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11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<title>Chapter�6.�BIND 9 Configuration Reference</title>
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71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</th></tr>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<a name="Bv9ARM.ch06"></a>Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2573733">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574387"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574577"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575073"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575090"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575113"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575137"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575227"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575353"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577420"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577494"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577558"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577602"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577617"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2587582"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2587737"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2587857"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2587904"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2587955"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2588172"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2589860"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592584">Zone File</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2594746">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2595362">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2595489">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2595693"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_counters">Statistics Counters</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration is broadly similar
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8; however, there are a few new
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews of configuration, such as views. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews 8 configuration files should work with few alterations in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9, although more complex configurations should be reviewed to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if they can be more efficiently implemented using the new features
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews found in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4 configuration files can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein converted to the new format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the shell script
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">contrib/named-bootconf/named-bootconf.sh</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="configuration_file_elements"></a>Configuration File Elements</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Following is a list of elements used throughout the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file documentation:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name of an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defined by the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>, <code class="varname">key_id</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="varname">acl_name</code> elements, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A named list of one or more <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews with optional <code class="varname">key_id</code> and/or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A <code class="varname">masters_list</code> may include other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a DNS name, for example "<code class="literal">my.test.domain</code>".
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater A list of one or more <code class="varname">domain_name</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One to four integers valued 0 through
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 255 separated by dots (`.'), such as <span><strong class="command">123</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">45.67</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">89.123.45.67</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv4 address with exactly four elements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <code class="varname">dotted_decimal</code> notation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv6 address, such as <span><strong class="command">2001:db8::1234</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews IPv6 scoped addresses that have ambiguity on their
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews scope zones must be disambiguated by an appropriate
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews zone ID with the percent character (`%') as
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews delimiter. It is strongly recommended to use
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews string zone names rather than numeric identifiers,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews in order to be robust against system configuration
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews changes. However, since there is no standard
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews mapping for such names and identifier values,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews currently only interface names as link identifiers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported, assuming one-to-one mapping between
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews interfaces and links. For example, a link-local
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews address <span><strong class="command">fe80::1</strong></span> on the link
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews attached to the interface <span><strong class="command">ne0</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified as <span><strong class="command">fe80::1%ne0</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews Note that on most systems link-local addresses
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews always have the ambiguity, and need to be
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews disambiguated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <code class="varname">ip4_addr</code> or <code class="varname">ip6_addr</code>.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User An IP port <code class="varname">number</code>.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User The <code class="varname">number</code> is limited to 0
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User through 65535, with values
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User below 1024 typically restricted to use by processes running
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User In some cases, an asterisk (`*') character can be used as a
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User placeholder to
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User select a random high-numbered port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IP network specified as an <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews followed by a slash (`/') and then the number of bits in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Trailing zeros in a <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may omitted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, <span><strong class="command">127/8</strong></span> is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">127.0.0.0</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein netmask <span><strong class="command">255.0.0.0</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0/28</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0</strong></span> with netmask <span><strong class="command">255.255.255.240</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When specifying a prefix involving a IPv6 scoped address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the scope may be omitted. In that case the prefix will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match packets from any scope.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews A <code class="varname">domain_name</code> representing
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews the name of a shared key, to be used for transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separated by semicolons and ending with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A non-negative 32-bit integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (i.e., a number between 0 and 4294967295, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Its acceptable value might further
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be limited by the context in which it is used.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a pathname, such as <code class="filename">zones/master/my.test.domain</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of an <code class="varname">ip_port</code> or a port
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A port range is specified in the form of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>range</code></strong> followed by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">port_high</code>, which represents
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein port numbers from <code class="varname">port_low</code> through
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, inclusive.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_low</code> must not be larger than
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range 1024 65535</code></strong> represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater ports from 1024 through 65535.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater In either case an asterisk (`*') character is not
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater allowed as a valid <code class="varname">ip_port</code>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A number, the word <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater or the word <strong class="userinput"><code>default</code></strong>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater An <code class="varname">unlimited</code> <code class="varname">size_spec</code> requests unlimited
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater use, or the maximum available amount. A <code class="varname">default size_spec</code> uses
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the limit that was in force when the server was started.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">number</code> can optionally be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by a scaling factor:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>K</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>k</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for kilobytes,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>M</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>m</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for megabytes, and
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>G</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>g</code></strong> for gigabytes,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User which scale by 1024, 1024*1024, and 1024*1024*1024
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User respectively.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User The value must be representable as a 64-bit unsigned integer
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User (0 to 18446744073709551615, inclusive).
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User Using <code class="varname">unlimited</code> is the best
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User to safely set a really large number.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Either <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The words <strong class="userinput"><code>true</code></strong> and <strong class="userinput"><code>false</code></strong> are
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews also accepted, as are the numbers <strong class="userinput"><code>1</code></strong>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User and <strong class="userinput"><code>0</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One of <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in a zone, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>, and <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are restricted to slave and stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="address_match_lists"></a>Address Match Lists</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2573568"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><code class="varname">address_match_list</code> = address_match_list_element ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address_match_list_element; ... </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<code class="varname">address_match_list_element</code> = [<span class="optional"> ! </span>] (ip_address [<span class="optional">/length</span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key key_id | acl_name | { address_match_list } )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2573595"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control for various server operations. They are also used in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements. The elements which constitute an address match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list can be any of the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a key ID, as defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>the name of an address match list defined with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>a nested address match list enclosed in braces</li>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Elements can be negated with a leading exclamation mark (`!'),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the match list names "any", "none", "localhost", and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "localnets" are predefined. More information on those names
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be found in the description of the acl statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The addition of the key clause made the name of this syntactic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element something of a misnomer, since security keys can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to validate access without regard to a host or network address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Nonetheless, the term "address match list" is still used
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews throughout the documentation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a given IP address or prefix is compared to an address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match list, the comparison takes place in approximately O(1)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. However, key comparisons require that the list of keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be traversed until a matching key is found, and therefore may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be somewhat slower.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used for access control, defining <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> ports, or in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>, and whether the element was negated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used as an access control list, a non-negated match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allows access and a negated match denies access. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein there is no match, access is denied. The clauses
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span>,
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span>,
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>,
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span> all use address match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists. Similarly, the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option will cause the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews server to refuse queries on any of the machine's
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews addresses which do not match the list.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Order of insertion is significant. If more than one element
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews in an ACL is found to match a given IP address or prefix,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein preference will be given to the one that came
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> in the ACL definition.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater Because of this first-match behavior, an element that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a subset of another element in the list should
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein come before the broader element, regardless of whether
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews either is negated. For example, in
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">1.2.3/24; ! 1.2.3.13;</strong></span>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews the 1.2.3.13 element is completely useless because the
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews algorithm will match any lookup for 1.2.3.13 to the 1.2.3/24
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews element. Using <span><strong class="command">! 1.2.3.13; 1.2.3/24</strong></span> fixes
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews that problem by having 1.2.3.13 blocked by the negation, but
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews all other 1.2.3.* hosts fall through.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<a name="id2573733"></a>Comment Syntax</h3></div></div></div>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 comment syntax allows for
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater comments to appear
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews anywhere that whitespace may appear in a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews file. To appeal to programmers of all kinds, they can be written
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<a name="id2573748"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">/* This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C */</pre>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">// This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C++</pre>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"># This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in common UNIX shells
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews# and perl</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2573778"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Comments may appear anywhere that whitespace may appear in
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments start with the two characters /* (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein star) and end with */ (star, slash). Because they are completely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delimited with these characters, they can be used to comment only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a portion of a line or to span multiple lines.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments cannot be nested. For example, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not valid because the entire comment ends with the first */:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">/* This is the start of a comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is still part of the comment.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater/* This is an incorrect attempt at nesting a comment. */
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater This is no longer in any comment. */
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User C++-style comments start with the two characters // (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">// This is the start of a comment. The next line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein// is a new comment, even though it is logically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein// part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Shell-style (or perl-style, if you prefer) comments start
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the character <code class="literal">#</code> (number sign)
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce and continue to the end of the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce physical line, as in C++ comments.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"># This is the start of a comment. The next line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein# is a new comment, even though it is logically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein# part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You cannot use the semicolon (`;') character
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce to start a comment such as you would in a zone file. The
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce semicolon indicates the end of a configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Configuration_File_Grammar"></a>Configuration File Grammar</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration consists of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements and comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statements end with a semicolon. Statements and comments are the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only elements that can appear without enclosing braces. Many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements contain a block of sub-statements, which are also
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce terminated with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following statements are supported:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching list, for access control and other uses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares control channels to be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein includes a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies key information for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authentication and authorization using TSIG.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies what the server logs, and where
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log messages are sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configures <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also act as a light-weight resolver daemon (<span><strong class="command">lwresd</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named masters list for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inclusion in stub and slave zone masters clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls global server configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options and sets defaults for other statements.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sets certain configuration options on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a per-server basis.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares communication channels to get access to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> statistics.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines trusted DNSSEC keys.
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span></p>
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews lists DNSSEC keys to be kept up to date
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews using RFC 5011 trust anchor maintenance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a zone.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> and
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statements may only occur once
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater configuration.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574387"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> acl-name {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address_match_list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="acl"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement assigns a symbolic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name to an address match list. It gets its name from a primary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use of address match lists: Access Control Lists (ACLs).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that an address match list's name must be defined
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> before it can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein elsewhere; no forward references are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following ACLs are built-in:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">any</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches all hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">none</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches no hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of all network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces on the system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches any host on an IPv4 or IPv6 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the system has an interface.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Some systems do not provide a way to determine the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In such a case, <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only matches the local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 addresses, just like <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User<a name="id2574577"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> }
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ unix <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> perm <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> owner <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> group <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ unix ...; ]
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User<a name="controls_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement declares control
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels to be used by system administrators to control the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation of the name server. These control channels are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility to send
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein commands to and retrieve non-DNS results from a name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater If you will only use <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> on the local host,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews using the loopback address (<code class="literal">127.0.0.1</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews or <code class="literal">::1</code>) is recommended for maximum security.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If no port is specified, port 953 is used. The asterisk
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The ability to issue commands over the control channel is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein restricted by the <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Connections to the control channel are permitted based on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>. This is for simple
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews IP address based filtering only; any <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein elements of the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <span><strong class="command">unix</strong></span> control channel is a UNIX domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein socket listening at the specified path in the file system.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Access to the socket is specified by the <span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">owner</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">group</strong></span> clauses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Note on some platforms (SunOS and Solaris) the permissions
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews (<span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>) are applied to the parent directory
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews as the permissions on the socket itself are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary authorization mechanism of the command
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews channel is the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contains a list of <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>s.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Each <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> in the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is authorized to execute commands over the control channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#rndc">Remote Name Daemon Control application</a> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#admin_tools" title="Administrative Tools">the section called “Administrative Tools”</a>)
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews for information about configuring keys in <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement is present,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will set up a default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control channel listening on the loopback address 127.0.0.1
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and its IPv6 counterpart ::1.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews In this case, and also when the <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is present but does not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to load the command channel key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the file <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">/etc</code> (or whatever <code class="varname">sysconfdir</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews was specified as when <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> was built).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews To create a <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file, run
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature was created to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews ease the transition of systems from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews which did not have digital signatures on its command channel
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews messages and thus did not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It makes it possible to use an existing <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration file in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 unchanged,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and still have <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> work the same way
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span> worked in BIND 8, simply by executing the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews command <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong> after BIND 9 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only intended to allow the backward-compatible usage of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 configuration files, this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein feature does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have a high degree of configurability. You cannot easily change
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the key name or the size of the secret, so you should make a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> with your own key if you
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews wish to change
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews those things. The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also has its
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permissions set such that only the owner of the file (the user that
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running as) can access it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein desire greater flexibility in allowing other users to access
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> commands, then you need to create
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> file and make it group
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews readable by a group
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that contains the users who should have access.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews To disable the command channel, use an empty
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">controls { };</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575073"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>;</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575090"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> statement inserts the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified file at the point where the <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is encountered. The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement facilitates the administration of configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by permitting the reading or writing of some things but not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein others. For example, the statement could include private keys
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews that are readable only by the name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575113"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em> {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews algorithm <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews secret <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<a name="id2575137"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement defines a shared
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secret key for use with TSIG (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the command channel
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement can occur at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. Keys defined in top-level <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements can be used in all views. Keys intended for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be defined at the top level.
ed38240f42ff9bc19d95669a2a4743b9ff7e7a64Tinderbox User The <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>, also known as the
ed38240f42ff9bc19d95669a2a4743b9ff7e7a64Tinderbox User key name, is a domain name uniquely identifying the key. It can
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce be used in a <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement to cause requests sent to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to be signed with this key, or in address match lists to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein verify that incoming requests have been signed with a key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this name, algorithm, and secret.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em> is a string
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that specifies a security/authentication algorithm. Named
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code> TSIG authentication.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Truncated hashes are supported by appending the minimum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of required bits preceded by a dash, e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em> is the secret
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used by the algorithm, and is treated as a base-64
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein encoded string.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575227"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> | <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> ) ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>size spec</code></em> ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>syslog_facility</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> );
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> (<code class="option">critical</code> | <code class="option">error</code> | <code class="option">warning</code> | <code class="option">notice</code> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">info</code> | <code class="option">debug</code> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em> ] | <code class="option">dynamic</code> ); ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User [ <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>category_name</code></em> {
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; [ <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; ... ]
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews<a name="id2575353"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement configures a
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User variety of logging options for the name server. Its <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associates output methods, format options and severity levels with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a name that can then be used with the <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> phrase
cf3f55777b86527d5b00bb39d661c5fe6f9625f2Automatic Updater to select how various classes of messages are logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only one <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as many channels and categories as are wanted. If there is no <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the logging configuration will be:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category unmatched { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the logging configuration
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce is only established when
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce the entire configuration file has been parsed. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, it was
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce established as soon as the <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was parsed. When the server is starting up, all logging messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regarding syntax errors in the configuration file go to the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels, or to standard error if the "<code class="option">-g</code>" option
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User was specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575405"></a>The <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All log output goes to one or more <span class="emphasis"><em>channels</em></span>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you can make as many of them as you want.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Every channel definition must include a destination clause that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein says whether messages selected for the channel go to a file, to a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein particular syslog facility, to the standard error stream, or are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discarded. It can optionally also limit the message severity level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that will be accepted by the channel (the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span>), and whether to include a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>-generated time stamp, the
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson and/or severity level (the default is not to include any).
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> destination clause
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User causes all messages sent to the channel to be discarded;
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User in that case, other options for the channel are meaningless.
