater to be deployed to channel the query load away from the
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater infrastructure servers.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The real parent servers for these zones should disable all
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater empty zone under the parent zone they serve. For the real
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater root servers, this is all built-in empty zones. This will
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater enable them to return referrals to deeper in the tree.
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-server</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Specify what server name will appear in the returned
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater the zone's name will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-contact</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Specify what contact name will appear in the returned
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater "." will be used.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-zones-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Enable or disable all empty zones. By default, they
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-empty-zone</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Disable individual empty zones. By default, none are
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater disabled. This option can be specified multiple times.
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<a name="acache"></a>Additional Section Caching</h4></div></div></div>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User The additional section cache, also called <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User is an internal cache to improve the response performance of BIND 9.
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User When additional section caching is enabled, BIND 9 will
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User cache an internal short-cut to the additional section content for
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User each answer RR.
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User Note that <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is an internal caching
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User mechanism of BIND 9, and is not related to the DNS caching
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User server function.
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater Additional section caching does not change the
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater response content (except the RRsets ordering of the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein section, see below), but can improve the response performance
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein significantly.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is particularly effective when BIND 9 acts as an authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server for a zone that has many delegations with many glue RRs.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In order to obtain the maximum performance improvement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from additional section caching, setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> is recommended, since the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein implementation of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein does not short-cut of additional section information from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS cache data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One obvious disadvantage of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that it requires much more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein memory for the internal cached data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Thus, if the response performance does not matter and memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein consumption is much more critical, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> mechanism can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disabled by setting <span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater It is also possible to specify the upper limit of memory
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater for acache by using <span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span>.
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater Additional section caching also has a minor effect on the
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater RRset ordering in the additional section.
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater Without <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span> order is effective for the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein section as well as the answer and authority sections.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater However, additional section caching fixes the ordering when it
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater first caches an RRset for the additional section, and the same
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User ordering will be kept in succeeding responses, regardless of the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User setting of <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The effect of this should be minor, however, since an
87ff79ee66e85519d7f75195a5345e5f5e09c895Automatic Updater RRset in the additional section
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User typically only contains a small number of RRs (and in many cases
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User it only contains a single RR), in which case the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User ordering does not matter much.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The following is a summary of options related to
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, additional section caching is
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User enabled. The default value is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The server will remove stale cache entries, based on an LRU
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User algorithm, every <span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The default is 60 minutes.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User If set to 0, no periodic cleaning will occur.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User The maximum amount of memory in bytes to use for the server's acache.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User When the amount of data in the acache reaches this limit,
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User will clean more aggressively so that the limit is not
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User separately to the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User acache of each view.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The default is <code class="literal">16M</code>.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<a name="id2588632"></a>Content Filtering</h4></div></div></div>
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides the ability to filter
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater out DNS responses from external DNS servers containing
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater certain types of data in the answer section.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Specifically, it can reject address (A or AAAA) records if
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater the corresponding IPv4 or IPv6 addresses match the given
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater It can also reject CNAME or DNAME records if the "alias"
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater name (i.e., the CNAME alias or the substituted query name
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User due to DNAME) matches the
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User given <code class="varname">namelist</code> of the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span> option, where
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User "match" means the alias name is a subdomain of one of
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User the <code class="varname">name_list</code> elements.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User If the optional <code class="varname">namelist</code> is specified
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User with <span><strong class="command">except-from</strong></span>, records whose query name
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User matches the list will be accepted regardless of the filter
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Likewise, if the alias name is a subdomain of the
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater corresponding zone, the <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater filter will not apply;
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater for example, even if "example.com" is specified for
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>,
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">www.example.com. CNAME xxx.example.com.</pre>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater returned by an "example.com" server will be accepted.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater In the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option, only
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater and <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater are meaningful;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews any <code class="varname">key_id</code> will be silently ignored.
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater If a response message is rejected due to the filtering,
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater the entire message is discarded without being cached, and
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater a SERVFAIL error will be returned to the client.
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater This filtering is intended to prevent "DNS rebinding attacks," in
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater which an attacker, in response to a query for a domain name the
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater attacker controls, returns an IP address within your own network or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews an alias name within your own domain.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A naive web browser or script could then serve as an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews unintended proxy, allowing the attacker
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to get access to an internal node of your local network
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that couldn't be externally accessed otherwise.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews See the paper available at
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1315245.1315298
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User for more details about the attacks.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User For example, if you own a domain named "example.net" and
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User your internal network uses an IPv4 prefix 192.0.2.0/24,
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User you might specify the following rules:
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">deny-answer-addresses { 192.0.2.0/24; } except-from { "example.net"; };
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewsdeny-answer-aliases { "example.net"; };
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If an external attacker lets a web browser in your local
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater network look up an IPv4 address of "attacker.example.com",
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater the attacker's DNS server would return a response like this:
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">attacker.example.com. A 192.0.2.1</pre>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews in the answer section.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Since the rdata of this record (the IPv4 address) matches
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews the specified prefix 192.0.2.0/24, this response will be
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews On the other hand, if the browser looks up a legitimate
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews internal web server "www.example.net" and the
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews following response is returned to
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 server
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">www.example.net. A 192.0.2.2</pre>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews it will be accepted since the owner name "www.example.net"
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews matches the <span><strong class="command">except-from</strong></span> element,
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews Note that this is not really an attack on the DNS per se.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews In fact, there is nothing wrong for an "external" name to
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews be mapped to your "internal" IP address or domain name
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews from the DNS point of view.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews It might actually be provided for a legitimate purpose,
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews such as for debugging.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews As long as the mapping is provided by the correct owner,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews it is not possible or does not make sense to detect
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews whether the intent of the mapping is legitimate or not
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews within the DNS.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews The "rebinding" attack must primarily be protected at the
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews application that uses the DNS.
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews For a large site, however, it may be difficult to protect
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater all possible applications at once.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater This filtering feature is provided only to help such an
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews operational environment;
4a5d8786edaff5f9f022c117b4da084bcb4a0b71Automatic Updater it is generally discouraged to turn it on unless you are
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater very sure you have no other choice and the attack is a
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater real threat for your applications.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater Care should be particularly taken if you want to use this
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater option for addresses within 127.0.0.0/8.
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User These addresses are obviously "internal", but many
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User applications conventionally rely on a DNS mapping from
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User some name to such an address.
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User Filtering out DNS records containing this address
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User spuriously can break such applications.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User<a name="id2588823"></a>Response Policy Zone (RPZ) Rewriting</h4></div></div></div>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 includes an intentionally limited
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User mechanism to modify DNS responses for recursive requests
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User somewhat similar to email anti-spam DNS blacklists.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User Responses can be changed to deny the existence of domains(NXDOMAIN),
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User deny the existence of IP addresses for domains (NODATA),
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User or contain other IP addresses or data.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User The actions encoded in a response policy zone (RPZ) are applied
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User only to queries that ask for recursion (RD=1).
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User Response policy zones are named in the
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">response-policy</strong></span> option for the view or among the
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User global options if there is no response-policy option for the view.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User RPZs are ordinary DNS zones containing RRsets
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User that can be queried normally if allowed.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User It is usually best to restrict those queries with something like
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">allow-query { localhost; };</strong></span>.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User There are four kinds of RPZ records, QNAME, IP, NSIP,
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User QNAME records are applied to query names of requests and targets
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User of CNAME records resolved to generate the response.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User The owner name of a QNAME RPZ record is the query name relativized
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User The second kind of RPZ record, an IP policy record,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is triggered by addresses in A and AAAA records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the ANSWER sections of responses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP policy records have owner names that are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein subdomains of <strong class="userinput"><code>rpz-ip</code></strong> relativized to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RPZ origin name and encode an IP address or address block.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 addresses are encoded as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>prefixlength.B4.B3.B2.B1.rpz-ip</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The prefix length must be between 1 and 32.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All four bytes, B4, B3, B2, and B1, must be present.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein B4 is the decimal value of the least significant byte of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 address as in IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 addresses are encoded in a format similar to the standard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 text representation,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>prefixlength.W8.W7.W6.W5.W4.W3.W2.W1.rpz-ip</code></strong>.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Each of W8,...,W1 is a one to four digit hexadecimal number
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User representing 16 bits of the IPv6 address as in the standard text
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User representation of IPv6 addresses, but reversed as in IN-ADDR.ARPA.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User All 8 words must be present except when consecutive
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User zero words are replaced with <strong class="userinput"><code>.zz.</code></strong>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User analogous to double colons (::) in standard IPv6 text encodings.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The prefix length must be between 1 and 128.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User NSDNAME policy records match names of authoritative servers
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User for the query name, a parent of the query name, a CNAME,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User or a parent of a CNAME.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein They are encoded as subdomains of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>rpz-nsdomain</code></strong> relativized
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the RPZ origin name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NSIP policy records match IP addresses in A and AAAA RRsets
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for domains that can be checked against NSDNAME policy records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The are encoded like IP policies except as subdomains of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>rpz-nsip</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The query response is checked against all RPZs, so
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein two or more policy records can apply to a single response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Because DNS responses can be rewritten according by at most a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein single policy record, a single policy (other than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">DISABLED</strong></span> policies) must be chosen.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Policies are chosen in the following order:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>Among applicable zones, use the RPZ that appears first
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the response-policy option.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<li>Prefer QNAME to IP to NSDNAME to NSIP policy records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a single RPZ
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>Among applicable NSDNAME policy records, prefer the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein policy record that matches the lexically smallest name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>Among IP or NSIP policy records, prefer the record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the longest prefix.
