Bv9ARM.ch06.html revision aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829a
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2004-2014 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<title>Chapter�6.�BIND 9 Configuration Reference</title>
e21a2904f02a03fa06b6db04d348f65fe9c67b2bMark Andrews<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="start" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="prev" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html" title="Chapter�5.�The BIND 9 Lightweight Resolver">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="next" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html" title="Chapter�7.�BIND 9 Security Considerations">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</th></tr>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html">Prev</a>�</td>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html">Next</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<a name="Bv9ARM.ch06"></a>Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2573348">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574145"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
ddbd14ec13b6dc0130a94b46b6a3156549cb9911Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574409"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
ddbd14ec13b6dc0130a94b46b6a3156549cb9911Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574769"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
ddbd14ec13b6dc0130a94b46b6a3156549cb9911Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574786"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
ddbd14ec13b6dc0130a94b46b6a3156549cb9911Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574809"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
ddbd14ec13b6dc0130a94b46b6a3156549cb9911Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574901"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
ddbd14ec13b6dc0130a94b46b6a3156549cb9911Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574995"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
ddbd14ec13b6dc0130a94b46b6a3156549cb9911Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575121"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577252"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577349"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577445"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577562"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577584"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592140"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592489"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592542"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed-keys"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2593046"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2594994"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2598756">Zone File</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2600918">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2601533">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2601660">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2601933"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_counters">Statistics Counters</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration is broadly similar
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8; however, there are a few new
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews of configuration, such as views. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews 8 configuration files should work with few alterations in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9, although more complex configurations should be reviewed to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if they can be more efficiently implemented using the new features
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews found in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4 configuration files can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein converted to the new format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the shell script
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">contrib/named-bootconf/named-bootconf.sh</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="configuration_file_elements"></a>Configuration File Elements</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Following is a list of elements used throughout the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file documentation:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name of an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defined by the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>, <code class="varname">key_id</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="varname">acl_name</code> elements, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A named list of one or more <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews with optional <code class="varname">key_id</code> and/or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A <code class="varname">masters_list</code> may include other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a DNS name, for example "<code class="literal">my.test.domain</code>".
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater A list of one or more <code class="varname">domain_name</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One to four integers valued 0 through
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 255 separated by dots (`.'), such as <span><strong class="command">123</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">45.67</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">89.123.45.67</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv4 address with exactly four elements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <code class="varname">dotted_decimal</code> notation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv6 address, such as <span><strong class="command">2001:db8::1234</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews IPv6 scoped addresses that have ambiguity on their
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews scope zones must be disambiguated by an appropriate
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews zone ID with the percent character (`%') as
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews delimiter. It is strongly recommended to use
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews string zone names rather than numeric identifiers,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews in order to be robust against system configuration
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews changes. However, since there is no standard
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews mapping for such names and identifier values,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews currently only interface names as link identifiers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported, assuming one-to-one mapping between
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews interfaces and links. For example, a link-local
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews address <span><strong class="command">fe80::1</strong></span> on the link
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews attached to the interface <span><strong class="command">ne0</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified as <span><strong class="command">fe80::1%ne0</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews Note that on most systems link-local addresses
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews always have the ambiguity, and need to be
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews disambiguated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <code class="varname">ip4_addr</code> or <code class="varname">ip6_addr</code>.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User A <code class="varname">number</code> between 0 and 63, used
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User to select a differentiated services code point (DSCP)
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User value for use with outgoing traffic on operating systems
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User that support DSCP.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews The <code class="varname">number</code> is limited to 0
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through 65535, with values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below 1024 typically restricted to use by processes running
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews In some cases, an asterisk (`*') character can be used as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein placeholder to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein select a random high-numbered port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IP network specified as an <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by a slash (`/') and then the number of bits in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Trailing zeros in a <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may omitted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, <span><strong class="command">127/8</strong></span> is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">127.0.0.0</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein netmask <span><strong class="command">255.0.0.0</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0/28</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0</strong></span> with netmask <span><strong class="command">255.255.255.240</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews When specifying a prefix involving a IPv6 scoped address
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews the scope may be omitted. In that case the prefix will