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> destination clause directs
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User to a disk file. It can include limitations
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User both on how large the file is allowed to become, and how many
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User of the file will be saved each time the file is opened.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you use the <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> log file
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews option, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will retain that many backup
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein versions of the file by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renaming them when opening. For example, if you choose to keep
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three old versions
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User of the file <code class="filename">lamers.log</code>, then just
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before it is opened
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code> is renamed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.2</code>, <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code> is renamed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code>, and <code class="filename">lamers.log</code> is
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User renamed to <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You can say <span><strong class="command">versions unlimited</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the number of versions.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option is associated with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log file,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then renaming is only done when the file being opened exceeds the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated size. No backup versions are kept by default; any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log file is simply appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option for files is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to limit log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein growth. If the file ever exceeds the size, then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop writing to the file unless it has a <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with it. If backup versions are kept, the files are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein described above and a new one begun. If there is no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option, no more data will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be written to the log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein until some out-of-band mechanism removes or truncates the log to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein less than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum size. The default behavior is not to limit the size of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Example usage of the <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> options:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel an_example_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "example.log" versions 3 size 20m;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print-time yes;
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews print-category yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the system log. Its argument is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog facility as described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. Known facilities are <span><strong class="command">kern</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">user</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">mail</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">auth</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">lpr</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">news</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">uucp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">cron</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">authpriv</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ftp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local0</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local1</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local2</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local3</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local4</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local5</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local6</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local7</strong></span>, however not all facilities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all operating systems.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> will handle messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this facility is described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. If you have a system which uses a very old version of <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only uses two arguments to the <span><strong class="command">openlog()</strong></span> function,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then this clause is silently ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> clause works like <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>'s
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "priorities", except that they can also be used if you are writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein straight to a file rather than using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages which are not at least of the severity level given will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be selected for the channel; messages of higher severity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you are using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, then the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> priorities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will also determine what eventually passes through. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defining a channel facility and severity as <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only logging <span><strong class="command">daemon.warning</strong></span> via <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> will
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce cause messages of severity <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span> and
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span><strong class="command">notice</strong></span> to
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce be dropped. If the situation were reversed, with <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> writing
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce messages of only <span><strong class="command">warning</strong></span> or higher,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then <span><strong class="command">syslogd</strong></span> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print all messages it received from the channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the server's standard error stream. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use when the server is running as a foreground process, for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when debugging a configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server can supply extensive debugging information when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is in debugging mode. If the server's global debug level is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than zero, then debugging mode will be active. The global debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level is set either by starting the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the <code class="option">-d</code> flag followed by a positive integer,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or by running <span><strong class="command">rndc trace</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The global debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be set to zero, and debugging mode turned off, by running <span><strong class="command">rndc
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinnotrace</strong></span>. All debugging messages in the server have a debug
8a8a1fe98c89d0c683387b15a93b36ee7fe34b77Tinderbox User level, and higher debug levels give more detailed output. Channels
8a8a1fe98c89d0c683387b15a93b36ee7fe34b77Tinderbox User that specify a specific debug severity, for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel specific_debug_level {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity debug 3;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will get debugging output of level 3 or less any time the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server is in debugging mode, regardless of the global debugging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level. Channels with <span><strong class="command">dynamic</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's global debug level to determine what messages to print.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> has been turned on,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and time will be logged. <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified for a <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> channel,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but is usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointless since <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> also logs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. If <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requested, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category of the message will be logged as well. Finally, if <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on, then the severity level of the message will be logged. The <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in any combination, and will always be printed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order: time, category, severity. Here is an example where all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">28-Feb-2000 15:05:32.863 general: notice: running</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are four predefined channels that are used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>'s default logging as follows.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_category_phrase" title="The category Phrase">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase”</a>.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">channel default_syslog {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // send to syslog's daemon facility
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog daemon;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // only send priority info and higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Lucechannel default_debug {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce // write to named.run in the working directory
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce // Note: stderr is used instead of "named.run" if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // the server is started with the '-f' option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // log at the server's current debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity dynamic;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel default_stderr {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // writes to stderr
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // only send priority info and higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel null {
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater // toss anything sent to this channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">default_debug</strong></span> channel has the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein property that it only produces output when the server's debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein nonzero. It normally writes to a file called <code class="filename">named.run</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the server's working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For security reasons, when the "<code class="option">-u</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option is used, the <code class="filename">named.run</code> file
a3ff24aaa545c45b8c581b2127d02d735aff8881Tinderbox User is created only after <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> has
a3ff24aaa545c45b8c581b2127d02d735aff8881Tinderbox User changed to the
a3ff24aaa545c45b8c581b2127d02d735aff8881Tinderbox User new UID, and any debug output generated while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
a3ff24aaa545c45b8c581b2127d02d735aff8881Tinderbox User starting up and still running as root is discarded. If you need
a3ff24aaa545c45b8c581b2127d02d735aff8881Tinderbox User to capture this output, you must run the server with the "<code class="option">-g</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option and redirect standard error to a file.
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User Once a channel is defined, it cannot be redefined. Thus you
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User cannot alter the built-in channels directly, but you can modify
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User the default logging by pointing categories at channels you have
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<a name="the_category_phrase"></a>The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater There are many categories, so you can send the logs you want
7c0ebe385b36d64c2424dd5a3e62d441c08e7037Andreas Gustafsson to see wherever you want, without seeing logs you don't want. If
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson you don't specify a list of channels for a category, then log
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater in that category will be sent to the <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span> category
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User instead. If you don't specify a default category, the following
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater "default default" is used:
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson As an example, let's say you want to log security events to
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater a file, but you also want keep the default logging behavior. You'd
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater specify the following:
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">channel my_security_channel {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce file "my_security_file";
7c0ebe385b36d64c2424dd5a3e62d441c08e7037Andreas Gustafsson severity info;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updatercategory security {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater my_security_channel;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce default_syslog;
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User default_debug;
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User To discard all messages in a category, specify the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel:
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">category xfer-out { null; };
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox Usercategory notify { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following are the available categories and brief descriptions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the types of log information they contain. More
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein categories may be added in future <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> releases.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">default</strong></span></p>
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User The default category defines the logging
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User options for those categories where no specific
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User configuration has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">general</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The catch-all. Many things still aren't
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein classified into categories, and they all end up here.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages relating to the databases used
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User internally by the name server to store zone and cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of requests.
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson <p><span><strong class="command">config</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Configuration file parsing and processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">resolver</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS resolution, such as the recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lookups performed on behalf of clients by a caching name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-in</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is receiving.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-out</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is sending.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The NOTIFY protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">client</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Processing of client requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">unmatched</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages that <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> was unable to determine the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class of or for which there was no matching <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A one line summary is also logged to the <span><strong class="command">client</strong></span> category.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default it is sent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">network</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Network operations.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update-security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of update requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify where queries should be logged to.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At startup, specifying the category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span> will also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enable query logging unless <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> option has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The query log entry reports the client's IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address and port number, and the query name,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class and type. Next it reports whether the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Recursion Desired flag was set (+ if set, -
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if not set), if the query was signed (S),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS was in use (E), if DO (DNSSEC Ok) was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set (D), or if CD (Checking Disabled) was set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (C). After this the destination address the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query was sent to is reported.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#62536: query: www.example.com IN AAAA +SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client ::1#62537: query: www.example.net IN AAAA -SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information about queries that resulted in some
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dispatch</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dispatching of incoming packets to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server modules where they are to be processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dnssec</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC and TSIG protocol processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lame-servers</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Lame servers. These are misconfigurations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in remote servers, discovered by BIND 9 when trying to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query those servers during resolution.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></p>
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews Delegation only. Logs queries that have been
919c99b7a47dadd4564eb2b48be2f59216d932fcAutomatic Updater forced to NXDOMAIN as the result of a
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews delegation-only zone or a
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span> in a hint
53e1e7cec5604690162419b26fdb3d628a0c4313Tinderbox User or stub zone declaration.
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">edns-disabled</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Log queries that have been forced to use plain
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater DNS due to timeouts. This is often due to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the remote servers not being RFC 1034 compliant
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (not always returning FORMERR or similar to
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater EDNS queries and other extensions to the DNS
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater when they are not understood). In other words, this is
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater targeted at servers that fail to respond to
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater DNS queries that they don't understand.
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater Note: the log message can also be due to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein packet loss. Before reporting servers for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-RFC 1034 compliance they should be re-tested
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to determine the nature of the non-compliance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This testing should prevent or reduce the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater number of false-positive reports.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Note: eventually <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will have to stop
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater treating such timeouts as due to RFC 1034 non
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater compliance and start treating it as plain
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater packet loss. Falsely classifying packet
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater loss as due to RFC 1034 non compliance impacts
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater on DNSSEC validation which requires EDNS for
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the DNSSEC records to be returned.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576901"></a>The <span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span> Category</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span> category is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifically intended for debugging purposes: To identify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein why and how specific queries result in responses which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicate an error.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages of this category are therefore only logged
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> levels.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At the debug levels of 1 or higher, each response with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rcode of SERVFAIL is logged as follows:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#61502: query failed (SERVFAIL) for www.example.com/IN/AAAA at query.c:3880</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This means an error resulting in SERVFAIL was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein detected at line 3880 of source file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Log messages of this level will particularly
cbf7f1435f332b31f51a98611ccbfcd07c42c032Automatic Updater help identify the cause of SERVFAIL for an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At the debug levels of 2 or higher, detailed context
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information of recursive resolutions that resulted in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SERVFAIL is logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The log message will look like as follows:
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox Userfetch completed at resolver.c:2970 for www.example.com/A
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox Userin 30.000183: timed out/success [domain:example.com,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinreferral:2,restart:7,qrysent:8,timeout:5,lame:0,neterr:0,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinbadresp:1,adberr:0,findfail:0,valfail:0]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews The first part before the colon shows that a recursive
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews resolution for AAAA records of www.example.com completed
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews in 30.000183 seconds and the final result that led to the
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews SERVFAIL was determined at line 2970 of source file
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews The following part shows the detected final result and the
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews latest result of DNSSEC validation.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews The latter is always success when no validation attempt
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews In this example, this query resulted in SERVFAIL probably
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews because all name servers are down or unreachable, leading
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews to a timeout in 30 seconds.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews DNSSEC validation was probably not attempted.
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews The last part enclosed in square brackets shows statistics
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews information collected for this particular resolution
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews The <code class="varname">domain</code> field shows the deepest zone
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater that the resolver reached;
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews it is the zone where the error was finally detected.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews The meaning of the other fields is summarized in the
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews following table.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">referral</code></p>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The number of referrals the resolver received
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater throughout the resolution process.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater In the above example this is 2, which are most
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The number of cycles that the resolver tried
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User remote servers at the <code class="varname">domain</code>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User In each cycle the resolver sends one query
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User (possibly resending it, depending on the response)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User to each known name server of
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The number of queries the resolver sent at the
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User The number of timeouts since the resolver
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User received the last response.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of lame servers the resolver detected
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater A server is detected to be lame either by an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater invalid response or as a result of lookup in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater BIND9's address database (ADB), where lame
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater servers are cached.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">neterr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of erroneous results that the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver encountered in sending queries
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case is the remote server is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater unreachable and the resolver receives an ICMP
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater unreachable error message.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">badresp</code></p>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The number of unexpected responses (other than
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <code class="varname">lame</code>) to queries sent by the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater resolver at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">adberr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures in finding remote server addresses
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater of the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone in the ADB.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case of this is that the remote
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater server's name does not have any address records.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">findfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of resolving remote server addresses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is a total number of failures throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">valfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of DNSSEC validation.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Validation failures are counted throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process (not limited to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone), but should
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater only happen in <code class="varname">domain</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 3 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 1 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Note that negative responses such as NXDOMAIN are not
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater regarded as errors here.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 4 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 2 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Unlike the above case of level 3, messages are logged for
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater negative responses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is because any unexpected results can be difficult to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater debug in the recursion case.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2577420"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> {
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> listen-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ;
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> view <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> search { <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ndots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2577494"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statement configures the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater server to also act as a lightweight resolver server. (See
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#lwresd" title="Running a Resolver Daemon">the section called “Running a Resolver Daemon”</a>.) There may be multiple
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statements configuring
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater lightweight resolver servers with different properties.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statement specifies a
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater addresses (and ports) that this instance of a lightweight resolver
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater should accept requests on. If no port is specified, port 921 is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If this statement is omitted, requests will be accepted on
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement binds this
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater lightweight resolver daemon to a view in the DNS namespace, so that
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater response will be constructed in the same manner as a normal DNS
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater matching this view. If this statement is omitted, the default view
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater used, and if there is no default view, an error is triggered.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It provides a
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater list of domains
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater which are appended to relative names in queries.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It indicates the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater number of dots in a relative domain name that should result in an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater exact match lookup before search path elements are appended.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2577558"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> |
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] };
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2577602"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater lists allow for a common set of masters to be easily used by
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater multiple stub and slave zones.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2577617"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> {
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> attach-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> version <em class="replaceable"><code>version_string</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> hostname <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname_string</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> server-id <em class="replaceable"><code>server_id_string</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> named-xfer <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-credential <em class="replaceable"><code>principal</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-domain <em class="replaceable"><code>domainname</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-dhkey <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_tag</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> cache-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dump-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> bindkeys-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> memstatistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> memstatistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> pid-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> recursing-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> statistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> auth-nxdomain <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> deallocate-on-exit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> fake-iquery <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> fetch-glue <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> flush-zones-on-shutdown <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> has-old-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> host-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> host-statistics-max <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> minimal-responses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> multiple-cnames <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> recursion <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> rfc2308-type1 <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-id-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences (<em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <code class="constant">master</code> | <code class="constant">slave</code>); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-validation <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnssec-lookaside ( <em class="replaceable"><code>auto</code></em> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> trust-anchor <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-must-be-secure <em class="replaceable"><code>domain yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-accept-expired <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward ( <em class="replaceable"><code>only</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>first</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dual-stack-servers [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] {
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User ( <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ) ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ... }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names ( <em class="replaceable"><code>master</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>slave</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>response</code></em> )
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-mx ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
4e243fdc6b33a6371208b48d64912d8e327b4f5cAndreas Gustafsson [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-srv-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-sibling <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;</span>]
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-v6-synthesis { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> blackhole { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> avoid-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> avoid-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> listen-on [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> listen-on-v6 [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] ) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] ) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tcp-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> reserved-sockets <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> recursive-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> serial-query-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> serial-queries <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tcp-listen-queue <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-per-ns <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ;
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> coresize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> datasize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> files <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> stacksize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> heartbeat-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> interface-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> statistics-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> topology { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> sortlist { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> rrset-order { <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; ... </span>] </span>] };
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> lame-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-ncache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-cache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-roots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> treat-cr-as-space <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em>; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> additional-from-auth <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> additional-from-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> random-device <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-cache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> match-mapped-addresses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> preferred-glue ( <em class="replaceable"><code>A</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>AAAA</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>NONE</code></em> ); </span>]
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> root-delegation-only [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> querylog <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> disable-algorithms <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>;
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> acache-cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-acache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> empty-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> empty-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> empty-zones-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> disable-empty-zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> ; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-addresses { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-aliases { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater<a name="options"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement sets up global
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews to be used by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>. This statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may appear only
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User once in a configuration file. If there is no <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, an options block with each option set to its default will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allows multiple views to share a single cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each view has its own cache database by default, but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if multiple views have the same operational policy
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for name resolution and caching, those views can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein share a single cache to save memory and possibly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein improve resolution efficiency by using this option.
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User may also be specified in <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User statements, in which case it overrides the
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User global <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em> specifies
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater the cache to be shared.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User When the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server configures
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein views which are supposed to share a cache, it
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater creates a cache with the specified name for the
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater first view of these sharing views.
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater The rest of the views will simply refer to the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater already created cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One common configuration to share a cache would be to
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User allow all views to share a single cache.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User This can be done by specifying
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> as a global
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User option with an arbitrary name.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Another possible operation is to allow a subset of
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater all views to share a cache while the others to
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews retain their own caches.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, if there are three views A, B, and C,
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews and only A and B should share a cache, specify the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option as a view A (or
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews B)'s option, referring to the other view name:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // this view has its own cache
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews // this view refers to A's cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein attach-cache "A";
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // this view has its own cache
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater Views that share a cache must have the same policy
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater on configurable parameters that may affect caching.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater The current implementation requires the following
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater configurable options be consistent among these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span>,
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span>,
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span>.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Note that there may be other parameters that may
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews cause confusion if they are inconsistent for
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User different views that share a single cache.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User For example, if these views define different sets of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews forwarders that can return different answers for the
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User same question, sharing the answer does not make
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User sense or could even be harmful.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews It is administrator's responsibility to ensure
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User configuration differences in different views do
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User not cause disruption with a shared cache.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">directory</strong></span></span></dt>
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews The working directory of the server.
b3c2030de4cc02b8e881ca4e6f62b385d4b41b0fAutomatic Updater Any non-absolute pathnames in the configuration file will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as relative to this directory. The default location for most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein output files (e.g. <code class="filename">named.run</code>)
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater is this directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a directory is not specified, the working directory
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User defaults to `<code class="filename">.</code>', the directory from
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User which the server
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User was started. The directory specified should be an absolute
199045f81d2c312411fc0d6a6f8dc56968daa679Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User When performing dynamic update of secure zones, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein directory where the public and private DNSSEC key files
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be found, if different than the current working
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein directory. The directory specified must be an absolute
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein path. (Note that this option has no effect on the paths
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for files containing non-DNSSEC keys such as
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete.</em></span> It
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to specify
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User the pathname to the <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User program. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, no separate
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span> program is needed;
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater its functionality is built into the name server.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-gssapi-credential</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The security credential with which the server should
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authenticate keys requested by the GSS-TSIG protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Currently only Kerberos 5 authentication is available
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the credential is a Kerberos principal which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server can acquire through the default system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key file, normally <code class="filename">/etc/krb5.keytab</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Normally this principal is of the form
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "<strong class="userinput"><code>dns/</code></strong><code class="varname">server.domain</code>".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To use GSS-TSIG, <span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must also be set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The domain appended to the names of all shared keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generated with <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. When a
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User client requests a <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span> exchange,
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User it may or may not specify the desired name for the
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User key. If present, the name of the shared key will
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater be <code class="varname">client specified part</code> +
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>. Otherwise, the
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater name of the shared key will be <code class="varname">random hex
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater digits</code> + <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In most cases, the <span><strong class="command">domainname</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be the server's domain name, or an otherwise
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-existent subdomain like
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "_tkey.<code class="varname">domainname</code>". If you are
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User using GSS-TSIG, this variable must be defined.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-dhkey</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Diffie-Hellman key used by the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to generate shared keys with clients using the Diffie-Hellman
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User of <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. The server must be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein able to load the
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User public and private keys from files in the working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein most cases, the keyname should be the server's host name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cache-file</strong></span></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater This is for testing only. Do not use.
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dump-file</strong></span></span></dt>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater The pathname of the file the server dumps
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater the database to when instructed to do so with
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc dumpdb</strong></span>.