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater<li>Among records with the same prefex length,
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater prefer the IP or NSIP policy record that matches
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater the smallest IP address.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews When the processing of a response is restarted to resolve
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNAME or CNAME records and an applicable policy record set has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not been found,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all RPZs are again consulted for the DNAME or CNAME names
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and addresses.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Authority verification issues and variations in authority data
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews can cause inconsistent results for NSIP and NSDNAME policy records.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Glue NS records often differ from authoritative NS records.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews So they are available
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews only when <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> is built with the
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>--enable-rpz-nsip</code></strong> or
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>--enable-rpz-nsdname</code></strong> options
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater on the "configure" command line.
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater RPZ record sets are special CNAME records or one or more
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater of any types of DNS record except DNAME or DNSSEC.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Except when a policy record is a CNAME, there can be more
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews more than one record and more than one type
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater in a set of policy records.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Except for three kinds of CNAME records that are illegal except
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater in policy zones, the records in a set are used in the response as if
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews their owner name were the query name. They are copied to the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews response as dictated by their types.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<li>A CNAME whose target is the root domain (.)
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater specifies the <span><strong class="command">NXDOMAIN</strong></span> policy,
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater which generates an NXDOMAIN response.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<li>A CNAME whose target is the wildcard top-level
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater domain (*.) specifies the <span><strong class="command">NODATA</strong></span> policy,
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater which rewrites the response to NODATA or ANCOUNT=1.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<li>A CNAME whose target is a wildcard hostname such
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater as *.example.com is used normally after the astrisk (*)
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater has been replaced with the query name.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater These records are usually resolved with ordinary CNAMEs
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater outside the policy zones. They can be useful for logging.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<li>The <span><strong class="command">PASSTHRU</strong></span> policy is specified
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater by a CNAME whose target is the variable part of its own
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater owner name. It causes the response to not be rewritten
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater and is most often used to "poke holes" in policies for
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User The policies specified in individual records
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User in an RPZ can be overridden with a <span><strong class="command">policy</strong></span> clause
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User in the <span><strong class="command">response-policy</strong></span> option.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User An organization using an RPZ provided by another organization might
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User use this mechanism to redirect domains to its own walled garden.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<span><strong class="command">GIVEN</strong></span> says "do not override."
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<span><strong class="command">DISABLED</strong></span> causes policy records to do
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User nothing but log what they might have done.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User The response to the DNS query will be written according to
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User any matching policy records that are not disabled.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Policy zones overridden with <span><strong class="command">DISABLED</strong></span> should
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User appear first, because they will often not be logged
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User if a higher precedence policy is found first.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<span><strong class="command">PASSTHRU</strong></span> causes all policy records
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User to act as if they were CNAME records with targets the variable
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User part of their owner name. They protect the response from
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User being changed.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<span><strong class="command">NXDOMAIN</strong></span> causes all RPZ records
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User to specify NXDOMAIN policies.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<span><strong class="command">NODATA</strong></span> overrides with the
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User NODATA policy
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<span><strong class="command">CNAME domain</strong></span> causes all RPZ
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User policy records to act as if they were "cname domain" records.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User For example, you might use this option statement
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"> response-policy { zone "badlist"; };</pre>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User and this zone statement
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"> zone "badlist" {type master; file "master/badlist"; allow-query {none;}; };</pre>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User with this zone file
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User@ SOA LOCALHOST. named-mgr.example.com (1 1h 15m 30d 2h)
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User NS LOCALHOST.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User; QNAME policy records. There are no periods (.) after the owner names.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox Usernxdomain.domain.com CNAME . ; NXDOMAIN policy
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox Usernodata.domain.com CNAME *. ; NODATA policy
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox Userbad.domain.com A 10.0.0.1 ; redirect to a walled garden
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater AAAA 2001:2::1
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews; do not rewrite (PASSTHRU) OK.DOMAIN.COM
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews; redirect x.bzone.domain.com to x.bzone.domain.com.garden.example.com
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews; IP policy records that rewrite all answers for 127/8 except 127.0.0.1
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews32.1.0.0.127.rpz-ip CNAME 32.1.0.0.127. ; PASSTHRU for 127.0.0.1
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews; NSDNAME and NSIP policy records
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<a name="server_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr[/prefixlen]</code></em> {
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> bogus <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> edns <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em> ; ]</span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> keys <em class="replaceable"><code>{ string ; [<span class="optional"> string ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>] }</code></em> ; </span>]
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> query-source [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-updateinterval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<a name="server_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement defines
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews characteristics
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews to be associated with a remote name server. If a prefix length is
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews specified, then a range of servers is covered. Only the most
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews server clause applies regardless of the order in
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement can occur at
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews the top level of the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater If a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement contains
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews one or more <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements, only
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews apply to the view and any top-level ones are ignored.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews If a view contains no <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews any top-level <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements are
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If you discover that a remote server is giving out bad data,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews marking it as bogus will prevent further queries to it. The
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews value of <span><strong class="command">bogus</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the local server, acting as master, will respond with an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone transfer when the given remote server, a slave, requests it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, incremental transfer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be provided
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews whenever possible. If set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the remote server will be non-incremental. If not set, the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option in the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews global options block is used as a default.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server, acting as a slave, will request incremental zone
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews transfers from the given remote server, a master. If not set, the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews value of the <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> option in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the view or global options block is used as a default. It may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be set in the zone block and, if set there, it will
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews override the global or view setting for that zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IXFR requests to servers that do not support IXFR will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fall back to AXFR. Therefore, there is no need to manually list
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews which servers support IXFR and which ones do not; the global
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> should always work.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The purpose of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clauses is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to make it possible to disable the use of IXFR even when both
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and slave claim to support it, for example if one of the servers
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is buggy and crashes or corrupts data when IXFR is used.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">edns</strong></span> clause determines whether
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the local server will attempt to use EDNS when communicating
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews with the remote server. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the EDNS UDP size
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that is advertised by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> when querying the remote server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews silently adjusted). This option is useful when you wish to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews advertises a different value to this server than the value you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein advertise globally, for example, when there is a firewall at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein remote site that is blocking large replies.
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews maximum EDNS UDP message size <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will send. Valid
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be silently adjusted). This option is useful when you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein know that there is a firewall that is blocking large
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replies from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server supports two zone transfer methods. The first, <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span>,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews uses one DNS message per resource record transferred. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as many resource records as possible into a message. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein more efficient, but is only known to be understood by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8.x, and patched versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews 4.9.5. You can specify which method
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to use for a server with the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> is not
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews specified, the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement will be
276e28f813ffef042d5a6e9f3373ef4e2ad37996Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used to limit the number of concurrent inbound zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers from the specified server. If no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> clause is specified, the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater limit is set according to the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> option.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause identifies a
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater to be used for transaction security (TSIG, <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater when talking to the remote server.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater When a request is sent to the remote server, a request signature
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater will be generated using the key specified here and appended to the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater message. A request originating from the remote server is not
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater to be signed by this key.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Although the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater allows for multiple keys, only a single key per server is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the IPv4 and IPv6 source
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater address to be used for zone transfer with the remote server,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater For an IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> can
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server, only
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> can be
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater For more details, see the description of
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for notify
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater messages sent to remote servers, respectively. For an
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater can be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater only <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for queries
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater sent to remote servers, respectively. For an IPv4
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater remote server, only <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> can
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater only <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="statschannels"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> {
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [ allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> } ]; ]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="id2590061"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater declares communication channels to be used by system
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater administrators to get access to statistics information of
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the name server.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater This statement intends to be flexible to support multiple
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater communication protocols in the future, but currently only
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater HTTP access is supported.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater It requires that BIND 9 be compiled with libxml2;
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater still accepted even if it is built without the library,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater but any HTTP access will fail with an error.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If no port is specified, port 80 is used for HTTP channels.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The asterisk "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The attempt of opening a statistics channel is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater restricted by the optional <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Connections to the statistics channel are permitted based on the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If no <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause is present,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> accepts connection
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater attempts from any address; since the statistics may
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater contain sensitive internal information, it is highly
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater recommended to restrict the source of connection requests
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater appropriately.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If no <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is present,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will not open any communication channels.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="trusted-keys"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> {
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User<a name="id2590201"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement defines
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater DNSSEC security roots. DNSSEC is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#DNSSEC" title="DNSSEC">the section called “DNSSEC”</a>. A security root is defined when the
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater public key for a non-authoritative zone is known, but
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater cannot be securely obtained through DNS, either because
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater it is the DNS root zone or because its parent zone is
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater unsigned. Once a key has been configured as a trusted
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater key, it is treated as if it had been validated and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User proven secure. The resolver attempts DNSSEC validation
f0da471019f224ba88dc2f4b3f2209c6102855f6Automatic Updater on all DNS data in subdomains of a security root.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater All keys (and corresponding zones) listed in
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> are deemed to exist regardless
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User of what parent zones say. Similarly for all keys listed in
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> only those keys are
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User used to validate the DNSKEY RRset. The parent's DS RRset
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User will not be used.