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews match packets from any scope.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">domain_name</code> representing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name of a shared key, to be used for transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separated by semicolons and ending with a semicolon.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews A non-negative 32-bit integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (i.e., a number between 0 and 4294967295, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Its acceptable value might further
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be limited by the context in which it is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a pathname, such as <code class="filename">zones/master/my.test.domain</code>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A list of an <code class="varname">ip_port</code> or a port
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A port range is specified in the form of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range</code></strong> followed by
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater two <code class="varname">ip_port</code>s,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, which represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater port numbers from <code class="varname">port_low</code> through
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, inclusive.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_low</code> must not be larger than
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range 1024 65535</code></strong> represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater ports from 1024 through 65535.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater In either case an asterisk (`*') character is not
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater allowed as a valid <code class="varname">ip_port</code>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User A 64-bit unsigned integer, or the keywords
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong> or
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>default</code></strong>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Integers may take values
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User 0 <= value <= 18446744073709551615, though
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User certain parameters
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User (such as <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span>) may
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User use a more limited range within these extremes.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User In most cases, setting a value to 0 does not
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User literally mean zero; it means "undefined" or
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User "as big as possible", depending on the context.
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User See the explanations of particular parameters
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User that use <code class="varname">size_spec</code>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User for details on how they interpret its use.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Numeric values can optionally be followed by a
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User scaling factor:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>K</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>k</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for kilobytes,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>M</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>m</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for megabytes, and
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>G</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>g</code></strong>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User for gigabytes, which scale by 1024, 1024*1024, and
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User 1024*1024*1024 respectively.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <code class="varname">unlimited</code> generally means
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User "as big as possible", and is usually the best
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User way to safely set a very large number.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User uses the limit that was in force when the server was started.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Either <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The words <strong class="userinput"><code>true</code></strong> and <strong class="userinput"><code>false</code></strong> are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also accepted, as are the numbers <strong class="userinput"><code>1</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <strong class="userinput"><code>0</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One of <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in a zone, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>, and <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are restricted to slave and stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="address_match_lists"></a>Address Match Lists</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User<a name="id2573114"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><code class="varname">address_match_list</code> = address_match_list_element ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address_match_list_element; ... </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<code class="varname">address_match_list_element</code> = [<span class="optional"> ! </span>] (ip_address [<span class="optional">/length</span>] |
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce key key_id | acl_name | { address_match_list } )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User<a name="id2573142"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control for various server operations. They are also used in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews statements. The elements which constitute an address match
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews list can be any of the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a key ID, as defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>the name of an address match list defined with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>a nested address match list enclosed in braces</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Elements can be negated with a leading exclamation mark (`!'),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the match list names "any", "none", "localhost", and
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews "localnets" are predefined. More information on those names
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews can be found in the description of the acl statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The addition of the key clause made the name of this syntactic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element something of a misnomer, since security keys can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to validate access without regard to a host or network address.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Nonetheless, the term "address match list" is still used
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews throughout the documentation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a given IP address or prefix is compared to an address
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews match list, the comparison takes place in approximately O(1)
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews time. However, key comparisons require that the list of keys
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be traversed until a matching key is found, and therefore may
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be somewhat slower.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater used for access control, defining <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> ports, or in a
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>, and whether the element was negated.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews When used as an access control list, a non-negated match
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews allows access and a negated match denies access. If
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews there is no match, access is denied. The clauses
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>, and
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span> all use address match
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater lists. Similarly, the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option will cause the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews server to refuse queries on any of the machine's
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews addresses which do not match the list.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Order of insertion is significant. If more than one element
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews in an ACL is found to match a given IP address or prefix,
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews preference will be given to the one that came
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> in the ACL definition.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Because of this first-match behavior, an element that
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews defines a subset of another element in the list should
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews come before the broader element, regardless of whether
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews either is negated. For example, in
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">1.2.3/24; ! 1.2.3.13;</strong></span>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews the 1.2.3.13 element is completely useless because the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews algorithm will match any lookup for 1.2.3.13 to the 1.2.3/24
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews element. Using <span><strong class="command">! 1.2.3.13; 1.2.3/24</strong></span> fixes