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named_dump.db</code>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater The pathname of the file the server writes memory
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater usage statistics to on exit. If not specified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default is <code class="filename">named.memstats</code>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pid-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in. If not specified, the default is
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code>.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The PID file is used by programs that want to send signals to
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User name server. Specifying <span><strong class="command">pid-file none</strong></span> disables the
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews use of a PID file — no file will be written and any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein existing one will be removed. Note that <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a keyword, not a filename, and therefore is not enclosed
a17033f2c453688fde9719bced70b44553431759Tinderbox User double quotes.
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursing-file</strong></span></span></dt>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User The pathname of the file the server dumps
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews the queries that are currently recursing when instructed
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews to do so with <span><strong class="command">rndc recursing</strong></span>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.recursing</code>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server appends statistics
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater to when instructed to do so using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.stats</code> in the
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User server's current directory. The format of the file is
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">bindkeys-file</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The pathname of a file to override the built-in trusted
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User keys provided by named. See the discussion of
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> for details.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User If not specified, the default is
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code>.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The pathname of the file into which to write a TSIG
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User session key generated by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> for use by
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span>. If not specified, the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User default is <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>.
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User (See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>, and in
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User particular the discussion of the
3e240d6559605696cadf630668683708b18de871Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement's
3e240d6559605696cadf630668683708b18de871Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong> option for more
3e240d6559605696cadf630668683708b18de871Tinderbox User information about this feature.)
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyname</strong></span></span></dt>
3e240d6559605696cadf630668683708b18de871Tinderbox User The key name to use for the TSIG session key.
871ab4edd87bc1c047658c3e2b92c629c58dbb38Tinderbox User If not specified, the default is "local-ddns".
871ab4edd87bc1c047658c3e2b92c629c58dbb38Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyalg</strong></span></span></dt>
871ab4edd87bc1c047658c3e2b92c629c58dbb38Tinderbox User The algorithm to use for the TSIG session key.
871ab4edd87bc1c047658c3e2b92c629c58dbb38Tinderbox User Valid values are hmac-sha1, hmac-sha224, hmac-sha256,
0c487f4b6eade1440ea40f5a5ffc9b5fd4c41ed1Mark Andrews hmac-sha384, hmac-sha512 and hmac-md5. If not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, the default is hmac-sha256.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file into which to write a session TSIG
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key for use by <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span>. (See the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discussion of the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement's <strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong> option for more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein details on this feature.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">port</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein receiving and sending DNS protocol traffic.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 53. This option is mainly intended for server
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater a server using a port other than 53 will not be able to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater communicate with
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the global DNS.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The source of entropy to be used by the server. Entropy is
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater primarily needed
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater for DNSSEC operations, such as TKEY transactions and dynamic
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater update of signed
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater zones. This options specifies the device (or file) from which
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater entropy. If this is a file, operations requiring entropy will
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater file has been exhausted. If not specified, the default value
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater (or equivalent) when present, and none otherwise. The
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span> option takes
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the initial configuration load at server startup time and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater is ignored on subsequent reloads.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">preferred-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If specified, the listed type (A or AAAA) will be emitted
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater before other glue
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater in the additional section of a query response.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The default is not to prefer any type (NONE).
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<a name="root_delegation_only"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></span>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Turn on enforcement of delegation-only in TLDs
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater (top level domains) and root zones with an optional
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater DS queries are expected to be made to and be answered by
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater delegation only zones. Such queries and responses are
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater treated as an exception to delegation-only processing
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater and are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses provided
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater a CNAME is not discovered at the query name.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If a delegation only zone server also serves a child
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater zone it is not always possible to determine whether
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater an answer comes from the delegation only zone or the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater child zone. SOA NS and DNSKEY records are apex
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater only records and a matching response that contains
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater these records or DS is treated as coming from a
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater child zone. RRSIG records are also examined to see
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater if they are signed by a child zone or not. The
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater authority section is also examined to see if there
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater is evidence that the answer is from the child zone.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Answers that are determined to be from a child zone
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses. Despite
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater all these checks there is still a possibility of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater false negatives when a child zone is being served.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Similarly false positives can arise from empty nodes
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater (no records at the name) in the delegation only zone
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater when the query type is not ANY.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Note some TLDs are not delegation only (e.g. "DE", "LV",
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater "US" and "MUSEUM"). This list is not exhaustive.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater root-delegation-only exclude { "de"; "lv"; "us"; "museum"; };
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Disable the specified DNSSEC algorithms at and below the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater specified name.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Multiple <span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater statements are allowed.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Only the most specific will be applied.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When set, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> provides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein validator with an alternate method to validate DNSKEY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records at the top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below a domain specified by the deepest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>, and the normal dnssec
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein validation has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be append to the key name and a DLV record will be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews looked up to see if it can validate the key. If the DLV
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record validates a DNSKEY (similarly to the way a DS record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein does) the DNSKEY RRset is deemed to be trusted.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User "auto", then built-in default values for
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User the domain and trust anchor will be used, along
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User with a built-in key for validation.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User NOTE: Since the built-in key may expire, it can be
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User overridden without recompiling named by placing a new key
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User in the file <code class="filename">bind.keys</code>.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-must-be-secure</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify hierarchies which must be or may not be secure
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (signed and validated). If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will only accept answers if
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater they are secure. If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then normal
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater DNSSEC validation applies allowing for insecure answers to
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater be accepted. The specified domain must be under a
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> or
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, or
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> must be active.
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User<a name="boolean_options"></a>Boolean Options</h4></div></div></div>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span></span></dt>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the <span><strong class="command">AA</strong></span> bit
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User is always set on NXDOMAIN responses, even if the server is
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User authoritative. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>;
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User a change from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8. If you
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User are using very old DNS software, you
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User may need to set it to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">deallocate-on-exit</strong></span></span></dt>
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User 8 to enable checking
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User for memory leaks on exit. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option and always performs
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics</strong></span></span></dt>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User Write memory statistics to the file specified by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span> at exit.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> unless
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews '-m record' is specified on the command line in
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews which case it is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater server treats all zones as if they are doing zone transfers
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater a dial-on-demand dialup link, which can be brought up by
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater originating from this server. This has different effects
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater to zone type and concentrates the zone maintenance so that
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews happens in a short interval, once every <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> and
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews hopefully during the one call. It also suppresses some of
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews zone maintenance traffic. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> option
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater may also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> and
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements,
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater in which case it overrides the global <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the zone is a master zone, then the server will send out a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein request to all the slaves (default). This should trigger the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews number check in the slave (providing it supports NOTIFY)
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews allowing the slave
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews to verify the zone while the connection is active.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The set of servers to which NOTIFY is sent can be controlled
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews zone is a slave or stub zone, then the server will suppress
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews "zone up to date" (refresh) queries and only perform them
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> expires in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addition to sending
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NOTIFY requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Finer control can be achieved by using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong> which only sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong> which sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein suppresses the normal refresh queries, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which suppresses normal refresh processing and sends refresh
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews when the <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span>
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews expires, and
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong> which just disables normal
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User normal refresh
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User heart-beat refresh
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User heart-beat notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> (default)</p>
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span></p>
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">refresh</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify-passive</strong></span></p>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Note that normal NOTIFY processing is not affected by
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fake-iquery</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater enabled simulating the obsolete DNS query type
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater IQUERY. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 never does
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater IQUERY simulation.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater This option is obsolete.
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater In BIND 8, <strong class="userinput"><code>fetch-glue yes</code></strong>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater caused the server to attempt to fetch glue resource records
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater didn't have when constructing the additional
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater data section of a response. This is now considered a bad
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater and BIND 9 never does it.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater When the nameserver exits due receiving SIGTERM,
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater flush or do not flush any pending zone writes. The default
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater This option was incorrectly implemented
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, and is ignored by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater To achieve the intended effect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the two separate options <span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> instead.
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, this enables keeping of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statistics for every host that the name server interacts
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">maintain-ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User It was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User determine whether a transaction log was
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User kept for Incremental Zone Transfer. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains a transaction
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User log whenever possible. If you need to disable outgoing
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User incremental zone
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User transfers, use <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">minimal-responses</strong></span></span></dt>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when generating
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User responses the server will only add records to the authority
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User and additional data sections when they are required (e.g.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User delegations, negative responses). This may improve the
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User performance of the server.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multiple-cnames</strong></span></span></dt>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to allow
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User a domain name to have multiple CNAME records in violation of
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User the DNS standards. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.2 onwards
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User always strictly enforces the CNAME rules both in master
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User files and dynamic updates.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> (the default),
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater DNS NOTIFY messages are sent when a zone the server is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater authoritative for
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater changes, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#notify" title="Notify">the section called “Notify”</a>. The messages are
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater servers listed in the zone's NS records (except the master
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater server identified
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater in the SOA MNAME field), and to any servers listed in the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> option.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>master-only</code></strong>, notifies are only
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater for master zones.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>explicit</code></strong>, notifies are sent only
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater servers explicitly listed using <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, no notifies are sent.
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> option may also be
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater in which case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options notify</strong></span> statement.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater It would only be necessary to turn off this option if it
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> do not check the nameservers
e31a258ca6ef845faf483fa8f04921e8841d3213Tinderbox User in the NS RRset against the SOA MNAME. Normally a NOTIFY
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater message is not sent to the SOA MNAME (SOA ORIGIN) as it is
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater supposed to contain the name of the ultimate master.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater Sometimes, however, a slave is listed as the SOA MNAME in
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater hidden master configurations and in that case you would
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater want the ultimate master to still send NOTIFY messages to
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater all the nameservers listed in the NS RRset.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, and a
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater DNS query requests recursion, then the server will attempt
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater all the work required to answer the query. If recursion is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater and the server does not already know the answer, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referral response. The default is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater Note that setting <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> does not prevent
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater clients from getting data from the server's cache; it only
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater prevents new data from being cached as an effect of client
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater Caching may still occur as an effect the server's internal
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater operation, such as NOTIFY address lookups.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater See also <span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span> above.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span></span></dt>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Setting this to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> will
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater cause the server to send NS records along with the SOA
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater record for negative
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater answers. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Not yet implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-id-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 always allocates query
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater IDs from a pool.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will collect
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater statistical data on all zones (unless specifically turned
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater on a per-zone basis by specifying <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics no</strong></span>
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement).
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater These statistics may be accessed
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>, which will
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater dump them to the file listed
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater in the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span>. See
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User also <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater If you need to disable IXFR to a particular server or
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater the information on the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Usage”</a>.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#incremental_zone_transfers" title="Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)">the section called “Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)”</a>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater See the description of
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> in
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Usage”</a>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater See the description of
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> in
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Usage”</a>.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">treat-cr-as-space</strong></span></span></dt>
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater the server treat carriage return ("<span><strong class="command">\r</strong></span>") characters the same way
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater as a space or tab character,
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater to facilitate loading of zone files on a UNIX system that
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater were generated
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater on an NT or DOS machine. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, both UNIX "<span><strong class="command">\n</strong></span>"
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater and NT/DOS "<span><strong class="command">\r\n</strong></span>" newlines
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater are always accepted,
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater and the option is ignored.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-auth</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span></span>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater These options control the behavior of an authoritative
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User answering queries which have additional data, or when
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User following CNAME
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User and DNAME chains.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User When both of these options are set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User (the default) and a
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User query is being answered from authoritative data (a zone
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User configured into the server), the additional data section of
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User reply will be filled in using data from other authoritative
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User and from the cache. In some situations this is undesirable,
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater as when there is concern over the correctness of the cache,
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater in servers where slave zones may be added and modified by
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater untrusted third parties. Also, avoiding
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater the search for this additional data will speed up server
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater at the possible expense of additional queries to resolve
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater otherwise be provided in the additional section.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater For example, if a query asks for an MX record for host <code class="literal">foo.example.com</code>,
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater and the record found is "<code class="literal">MX 10 mail.example.net</code>", normally the address
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater records (A and AAAA) for <code class="literal">mail.example.net</code> will be provided as well,
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater if known, even though they are not in the example.com zone.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater Setting these options to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater disables this behavior and makes
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater the server only search for additional data in the zone it
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater These options are intended for use in authoritative-only
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater servers, or in authoritative-only views. Attempts to set
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater them to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> without also
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> will cause the
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater ignore the options and log a warning message.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater Specifying <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span> actually
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User disables the use of the cache not only for additional data
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User but also when looking up the answer. This is usually the
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User behavior in an authoritative-only server where the
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User correctness of
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User the cached data is an issue.
6478b87fd23bcd3ab74c25b261021fe19a239c4fTinderbox User When a name server is non-recursively queried for a name
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User below the apex of any served zone, it normally answers with
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User "upwards referral" to the root servers or the servers of
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User known parent of the query name. Since the data in an
8402f7bfea6ee33172c27e95965460b9c4e1b4daTinderbox User upwards referral
8402f7bfea6ee33172c27e95965460b9c4e1b4daTinderbox User comes from the cache, the server will not be able to provide
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User referrals when <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span>
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User has been specified. Instead, it will respond to such
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User with REFUSED. This should not cause any problems since
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User upwards referrals are not required for the resolution
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">match-mapped-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User IPv4-mapped IPv6 address will match any address match
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User list entries that match the corresponding IPv4 address.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User This option was introduced to work around a kernel quirk
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User in some operating systems that causes IPv4 TCP
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User connections, such as zone transfers, to be accepted on an
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User IPv6 socket using mapped addresses. This caused address
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User match lists designed for IPv4 to fail to match. However,
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> now solves this problem
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User internally. The use of this option is discouraged.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
6478b87fd23bcd3ab74c25b261021fe19a239c4fTinderbox User When <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and the server loads a new version of a master
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User zone from its zone file or receives a new version of a slave
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User file by a non-incremental zone transfer, it will compare
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User the new version to the previous one and calculate a set
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User of differences. The differences are then logged in the
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User zone's journal file such that the changes can be transmitted
78ec962d9828200d18cd0e41b7d6b9792a74923dTinderbox User to downstream slaves as an incremental zone transfer.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User By allowing incremental zone transfers to be used for
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User non-dynamic zones, this option saves bandwidth at the
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User expense of increased CPU and memory consumption at the
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User In particular, if the new version of a zone is completely
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User different from the previous one, the set of differences
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User will be of a size comparable to the combined size of the
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User old and new zone version, and the server will need to
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User temporarily allocate memory to hold this complete
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User difference set.
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User also accepts <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> at the view and options
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User levels which causes
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> to be enabled for
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User all <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> or
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones respectively.
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User It is off by default.
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User addresses refer to different machines. If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User when the serial number on the master is less than what <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User has. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User Enable DNSSEC support in <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. Unless set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> behaves as if it does not support DNSSEC.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span></span></dt>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Enable DNSSEC validation in <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Note <span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> to be effective.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span></span></dt>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Accept expired signatures when verifying DNSSEC signatures.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Setting this option to "yes" leaves <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> vulnerable to replay attacks.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span></span></dt>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Specify whether query logging should be started when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> is not specified,
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User then the query logging
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User is determined by the presence of the logging category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span>.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User This option is used to restrict the character set and syntax
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User from the network. The default varies according to usage
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones the default
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User For answers received from the network (<span><strong class="command">response</strong></span>)
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User the default is <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User The rules for legal hostnames and mail domains are derived
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User from RFC 952 and RFC 821 as modified by RFC 1123.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User applies to the owner names of A, AAAA and MX records.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User It also applies to the domain names in the RDATA of NS, SOA,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User MX, and SRV records.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User It also applies to the RDATA of PTR records where the owner
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User name indicated that it is a reverse lookup of a hostname
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User (the owner name ends in IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA, or IP6.INT).
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Check whether the MX record appears to refer to a IP address.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>. Other possible
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User values are <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span> and
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User This option is used to check for non-terminal wildcards.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User The use of non-terminal wildcards is almost always as a
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User result of a failure
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein affects master zones. The default (<span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>) is to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for non-terminal wildcards and issue a warning.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Perform post load zone integrity checks on master
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User zones. This checks that MX and SRV records refer
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User to address (A or AAAA) records and that glue
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User address records exist for delegated zones. For
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User MX and SRV records only in-zone hostnames are
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User checked (for out-of-zone hostnames use
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>).
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User For NS records only names below top of zone are
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User checked (for out-of-zone names and glue consistency
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User checks use <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>).
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater fail, warn or ignore MX records that refer
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-srv-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail, warn or ignore SRV records that refer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews When performing integrity checks, also check that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sibling glue exists. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When returning authoritative negative responses to
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews SOA queries set the TTL of the SOA record returned in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the authority section to zero.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews When caching a negative response to a SOA query
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater set the TTL to zero.