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement can contain
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User multiple key entries, each consisting of the key's
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater domain name, flags, protocol, algorithm, and the Base-64
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User representation of the key data.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Spaces, tabs, newlines and carriage returns are ignored
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User in the key data, so the configuration may be split up into
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User multiple lines.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> may be set at the top level
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User of <code class="filename">named.conf</code> or within a view. If it is
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User set in both places, they are additive: keys defined at the top
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User level are inherited by all views, but keys defined in a view
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User are only used within that view.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<a name="id2590248"></a><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> {
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<a name="managed-keys"></a><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, like
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>, defines DNSSEC
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User security roots. The difference is that
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> can be kept up to date
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User automatically, without intervention from the resolver
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Suppose, for example, that a zone's key-signing
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User key was compromised, and the zone owner had to revoke and
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User replace the key. A resolver which had the old key in a
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement would be
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User unable to validate this zone any longer; it would
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User reply with a SERVFAIL response code. This would
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User continue until the resolver operator had updated the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement with the new key.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User If, however, the zone were listed in a
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement instead, then the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User zone owner could add a "stand-by" key to the zone in advance.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> would store the stand-by key, and
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User when the original key was revoked, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User would be able to transition smoothly to the new key. It would
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User also recognize that the old key had been revoked, and cease
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User using that key to validate answers, minimizing the damage that
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the compromised key could do.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User A <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement contains a list of
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the keys to be managed, along with information about how the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User keys are to be initialized for the first time. The only
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User initialization method currently supported (as of
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.7.0) is <code class="literal">initial-key</code>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User This means the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement must
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User contain a copy of the initializing key. (Future releases may
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User allow keys to be initialized by other methods, eliminating this
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User requirement.)
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Consequently, a <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User appears similar to a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>, differing
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User in the presence of the second field, containing the keyword
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <code class="literal">initial-key</code>. The difference is, whereas the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User keys listed in a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> continue to be
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User trusted until they are removed from
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, an initializing key listed
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User in a <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement is only trusted
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span class="emphasis"><em>once</em></span>: for as long as it takes to load the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User managed key database and start the RFC 5011 key maintenance
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The first time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs with a managed key
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User configured in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, it fetches the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater DNSKEY RRset directly from the zone apex, and validates it
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater using the key specified in the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span>
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User statement. If the DNSKEY RRset is validly signed, then it is
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User used as the basis for a new managed keys database.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User From that point on, whenever <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs, it
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater sees the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, checks to
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User make sure RFC 5011 key maintenance has already been initialized
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User for the specified domain, and if so, it simply moves on. The
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater key specified in the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> is not
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User used to validate answers; it has been superseded by the key or
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater keys stored in the managed keys database.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User The next time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs after a name
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater has been <span class="emphasis"><em>removed</em></span> from the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, the corresponding
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater zone will be removed from the managed keys database,
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater and RFC 5011 key maintenance will no longer be used for that
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> only maintains a single managed keys
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User database; consequently, unlike <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> may only be set at the top
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User level of <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, not within a view.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User In the current implementation, the managed keys database is
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User stored as a master-format zone file called
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind</code>. When the key database
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User is changed, the zone is updated. As with any other dynamic
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User zone, changes will be written into a journal file,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind.jnl</code>. They are committed
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User to the master file as soon as possible afterward; in the case
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User of the managed key database, this will usually occur within 30
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater seconds. So, whenever <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is using
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User automatic key maintenance, those two files can be expected to
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User exist in the working directory. (For this reason among others,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the working directory should be always be writable by
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.)
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User If the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> option is
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User will automatically initialize a managed key for the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User zone <code class="literal">dlv.isc.org</code>. The key that is
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User used to initialize the key maintenance process is built
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User into <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>, and can be overridden
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User from <span><strong class="command">bindkeys-file</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<a name="view_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User match-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User match-destinations { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User match-recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_option</code></em>; ...</span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_statement</code></em>; ...</span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<a name="id2590742"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement is a powerful
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 that lets a name server
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User answer a DNS query differently
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User depending on who is asking. It is particularly useful for
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User split DNS setups without having to run multiple servers.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Each <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement defines a view
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User DNS namespace that will be seen by a subset of clients. A client
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User a view if its source IP address matches the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the view's
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> clause and its
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User destination IP address matches
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span> clause. If not
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User specified, both
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater default to matching all addresses. In addition to checking IP
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User can also take <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> which provide an
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User mechanism for the
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User client to select the view. A view can also be specified
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User as <span><strong class="command">match-recursive-only</strong></span>, which
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User means that only recursive
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User requests from matching clients will match that view.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The order of the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements is
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User significant —
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User a client request will be resolved in the context of the first
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> that it matches.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Zones defined within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User statement will
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User only be accessible to clients that match the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User By defining a zone of the same name in multiple views, different
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User zone data can be given to different clients, for example,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User and "external" clients in a split DNS setup.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Many of the options given in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User can also be used within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User statement, and then
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User apply only when resolving queries with that view. When no
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User view-specific
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User value is given, the value in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User is used as a default. Also, zone options can have default values
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement; these
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User view-specific defaults
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User take precedence over those in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Views are class specific. If no class is given, class IN
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User is assumed. Note that all non-IN views must contain a hint zone,
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater since only the IN class has compiled-in default hints.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User If there are no <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements in
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User file, a default view that matches any client is automatically
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User in class IN. Any <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User the top level of the configuration file are considered to be part
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User this default view, and the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User statement will
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User apply to the default view. If any explicit <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User statements are present, all <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User statements must
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User occur inside <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Here is an example of a typical split DNS setup implemented
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User using <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements:
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User // This should match our internal networks.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User match-clients { 10.0.0.0/8; };
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User // Provide recursive service to internal
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User // clients only.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User recursion yes;
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User // Provide a complete view of the example.com
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User // zone including addresses of internal hosts.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox Userview "external" {
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User // Match all clients not matched by the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User // previous view.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User match-clients { any; };
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User // Refuse recursive service to external clients.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User recursion no;
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User // Provide a restricted view of the example.com
892503bd484c106493e3c8053155b364a522ec03Tinderbox User // zone containing only publicly accessible hosts.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User<a name="zone_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> update-policy <em class="replaceable"><code>local</code></em> | { <em class="replaceable"><code>update_policy_rule</code></em> [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ;
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-mx (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> auto-dnssec <code class="constant">allow</code>|<code class="constant">maintain</code>|<code class="constant">off</code>; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> inline-signing <font color="red"><replacable>yes_or_no</replacable></font>; </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> serial-update-method <code class="constant">increment</code>|<code class="constant">unixtime</code>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox Userzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnssec-update-mode ( <em class="replaceable"><code>maintain</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>no-resign</code></em> ); </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnssec-loadkeys-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnssec-secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> also-notify [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox Userzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>] // Not Implemented.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox Userzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox Userzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User type static-stub;
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> server-addresses { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> server-names { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> </span>] }; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox Userzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User type forward;
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox Userzone <em class="replaceable"><code>"."</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User type redirect;
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox Userzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User type delegation-only;
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<a name="id2592422"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<a name="id2592429"></a>Zone Types</h4></div></div></div>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The server has a master copy of the data
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User for the zone and will be able to provide authoritative
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User A slave zone is a replica of a master
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User zone. The <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> list
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User specifies one or more IP addresses
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User of master servers that the slave contacts to update
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User its copy of the zone.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Masters list elements can also be names of other
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User masters lists.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User By default, transfers are made from port 53 on the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User servers; this can
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User be changed for all servers by specifying a port number
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User list of IP addresses, or on a per-server basis after
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User the IP address.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Authentication to the master can also be done with
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User per-server TSIG keys.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User If a file is specified, then the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User replica will be written to this file whenever the zone
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User and reloaded from this file on a server restart. Use
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User recommended, since it often speeds server startup and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a needless waste of bandwidth. Note that for large
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User numbers (in the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User tens or hundreds of thousands) of zones per server, it
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User use a two-level naming scheme for zone filenames. For
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User a slave server for the zone <code class="literal">example.com</code> might place
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User the zone contents into a file called
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User <code class="filename">ex/example.com</code> where <code class="filename">ex/</code> is
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User just the first two letters of the zone name. (Most
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User operating systems
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User behave very slowly if you put 100000 files into
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User a single directory.)