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews When regenerating the RRSIGs following a UPDATE
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein request to a secure zone, check the KSK flag on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the DNSKEY RR to determine if this key should be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to generate the RRSIG. This flag is ignored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if there are not DNSKEY RRs both with and without
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Try to refresh the zone using TCP if UDP queries fail.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For BIND 8 compatibility, the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow a zone to transition from secure to insecure by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein deleting all DNSKEY records. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582228"></a>Forwarding</h4></div></div></div>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name servers. It can also be used to allow queries by servers that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein do not have direct access to the Internet, but wish to look up
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein names anyway. Forwarding occurs only on those queries for which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server is not authoritative and does not have the answer in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is only meaningful if the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarders list is not empty. A value of <code class="varname">first</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default, causes the server to query the forwarders
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein first — and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if that doesn't answer the question, the server will then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the answer itself. If <code class="varname">only</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server will only query the forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the IP addresses to be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for forwarding. The default is the empty list (no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarding).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Forwarding can also be configured on a per-domain basis, allowing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the global forwarding options to be overridden in a variety
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of ways. You can set particular domains to use different
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or have a different <span><strong class="command">forward only/first</strong></span> behavior,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or not forward at all, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statement Grammar”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582286"></a>Dual-stack Servers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein problems in reachability due the lack of support for either IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the host machine.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies host names or addresses of machines with access to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both IPv4 and IPv6 transports. If a hostname is used, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server must be able
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to resolve the name using only the transport it has. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein machine is dual
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stacked, then the <span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span> have no effect unless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein access to a transport has been disabled on the command line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (e.g. <span><strong class="command">named -4</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="access_control"></a>Access Control</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Access to the server can be restricted based on the IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the requesting system. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a> for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein details on how to specify IP address lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein notify this server, a slave, of zone changes in addition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the zone masters.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> may also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement, in which case
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. It is only meaningful
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a slave zone. If not specified, the default is to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein process notify messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only from a zone's master.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to ask ordinary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS questions. <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which case it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-query</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from all hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is now
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to specify access to the cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which local addresses can accept ordinary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS questions. This makes it possible, for instance,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to allow queries on internal-facing interfaces but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disallow them on external-facing ones, without
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein necessarily knowing the internal network's addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which case it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-query-on</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on all addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to specify access to the cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to get answers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the cache. If <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not set then <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used if set unless <span><strong class="command">recursion no;</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set in which case <span><strong class="command">none;</strong></span> is used,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise the default (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which local addresses can give answers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the cache. If not specified, the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to allow cache queries on any address,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to make recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries through this server. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span> is not set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used if set, otherwise the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which local addresses can accept recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries. If not specified, the default is to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursive queries on all addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein submit Dynamic DNS updates for master zones. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein updates from all hosts. Note that allowing updates based
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the requestor's IP address is insecure; see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a> for details.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein submit Dynamic DNS updates to slave zones to be forwarded to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein master. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means that no update forwarding will be performed. To
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein update forwarding, specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>allow-update-forwarding { any; };</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying values other than <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>{ any; }</code></strong> is usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein counterproductive, since
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the responsibility for update access control should rest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein master server, not the slaves.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that enabling the update forwarding feature on a slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may expose master servers relying on insecure IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein access control to attacks; see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for more details.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-v6-synthesis</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was introduced for the smooth transition from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to A6 and from "nibble labels" to binary labels.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, since both A6 and binary labels were then
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews this option was also deprecated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is now ignored with some warning messages.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User Specifies which hosts are allowed to
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User receive zone transfers from the server. <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> may
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User statement, in which
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options allow-transfer</strong></span> statement.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User If not specified, the default is to allow transfers to all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a list of addresses that the
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews server will not accept queries from or use to resolve a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query. Queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from these addresses will not be responded to. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582929"></a>Interfaces</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from may be specified using the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option. <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> takes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an optional port and an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will listen on all interfaces allowed by the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match list. If a port is not specified, port 53 will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statements are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on { 5.6.7.8; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will enable the name server on port 53 for the IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 5.6.7.8, and on port 1234 of an address on the machine in net
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews 1.2 that is not 1.2.3.4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> is specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server will listen on port 53 on all IPv4 interfaces.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the interfaces and the ports on which the server will
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for incoming queries sent using IPv6.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server does not bind a separate socket to each IPv6 interface
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address as it does for IPv4 if the operating system has enough API
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein support for IPv6 (specifically if it conforms to RFC 3493 and RFC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it listens on the IPv6 wildcard address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the system only has incomplete API support for IPv6, however,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the behavior is the same as that for IPv4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of particular IPv6 addresses can also be specified, in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server listens on a separate socket for each specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regardless of whether the desired API is supported by the system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> options can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinlisten-on-v6 port 1234 { !2001:db8::/32; any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will enable the name server on port 53 for any IPv6 addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (with a single wildcard socket),
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews and on port 1234 of IPv6 addresses that is not in the prefix
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews 2001:db8::/32 (with separate sockets for each matched address.)
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews To make the server not listen on any IPv6 address, use
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { none; };
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews specified, the server will not listen on any IPv6 address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unless <span><strong class="command">-6</strong></span> is specified when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein invoked. If <span><strong class="command">-6</strong></span> is specified then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will listen on port 53 on all IPv6 interfaces by default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="query_address"></a>Query Address</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the server doesn't know the answer to a question, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query other name servers. <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the address and port used for such queries. For queries sent over
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6, there is a separate <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">address</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> (asterisk) or is omitted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a wildcard IP address (<span><strong class="command">INADDR_ANY</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> or is omitted,
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User a random port number from a pre-configured
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User range is picked up and will be used for each query.
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User The port range(s) is that specified in
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv4)
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User and <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv6)
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User options, excluding the ranges specified in
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User and <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options, respectively.
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User The defaults of the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
bd9a66d553962387bf36ada994e3658fa16f5639Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> options
aa6c5a3e331958d3c92c2facdbd2b8daa55b5959Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">query-source address * port *;
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox Userquery-source-v6 address * port *;
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> or
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> is unspecified,
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will check if the operating
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User system provides a programming interface to retrieve the
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User system's default range for ephemeral ports.
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User If such an interface is available,
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will use the corresponding system
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User default range; otherwise, it will use its own defaults:
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">use-v4-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox Useruse-v6-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User Note: make sure the ranges be sufficiently large for
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User security. A desirable size depends on various parameters,
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User but we generally recommend it contain at least 16384 ports
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User (14 bits of entropy).
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User Note also that the system's default range when used may be
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User too small for this purpose, and that the range may even be
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User changed while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running; the new
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User range will automatically be applied when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User It is encouraged to
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User configure <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> explicitly so that the
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User ranges are sufficiently large and are reasonably
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User independent from the ranges used by other applications.
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User Note: the operational configuration
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User where <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs may prohibit the use
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User of some ports. For example, UNIX systems will not allow
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> running without a root privilege
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User to use ports less than 1024.
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User If such ports are included in the specified (or detected)
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User set of query ports, the corresponding query attempts will
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User fail, resulting in resolution failures or delay.
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User It is therefore important to configure the set of ports
95d0bdf2b427478c4a8ed8e06f9e316c7880140eTinderbox User that can be safely used in the expected operational environment.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User The defaults of the <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">avoid-v4-udp-ports {};
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinavoid-v6-udp-ports {};
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: BIND 9.5.0 introduced
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option to support a pool of such random ports, but this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option is now obsolete because reusing the same ports in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the pool may not be sufficiently secure.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For the same reason, it is generally strongly discouraged to
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews specify a particular port for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> options;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it implicitly disables the use of randomized port numbers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews This option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-ports</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The address specified in the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used for both UDP and TCP queries, but the port applies only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to UDP queries. TCP queries always use a random
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unprivileged port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See also <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>.
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User<a name="zone_transfers"></a>Zone Transfers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> has mechanisms in place to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein facilitate zone transfers
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews and set limits on the amount of load that transfers place on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system. The following options apply to zone transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Defines a global list of IP addresses of name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are also sent NOTIFY messages whenever a fresh copy of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is loaded, in addition to the servers listed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone's NS records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This helps to ensure that copies of the zones will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein quickly converge on stealth servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Optionally, a port may be specified with each
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> address to send
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the notify messages to a port other than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default of 53.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If an <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is given in a <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will override
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">options also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. When a <span><strong class="command">zone notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>, the IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses in the global <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be sent NOTIFY messages for that zone. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list (no global notification list).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (1 hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Slave servers will periodically query master servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to find out if zone serial numbers have changed. Each such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a minute amount of the slave server's network bandwidth. To
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein amount of bandwidth used, BIND 9 limits the rate at which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sent. The value of the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an integer, is the maximum number of queries sent per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 20.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the maximum number of concurrent serial number queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed to be outstanding at any given time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein BIND 9 does not limit the number of outstanding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein serial queries and ignores the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it limits the rate at which the queries are sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as defined using the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers can be sent using two different formats,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the master server to determine which format it sends.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> uses one DNS message per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource record transferred.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs as many resource
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater records as possible into a message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is more efficient, but is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only supported by relatively new slave servers,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein such as <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater 8.x and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.5 onwards.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> format is also supported by
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater recent Microsoft Windows nameservers.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> may be overridden on a
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span></span></dt>
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater that can be running concurrently. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span> may
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater speed up the convergence
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater of slave zones, but it also may increase the load on the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-out</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The maximum number of outbound zone transfers
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater that can be running concurrently. Zone transfer requests in
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater of the limit will be refused. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater that can be concurrently transferring from a given remote
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater The default value is <code class="literal">2</code>.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater speed up the convergence of slave zones, but it also may
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater the load on the remote name server. <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> may
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater be overridden on a per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> phrase
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater of the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater determines which local address will be bound to IPv4
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User TCP connections used to fetch zones transferred
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User inbound by the server. It also determines the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater source IPv4 address, and optionally the UDP port,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater used for the refresh queries and forwarded dynamic
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater updates. If not set, it defaults to a system
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater controlled value which will usually be the address
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater of the interface "closest to" the remote end. This
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater address must appear in the remote end's
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> option for the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater zone being transferred, if one is specified. This
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater statement sets the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> for all zones,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater but can be overridden on a per-view or per-zone
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater basis by including a
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> statement within
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> or
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> block in the configuration
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
2cc7515f8a0c2f5f86ec85a853c7cb855b3d9536Tinderbox User source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The same as <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>,
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater except zone transfers are performed using IPv6.
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> fails and
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you do not wish the alternate transfer source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used, you should set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appropriately and you should not depend upon
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein getting an answer back to the first refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Use the alternate transfer sources or not. If views are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified this defaults to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise it defaults to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> (for BIND 8
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compatibility).
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determines which local source address, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein optionally UDP port, will be used to send NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages. This address must appear in the slave
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User server's <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> zone clause or
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User in an <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> clause. This
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User statement sets the <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User for all zones, but can be overridden on a per-zone or
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User per-view basis by including a
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> statement within
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User source address for TCP sockets.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Like <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>,
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User but applies to notify messages sent to IPv6 addresses.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User<a name="id2583995"></a>UDP Port Lists</h4></div></div></div>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User specify a list of IPv4 and IPv6 UDP ports that will be
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User used or not used as source ports for UDP messages.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#query_address" title="Query Address">the section called “Query Address”</a> about how the
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User available ports are determined.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User For example, with the following configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinuse-v6-udp-ports { range 32768 65535; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinavoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User UDP ports of IPv6 messages sent
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will be in one
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User of the following ranges: 32768 to 39999, 40001 to 49999,
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews and 60001 to 65535.
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> can be used
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater to prevent <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> from choosing as its random source port a
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews port that is blocked by your firewall or a port that is
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews used by other applications;
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater if a query went out with a source port blocked by a
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater answer would not get by the firewall and the name server would
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater have to query again.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater Note: the desired range can also be represented only with
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and the
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">avoid-</strong></span> options are redundant in that
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater sense; they are provided for backward compatibility and
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User to possibly simplify the port specification.
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User<a name="id2584055"></a>Operating System Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User The server's usage of many system resources can be limited.
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User Scaled values are allowed when specifying resource limits. For
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User example, <span><strong class="command">1G</strong></span> can be used instead of
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">1073741824</strong></span> to specify a limit of
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews gigabyte. <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> requests
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews unlimited use, or the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews maximum available amount. <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span>
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater uses the limit
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater that was in force when the server was started. See the description
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater of <span><strong class="command">size_spec</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements" title="Configuration File Elements">the section called “Configuration File Elements”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following options set operating system resource limits for
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater the name server process. Some operating systems don't support
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews any of the limits. On such systems, a warning will be issued if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unsupported limit is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">coresize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum size of a core dump. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">datasize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of data memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is a hard limit on server memory usage.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the server attempts to allocate memory in excess of this
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews limit, the allocation will fail, which may in turn leave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server unable to perform DNS service. Therefore,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this option is rarely useful as a way of limiting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein amount of memory used by the server, but it can be used
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews to raise an operating system data size limit that is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews too small by default. If you wish to limit the amount
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of memory used by the server, use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span> and
f02216f5b390ff0a589fa080f29350fd7794bf5cMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater options instead.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">files</strong></span></span></dt>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews The maximum number of files the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may have open concurrently. The default is <code class="literal">unlimited</code>.
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">stacksize</strong></span></span></dt>
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater The maximum amount of stack memory the server
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews<a name="server_resource_limits"></a>Server Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The following options set limits on the server's
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews resource consumption that are enforced internally by the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews server rather than the operating system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ixfr-log-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete; it is accepted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and ignored for BIND 8 compatibility. The option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> performs a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein similar function in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews Sets a maximum size for each journal file
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#journal" title="The journal file">the section called “The journal file”</a>). When the journal file
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the specified size, some of the oldest transactions in the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews will be automatically removed. The default is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This may also be set on a per-zone basis.
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics-max</strong></span></span></dt>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews In BIND 8, specifies the maximum number of host statistics
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater entries to be kept.
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater Not implemented in BIND 9.
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User The maximum number of simultaneous recursive lookups
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User the server will perform on behalf of clients. The default
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User <code class="literal">1000</code>. Because each recursing
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User client uses a fair
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User bit of memory, on the order of 20 kilobytes, the value of
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span> option may
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User have to be decreased
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews on hosts with limited memory.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The maximum number of simultaneous client TCP
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews connections that the server will accept.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The default is <code class="literal">100</code>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">reserved-sockets</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The number of file descriptors reserved for TCP, stdio,
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews etc. This needs to be big enough to cover the number of
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews interfaces <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> listens on, <span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span> as well as
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews to provide room for outgoing TCP queries and incoming zone
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews transfers. The default is <code class="literal">512</code>.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews The minimum value is <code class="literal">128</code> and the
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User maximum value is <code class="literal">128</code> less than
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User maxsockets (-S). This option may be removed in the future.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User This option has little effect on Windows.
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The maximum amount of memory to use for the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews server's cache, in bytes.
01b18d4c7c14ccb93708ab7ffdece3ac67b15a7cAutomatic Updater When the amount of data in the cache
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews reaches this limit, the server will cause records to expire
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews prematurely based on an LRU based strategy so that
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews the limit is not exceeded.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews A value of 0 is special, meaning that
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews records are purged from the cache only when their
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews TTLs expire.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Another special keyword <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews means the maximum value of 32-bit unsigned integers
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews (0xffffffff), which may not have the same effect as
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews 0 on machines that support more than 32 bits of
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Any positive values less than 2MB will be ignored reset
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater separately to the cache of each view.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The default is 0.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-listen-queue</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The listen queue depth. The default and minimum is 3.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater If the kernel supports the accept filter "dataready" this
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater also controls how
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater many TCP connections that will be queued in kernel space
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater some data before being passed to accept. Values less than 3
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater silently raised.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2584614"></a>Periodic Task Intervals</h4></div></div></div>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater This interval is effectively obsolete. Previously,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the server would remove expired resource records
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater from the cache every <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 now manages cache
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater memory in a more sophisticated manner and does not
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater rely on the periodic cleaning any more.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Specifying this option therefore has no effect on
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the server's behavior.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The server will perform zone maintenance tasks
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater for all zones marked as <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> whenever this
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater interval expires. The default is 60 minutes. Reasonable
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater to 1 day (1440 minutes). The maximum value is 28 days
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater (40320 minutes).
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater If set to 0, no zone maintenance for these zones will occur.
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews The server will scan the network interface list
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews every <span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span>
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews minutes. The default
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater is 60 minutes. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater If set to 0, interface scanning will only occur when
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater the configuration file is loaded. After the scan, the
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater begin listening for queries on any newly discovered
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater interfaces (provided they are allowed by the
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> configuration), and
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater stop listening on interfaces that have gone away.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater Name server statistics will be logged
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater every <span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater minutes. The default is
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater 60. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater If set to 0, no statistics will be logged.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater Not yet implemented in
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="topology"></a>Topology</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All other things being equal, when the server chooses a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to query from a list of name servers, it prefers the one that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein topologically closest to itself. The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein takes an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interprets it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a special way. Each top-level list element is assigned a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Non-negated elements get a distance based on their position in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list, where the closer the match is to the start of the list, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein shorter the distance is between it and the server. A negated match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be assigned the maximum distance from the server. If there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is no match, the address will get a distance which is further than
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews any non-negated list element, and closer than any negated element.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer servers on network 10 the most, followed by hosts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on network 1.2.0.0 (netmask 255.255.0.0) and network 3, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exception of hosts on network 1.2.3 (netmask 255.255.255.0), which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is preferred least of all.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default topology is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"> topology { localhost; localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_sortlist_statement"></a>The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The response to a DNS query may consist of multiple resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records (RRs) forming a resource records set (RRset).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name server will normally return the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs within the RRset in an indeterminate order
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (but see the <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The client resolver code should rearrange the RRs as appropriate,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews that is, using any addresses on the local net in preference to
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews other addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, not all resolvers can do this or are correctly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a client is using a local server, the sorting can be performed
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews in the server, based on the client's address. This only requires
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuring the name servers, not all the clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement (see below)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interprets it even
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein more specifically than the <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein does (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#topology" title="Topology">the section called “Topology”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each top level statement in the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein itself be an explicit <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one or two elements. The first element (which may be an IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an IP prefix, an ACL name or a nested <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of each top level list is checked against the source address of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the query until a match is found.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once the source address of the query has been matched, if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level statement contains only one element, the actual
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element that matched the source address is used to select the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the response to move to the beginning of the response. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is a list of two elements, then the second element is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treated the same as the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement. Each top
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level element
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assigned a distance and the address in the response with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein distance is moved to the beginning of the response.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews In the following example, any queries received from any of
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews the addresses of the host itself will get responses preferring
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews on any of the locally connected networks. Next most preferred are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the 192.168.1/24 network, and after that either the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 192.168.3/24 network with no preference shown between these two
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews networks. Queries received from a host on the 192.168.1/24 network
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews will prefer other addresses on that network to the 192.168.2/24
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 192.168.3/24 networks. Queries received from a host on the
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews or the 192.168.5/24 network will only prefer other addresses on
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews their directly connected networks.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews // IF the local host
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews // THEN first fit on the following nets
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews { localhost;
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews { localnets;
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User // IF on class C 192.168.1 THEN use .1, or .2 or .3
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User // IF on class C 192.168.2 THEN use .2, or .1 or .3
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews // IF on class C 192.168.3 THEN use .3, or .1 or .2
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews // IF .4 or .5 THEN prefer that net
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews The following example will give reasonable behavior for the
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews local host and hosts on directly connected networks. It is similar
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews to the behavior of the address sort in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.x. Responses sent
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews to queries from the local host will favor any of the directly
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews networks. Responses sent to queries from any other hosts on a
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews connected network will prefer addresses on that same network.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews to other queries will not be sorted.
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater { localhost; localnets; };
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater { localnets; };
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<a name="rrset_ordering"></a>RRset Ordering</h4></div></div></div>
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews When multiple records are returned in an answer it may be
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews useful to configure the order of the records placed into the
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement permits
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the ordering of the records in a multiple record response.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews See also the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement,
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a>.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews An <span><strong class="command">order_spec</strong></span> is defined as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">class <em class="replaceable"><code>class_name</code></em></span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional">type <em class="replaceable"><code>type_name</code></em></span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional">name <em class="replaceable"><code>"domain_name"</code></em></span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews order <em class="replaceable"><code>ordering</code></em>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews If no class is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no type is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no name is specified, the default is "<span><strong class="command">*</strong></span>" (asterisk).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The legal values for <span><strong class="command">ordering</strong></span> are:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">fixed</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in the order they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are defined in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">random</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in some random order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in a cyclic round-robin order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> is configured with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "--enable-fixed-rrset" option at compile time, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the initial ordering of the RRset will match the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one specified in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class IN type A name "host.example.com" order random;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order cyclic;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will cause any responses for type A records in class IN that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have "<code class="literal">host.example.com</code>" as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein suffix, to always be returned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in random order. All other records are returned in cyclic order.
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater If multiple <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statements
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater they are not combined — the last one applies.
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User In this release of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement does not support
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User "fixed" ordering by default. Fixed ordering can be enabled
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User at compile time by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" on
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User the "configure" command line.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<a name="tuning"></a>Tuning</h4></div></div></div>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">lame-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Sets the number of seconds to cache a
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User lame server indication. 0 disables caching. (This is
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span class="bold"><strong>NOT</strong></span> recommended.)
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User The default is <code class="literal">600</code> (10 minutes) and the
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User maximum value is
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <code class="literal">1800</code> (30 minutes).
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User To reduce network traffic and increase performance,
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User the server stores negative answers. <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User used to set a maximum retention time for these answers in
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User in seconds. The default
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is <code class="literal">10800</code> seconds (3 hours).
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> cannot exceed
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User 7 days and will
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User be silently truncated to 7 days if set to a greater value.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Sets the maximum time for which the server will
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User cache ordinary (positive) answers. The default is
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User one week (7 days).
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User A value of zero may cause all queries to return
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User SERVFAIL, because of lost caches of intermediate
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User RRsets (such as NS and glue AAAA/A records) in the
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User resolution process.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-roots</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User The minimum number of root servers that
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User is required for a request for the root servers to be
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User accepted. The default
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User is <strong class="userinput"><code>2</code></strong>.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User Specifies the number of days into the future when
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User DNSSEC signatures automatically generated as a
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User result of dynamic updates (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dynamic_update" title="Dynamic Update">the section called “Dynamic Update”</a>) will expire. There
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User is an optional second field which specifies how
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User long before expiry that the signatures will be
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater regenerated. If not specified, the signatures will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be regenerated at 1/4 of base interval. The second
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field is specified in days if the base interval is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein greater than 7 days otherwise it is specified in hours.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default base interval is <code class="literal">30</code> days
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User giving a re-signing interval of 7 1/2 days. The maximum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are 10 years (3660 days).
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User The signature inception time is unconditionally
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User set to one hour before the current time to allow
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User for a limited amount of clock skew.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be, at least, several multiples of the SOA
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire interval to allow for reasonable interaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein between the various timer and expiry dates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the maximum number of nodes to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein examined in each quantum when signing a zone with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a new DNSKEY. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify a threshold number of signatures that
24e79a68e1b16324e17364fcd8959379ff6e20e9Mark Andrews will terminate processing a quantum when signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone with a new DNSKEY. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify a private RDATA type to be used when generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key signing records. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is expected that this parameter may be removed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a future version once there is a standard type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options control the server's behavior on refreshing a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (querying for SOA changes) or retrying failed transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usually the SOA values for the zone are used, but these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are set by the master, giving slave server administrators
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control over their contents.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options allow the administrator to set a minimum and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein refresh and retry time either per-zone, per-view, or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options are valid for slave and stub zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and clamp the SOA refresh and retry times to the specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the advertised EDNS UDP buffer size in bytes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to control the size of packets received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are 1024 to 4096 (values outside this range
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be silently adjusted). The default value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is 4096. The usual reason for setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will fallback to using 512 bytes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if it get a series of timeout at the initial value. 512
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein bytes is not being offered to encourage sites to fix their
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein firewalls. Small EDNS UDP sizes will result in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein excessive use of TCP.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Sets the maximum EDNS UDP message size
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will send in bytes.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater range will be silently adjusted). The default
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater value is 4096. The usual reason for setting
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater firewalls that block fragmented packets and/or
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This is independent of the advertised receive
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater buffer (<span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span>).
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Setting this to a low value will encourge additional
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater TCP traffic to the nameserver.
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the file format of zone files (see
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format" title="Additional File Formats">the section called “Additional File Formats”</a>).
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The default value is <code class="constant">text</code>, which is the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater standard textual representation. Files in other formats
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater than <code class="constant">text</code> are typically expected
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to be generated by the <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> tool.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note that when a zone file in a different format than
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="constant">text</code> is loaded, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater may omit some of the checks which would be performed for a
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater file in the <code class="constant">text</code> format. In particular,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span> checks do not apply
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater for the <code class="constant">raw</code> format. This means
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater a zone file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater must be generated with the same check level as that
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater specified in the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater file. This statement sets the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> for all zones,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater but can be overridden on a per-zone or per-view basis
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater by including a <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater statement within the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<a name="clients-per-query"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<p>These set the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater initial value (minimum) and maximum number of recursive
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater simultaneous clients for any given query
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater (<qname,qtype,qclass>) that the server will accept
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater before dropping additional clients. <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater self tune this value and changes will be logged. The
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater default values are 10 and 100.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This value should reflect how many queries come in for
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater a given name in the time it takes to resolve that name.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If the number of queries exceed this value, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater assume that it is dealing with a non-responsive zone
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and will drop additional queries. If it gets a response
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater after dropping queries, it will raise the estimate. The
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater estimate will then be lowered in 20 minutes if it has
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater remained unchanged.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater then there is no limit on the number of clients per query
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and no queries will be dropped.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater then there is no upper bound other than imposed by
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The delay, in seconds, between sending sets of notify
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater messages for a zone. The default is zero.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<a name="builtin"></a>Built-in server information zones</h4></div></div></div>
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews The server provides some helpful diagnostic information
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater through a number of built-in zones under the
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews pseudo-top-level-domain <code class="literal">bind</code> in the
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> class. These zones are part
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater built-in view (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar" title="view Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>) of
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> which is separate from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default view of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class <span><strong class="command">IN</strong></span>; therefore, any global
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein such as <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> do not apply
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the these zones.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews If you feel the need to disable these zones, use the options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below, or hide the built-in <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defining an explicit view of class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that matches all clients.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">version</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The version the server should report
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews via a query of the name <code class="literal">version.bind</code>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The default is the real version number of this server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span><strong class="command">version none</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">hostname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The hostname the server should report via a query of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name <code class="filename">hostname.bind</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This defaults to the hostname of the machine hosting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name server as
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews found by the gethostname() function. The primary purpose of such queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">hostname none;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span></span></dt>
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater The ID the server should report when receiving a Name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Server Identifier (NSID) query, or a query of the name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">ID.SERVER</code> with type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary purpose of such queries is to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id none;</strong></span>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater disables processing of the queries.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id hostname;</strong></span> will cause <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater use the hostname as found by the gethostname() function.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater The default <span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>.
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<a name="empty"></a>Built-in Empty Zones</h4></div></div></div>
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater Named has some built-in empty zones (SOA and NS records only).
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater These are for zones that should normally be answered locally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and which queries should not be sent to the Internet's root
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers. The official servers which cover these namespaces
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein return NXDOMAIN responses to these queries. In particular,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein these cover the reverse namespace for addresses from RFC 1918 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 3330. They also include the reverse namespace for IPv6 local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (locally assigned), IPv6 link local addresses, the IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loopback address and the IPv6 unknown address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Named will attempt to determine if a built-in zone already exists
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater or is active (covered by a forward-only forwarding declaration)
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater and will not create an empty zone in that case.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The current list of empty zones is:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Empty zones are settable at the view level and only apply to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein views of class IN. Disabled empty zones are only inherited
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from options if there are no disabled empty zones specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at the view level. To override the options list of disabled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones, you can disable the root zone at the view level, for example:
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User disable-empty-zone ".";
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User If you are using the address ranges covered here, you should
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User already have reverse zones covering the addresses you use.
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User In practice this appears to not be the case with many queries
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User being made to the infrastructure servers for names in these
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User spaces. So many in fact that sacrificial servers were needed
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User to be deployed to channel the query load away from the
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User infrastructure servers.
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User The real parent servers for these zones should disable all
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User empty zone under the parent zone they serve. For the real
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User root servers, this is all built-in empty zones. This will
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User enable them to return referrals to deeper in the tree.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-server</strong></span></span></dt>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater Specify what server name will appear in the returned
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater the zone's name will be used.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-contact</strong></span></span></dt>
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User Specify what contact name will appear in the returned
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User "." will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-zones-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enable or disable all empty zones. By default, they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are enabled.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-empty-zone</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disable individual empty zones. By default, none are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disabled. This option can be specified multiple times.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="acache"></a>Additional Section Caching</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The additional section cache, also called <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is an internal cache to improve the response performance of BIND 9.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When additional section caching is enabled, BIND 9 will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache an internal short-cut to the additional section content for
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews each answer RR.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Note that <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is an internal caching
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews mechanism of BIND 9, and is not related to the DNS caching
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews server function.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Additional section caching does not change the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews response content (except the RRsets ordering of the additional
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews section, see below), but can improve the response performance
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews significantly.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews It is particularly effective when BIND 9 acts as an authoritative
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews server for a zone that has many delegations with many glue RRs.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In order to obtain the maximum performance improvement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from additional section caching, setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> is recommended, since the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein implementation of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein does not short-cut of additional section information from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS cache data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One obvious disadvantage of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that it requires much more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein memory for the internal cached data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Thus, if the response performance does not matter and memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein consumption is much more critical, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> mechanism can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disabled by setting <span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is also possible to specify the upper limit of memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for acache by using <span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Additional section caching also has a minor effect on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRset ordering in the additional section.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Without <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span> order is effective for the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein section as well as the answer and authority sections.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, additional section caching fixes the ordering when it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein first caches an RRset for the additional section, and the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ordering will be kept in succeeding responses, regardless of the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews setting of <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The effect of this should be minor, however, since an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews RRset in the additional section
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein typically only contains a small number of RRs (and in many cases
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it only contains a single RR), in which case the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ordering does not matter much.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following is a summary of options related to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, additional section caching is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enabled. The default value is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will remove stale cache entries, based on an LRU
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews algorithm, every <span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The default is 60 minutes.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews If set to 0, no periodic cleaning will occur.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The maximum amount of memory in bytes to use for the server's acache.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews When the amount of data in the acache reaches this limit,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will clean more aggressively so that the limit is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separately to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein acache of each view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <code class="literal">16M</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2586830"></a>Content Filtering</h4></div></div></div>
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides the ability to filter
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews out DNS responses from external DNS servers containing
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews certain types of data in the answer section.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Specifically, it can reject address (A or AAAA) records if
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the corresponding IPv4 or IPv6 addresses match the given
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews It can also reject CNAME or DNAME records if the "alias"
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews name (i.e., the CNAME alias or the substituted query name
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews due to DNAME) matches the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein given <code class="varname">namelist</code> of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span> option, where
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "match" means the alias name is a subdomain of one of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <code class="varname">name_list</code> elements.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the optional <code class="varname">namelist</code> is specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">except-from</strong></span>, records whose query name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matches the list will be accepted regardless of the filter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Likewise, if the alias name is a subdomain of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein corresponding zone, the <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein filter will not apply;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for example, even if "example.com" is specified for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">www.example.com. CNAME xxx.example.com.</pre>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews returned by an "example.com" server will be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option, only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are meaningful;
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews any <code class="varname">key_id</code> will be silently ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a response message is rejected due to the filtering,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the entire message is discarded without being cached, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a SERVFAIL error will be returned to the client.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews This filtering is intended to prevent "DNS rebinding attacks," in
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews which an attacker, in response to a query for a domain name the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews attacker controls, returns an IP address within your own network or
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews an alias name within your own domain.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews A naive web browser or script could then serve as an
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews unintended proxy, allowing the attacker
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews to get access to an internal node of your local network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that couldn't be externally accessed otherwise.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the paper available at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1315245.1315298
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for more details about the attacks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, if you own a domain named "example.net" and
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User your internal network uses an IPv4 prefix 192.0.2.0/24,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater you might specify the following rules:
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">deny-answer-addresses { 192.0.2.0/24; } except-from { "example.net"; };
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updaterdeny-answer-aliases { "example.net"; };
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If an external attacker lets a web browser in your local
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater network look up an IPv4 address of "attacker.example.com",
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the attacker's DNS server would return a response like this:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">attacker.example.com. A 192.0.2.1</pre>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater in the answer section.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Since the rdata of this record (the IPv4 address) matches
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the specified prefix 192.0.2.0/24, this response will be
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater On the other hand, if the browser looks up a legitimate
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater internal web server "www.example.net" and the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater following response is returned to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 server
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">www.example.net. A 192.0.2.2</pre>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater it will be accepted since the owner name "www.example.net"
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater matches the <span><strong class="command">except-from</strong></span> element,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note that this is not really an attack on the DNS per se.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater In fact, there is nothing wrong for an "external" name to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater be mapped to your "internal" IP address or domain name
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater from the DNS point of view.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater It might actually be provided for a legitimate purpose,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater such as for debugging.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater As long as the mapping is provided by the correct owner,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater it is not possible or does not make sense to detect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whether the intent of the mapping is legitimate or not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein within the DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The "rebinding" attack must primarily be protected at the
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User application that uses the DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a large site, however, it may be difficult to protect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all possible applications at once.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This filtering feature is provided only to help such an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operational environment;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is generally discouraged to turn it on unless you are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein very sure you have no other choice and the attack is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein real threat for your applications.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Care should be particularly taken if you want to use this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option for addresses within 127.0.0.0/8.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews These addresses are obviously "internal", but many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein applications conventionally rely on a DNS mapping from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein some name to such an address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Filtering out DNS records containing this address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein spuriously can break such applications.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="server_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr[/prefixlen]</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> bogus <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em> ; ]</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> keys <em class="replaceable"><code>{ string ; [<span class="optional"> string ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>] }</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="server_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement defines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein characteristics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be associated with a remote name server. If a prefix length is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, then a range of servers is covered. Only the most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server clause applies regardless of the order in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement can occur at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement contains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one or more <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements, only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the view and any top-level ones are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a view contains no <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews any top-level <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements are