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User A stub zone is similar to a slave zone,
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User except that it replicates only the NS records of a
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User master zone instead
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User of the entire zone. Stub zones are not a standard part
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User they are a feature specific to the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> implementation.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Stub zones can be used to eliminate the need for glue
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User in a parent zone at the expense of maintaining a stub
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User zone entry and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a set of name server addresses in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User This usage is not recommended for new configurations,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User supports it only in a limited way.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4/8, zone
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User transfers of a parent zone
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User included the NS records from stub children of that
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User zone. This meant
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User that, in some cases, users could get away with
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User configuring child stubs
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User only in the master server for the parent zone. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User 9 never mixes together zone data from different zones
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User way. Therefore, if a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 master serving a parent
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User zone has child stub zones configured, all the slave
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User servers for the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User parent zone also need to have the same child stub
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Stub zones can also be used as a way of forcing the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User of a given domain to use a particular set of
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User authoritative servers.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User For example, the caching name servers on a private
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User network using
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User RFC1918 addressing may be configured with stub zones
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User to use a set of internal name servers as the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User authoritative
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User servers for that domain.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User A static-stub zone is similar to a stub zone
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User with the following exceptions:
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the zone data is statically configured, rather
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User than transferred from a master server;
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User when recursion is necessary for a query that
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User matches a static-stub zone, the locally
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User configured data (nameserver names and glue addresses)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User is always used even if different authoritative
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User information is cached.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Zone data is configured via the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">server-addresses</strong></span> and
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">server-names</strong></span> zone options.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The zone data is maintained in the form of NS
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User and (if necessary) glue A or AAAA RRs
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User internally, which can be seen by dumping zone
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User databases by <span><strong class="command">rndc dumpdb -all</strong></span>.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The configured RRs are considered local configuration
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User parameters rather than public data.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Non recursive queries (i.e., those with the RD
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User bit off) to a static-stub zone are therefore
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User prohibited and will be responded with REFUSED.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Since the data is statically configured, no
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User zone maintenance action takes place for a static-stub
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User For example, there is no periodic refresh
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User attempt, and an incoming notify message
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User will be rejected with an rcode of NOTAUTH.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Each static-stub zone is configured with
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User internally generated NS and (if necessary)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User glue A or AAAA RRs
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User A "forward zone" is a way to configure
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User forwarding on a per-domain basis. A <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> can
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User contain a <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User and/or <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User which will apply to queries within the domain given by
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User name. If no <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User statement is present or
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User an empty list for <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span> is given, then no
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User forwarding will be done for the domain, canceling the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any forwarders in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement. Thus
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if you want to use this type of zone to change the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behavior of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> option
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews (that is, "forward first"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to, then "forward only", or vice versa, but want to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers as set globally) you need to re-specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global forwarders.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User The initial set of root name servers is
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater specified using a "hint zone". When the server starts
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews the root hints to find a root name server and get the
b3c2030de4cc02b8e881ca4e6f62b385d4b41b0fAutomatic Updater list of root name servers. If no hint zone is
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews specified for class
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IN, the server uses a compiled-in default set of root
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Classes other than IN have no built-in defaults hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Provides a source of answers when the normal resolution
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein returns NXDOMAIN. Only one redirect zone is supported
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per view. <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to restrict which clients see these answers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the client has requested DNSSEC records (DO=1) and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the NXDOMAIN response is signed then no substitution
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is used to enforce the delegation-only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein status of infrastructure zones (e.g. COM,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NET, ORG). Any answer that is received
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein without an explicit or implicit delegation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the authority section will be treated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as NXDOMAIN. This does not apply to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone apex. This should not be applied to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">delegation-only</code> has no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein effect on answers received from forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See caveats in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2593006"></a>Class</h4></div></div></div>
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater The zone's name may optionally be followed by a class. If
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater a class is not specified, class <code class="literal">IN</code> (for <code class="varname">Internet</code>),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assumed. This is correct for the vast majority of cases.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="literal">hesiod</code> class is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein named for an information service from MIT's Project Athena. It
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to share information about various systems databases, such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as users, groups, printers and so on. The keyword
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a synonym for hesiod.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Another MIT development is Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the mid-1970s. Zone data for it can be specified with the <code class="literal">CHAOS</code> class.
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2593040"></a>Zone Options</h4></div></div></div>
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater See the description of
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews See the description of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater See the description of
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
b6b8f8a0362da8c749021c4b6376cfb96047912bTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a "Simple Secure Update" policy. See
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only meaningful if <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein active for this zone. The set of machines that will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for this zone is made up of all the listed name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the primary master) for the zone plus any IP addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>. A port
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with each <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to send the notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages to a port other than the default of 53.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A TSIG key may also be specified to cause the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">NOTIFY</code> to be signed by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein meaningful for stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the empty list.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to restrict the character set and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein received from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network. The default varies according to zone type. For <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>. For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones the default is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is not implemented for <span><strong class="command">hint</strong></span> zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews See the description of
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews See the description of
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews See the description of
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews See the description of
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-update-mode</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-update-mode</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Usage”</a>.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span></span></dt>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater See the description of
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater See the description of
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></span></dt>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Specify the type of database to be used for storing the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater zone data. The string following the <span><strong class="command">database</strong></span> keyword
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater is interpreted as a list of whitespace-delimited words.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The first word
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater identifies the database type, and any subsequent words are
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User as arguments to the database to be interpreted in a way
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater to the database type.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>"rbt"</code></strong>, BIND 9's
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater native in-memory
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater red-black-tree database. This database does not take
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Other values are possible if additional database drivers
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater have been linked into the server. Some sample drivers are
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater with the distribution but none are linked in by default.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater See the description of
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The flag only applies to hint and stub zones. If set
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the zone will also be
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater treated as if it is also a delegation-only type zone.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater See caveats in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Only meaningful if the zone has a forwarders
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater list. The <span><strong class="command">only</strong></span> value causes
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User the lookup to fail
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User after trying the forwarders and getting no answer, while <span><strong class="command">first</strong></span> would
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User allow a normal lookup to be tried.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User Used to override the list of global forwarders.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User If it is not specified in a zone of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>,
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User no forwarding is done for the zone and the global options are
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User Was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User specify the name
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User of the transaction log (journal) file for dynamic update
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User and constructs the name of the journal
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User file by appending "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>"
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User to the name of the
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-tmp-file</strong></span></span></dt>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User Was an undocumented option in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8.
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User Ignored in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">journal</strong></span></span></dt>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User Allow the default journal's filename to be overridden.
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User The default is the zone's filename with "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>" appended.
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User This is applicable to <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones.
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User See the description of
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_resource_limits" title="Server Resource Limits">the section called “Server Resource Limits”</a>.
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User See the description of
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User See the description of
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User See the description of
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater See the description of
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews See the description of
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span> in
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pubkey</strong></span></span></dt>
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein intended for specifying
dcb551033f0b33eb5c113169750a61084d8250a1Mark Andrews a public zone key for verification of signatures in DNSSEC
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews zones when they are loaded from disk. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 does not verify signatures
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews on load and ignores the option.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
dcb551033f0b33eb5c113169750a61084d8250a1Mark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will keep
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews information for this zone, which can be dumped to the
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> defined in
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews the server options.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only meaningful for static-stub zones.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater This is a list of IP addresses to which queries
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater should be sent in recursive resolution for the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater A non empty list for this option will internally
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater configure the apex NS RR with associated glue A or
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater For example, if "example.com" is configured as a
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater static-stub zone with 192.0.2.1 and 2001:db8::1234
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User in a <span><strong class="command">server-addresses</strong></span> option,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the following RRs will be internally configured.
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">example.com. NS example.com.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater These records are internally used to resolve
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater names under the static-stub zone.