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews If you discover that a remote server is giving out bad data,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein marking it as bogus will prevent further queries to it. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value of <span><strong class="command">bogus</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater the local server, acting as master, will respond with an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone transfer when the given remote server, a slave, requests it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, incremental transfer
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews will be provided
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whenever possible. If set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the remote server will be non-incremental. If not set, the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option in the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User global options block is used as a default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the local server, acting as a slave, will request incremental zone
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User transfers from the given remote server, a master. If not set, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value of the <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> option in
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User global options block is used as a default.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User IXFR requests to servers that do not support IXFR will
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User automatically
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User fall back to AXFR. Therefore, there is no need to manually list
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User which servers support IXFR and which ones do not; the global
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User of <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> should always work.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The purpose of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> and
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clauses is
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User to make it possible to disable the use of IXFR even when both
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User and slave claim to support it, for example if one of the servers
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User is buggy and crashes or corrupts data when IXFR is used.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">edns</strong></span> clause determines whether
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the local server will attempt to use EDNS when communicating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the remote server. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the EDNS UDP size
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that is advertised by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> when querying the remote server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will be
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User silently adjusted). This option is useful when you wish to
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User advertises a different value to this server than the value you
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User advertise globally, for example, when there is a firewall at the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User remote site that is blocking large replies.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User maximum EDNS UDP message size <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will send. Valid
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User be silently adjusted). This option is useful when you
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User know that there is a firewall that is blocking large
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User replies from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The server supports two zone transfer methods. The first, <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span>,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User uses one DNS message per resource record transferred. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User as many resource records as possible into a message. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User more efficient, but is only known to be understood by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User 8.x, and patched versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User 4.9.5. You can specify which method
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User to use for a server with the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> is not
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User specified, the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User by the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement will be
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User is used to limit the number of concurrent inbound zone
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User transfers from the specified server. If no
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> clause is specified, the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User limit is set according to the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> option.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause identifies a
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User to be used for transaction security (TSIG, <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User when talking to the remote server.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User When a request is sent to the remote server, a request signature
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User will be generated using the key specified here and appended to the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User message. A request originating from the remote server is not
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User to be signed by this key.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User Although the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User allows for multiple keys, only a single key per server is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the IPv4 and IPv6 source
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User address to be used for zone transfer with the remote server,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User respectively.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User For an IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> can
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User be specified.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server, only
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> can be
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User For more details, see the description of
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> and
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for notify
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User messages sent to remote servers, respectively. For an
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User can be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User only <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for queries
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User sent to remote servers, respectively. For an IPv4
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User remote server, only <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> can
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User only <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<a name="statschannels"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> {
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User [ allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> } ]; ]
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User [ inet ...; ]
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<a name="id2587582"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User declares communication channels to be used by system
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User administrators to get access to statistics information of
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the name server.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User This statement intends to be flexible to support multiple
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User communication protocols in the future, but currently only
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User HTTP access is supported.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User It requires that BIND 9 be compiled with libxml2;
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User still accepted even if it is built without the library,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User but any HTTP access will fail with an error.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User If no port is specified, port 80 is used for HTTP channels.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The asterisk "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The attempt of opening a statistics channel is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User restricted by the optional <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User Connections to the statistics channel are permitted based on the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User If no <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause is present,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> accepts connection
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User attempts from any address; since the statistics may
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User contain sensitive internal information, it is highly
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User recommended to restrict the source of connection requests
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User appropriately.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User If no <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is present,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will not open any communication channels.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<a name="id2587737"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> {
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<a name="id2587857"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement defines
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater DNSSEC security roots. DNSSEC is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#DNSSEC" title="DNSSEC">the section called “DNSSEC”</a>. A security root is defined when the
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater public key for a non-authoritative zone is known, but
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater cannot be securely obtained through DNS, either because
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater it is the DNS root zone or because its parent zone is
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater unsigned. Once a key has been configured as a trusted
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater key, it is treated as if it had been validated and
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater proven secure. The resolver attempts DNSSEC validation
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater on all DNS data in subdomains of a security root.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater All keys (and corresponding zones) listed in
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> are deemed to exist regardless
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater of what parent zones say. Similarly for all keys listed in
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> only those keys are
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater used to validate the DNSKEY RRset. The parent's DS RRset
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will not be used.
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement can contain
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater multiple key entries, each consisting of the key's
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User domain name, flags, protocol, algorithm, and the Base-64
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User representation of the key data.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User Spaces, tabs, newlines and carriage returns are ignored
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User in the key data, so the configuration may be split up into
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User multiple lines.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> may be set at the top level
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User of <code class="filename">named.conf</code> or within a view. If it is
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater set in both places, they are additive: keys defined at the top
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater level are inherited by all views, but keys defined in a view
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User are only used within that view.
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2587904"></a><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2587955"></a><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, like
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>, defines DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein security roots. The difference is that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> can be kept up to date
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein automatically, without intervention from the resolver
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater Suppose, for example, that a zone's key-signing
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater key was compromised, and the zone owner had to revoke and
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater replace the key. A resolver which had the old key in a
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement would be
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater unable to validate this zone any longer; it would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reply with a SERVFAIL response code. This would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein continue until the resolver operator had updated the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement with the new key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If, however, the zone were listed in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement instead, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone owner could add a "stand-by" key to the zone in advance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> would store the stand-by key, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the original key was revoked, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein would be able to transition smoothly to the new key. It would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also recognize that the old key had been revoked, and cease
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using that key to validate answers, minimizing the damage that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the compromised key could do.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement contains a list of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the keys to be managed, along with information about how the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys are to be initialized for the first time. The only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein initialization method currently supported (as of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.7.0) is <code class="literal">initial-key</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This means the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contain a copy of the initializing key. (Future releases may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allow keys to be initialized by other methods, eliminating this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requirement.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Consequently, a <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appears similar to a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>, differing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the presence of the second field, containing the keyword
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">initial-key</code>. The difference is, whereas the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys listed in a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> continue to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein trusted until they are removed from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, an initializing key listed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement is only trusted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>once</em></span>: for as long as it takes to load the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein managed key database and start the RFC 5011 key maintenance
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The first time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs with a managed key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configured in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, it fetches the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSKEY RRset directly from the zone apex, and validates it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the key specified in the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. If the DNSKEY RRset is validly signed, then it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used as the basis for a new managed keys database.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein From that point on, whenever <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs, it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sees the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, checks to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein make sure RFC 5011 key maintenance has already been initialized
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the specified domain, and if so, it simply moves on. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key specified in the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to validate answers; it has been superseded by the key or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys stored in the managed keys database.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The next time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs after a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has been <span class="emphasis"><em>removed</em></span> from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, the corresponding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone will be removed from the managed keys database,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and RFC 5011 key maintenance will no longer be used for that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> only maintains a single managed keys
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce database; consequently, unlike <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>,
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> may only be set at the top
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce level of <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, not within a view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> option is set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "auto", <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will automatically initialize
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a managed key for the zone <code class="literal">dlv.isc.org</code>. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key that is used to initialize the key maintenance process is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built into <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>, and can be overridden
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from <span><strong class="command">bindkeys-file</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="view_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews match-destinations { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_option</code></em>; ...</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_statement</code></em>; ...</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2588172"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement is a powerful
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 that lets a name server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answer a DNS query differently
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein depending on who is asking. It is particularly useful for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein implementing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein split DNS setups without having to run multiple servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement defines a view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS namespace that will be seen by a subset of clients. A client
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a view if its source IP address matches the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the view's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> clause and its
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein destination IP address matches
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span> clause. If not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, both
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default to matching all addresses. In addition to checking IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can also take <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> which provide an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein mechanism for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein client to select the view. A view can also be specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as <span><strong class="command">match-recursive-only</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means that only recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests from matching clients will match that view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The order of the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein significant —
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a client request will be resolved in the context of the first
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> that it matches.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zones defined within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only be accessible to clients that match the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By defining a zone of the same name in multiple views, different
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone data can be given to different clients, for example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and "external" clients in a split DNS setup.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Many of the options given in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can also be used within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, and then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply only when resolving queries with that view. When no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein view-specific
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is given, the value in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used as a default. Also, zone options can have default values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement; these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein view-specific defaults
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein take precedence over those in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Views are class specific. If no class is given, class IN
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assumed. Note that all non-IN views must contain a hint zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein since only the IN class has compiled-in default hints.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater If there are no <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements in
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater file, a default view that matches any client is automatically
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater in class IN. Any <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater the top level of the configuration file are considered to be part
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater this default view, and the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater statement will
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater apply to the default view. If any explicit <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce statements are present, all <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater statements must
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater occur inside <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Here is an example of a typical split DNS setup implemented
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater using <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // This should match our internal networks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { 10.0.0.0/8; };
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews // Provide recursive service to internal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // clients only.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide a complete view of the example.com
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // zone including addresses of internal hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luceview "external" {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Match all clients not matched by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // previous view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Refuse recursive service to external clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion no;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide a restricted view of the example.com
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // zone containing only publicly accessible hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-policy <em class="replaceable"><code>local</code></em> | { <em class="replaceable"><code>update_policy_rule</code></em> [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ;
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Huntzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>] // Not Implemented.
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox Userzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updaterzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews type delegation-only;
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2589860"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2589867"></a>Zone Types</h4></div></div></div>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The server has a master copy of the data
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater for the zone and will be able to provide authoritative
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater A slave zone is a replica of a master
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater zone. The <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> list
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater specifies one or more IP addresses
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater of master servers that the slave contacts to update
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater its copy of the zone.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Masters list elements can also be names of other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein masters lists.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater By default, transfers are made from port 53 on the
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater servers; this can
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater be changed for all servers by specifying a port number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of IP addresses, or on a per-server basis after
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater the IP address.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Authentication to the master can also be done with
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater per-server TSIG keys.
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater If a file is specified, then the
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User replica will be written to this file whenever the zone
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater and reloaded from this file on a server restart. Use
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater recommended, since it often speeds server startup and
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater a needless waste of bandwidth. Note that for large
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater numbers (in the
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User tens or hundreds of thousands) of zones per server, it
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User use a two-level naming scheme for zone filenames. For
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User a slave server for the zone <code class="literal">example.com</code> might place
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User the zone contents into a file called
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User <code class="filename">ex/example.com</code> where <code class="filename">ex/</code> is
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User just the first two letters of the zone name. (Most
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User operating systems
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User behave very slowly if you put 100000 files into
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User a single directory.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A stub zone is similar to a slave zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except that it replicates only the NS records of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein master zone instead
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the entire zone. Stub zones are not a standard part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein they are a feature specific to the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> implementation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stub zones can be used to eliminate the need for glue
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User in a parent zone at the expense of maintaining a stub
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone entry and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a set of name server addresses in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This usage is not recommended for new configurations,
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater supports it only in a limited way.
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4/8, zone
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater transfers of a parent zone
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater included the NS records from stub children of that
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater zone. This meant
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater that, in some cases, users could get away with
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater configuring child stubs
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater only in the master server for the parent zone. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9 never mixes together zone data from different zones
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater way. Therefore, if a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 master serving a parent
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater zone has child stub zones configured, all the slave
9c716f839c5dc2a9e236dada3af83b03e863078bTinderbox User servers for the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User parent zone also need to have the same child stub
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Stub zones can also be used as a way of forcing the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User of a given domain to use a particular set of
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User authoritative servers.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User For example, the caching name servers on a private
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User network using
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User RFC1918 addressing may be configured with stub zones
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User to use a set of internal name servers as the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User authoritative
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User servers for that domain.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User A "forward zone" is a way to configure
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User forwarding on a per-domain basis. A <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> can
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User contain a <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User and/or <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User which will apply to queries within the domain given by
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater name. If no <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User statement is present or
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User an empty list for <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span> is given, then no
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User forwarding will be done for the domain, canceling the
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User any forwarders in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement. Thus
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User if you want to use this type of zone to change the
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater behavior of the
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater global <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> option
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews (that is, "forward first"
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater to, then "forward only", or vice versa, but want to
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater servers as set globally) you need to re-specify the
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater global forwarders.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater The initial set of root name servers is
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater specified using a "hint zone". When the server starts
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater the root hints to find a root name server and get the
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews list of root name servers. If no hint zone is
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater specified for class
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater IN, the server uses a compiled-in default set of root
f7b2875691497b292eacb60609be23a813d14e63Automatic Updater servers hints.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater Classes other than IN have no built-in defaults hints.
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater This is used to enforce the delegation-only
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater status of infrastructure zones (e.g. COM,
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater NET, ORG). Any answer that is received
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater without an explicit or implicit delegation
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater in the authority section will be treated
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews as NXDOMAIN. This does not apply to the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zone apex. This should not be applied to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="varname">delegation-only</code> has no
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews effect on answers received from forwarders.
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User See caveats in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2590295"></a>Class</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The zone's name may optionally be followed by a class. If
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater a class is not specified, class <code class="literal">IN</code> (for <code class="varname">Internet</code>),
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater is assumed. This is correct for the vast majority of cases.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User The <code class="literal">hesiod</code> class is
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User named for an information service from MIT's Project Athena. It
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User used to share information about various systems databases, such
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User as users, groups, printers and so on. The keyword
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User a synonym for hesiod.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User Another MIT development is Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User in the mid-1970s. Zone data for it can be specified with the <code class="literal">CHAOS</code> class.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User<a name="id2590328"></a>Zone Options</h4></div></div></div>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User See the description of
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
d6984fd680db88faad5be52edef2416dd20488baTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
d6984fd680db88faad5be52edef2416dd20488baTinderbox User See the description of
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User See the description of
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>
c60ee6edf129596fa04db86c6865d75b5a412598Tinderbox User in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
c60ee6edf129596fa04db86c6865d75b5a412598Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span></span></dt>
d6984fd680db88faad5be52edef2416dd20488baTinderbox User Specifies a "Simple Secure Update" policy. See
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
4a5d8786edaff5f9f022c117b4da084bcb4a0b71Automatic Updater See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater Only meaningful if <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span>
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User active for this zone. The set of machines that will
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User <code class="literal">DNS NOTIFY</code> message
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User for this zone is made up of all the listed name servers
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User the primary master) for the zone plus any IP addresses
a1e81a1c5b029e4a44546de128f173524e8947a8Tinderbox User with <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>. A port
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User may be specified
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User with each <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User address to send the notify
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User messages to a port other than the default of 53.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> is not
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User meaningful for stub zones.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User The default is the empty list.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User This option is used to restrict the character set and
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User received from the
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User network. The default varies according to zone type. For <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>. For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span>
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User zones the default is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User It is not implemented for <span><strong class="command">hint</strong></span> zones.
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User See the description of
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User See the description of
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User See the description of
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User See the description of
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Specify the type of database to be used for storing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone data. The string following the <span><strong class="command">database</strong></span> keyword
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is interpreted as a list of whitespace-delimited words.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The first word
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identifies the database type, and any subsequent words are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as arguments to the database to be interpreted in a way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the database type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>"rbt"</code></strong>, BIND 9's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein native in-memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein red-black-tree database. This database does not take
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Other values are possible if additional database drivers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have been linked into the server. Some sample drivers are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the distribution but none are linked in by default.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater The flag only applies to hint and stub zones. If set
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the zone will also be
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater treated as if it is also a delegation-only type zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See caveats in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only meaningful if the zone has a forwarders
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list. The <span><strong class="command">only</strong></span> value causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the lookup to fail
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein after trying the forwarders and getting no answer, while <span><strong class="command">first</strong></span> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allow a normal lookup to be tried.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User Used to override the list of global forwarders.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User If it is not specified in a zone of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>,
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews no forwarding is done for the zone and the global options are
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater specify the name
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater of the transaction log (journal) file for dynamic update
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews and constructs the name of the journal
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User file by appending "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>"
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User to the name of the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-tmp-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Was an undocumented option in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Ignored in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">journal</strong></span></span></dt>
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater Allow the default journal's filename to be overridden.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater The default is the zone's filename with "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>" appended.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater This is applicable to <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater See the description of
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_resource_limits" title="Server Resource Limits">the section called “Server Resource Limits”</a>.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater See the description of
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User See the description of
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User See the description of
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User See the description of
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User See the description of
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User See the description of
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User See the description of
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span> in
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pubkey</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option was
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User intended for specifying
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User a public zone key for verification of signatures in DNSSEC
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User zones when they are loaded from disk. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 does not verify signatures
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User on load and ignores the option.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will keep
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User information for this zone, which can be dumped to the
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> defined in
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User the server options.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User See the description of
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User See the description of
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User See the description of
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User See the description of
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater See the description of
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater See the description of
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews See the description of
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews See the description of
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews See the description of
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews See the description of
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews See the description of
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews See the description in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews See the description of
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews (Note that the <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>master</code></strong> and
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>slave</code></strong> choices are not
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews available at the zone level.)