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater For instance, if the server receives a query for
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater "www.example.com" with the RD bit on, the server
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater will initiate recursive resolution and send
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater queries to 192.0.2.1 and/or 2001:db8::1234.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-names</strong></span></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Only meaningful for static-stub zones.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater This is a list of domain names of nameservers that
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater act as authoritative servers of the static-stub
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater These names will be resolved to IP addresses when
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> needs to send queries to
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater these servers.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater To make this supplemental resolution successful,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater these names must not be a subdomain of the origin
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater name of static-stub zone.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater That is, when "example.net" is the origin of a
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater static-stub zone, "ns.example" and
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater "master.example.com" can be specified in the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">server-names</strong></span> option, but
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater "ns.example.net" cannot, and will be rejected by
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the configuration parser.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater A non empty list for this option will internally
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater configure the apex NS RR with the specified names.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater For example, if "example.com" is configured as a
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater static-stub zone with "ns1.example.net" and
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater in a <span><strong class="command">server-names</strong></span> option,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the following RRs will be internally configured.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">example.com. NS ns1.example.net.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater These records are internally used to resolve
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater names under the static-stub zone.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater For instance, if the server receives a query for
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater "www.example.com" with the RD bit on, the server
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater initiate recursive resolution,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater "ns2.example.net" to IP addresses, and then send
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater queries to (one or more of) these addresses.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater See the description of
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater See the description of
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater See the description of
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater See the description of
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater See the description of
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater See the description of
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater See the description of
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater See the description of
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater See the description of
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
f7b2875691497b292eacb60609be23a813d14e63Automatic Updater See the description of
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater See the description of
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User See the description in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (Note that the <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>master</code></strong> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>slave</code></strong> choices are not
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews available at the zone level.)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec</strong></span></span></dt>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User Zones configured for dynamic DNS may also use this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option to allow varying levels of automatic DNSSEC key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein management. There are three possible settings:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec allow;</strong></span> permits
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys to be updated and the zone fully re-signed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whenever the user issues the command <span><strong class="command">rndc sign
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec maintain;</strong></span> includes the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein above, but also automatically adjusts the zone's DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys on schedule, according to the keys' timing metadata
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></span>(8)</a> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></span>(8)</a>). The command
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span> causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to load keys from the key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein repository and sign the zone with all keys that are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span> causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to load keys from the key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein repository and schedule key maintenance events to occur
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the future, but it does not sign the full zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein immediately. Note: once keys have been loaded for a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone the first time, the repository will be searched
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for changes periodically, regardless of whether
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rndc loadkeys</strong></span> is used. The recheck
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interval is defined by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span>.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default setting is <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec off</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-update-method</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zones configured for dynamic DNS may use this
d01e14dc0bfc700a8d72e9676fc8aa66c237151fAutomatic Updater option to set the update method that will be used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone serial number in the SOA record.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein With the default setting of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">serial-update-method increment;</strong></span>, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SOA serial number will be incremented by one each time
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone is updated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">serial-update-method unixtime;</strong></span>, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SOA serial number will be set to the number of seconds
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein since the UNIX epoch, unless the serial number is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein already greater than or equal to that value, in which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein case it is simply incremented by one.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">inline-signing</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <code class="literal">yes</code>, this enables
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "bump in the wire" signing of a zone, where a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unsigned zone is transfered in or loaded from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disk and a signed version of the zone is served,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with possibly, a different serial number. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behaviour is disabled by default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<a name="dynamic_update_policies"></a>Dynamic Update Policies</h4></div></div></div>
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson<p><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 supports two alternative
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater methods of granting clients the right to perform
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater dynamic updates to a zone, configured by the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> and
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> option, respectively.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce The <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> clause works the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce same way as in previous versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce It grants given clients the permission to update any
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce record of any name in the zone.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> clause
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater allows more fine-grained control over what updates are
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater allowed. A set of rules is specified, where each rule
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce either grants or denies permissions for one or more
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson names to be updated by one or more identities. If
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson the dynamic update request message is signed (that is,
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce it includes either a TSIG or SIG(0) record), the
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson identity of the signer can be determined.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Rules are specified in the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce zone option, and are only meaningful for master zones.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce When the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce is present, it is a configuration error for the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> statement to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein present. The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only examines the signer of a message; the source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address is not relevant.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There is a pre-defined <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews rule which can be switched on with the command
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">update-policy local;</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Switching on this rule in a zone causes
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to generate a TSIG session
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews key and place it in a file, and to allow that key
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to update the zone. (By default, the file is
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>, the key
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User name is "local-ddns" and the key algorithm is HMAC-SHA256,
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User but these values are configurable with the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span>,
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">session-keyname</strong></span> and
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">session-keyalg</strong></span> options, respectively).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A client running on the local system, and with appropriate
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User permissions, may read that file and use the key to sign update
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews requests. The zone's update policy will be set to allow that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key to change any record within the zone. Assuming the
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews key name is "local-ddns", this policy is equivalent to:
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">update-policy { grant local-ddns zonesub any; };
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User The command <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span> sends update
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews requests to localhost, and signs them using the session key.
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater Other rule definitions look like this:
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews( <span><strong class="command">grant</strong></span> | <span><strong class="command">deny</strong></span> ) <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>] [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>types</code></em> </span>]
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews Each rule grants or denies privileges. Once a message has
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews successfully matched a rule, the operation is immediately
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews granted or denied and no further rules are examined. A rule
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User is matched when the signer matches the identity field, the
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User name matches the name field in accordance with the nametype
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User field, and the type matches the types specified in the type
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater No signer is required for <em class="replaceable"><code>tcp-self</code></em>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews or <em class="replaceable"><code>6to4-self</code></em> however the standard
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews reverse mapping / prefix conversion must match the identity
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews The identity field specifies a name or a wildcard
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater name. Normally, this is the name of the TSIG or
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User SIG(0) key used to sign the update request. When a
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews TKEY exchange has been used to create a shared secret,
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater the identity of the shared secret is the same as the
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User identity of the key used to authenticate the TKEY
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews exchange. TKEY is also the negotiation method used
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews by GSS-TSIG, which establishes an identity that is
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews the Kerberos principal of the client, such as
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>"user@host.domain"</code></strong>. When the
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews a wildcard name, it is subject to DNS wildcard
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews expansion, so the rule will apply to multiple identities.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field must
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews contain a fully-qualified domain name.
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater For nametypes <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>,
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater <code class="varname">ms-self</code>, <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>,
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater and <code class="varname">ms-subdomain</code> the
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User the Windows or Kerberos realm of the machine belongs to.
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> field has 13
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <code class="varname">name</code>, <code class="varname">subdomain</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">wildcard</code>, <code class="varname">self</code>,
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User <code class="varname">selfsub</code>, <code class="varname">selfwild</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>, <code class="varname">ms-self</code>,
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>,
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <code class="varname">tcp-self</code>, <code class="varname">6to4-self</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">zonesub</code>, and <code class="varname">external</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Exact-match semantics. This rule matches
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User when the name being updated is identical
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User to the contents of the
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule matches when the name being updated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a subdomain of, or identical to, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contents of the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews This rule is similar to subdomain, except that
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater it matches when the name being updated is a
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews subdomain of the zone in which the
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews appears. This obviates the need to type the zone
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews name twice, and enables the use of a standard
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement in
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews multiple zones without modification.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews When this rule is used, the
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field is omitted.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User is subject to DNS wildcard expansion, and
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User this rule matches when the name being updated
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater name is a valid expansion of the wildcard.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater This rule matches when the name being updated
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater matches the contents of the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater is ignored, but should be the same as the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The <code class="varname">self</code> nametype is
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater most useful when allowing using one key per
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews name to update, where the key has the same
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews name as the name to be updated. The
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> would
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User be specified as <code class="constant">*</code> (an asterisk) in
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews except that subdomains of <code class="varname">self</code>
9090a36b61a90746738f66bce09ceaf8d8491d7eAndreas Gustafsson can also be updated.
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except that only subdomains of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">self</code> can be updated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule takes a Windows machine principal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (machine$@REALM) for machine in REALM and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and converts it machine.realm allowing the machine
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to update machine.realm. The REALM to be matched
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is specified in the <font color="red"><replacable>identity</replacable></font>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule takes a Windows machine principal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (machine$@REALM) for machine in REALM and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein converts it to machine.realm allowing the machine
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to update subdomains of machine.realm. The REALM
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be matched is specified in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <font color="red"><replacable>identity</replacable></font> field.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule takes a Kerberos machine principal
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews and converts it machine.realm allowing the machine
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to update machine.realm. The REALM to be matched
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is specified in the <font color="red"><replacable>identity</replacable></font>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule takes a Kerberos machine principal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein converts it to machine.realm allowing the machine
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to update subdomains of machine.realm. The REALM
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be matched is specified in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <font color="red"><replacable>identity</replacable></font> field.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow updates that have been sent via TCP and
c60793c77f6b6b8b66ad57c73cd7eb67e8d7ff6fAndreas Gustafsson for which the standard mapping from the initiating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein namespaces match the name to be updated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Allow the 6to4 prefix to be update by any TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connection from the 6to4 network or from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein corresponding IPv4 address. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to allow NS or DNAME RRsets to be added to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reverse tree.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule allows <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to defer the decision of whether to allow a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein given update to an external daemon.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The method of communicating with the daemon is
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater field, the format of which is
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater "<code class="constant">local:</code><em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em>",
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater where <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> is the location
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater of a UNIX-domain socket. (Currently, "local" is the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater only supported mechanism.)
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Requests to the external daemon are sent over the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater UNIX-domain socket as datagrams with the following
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Protocol version number (4 bytes, network byte order, currently 1)
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Request length (4 bytes, network byte order)
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Signer (null-terminated string)
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Name (null-terminated string)
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater TCP source address (null-terminated string)
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Rdata type (null-terminated string)
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Key (null-terminated string)
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater TKEY token length (4 bytes, network byte order)
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater TKEY token (remainder of packet)</pre>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The daemon replies with a four-byte value in
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater network byte order, containing either 0 or 1; 0
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater indicates that the specified update is not
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater permitted, and 1 indicates that it is.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater In all cases, the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater field must specify a fully-qualified domain name.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater If no types are explicitly specified, this rule matches
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater all types except RRSIG, NS, SOA, NSEC and NSEC3. Types
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater may be specified by name, including "ANY" (ANY matches
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater all types except NSEC and NSEC3, which can never be
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater updated). Note that when an attempt is made to delete
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater all records associated with a name, the rules are
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater checked for each existing record type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2595920"></a>Zone File</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them"></a>Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This section, largely borrowed from RFC 1034, describes the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein concept of a Resource Record (RR) and explains when each is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the publication of RFC 1034, several new RRs have been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and implemented in the DNS. These are also included.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2595938"></a>Resource Records</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A domain name identifies a node. Each node has a set of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource information, which may be empty. The set of resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information associated with a particular name is composed of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separate RRs. The order of RRs in a set is not significant and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein need not be preserved by name servers, resolvers, or other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parts of the DNS. However, sorting of multiple RRs is
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews permitted for optimization purposes, for example, to specify
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews that a particular nearby server be tried first. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a> and <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The components of a Resource Record are:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The domain name where the RR is found.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater An encoded 16-bit value that specifies
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater the type of the resource record.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater The time-to-live of the RR. This field
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater is a 32-bit integer in units of seconds, and is
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater primarily used by
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater resolvers when they cache RRs. The TTL describes how
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User long a RR can
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User be cached before it should be discarded.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User An encoded 16-bit value that identifies
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User a protocol family or instance of a protocol.
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User The resource data. The format of the
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User data is type (and sometimes class) specific.
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User The following are <span class="emphasis"><em>types</em></span> of valid RRs:
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater A host address. In the IN class, this is a
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater 32-bit IP address. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 address. Described in RFC 1886.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 address. This can be a partial
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (a suffix) and an indirection to the name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein where the rest of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (the prefix) can be found. Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2874.
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User Location of AFS database servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Address prefix list. Experimental.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Described in RFC 3123.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Holds a digital certificate.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2538.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies the canonical name of an alias.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Is used for identifying which DHCP client is
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater associated with this name. Described in RFC 4701.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Replaces the domain name specified with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein another name to be looked up, effectively aliasing an
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater subtree of the domain name space rather than a single
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews as in the case of the CNAME RR.
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews Described in RFC 2672.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stores a public key associated with a signed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Stores the hash of a public key associated with a
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews signed DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater Specifies the global position. Superseded by LOC.
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews Identifies the CPU and OS used by a host.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Provides a method for storing IPsec keying material in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS. Described in RFC 4025.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Representation of ISDN addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Stores a public key associated with a
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater DNS name. Used in original DNSSEC; replaced
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater by DNSKEY in DNSSECbis, but still used with
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater SIG(0). Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies a key exchanger for this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS name. Described in RFC 2230.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For storing GPS info. Described in RFC 1876.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Identifies a mail exchange for the domain with
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews a 16-bit preference value (lower is better)
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater followed by the host name of the mail exchange.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater Described in RFC 974, RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Name authority pointer. Described in RFC 2915.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A network service access point.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1706.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews The authoritative name server for the
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews domain. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not exist in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein existing name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 4034.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater RRs with an owner name in a certain name
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater interval do not exist in a zone and indicate
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater what RR types are present for an existing
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater name. NSEC3 differs from NSEC in that it
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater prevents zone enumeration but is more
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater computationally expensive on both the server
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater and the client than NSEC. Described in RFC
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Used in DNSSECbis to tell the authoritative
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater server which NSEC3 chains are available to use.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Described in RFC 5155.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Used in DNSSEC to securely indicate that
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater existing name.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Used in original DNSSEC; replaced by NSEC in
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Described in RFC 2535.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater A pointer to another part of the domain
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater name space. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Provides mappings between RFC 822 and X.400
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater addresses. Described in RFC 2163.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Information on persons responsible
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater for the domain. Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Contains DNSSECbis signature data. Described
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in RFC 4034.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Route-through binding for hosts that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein do not have their own direct wide area network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Contains DNSSEC signature data. Used in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein original DNSSEC; replaced by RRSIG in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSECbis, but still used for SIG(0).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies the start of a zone of authority.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1035.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater Contains the Sender Policy Framework information
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater for a given email domain. Described in RFC 4408.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater Information about well known network
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater services (replaces WKS). Described in RFC 2782.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Provides a way to securely publish a secure shell key's
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater fingerprint. Described in RFC 4255.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater Text records. Described in RFC 1035.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater Information about which well known
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater network services, such as SMTP, that a domain
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater supports. Historical.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Representation of X.25 network addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User The following <span class="emphasis"><em>classes</em></span> of resource records
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User are currently valid in the DNS:
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The Internet.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created at MIT in the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Rarely used for its historical purpose, but reused for
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater built-in server information zones, e.g.,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">version.bind</code>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Hesiod, an information service
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein developed by MIT's Project Athena. It is used to share
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater about various systems databases, such as users,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater groups, printers
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The owner name is often implicit, rather than forming an
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater part of the RR. For example, many name servers internally form
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater or hash structures for the name space, and chain RRs off nodes.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The remaining RR parts are the fixed header (type, class, TTL)
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater which is consistent for all RRs, and a variable part (RDATA)
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater fits the needs of the resource being described.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The meaning of the TTL field is a time limit on how long an
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater RR can be kept in a cache. This limit does not apply to
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater data in zones; it is also timed out, but by the refreshing
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater for the zone. The TTL is assigned by the administrator for the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater zone where the data originates. While short TTLs can be used to
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater minimize caching, and a zero TTL prohibits caching, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of Internet performance suggest that these times should be on
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater order of days for the typical host. If a change can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein anticipated,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the TTL can be reduced prior to the change to minimize
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inconsistency
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein during the change, and then increased back to its former value
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The data in the RDATA section of RRs is carried as a combination
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of binary strings and domain names. The domain names are
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews used as "pointers" to other data in the DNS.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2597561"></a>Textual expression of RRs</h4></div></div></div>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews RRs are represented in binary form in the packets of the DNS
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews protocol, and are usually represented in highly encoded form
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews stored in a name server or resolver. In the examples provided
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews RFC 1034, a style similar to that used in master files was
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews in order to show the contents of RRs. In this format, most RRs
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews are shown on a single line, although continuation lines are
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews using parentheses.