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews See the description of
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Usage”</a>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater See the description of <span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span> in
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater See the description of <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews See the description of
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">secure-to-insecure</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="dynamic_update_policies"></a>Dynamic Update Policies</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 supports two alternative
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews methods of granting clients the right to perform
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews dynamic updates to a zone, configured by the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> option, respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> clause works the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein same way as in previous versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It grants given clients the permission to update any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record of any name in the zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> clause
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews allows more fine-grained control over what updates are
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews allowed. A set of rules is specified, where each rule
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews either grants or denies permissions for one or more
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews names to be updated by one or more identities. If
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the dynamic update request message is signed (that is,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews it includes either a TSIG or SIG(0) record), the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews identity of the signer can be determined.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Rules are specified in the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zone option, and are only meaningful for master zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is present, it is a configuration error for the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> statement to be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews present. The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews only examines the signer of a message; the source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address is not relevant.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews There is a pre-defined <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rule which can be switched on with the command
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy local;</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Switching on this rule in a zone causes
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to generate a TSIG session
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews key and place it in a file, and to allow that key
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to update the zone. (By default, the file is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>, the key
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews name is "local-ddns" and the key algorithm is HMAC-SHA256,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but these values are configurable with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">session-keyname</strong></span> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">session-keyalg</strong></span> options, respectively).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A client running on the local system, and with appropriate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permissions, may read that file and use the key to sign update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests. The zone's update policy will be set to allow that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key to change any record within the zone. Assuming the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews key name is "local-ddns", this policy is equivalent to:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">update-policy { grant local-ddns zonesub any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The command <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span> sends update
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews requests to localhost, and signs them using the session key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Other rule definitions look like this:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein( <span><strong class="command">grant</strong></span> | <span><strong class="command">deny</strong></span> ) <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>] [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>types</code></em> </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Each rule grants or denies privileges. Once a message has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein successfully matched a rule, the operation is immediately
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein granted or denied and no further rules are examined. A rule
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is matched when the signer matches the identity field, the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews name matches the name field in accordance with the nametype
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field, and the type matches the types specified in the type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein No signer is required for <em class="replaceable"><code>tcp-self</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <em class="replaceable"><code>6to4-self</code></em> however the standard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reverse mapping / prefix conversion must match the identity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The identity field specifies a name or a wildcard
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater name. Normally, this is the name of the TSIG or
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater SIG(0) key used to sign the update request. When a
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User TKEY exchange has been used to create a shared secret,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the identity of the shared secret is the same as the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater identity of the key used to authenticate the TKEY
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater exchange. TKEY is also the negotiation method used
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater by GSS-TSIG, which establishes an identity that is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the Kerberos principal of the client, such as
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>"user@host.domain"</code></strong>. When the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater a wildcard name, it is subject to DNS wildcard
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater expansion, so the rule will apply to multiple identities.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field must
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater contain a fully-qualified domain name.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> field has 13
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <code class="varname">name</code>, <code class="varname">subdomain</code>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <code class="varname">wildcard</code>, <code class="varname">self</code>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <code class="varname">selfsub</code>, <code class="varname">selfwild</code>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>, <code class="varname">ms-self</code>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <code class="varname">ms-subdomain</code>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <code class="varname">tcp-self</code>, <code class="varname">6to4-self</code>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Exact-match semantics. This rule matches
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater when the name being updated is identical
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater to the contents of the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater This rule matches when the name being updated
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater is a subdomain of, or identical to, the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater contents of the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater This rule is similar to subdomain, except that
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater it matches when the name being updated is a
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater subdomain of the zone in which the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater appears. This obviates the need to type the zone
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater name twice, and enables the use of a standard
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement in
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater multiple zones without modification.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater When this rule is used, the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field is omitted.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater is subject to DNS wildcard expansion, and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater this rule matches when the name being updated
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater name is a valid expansion of the wildcard.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater This rule matches when the name being updated
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater matches the contents of the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater is ignored, but should be the same as the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <code class="varname">self</code> nametype is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater most useful when allowing using one key per
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater name to update, where the key has the same
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater name as the name to be updated. The
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> would
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater be specified as <code class="constant">*</code> (an asterisk) in
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater except that subdomains of <code class="varname">self</code>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater can also be updated.
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User except that only subdomains of
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User <code class="varname">self</code> can be updated.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Allow updates that have been sent via TCP and
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User for which the standard mapping from the initiating
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IP address into the IN-ADDR.ARPA and IP6.ARPA
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User namespaces match the name to be updated.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User Allow the 6to4 prefix to be update by any TCP
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User connection from the 6to4 network or from the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User corresponding IPv4 address. This is intended
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User to allow NS or DNAME RRsets to be added to the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User reverse tree.
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User In all cases, the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User specify a fully-qualified domain name.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User If no types are explicitly specified, this rule matches
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User all types except RRSIG, NS, SOA, NSEC and NSEC3. Types
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User may be specified by name, including "ANY" (ANY matches
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User all types except NSEC and NSEC3, which can never be
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User updated). Note that when an attempt is made to delete
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User all records associated with a name, the rules are
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User checked for each existing record type.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<a name="id2592584"></a>Zone File</h2></div></div></div>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<a name="types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them"></a>Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</h3></div></div></div>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User This section, largely borrowed from RFC 1034, describes the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User concept of a Resource Record (RR) and explains when each is used.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Since the publication of RFC 1034, several new RRs have been
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User and implemented in the DNS. These are also included.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<a name="id2592602"></a>Resource Records</h4></div></div></div>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User A domain name identifies a node. Each node has a set of
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User resource information, which may be empty. The set of resource
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User information associated with a particular name is composed of
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User separate RRs. The order of RRs in a set is not significant and
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User need not be preserved by name servers, resolvers, or other
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User parts of the DNS. However, sorting of multiple RRs is
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User permitted for optimization purposes, for example, to specify
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater that a particular nearby server be tried first. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a> and <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The components of a Resource Record are:
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The domain name where the RR is found.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User An encoded 16-bit value that specifies
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the type of the resource record.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The time-to-live of the RR. This field
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User is a 32-bit integer in units of seconds, and is
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User primarily used by
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User resolvers when they cache RRs. The TTL describes how
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User long a RR can
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User be cached before it should be discarded.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User An encoded 16-bit value that identifies
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User a protocol family or instance of a protocol.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The resource data. The format of the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User data is type (and sometimes class) specific.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The following are <span class="emphasis"><em>types</em></span> of valid RRs:
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User A host address. In the IN class, this is a
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User 32-bit IP address. Described in RFC 1035.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IPv6 address. Described in RFC 1886.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IPv6 address. This can be a partial
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User address (a suffix) and an indirection to the name
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User where the rest of the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User address (the prefix) can be found. Experimental.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Described in RFC 2874.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Location of AFS database servers.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Address prefix list. Experimental.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Described in RFC 3123.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Holds a digital certificate.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Described in RFC 2538.
892503bd484c106493e3c8053155b364a522ec03Tinderbox User Identifies the canonical name of an alias.
892503bd484c106493e3c8053155b364a522ec03Tinderbox User Described in RFC 1035.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater Is used for identifying which DHCP client is
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater associated with this name. Described in RFC 4701.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Replaces the domain name specified with
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater another name to be looked up, effectively aliasing an
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater subtree of the domain name space rather than a single
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater as in the case of the CNAME RR.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Described in RFC 2672.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Stores a public key associated with a signed
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Stores the hash of a public key associated with a
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User signed DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User Specifies the global position. Superseded by LOC.
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User Identifies the CPU and OS used by a host.
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User Described in RFC 1035.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Provides a method for storing IPsec keying material in
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User DNS. Described in RFC 4025.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Representation of ISDN addresses.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Stores a public key associated with a
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User DNS name. Used in original DNSSEC; replaced
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User by DNSKEY in DNSSECbis, but still used with
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User SIG(0). Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Identifies a key exchanger for this
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User DNS name. Described in RFC 2230.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User For storing GPS info. Described in RFC 1876.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Experimental.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Identifies a mail exchange for the domain with
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a 16-bit preference value (lower is better)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User followed by the host name of the mail exchange.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Described in RFC 974, RFC 1035.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Name authority pointer. Described in RFC 2915.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User A network service access point.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Described in RFC 1706.
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User The authoritative name server for the
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User domain. Described in RFC 1035.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User existing name.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Described in RFC 4034.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User RRs with an owner name in a certain name
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User interval do not exist in a zone and indicate
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User what RR types are present for an existing
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User name. NSEC3 differs from NSEC in that it
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User prevents zone enumeration but is more
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User computationally expensive on both the server
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User and the client than NSEC. Described in RFC
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Used in DNSSECbis to tell the authoritative
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User server which NSEC3 chains are available to use.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Described in RFC 5155.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Used in DNSSEC to securely indicate that
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User existing name.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Used in original DNSSEC; replaced by NSEC in
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Described in RFC 2535.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User A pointer to another part of the domain
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User name space. Described in RFC 1035.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Provides mappings between RFC 822 and X.400
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User addresses. Described in RFC 2163.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Information on persons responsible
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User for the domain. Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Contains DNSSECbis signature data. Described
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User Route-through binding for hosts that
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User do not have their own direct wide area network
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User Contains DNSSEC signature data. Used in
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User original DNSSEC; replaced by RRSIG in
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User DNSSECbis, but still used for SIG(0).
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User Identifies the start of a zone of authority.
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Contains the Sender Policy Framework information
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews for a given email domain. Described in RFC 4408.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Information about well known network
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater services (replaces WKS). Described in RFC 2782.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Provides a way to securely publish a secure shell key's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fingerprint. Described in RFC 4255.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Text records. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information about which well known
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network services, such as SMTP, that a domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports. Historical.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Representation of X.25 network addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following <span class="emphasis"><em>classes</em></span> of resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are currently valid in the DNS:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Internet.
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created at MIT in the
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User Rarely used for its historical purpose, but reused for
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User built-in server information zones, e.g.,
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User Hesiod, an information service
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User developed by MIT's Project Athena. It is used to share
9c716f839c5dc2a9e236dada3af83b03e863078bTinderbox User about various systems databases, such as users,
9c716f839c5dc2a9e236dada3af83b03e863078bTinderbox User groups, printers
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User The owner name is often implicit, rather than forming an
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User part of the RR. For example, many name servers internally form
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User or hash structures for the name space, and chain RRs off nodes.
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User The remaining RR parts are the fixed header (type, class, TTL)
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User which is consistent for all RRs, and a variable part (RDATA)
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User fits the needs of the resource being described.
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User The meaning of the TTL field is a time limit on how long an
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User RR can be kept in a cache. This limit does not apply to
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User authoritative
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User data in zones; it is also timed out, but by the refreshing
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews for the zone. The TTL is assigned by the administrator for the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews zone where the data originates. While short TTLs can be used to
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User minimize caching, and a zero TTL prohibits caching, the
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User of Internet performance suggest that these times should be on
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User order of days for the typical host. If a change can be
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews anticipated,
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User the TTL can be reduced prior to the change to minimize
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User inconsistency
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User during the change, and then increased back to its former value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The data in the RDATA section of RRs is carried as a combination
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of binary strings and domain names. The domain names are
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews used as "pointers" to other data in the DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2594157"></a>Textual expression of RRs</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs are represented in binary form in the packets of the DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein protocol, and are usually represented in highly encoded form
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stored in a name server or resolver. In the examples provided
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 1034, a style similar to that used in master files was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in order to show the contents of RRs. In this format, most RRs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are shown on a single line, although continuation lines are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using parentheses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The start of the line gives the owner of the RR. If a line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begins with a blank, then the owner is assumed to be the same as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that of the previous RR. Blank lines are often included for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein readability.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following the owner, we list the TTL, type, and class of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RR. Class and type use the mnemonics defined above, and TTL is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an integer before the type field. In order to avoid ambiguity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parsing, type and class mnemonics are disjoint, TTLs are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the type mnemonic is always last. The IN class and TTL
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are often omitted from examples in the interests of clarity.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The resource data or RDATA section of the RR are given using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein knowledge of the typical representation for the data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, we might show the RRs carried in a message as:
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews <code class="literal">10 VENERA.ISI.EDU.</code>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <code class="literal">VENERA.ISI.EDU</code>
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User The MX RRs have an RDATA section which consists of a 16-bit
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User number followed by a domain name. The address RRs use a
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User IP address format to contain a 32-bit internet address.
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User The above example shows six RRs, with two RRs at each of three
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User domain names.
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User Similarly we might see:
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User This example shows two addresses for
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <code class="literal">XX.LCS.MIT.EDU</code>, each of a different class.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2594746"></a>Discussion of MX Records</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As described above, domain servers store information as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein series of resource records, each of which contains a particular
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein piece of information about a given domain name (which is usually,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but not always, a host). The simplest way to think of a RR is as
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User a typed pair of data, a domain name matched with a relevant datum,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and stored with some additional type information to help systems
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determine when the RR is relevant.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews MX records are used to control delivery of email. The data
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews specified in the record is a priority and a domain name. The
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews controls the order in which email delivery is attempted, with the
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews lowest number first. If two priorities are the same, a server is
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews chosen randomly. If no servers at a given priority are responding,
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews the mail transport agent will fall back to the next largest
dcb551033f0b33eb5c113169750a61084d8250a1Mark Andrews Priority numbers do not have any absolute meaning — they are
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews only respective to other MX records for that domain name. The
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews name given is the machine to which the mail will be delivered.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews It <span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> have an associated address record
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews (A or AAAA) — CNAME is not sufficient.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews For a given domain, if there is both a CNAME record and an
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews MX record, the MX record is in error, and will be ignored.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews the mail will be delivered to the server specified in the MX
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater pointed to by the CNAME.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="literal">mail.example.com.</code>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="literal">mail2.example.com.</code>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="literal">mail.backup.org.</code>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="literal">mail.example.com.</code>
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <code class="literal">mail2.example.com.</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Mail delivery will be attempted to <code class="literal">mail.example.com</code> and
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews <code class="literal">mail2.example.com</code> (in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any order), and if neither of those succeed, delivery to <code class="literal">mail.backup.org</code> will
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews be attempted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<a name="Setting_TTLs"></a>Setting TTLs</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The time-to-live of the RR field is a 32-bit integer represented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in units of seconds, and is primarily used by resolvers when they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache RRs. The TTL describes how long a RR can be cached before it
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User should be discarded. The following three types of TTL are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used in a zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The last field in the SOA is the negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caching TTL. This controls how long other servers will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache no-such-domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (NXDOMAIN) responses from you.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum time for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein negative caching is 3 hours (3h).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The $TTL directive at the top of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone file (before the SOA) gives a default TTL for every
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a specific TTL set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each RR can have a TTL as the second
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field in the RR, which will control how long other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers can cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All of these TTLs default to units of seconds, though units
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be explicitly specified, for example, <code class="literal">1h30m</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2595362"></a>Inverse Mapping in IPv4</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Reverse name resolution (that is, translation from IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to name) is achieved by means of the <span class="emphasis"><em>in-addr.arpa</em></span> domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and PTR records. Entries in the in-addr.arpa domain are made in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein least-to-most significant order, read left to right. This is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein opposite order to the way IP addresses are usually written. Thus,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a machine with an IP address of 10.1.2.3 would have a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein corresponding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 3.2.1.10.in-addr.arpa. This name should have a PTR resource record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whose data field is the name of the machine or, optionally,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein PTR records if the machine has more than one name. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the [<span class="optional">example.com</span>] domain:
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <code class="literal">IN PTR foo.example.com.</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> lines in the examples
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are for providing context to the examples only — they do not
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews appear in the actual usage. They are only used here to indicate
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews that the example is relative to the listed origin.