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews The start of the line gives the owner of the RR. If a line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begins with a blank, then the owner is assumed to be the same as
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater that of the previous RR. Blank lines are often included for
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater Following the owner, we list the TTL, type, and class of the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater RR. Class and type use the mnemonics defined above, and TTL is
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater an integer before the type field. In order to avoid ambiguity
3daad56dbb60acbdd1e8f59a1cfbfb03d364dba8Automatic Updater parsing, type and class mnemonics are disjoint, TTLs are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the type mnemonic is always last. The IN class and TTL
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews are often omitted from examples in the interests of clarity.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews The resource data or RDATA section of the RR are given using
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater knowledge of the typical representation for the data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, we might show the RRs carried in a message as:
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <code class="literal">10 VAXA.ISI.EDU</code>
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <code class="literal">VENERA.ISI.EDU</code>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews The MX RRs have an RDATA section which consists of a 16-bit
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews number followed by a domain name. The address RRs use a
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews IP address format to contain a 32-bit internet address.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews The above example shows six RRs, with two RRs at each of three
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews domain names.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Similarly we might see:
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <code class="literal">XX.LCS.MIT.EDU.</code>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <code class="literal">MIT.EDU. 2420</code>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater This example shows two addresses for
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <code class="literal">XX.LCS.MIT.EDU</code>, each of a different class.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater<a name="id2598082"></a>Discussion of MX Records</h3></div></div></div>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater As described above, domain servers store information as a
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater series of resource records, each of which contains a particular
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater piece of information about a given domain name (which is usually,
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User but not always, a host). The simplest way to think of a RR is as
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater a typed pair of data, a domain name matched with a relevant datum,
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater and stored with some additional type information to help systems
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater determine when the RR is relevant.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater MX records are used to control delivery of email. The data
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater specified in the record is a priority and a domain name. The
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater controls the order in which email delivery is attempted, with the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater lowest number first. If two priorities are the same, a server is
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater chosen randomly. If no servers at a given priority are responding,
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater the mail transport agent will fall back to the next largest
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater Priority numbers do not have any absolute meaning — they are
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater only respective to other MX records for that domain name. The
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User name given is the machine to which the mail will be delivered.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater It <span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> have an associated address record
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater (A or AAAA) — CNAME is not sufficient.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews For a given domain, if there is both a CNAME record and an
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews MX record, the MX record is in error, and will be ignored.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews the mail will be delivered to the server specified in the MX
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews pointed to by the CNAME.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews For example:
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">mail.example.com.</code>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">mail2.example.com.</code>
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater <code class="literal">mail.example.com.</code>
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User <code class="literal">mail2.example.com.</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Mail delivery will be attempted to <code class="literal">mail.example.com</code> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">mail2.example.com</code> (in
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User any order), and if neither of those succeed, delivery to <code class="literal">mail.backup.org</code> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be attempted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Setting_TTLs"></a>Setting TTLs</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The time-to-live of the RR field is a 32-bit integer represented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in units of seconds, and is primarily used by resolvers when they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache RRs. The TTL describes how long a RR can be cached before it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be discarded. The following three types of TTL are
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User used in a zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The last field in the SOA is the negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caching TTL. This controls how long other servers will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache no-such-domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (NXDOMAIN) responses from you.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum time for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein negative caching is 3 hours (3h).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The $TTL directive at the top of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone file (before the SOA) gives a default TTL for every
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a specific TTL set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each RR can have a TTL as the second
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field in the RR, which will control how long other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers can cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All of these TTLs default to units of seconds, though units
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be explicitly specified, for example, <code class="literal">1h30m</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2598697"></a>Inverse Mapping in IPv4</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Reverse name resolution (that is, translation from IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to name) is achieved by means of the <span class="emphasis"><em>in-addr.arpa</em></span> domain
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews and PTR records. Entries in the in-addr.arpa domain are made in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein least-to-most significant order, read left to right. This is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein opposite order to the way IP addresses are usually written. Thus,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a machine with an IP address of 10.1.2.3 would have a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein corresponding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 3.2.1.10.in-addr.arpa. This name should have a PTR resource record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whose data field is the name of the machine or, optionally,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein PTR records if the machine has more than one name. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the [<span class="optional">example.com</span>] domain:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">2.1.10.in-addr.arpa</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">IN PTR foo.example.com.</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> lines in the examples
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are for providing context to the examples only — they do not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appear in the actual usage. They are only used here to indicate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that the example is relative to the listed origin.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2598824"></a>Other Zone File Directives</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Master File Format was initially defined in RFC 1035 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has subsequently been extended. While the Master File Format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is class independent all records in a Master File must be of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Master File Directives include <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">$TTL.</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2598846"></a>The <span><strong class="command">@</strong></span> (at-sign)</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in the label (or name) field, the asperand or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at-sign (@) symbol represents the current origin.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At the start of the zone file, it is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>> (followed by
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews trailing dot).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2598862"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>domain-name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sets the domain name that will be appended to any
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews unqualified records. When a zone is first read in there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is an implicit <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>><span><strong class="command">.</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (followed by trailing dot).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the domain specified in the <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein argument if it is not absolute.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinWWW CNAME MAIN-SERVER
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2598923"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Read and process the file <code class="filename">filename</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if it were included into the file at this point. If <span><strong class="command">origin</strong></span> is
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater specified the file is processed with <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> set
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater to that value, otherwise the current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater The origin and the current domain name
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater revert to the values they had prior to the <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> once
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater the file has been read.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater RFC 1035 specifies that the current origin should be restored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>, but it is silent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on whether the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain name should also be restored. BIND 9 restores both of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This could be construed as a deviation from RFC 1035, a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein feature, or both.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2598993"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>default-ttl</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Set the default Time To Live (TTL) for subsequent records
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews with undefined TTLs. Valid TTLs are of the range 0-2147483647
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is defined in RFC 2308.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2599029"></a><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>range</code></em>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is used to create a series of resource records that only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein differ from each other by an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein iterator. <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> can be used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein easily generate the sets of records required to support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sub /24 reverse delegations described in RFC 2317:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN 0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-2 @ NS SERVER$.EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 $ CNAME $.0</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. NS SERVER1.EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein1.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 1.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein2.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 2.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein127.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 127.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Generate a set of A and MX records. Note the MX's right hand
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein side is a quoted string. The quotes will be stripped when the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein right hand side is processed.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater$ORIGIN EXAMPLE.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ A 1.2.3.$
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ MX "0 ."</pre>
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater is equivalent to
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">HOST-1.EXAMPLE. A 1.2.3.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">range</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This can be one of two forms: start-stop
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or start-stop/step. If the first form is used, then step
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1. All of start, stop and step must be positive.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein describes the owner name of the resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be created. Any single <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (dollar sign)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein symbols within the <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> string
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are replaced by the iterator value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To get a $ in the output, you need to escape the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> using a backslash
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">\</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein e.g. <span><strong class="command">\$</strong></span>. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> may optionally be followed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by modifiers which change the offset from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein iterator, field width and base.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Modifiers are introduced by a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">{</strong></span> (left brace) immediately following the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">${offset[,width[,base]]}</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, <span><strong class="command">${-20,3,d}</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein subtracts 20 from the current value, prints the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews result as a decimal in a zero-padded field of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Available output forms are decimal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">d</strong></span>), octal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">o</strong></span>), hexadecimal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">x</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">X</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for uppercase) and nibble
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">n</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">N</strong></span>\
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for uppercase). The default modifier is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">${0,0,d}</strong></span>. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> is not absolute, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews to the name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In nibble mode the value will be treated as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if it was a reversed hexadecimal string
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with each hexadecimal digit as a separate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein label. The width field includes the label
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For compatibility with earlier versions,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$$</strong></span> is still recognized as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicating a literal $ in the output.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the time-to-live of the generated records. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not specified this will be inherited using the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein normal TTL inheritance rules.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the class of the generated records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This must match the zone class if it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">type</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Any valid type.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span></p>
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span>, optionally, quoted string.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> directive is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> extension
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater and not part of the standard zone file format.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater BIND 8 does not support the optional TTL and CLASS fields.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater<a name="zonefile_format"></a>Additional File Formats</h3></div></div></div>
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater In addition to the standard textual format, BIND 9
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater supports the ability to read or dump to zone files in
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater other formats. The <code class="constant">raw</code> format is
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater currently available as an additional format. It is a
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater binary format representing BIND 9's internal data
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater structure directly, thereby remarkably improving the
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater For a primary server, a zone file in the
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater <code class="constant">raw</code> format is expected to be
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater generated from a textual zone file by the
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. For a
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater secondary server or for a dynamic zone, it is automatically
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater generated (if this format is specified by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> option) when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> dumps the zone contents after
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone transfer or when applying prior updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a zone file in a binary format needs manual modification,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it first must be converted to a textual form by the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. All
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein necessary modification should go to the text file, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should then be converted to the binary form by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command again.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Although the <code class="constant">raw</code> format uses the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network byte order and avoids architecture-dependent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data alignment so that it is as much portable as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein possible, it is primarily expected to be used inside
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the same single system. In order to export a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format or make a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein portable backup of the file, it is recommended to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein convert the file to the standard textual representation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="statistics"></a>BIND9 Statistics</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains lots of statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information and provides several interfaces for users to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein get access to the statistics.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The available statistics include all statistics counters
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that were available in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are meaningful in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and other information that is considered useful.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The statistics information is categorized into the following
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The number of incoming DNS requests for each OPCODE.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The number of incoming queries for each RR type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of outgoing queries for each RR
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type sent from the internal resolver.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Maintained per view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statistics counters about incoming request processing.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Statistics counters regarding zone maintenance
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews operations such as zone transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statistics counters about name resolution
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein performed in the internal resolver.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Maintained per view.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater The number of RRsets per RR type and nonexistent
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater names stored in the cache database.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater If the exclamation mark (!) is printed for a RR
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater type, it means that particular type of RRset is
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater known to be nonexistent (this is also known as
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Maintained per view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statistics counters about network related events.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater A subset of Name Server Statistics is collected and shown
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater per zone for which the server has the authority when
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span> is set to