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User<a name="id2595489"></a>Other Zone File Directives</h3></div></div></div>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The Master File Format was initially defined in RFC 1035 and
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User has subsequently been extended. While the Master File Format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is class independent all records in a Master File must be of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Master File Directives include <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>,
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews and <span><strong class="command">$TTL.</strong></span>
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<a name="id2595511"></a>The <span><strong class="command">@</strong></span> (at-sign)</h4></div></div></div>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews When used in the label (or name) field, the asperand or
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater at-sign (@) symbol represents the current origin.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews At the start of the zone file, it is the
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>> (followed by
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews trailing dot).
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<a name="id2595527"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>domain-name</code></em>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater sets the domain name that will be appended to any
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater unqualified records. When a zone is first read in there
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater is an implicit <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>><span><strong class="command">.</strong></span>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews (followed by trailing dot).
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews The current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended to
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews the domain specified in the <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews argument if it is not absolute.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark AndrewsWWW CNAME MAIN-SERVER
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews is equivalent to
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<a name="id2595588"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em> </span>]
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Read and process the file <code class="filename">filename</code> as
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater if it were included into the file at this point. If <span><strong class="command">origin</strong></span> is
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews specified the file is processed with <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> set
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews to that value, otherwise the current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater The origin and the current domain name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein revert to the values they had prior to the <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> once
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User the file has been read.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User RFC 1035 specifies that the current origin should be restored
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User an <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>, but it is silent
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater on whether the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain name should also be restored. BIND 9 restores both of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This could be construed as a deviation from RFC 1035, a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein feature, or both.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<a name="id2595657"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>default-ttl</code></em>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Set the default Time To Live (TTL) for subsequent records
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User with undefined TTLs. Valid TTLs are of the range 0-2147483647
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User is defined in RFC 2308.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User<a name="id2595693"></a><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</h3></div></div></div>
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews is used to create a series of resource records that only
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews differ from each other by an
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews iterator. <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> can be used to
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews easily generate the sets of records required to support
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews sub /24 reverse delegations described in RFC 2317:
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN 0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews$GENERATE 1-2 @ NS SERVER$.EXAMPLE.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews$GENERATE 1-127 $ CNAME $.0</pre>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews is equivalent to
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. NS SERVER1.EXAMPLE.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. NS SERVER2.EXAMPLE.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User1.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 1.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater2.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 2.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews127.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 127.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Generate a set of A and MX records. Note the MX's right hand
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User side is a quoted string. The quotes will be stripped when the
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User right hand side is processed.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews$ORIGIN EXAMPLE.
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ A 1.2.3.$
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ MX "0 ."</pre>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews is equivalent to
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">HOST-1.EXAMPLE. A 1.2.3.1
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">range</strong></span></p>
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User This can be one of two forms: start-stop
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater or start-stop/step. If the first form is used, then step
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater 1. All of start, stop and step must be positive.
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein describes the owner name of the resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be created. Any single <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (dollar sign)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein symbols within the <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> string
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User are replaced by the iterator value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To get a $ in the output, you need to escape the
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> using a backslash
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">\</strong></span>,
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User e.g. <span><strong class="command">\$</strong></span>. The
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> may optionally be followed
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User by modifiers which change the offset from the
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User iterator, field width and base.
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User Modifiers are introduced by a
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">{</strong></span> (left brace) immediately following the
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> as
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">${offset[,width[,base]]}</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, <span><strong class="command">${-20,3,d}</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein subtracts 20 from the current value, prints the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein result as a decimal in a zero-padded field of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Available output forms are decimal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">d</strong></span>), octal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">o</strong></span>), hexadecimal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">x</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">X</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for uppercase) and nibble
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">n</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">N</strong></span>\
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for uppercase). The default modifier is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">${0,0,d}</strong></span>. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> is not absolute, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In nibble mode the value will be treated as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if it was a reversed hexadecimal string
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with each hexadecimal digit as a separate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein label. The width field includes the label
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For compatibility with earlier versions,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$$</strong></span> is still recognized as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicating a literal $ in the output.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the time-to-live of the generated records. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not specified this will be inherited using the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein normal TTL inheritance rules.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the class of the generated records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This must match the zone class if it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">type</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Any valid type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span>, optionally, quoted string.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> directive is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> extension
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and not part of the standard zone file format.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein BIND 8 does not support the optional TTL and CLASS fields.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zonefile_format"></a>Additional File Formats</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In addition to the standard textual format, BIND 9
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews supports the ability to read or dump to zone files in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein other formats. The <code class="constant">raw</code> format is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein currently available as an additional format. It is a
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews binary format representing BIND 9's internal data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein structure directly, thereby remarkably improving the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loading time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a primary server, a zone file in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="constant">raw</code> format is expected to be
c60793c77f6b6b8b66ad57c73cd7eb67e8d7ff6fAndreas Gustafsson generated from a textual zone file by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. For a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secondary server or for a dynamic zone, it is automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generated (if this format is specified by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> option) when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> dumps the zone contents after
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone transfer or when applying prior updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a zone file in a binary format needs manual modification,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it first must be converted to a textual form by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. All
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein necessary modification should go to the text file, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should then be converted to the binary form by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command again.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Although the <code class="constant">raw</code> format uses the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater network byte order and avoids architecture-dependent
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater data alignment so that it is as much portable as
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater possible, it is primarily expected to be used inside
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater the same single system. In order to export a zone
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format or make a
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater portable backup of the file, it is recommended to
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater convert the file to the standard textual representation.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<a name="statistics"></a>BIND9 Statistics</h2></div></div></div>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains lots of statistics
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater information and provides several interfaces for users to
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater get access to the statistics.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The available statistics include all statistics counters
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater that were available in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 and
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater are meaningful in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater and other information that is considered useful.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The statistics information is categorized into the following
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The number of incoming DNS requests for each OPCODE.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The number of incoming queries for each RR type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of outgoing queries for each RR
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type sent from the internal resolver.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Maintained per view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statistics counters about incoming request processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statistics counters regarding zone maintenance
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operations such as zone transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statistics counters about name resolution
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein performed in the internal resolver.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Maintained per view.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater The number of RRsets per RR type and nonexistent
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater names stored in the cache database.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater If the exclamation mark (!) is printed for a RR
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater type, it means that particular type of RRset is
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater known to be nonexistent (this is also known as
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater Maintained per view.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater Statistics counters about network related events.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User A subset of Name Server Statistics is collected and shown
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User per zone for which the server has the authority when
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span> is set to
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User These statistics counters are shown with their zone and view
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User In some cases the view names are omitted for the default view.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User There are currently two user interfaces to get access to the
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User One is in the plain text format dumped to the file specified
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User by the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> configuration option.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User The other is remotely accessible via a statistics channel
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User when the <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User is specified in the configuration file
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels" title="statistics-channels Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>.)
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User<a name="statsfile"></a>The Statistics File</h4></div></div></div>
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User The text format statistics dump begins with a line, like:
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">+++ Statistics Dump +++ (973798949)</strong></span>
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User The number in parentheses is a standard
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User Unix-style timestamp, measured as seconds since January 1, 1970.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater that line is a set of statistics information, which is categorized
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater as described above.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater Each section begins with a line, like:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">++ Name Server Statistics ++</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each section consists of lines, each containing the statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein counter value followed by its textual description.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews See below for available counters.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater For brevity, counters that have a value of 0 are not shown
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater in the statistics file.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater The statistics dump ends with the line where the
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater number is identical to the number in the beginning line; for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">--- Statistics Dump --- (973798949)</strong></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<a name="statistics_counters"></a>Statistics Counters</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following tables summarize statistics counters that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For each row of the tables, the leftmost column is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein abbreviated symbol name of that counter.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These symbols are shown in the statistics information
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein accessed via an HTTP statistics channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rightmost column gives the description of the counter,
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User which is also shown in the statistics file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (but, in this document, possibly with slight modification
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for better readability).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Additional notes may also be provided in this column.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a middle column exists between these two columns,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it gives the corresponding counter name of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 statistics, if applicable.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2596784"></a>Name Server Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">Requestv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 requests received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: this also counts non query requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">Requestv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 requests received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: this also counts non query requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqEdns0</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests with EDNS(0) received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqBadEDNSVer</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests with unsupported EDNS version received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqTSIG</strong></span></p>
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User Requests with TSIG received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqSIG0</strong></span></p>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews Requests with SIG(0) received.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">ReqBadSIG</strong></span></p>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews Requests with invalid (TSIG or SIG(0)) signature.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">ReqTCP</strong></span></p>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">RTCP</strong></span></p>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater TCP requests received.
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">AuthQryRej</strong></span></p>
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">RUQ</strong></span></p>
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews Authoritative (non recursive) queries rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RecQryRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RURQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Recursive queries rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">XfrRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RUXFR</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfer requests rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateRej</strong></span></p>
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">RUUpd</strong></span></p>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Dynamic update requests rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">Response</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SAns</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RespTruncated</strong></span></p>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Truncated responses sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RespEDNS0</strong></span></p>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Responses with EDNS(0) sent.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RespTSIG</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses with TSIG sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RespSIG0</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses with SIG(0) sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QrySuccess</strong></span></p>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews Queries resulted in a successful answer.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews This means the query which returns a NOERROR response
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews with at least one answer RR.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews This corresponds to the
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">success</strong></span> counter
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews of previous versions of
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">QryAuthAns</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User Queries resulted in authoritative answer.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryNoauthAns</strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SNaAns</strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in non authoritative answer.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryReferral</strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in referral answer.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">referral</strong></span> counter
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryNxrrset</strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in NOERROR responses with no data.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nxrrset</strong></span> counter
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QrySERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFail</strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in SERVFAIL.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryFORMERR</strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFErr</strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in FORMERR.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryNXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SNXD</strong></span></p>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Queries resulted in NXDOMAIN.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater This corresponds to the
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nxdomain</strong></span> counter
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater of previous versions of
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryRecursion</strong></span></p>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">RFwdQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries which caused the server
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews to perform recursion in order to find the final answer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">QryDuplicate</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RDupQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries which the server attempted to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recurse but discovered an existing query with the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP address, port, query ID, name, type and class
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews already being processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">duplicate</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryDropped</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater Recursive queries for which the server
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater discovered an excessive number of existing
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater recursive queries for the same name, type and
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater class and were subsequently dropped.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is the number of dropped queries due to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the reason explained with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews (see the description about
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#clients-per-query"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span></a>.)
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dropped</strong></span> counter
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User of previous versions of
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">QryFailure</strong></span></p>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater Other query failures.
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
bafdc1ebe80e1bc359bfbb48aa88790c7bbdc749Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">failure</strong></span> counter
bafdc1ebe80e1bc359bfbb48aa88790c7bbdc749Automatic Updater of previous versions of
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater Note: this counter is provided mainly for
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater backward compatibility with the previous versions.
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater Normally a more fine-grained counters such as
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">AuthQryRej</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">RecQryRej</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that would also fall into this counter are provided,
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews and so this counter would not be of much
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews interest in practice.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">XfrReqDone</strong></span></p>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User Requested zone transfers completed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateReqFwd</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Update requests forwarded.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateRespFwd</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Update responses forwarded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateFwdFail</strong></span></p>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Dynamic update forward failed.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateDone</strong></span></p>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates completed.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateFail</strong></span></p>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates failed.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateBadPrereq</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic updates rejected due to prerequisite failure.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews<a name="id2598393"></a>Zone Maintenance Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyOutv4</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater IPv4 notifies sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyOutv6</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews IPv6 notifies sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyInv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 notifies received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyInv6</strong></span></p>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews IPv6 notifies received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Incoming notifies rejected.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">SOAOutv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 SOA queries sent.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SOAOutv6</strong></span></p>
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater IPv6 SOA queries sent.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">AXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater IPv4 AXFR requested.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">AXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 AXFR requested.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">IXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 IXFR requested.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">IXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews IPv6 IXFR requested.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">XfrSuccess</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfer requests succeeded.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">XfrFail</strong></span></p>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Zone transfer requests failed.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews<a name="id2598776"></a>Resolver Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Queryv4</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater IPv4 queries sent.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Queryv6</strong></span></p>
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater IPv6 queries sent.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Responsev4</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RR</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater IPv4 responses received.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Responsev6</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RR</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater IPv6 responses received.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">RNXD</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews NXDOMAIN received.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">SERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">RFail</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews SERVFAIL received.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">FORMERR</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">RFErr</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews FORMERR received.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">OtherError</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">RErr</strong></span></p>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Other errors received.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">EDNS0Fail</strong></span></p>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater EDNS(0) query failures.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Mismatch</strong></span></p>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RDupR</strong></span></p>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Mismatch responses received.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater The DNS ID, response's source address,
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater and/or the response's source port does not
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater match what was expected.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater (The port must be 53 or as defined by
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> option.)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater This may be an indication of a cache
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater poisoning attempt.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Truncated</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Truncated responses received.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Lame</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RLame</strong></span></p>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User Lame delegations received.
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">Retry</strong></span></p>
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">SDupQ</strong></span></p>
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User Query retries performed.
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">QueryAbort</strong></span></p>
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User Queries aborted due to quota control.
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">QuerySockFail</strong></span></p>
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User Failures in opening query sockets.
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User One common reason for such failures is a
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User failure of opening a new socket due to a
b4556ecdbc3cad55e1c85ce32b73b7bcd39e43dcTinderbox User limitation on file descriptors.
b4556ecdbc3cad55e1c85ce32b73b7bcd39e43dcTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">QueryTimeout</strong></span></p>
70b01b2d03d66b28d97f5cf4fd49ecd74418b065Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
0d00a726fe3c0423fab1d6876e89b69a4afe44e2Tinderbox User Query timeouts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SSysQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 NS address fetches invoked.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SSysQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 NS address fetches invoked.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv4Fail</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 NS address fetch failed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv6Fail</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 NS address fetch failed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ValAttempt</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC validation attempted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ValOk</strong></span></p>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC validation succeeded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ValNegOk</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC validation on negative information succeeded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ValFail</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC validation failed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryRTTnn</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Frequency table on round trip times (RTTs) of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each <span><strong class="command">nn</strong></span> specifies the corresponding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the sequence of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nn_1</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nn_2</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nn_m</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the value of <span><strong class="command">nn_i</strong></span> is the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews number of queries whose RTTs are between
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nn_(i-1)</strong></span> (inclusive) and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nn_i</strong></span> (exclusive) milliseconds.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For the sake of convenience we define
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nn_0</strong></span> to be 0.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The last entry should be represented as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nn_m+</strong></span>, which means the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of queries whose RTTs are equal to or over
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nn_m</strong></span> milliseconds.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2599798"></a>Socket I/O Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Socket I/O statistics counters are defined per socket
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein types, which are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">UDP4</strong></span> (UDP/IPv4),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">UDP6</strong></span> (UDP/IPv6),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">TCP4</strong></span> (TCP/IPv4),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">TCP6</strong></span> (TCP/IPv6),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">Unix</strong></span> (Unix Domain), and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> (sockets opened outside the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein socket module).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the following table <span><strong class="command"><TYPE></strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein represents a socket type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not all counters are available for all socket types;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exceptions are noted in the description field.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Open</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sockets opened successfully.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This counter is not applicable to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> type.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>OpenFail</strong></span></p>
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Failures of opening sockets.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User This counter is not applicable to the
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> type.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Close</strong></span></p>
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Sockets closed.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>BindFail</strong></span></p>
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Failures of binding sockets.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>ConnFail</strong></span></p>
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Failures of connecting sockets.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Conn</strong></span></p>
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Connections established successfully.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>AcceptFail</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Failures of accepting incoming connection requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This counter is not applicable to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">UDP</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> types.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Accept</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Incoming connections successfully accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This counter is not applicable to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">UDP</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> types.
09d72af3e9961c210d7baa6179165b6cd81e8dd0Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>SendErr</strong></span></p>
09d72af3e9961c210d7baa6179165b6cd81e8dd0Tinderbox User Errors in socket send operations.
09d72af3e9961c210d7baa6179165b6cd81e8dd0Tinderbox User This counter corresponds
09d72af3e9961c210d7baa6179165b6cd81e8dd0Tinderbox User to <span><strong class="command">SErr</strong></span> counter of
09d72af3e9961c210d7baa6179165b6cd81e8dd0Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>RecvErr</strong></span></p>
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Errors in socket receive operations.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater This includes errors of send operations on a
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater connected UDP socket notified by an ICMP error
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User<a name="id2600240"></a>Compatibility with <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND</em></span> 8 Counters</h4></div></div></div>
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Most statistics counters that were available
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User in <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8 are also supported in
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 as shown in the above tables.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Here are notes about other counters that do not appear
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in these tables.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RFwdR,SFwdR</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These counters are not supported
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein because <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 does not adopt
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the notion of <span class="emphasis"><em>forwarding</em></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8 did.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RAXFR</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This counter is accessible in the Incoming Queries section.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RIQ</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This counter is accessible in the Incoming Requests section.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ROpts</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This counter is not supported
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews because <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 does not care
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews about IP options in the first place.
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