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater These statistics counters are shown with their zone and view
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater In some cases the view names are omitted for the default view.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater There are currently two user interfaces to get access to the
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater One is in the plain text format dumped to the file specified
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater by the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> configuration option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The other is remotely accessible via a statistics channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is specified in the configuration file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels" title="statistics-channels Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="statsfile"></a>The Statistics File</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The text format statistics dump begins with a line, like:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">+++ Statistics Dump +++ (973798949)</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number in parentheses is a standard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Unix-style timestamp, measured as seconds since January 1, 1970.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that line is a set of statistics information, which is categorized
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as described above.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each section begins with a line, like:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">++ Name Server Statistics ++</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each section consists of lines, each containing the statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein counter value followed by its textual description.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See below for available counters.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For brevity, counters that have a value of 0 are not shown
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the statistics file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The statistics dump ends with the line where the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number is identical to the number in the beginning line; for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">--- Statistics Dump --- (973798949)</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="statistics_counters"></a>Statistics Counters</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following tables summarize statistics counters that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For each row of the tables, the leftmost column is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein abbreviated symbol name of that counter.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These symbols are shown in the statistics information
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein accessed via an HTTP statistics channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rightmost column gives the description of the counter,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which is also shown in the statistics file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (but, in this document, possibly with slight modification
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for better readability).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Additional notes may also be provided in this column.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a middle column exists between these two columns,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it gives the corresponding counter name of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 statistics, if applicable.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2600119"></a>Name Server Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">Requestv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 requests received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: this also counts non query requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">Requestv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 requests received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: this also counts non query requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqEdns0</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests with EDNS(0) received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqBadEDNSVer</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests with unsupported EDNS version received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqTSIG</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests with TSIG received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqSIG0</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests with SIG(0) received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqBadSIG</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests with invalid (TSIG or SIG(0)) signature.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqTCP</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RTCP</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TCP requests received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">AuthQryRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RUQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Authoritative (non recursive) queries rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RecQryRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RURQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Recursive queries rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">XfrRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RUXFR</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfer requests rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RUUpd</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic update requests rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">Response</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SAns</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RespTruncated</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Truncated responses sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RespEDNS0</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses with EDNS(0) sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RespTSIG</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses with TSIG sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RespSIG0</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses with SIG(0) sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QrySuccess</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Queries resulted in a successful answer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This means the query which returns a NOERROR response
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with at least one answer RR.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">success</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryAuthAns</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in authoritative answer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryNoauthAns</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SNaAns</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in non authoritative answer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryReferral</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Queries resulted in referral answer.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This corresponds to the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">referral</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryNxrrset</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in NOERROR responses with no data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nxrrset</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QrySERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SFail</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in SERVFAIL.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryFORMERR</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SFErr</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in FORMERR.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryNXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SNXD</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in NXDOMAIN.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nxdomain</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryRecursion</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RFwdQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries which caused the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to perform recursion in order to find the final answer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryDuplicate</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RDupQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries which the server attempted to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recurse but discovered an existing query with the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP address, port, query ID, name, type and class
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein already being processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">duplicate</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryDropped</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Recursive queries for which the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discovered an excessive number of existing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursive queries for the same name, type and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class and were subsequently dropped.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is the number of dropped queries due to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the reason explained with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see the description about
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#clients-per-query"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span></a>.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dropped</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryFailure</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Other query failures.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">failure</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: this counter is provided mainly for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein backward compatibility with the previous versions.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Normally a more fine-grained counters such as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">AuthQryRej</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">RecQryRej</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that would also fall into this counter are provided,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and so this counter would not be of much
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interest in practice.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">XfrReqDone</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requested zone transfers completed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateReqFwd</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Update requests forwarded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateRespFwd</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Update responses forwarded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateFwdFail</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic update forward failed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateDone</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic updates completed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateFail</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User Dynamic updates failed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateBadPrereq</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic updates rejected due to prerequisite failure.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2601660"></a>Zone Maintenance Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyOutv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 notifies sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyOutv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 notifies sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyInv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 notifies received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyInv6</strong></span></p>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater IPv6 notifies received.
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyRej</strong></span></p>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User Incoming notifies rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SOAOutv4</strong></span></p>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater IPv4 SOA queries sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SOAOutv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 SOA queries sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">AXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 AXFR requested.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">AXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 AXFR requested.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">IXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 IXFR requested.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">IXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 IXFR requested.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">XfrSuccess</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfer requests succeeded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">XfrFail</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfer requests failed.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2602043"></a>Resolver Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Queryv4</strong></span></p>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater IPv4 queries sent.
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Queryv6</strong></span></p>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater IPv6 queries sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">Responsev4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RR</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 responses received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">Responsev6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RR</strong></span></p>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews IPv6 responses received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">NXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RNXD</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NXDOMAIN received.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">SERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">RFail</strong></span></p>
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater SERVFAIL received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">FORMERR</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RFErr</strong></span></p>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater FORMERR received.
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">OtherError</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RErr</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Other errors received.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">EDNS0Fail</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS(0) query failures.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">Mismatch</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RDupR</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Mismatch responses received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The DNS ID, response's source address,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match what was expected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (The port must be 53 or as defined by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> option.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This may be an indication of a cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein poisoning attempt.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">Truncated</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater Truncated responses received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">Lame</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RLame</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Lame delegations received.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">Retry</strong></span></p>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">SDupQ</strong></span></p>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User Query retries performed.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">QueryAbort</strong></span></p>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User Queries aborted due to quota control.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">QuerySockFail</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Failures in opening query sockets.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews One common reason for such failures is a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews failure of opening a new socket due to a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews limitation on file descriptors.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">QueryTimeout</strong></span></p>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User Query timeouts.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SSysQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 NS address fetches invoked.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SSysQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 NS address fetches invoked.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv4Fail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 NS address fetch failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv6Fail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 NS address fetch failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValAttempt</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation attempted.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValOk</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation succeeded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValNegOk</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation on negative information succeeded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValFail</strong></span></p>
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User DNSSEC validation failed.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryRTTnn</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Frequency table on round trip times (RTTs) of
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Each <span><strong class="command">nn</strong></span> specifies the corresponding
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In the sequence of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_1</strong></span>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_2</strong></span>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m</strong></span>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the value of <span><strong class="command">nn_i</strong></span> is the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater number of queries whose RTTs are between
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_(i-1)</strong></span> (inclusive) and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_i</strong></span> (exclusive) milliseconds.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For the sake of convenience we define
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_0</strong></span> to be 0.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The last entry should be represented as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m+</strong></span>, which means the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater number of queries whose RTTs are equal to or over
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m</strong></span> milliseconds.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2603133"></a>Socket I/O Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Socket I/O statistics counters are defined per socket
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater types, which are
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP4</strong></span> (UDP/IPv4),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP6</strong></span> (UDP/IPv6),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">TCP4</strong></span> (TCP/IPv4),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">TCP6</strong></span> (TCP/IPv6),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">Unix</strong></span> (Unix Domain), and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> (sockets opened outside the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater socket module).
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In the following table <span><strong class="command"><TYPE></strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater represents a socket type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Not all counters are available for all socket types;
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater exceptions are noted in the description field.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Open</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Sockets opened successfully.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>OpenFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Failures of opening sockets.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Close</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Sockets closed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>BindFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Failures of binding sockets.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>ConnFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Failures of connecting sockets.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Conn</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Connections established successfully.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>AcceptFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Failures of accepting incoming connection requests.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP</strong></span> and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> types.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Accept</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Incoming connections successfully accepted.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP</strong></span> and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> types.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>SendErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Errors in socket send operations.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter corresponds
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to <span><strong class="command">SErr</strong></span> counter of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>RecvErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Errors in socket receive operations.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This includes errors of send operations on a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater connected UDP socket notified by an ICMP error
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2603575"></a>Compatibility with <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND</em></span> 8 Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Most statistics counters that were available
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8 are also supported in
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 as shown in the above tables.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Here are notes about other counters that do not appear
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in these tables.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RFwdR,SFwdR</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These counters are not supported
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater because <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 does not adopt
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the notion of <span class="emphasis"><em>forwarding</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater as <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8 did.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RAXFR</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is accessible in the Incoming Queries section.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RIQ</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is accessible in the Incoming Requests section.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ROpts</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is not supported
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater because <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 does not care
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater about IP options in the first place.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html">Prev</a>�</td>
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98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter�5.�The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Lightweight Resolver�</td>
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98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�Chapter�7.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</td>