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews that problem by having 1.2.3.13 blocked by the negation, but
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews all other 1.2.3.* hosts fall through.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User<a name="id2573348"></a>Comment Syntax</h3></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 comment syntax allows for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comments to appear
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews anywhere that whitespace may appear in a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. To appeal to programmers of all kinds, they can be written
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User<a name="id2573363"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">/* This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C */</pre>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">// This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C++</pre>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"># This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in common UNIX shells
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater# and perl</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User<a name="id2573393"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Comments may appear anywhere that whitespace may appear in
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments start with the two characters /* (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein star) and end with */ (star, slash). Because they are completely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delimited with these characters, they can be used to comment only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a portion of a line or to span multiple lines.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments cannot be nested. For example, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not valid because the entire comment ends with the first */:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">/* This is the start of a comment.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce This is still part of the comment.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce/* This is an incorrect attempt at nesting a comment. */
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce This is no longer in any comment. */
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C++-style comments start with the two characters // (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">// This is the start of a comment. The next line
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce// is a new comment, even though it is logically
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce// part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Shell-style (or perl-style, if you prefer) comments start
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the character <code class="literal">#</code> (number sign)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and continue to the end of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein physical line, as in C++ comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"># This is the start of a comment. The next line
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce# is a new comment, even though it is logically
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce# part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You cannot use the semicolon (`;') character
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to start a comment such as you would in a zone file. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein semicolon indicates the end of a configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Configuration_File_Grammar"></a>Configuration File Grammar</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews A <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration consists of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements and comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statements end with a semicolon. Statements and comments are the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only elements that can appear without enclosing braces. Many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements contain a block of sub-statements, which are also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein terminated with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following statements are supported:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching list, for access control and other uses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares control channels to be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein includes a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies key information for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authentication and authorization using TSIG.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies what the server logs, and where
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log messages are sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configures <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews also act as a light-weight resolver daemon (<span><strong class="command">lwresd</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named masters list for
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater inclusion in stub and slave zones'
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> or
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls global server configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options and sets defaults for other statements.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span></p>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater sets certain configuration options on
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater a per-server basis.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span></p>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater declares communication channels to get access to
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> statistics.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines trusted DNSSEC keys.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span></p>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater lists DNSSEC keys to be kept up to date
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater using RFC 5011 trust anchor maintenance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statements may only occur once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User<a name="id2574145"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> acl-name {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews address_match_list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="acl"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement assigns a symbolic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name to an address match list. It gets its name from a primary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use of address match lists: Access Control Lists (ACLs).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that an address match list's name must be defined
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> before it can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein elsewhere; no forward references are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following ACLs are built-in:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">any</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches all hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">none</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches no hosts.
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of all network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces on the system. When addresses are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein added or removed, the <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ACL element is updated to reflect the changes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches any host on an IPv4 or IPv6 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the system has an interface.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When addresses are added or removed,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ACL element is updated to reflect the changes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Some systems do not provide a way to determine the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In such a case, <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only matches the local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 addresses, just like <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2574409"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> }
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ unix <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> perm <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> owner <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> group <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ unix ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="controls_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement declares control
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels to be used by system administrators to control the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews operation of the name server. These control channels are
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews used by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility to send
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews commands to and retrieve non-DNS results from a name server.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews If you will only use <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> on the local host,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews using the loopback address (<code class="literal">127.0.0.1</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="literal">::1</code>) is recommended for maximum security.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no port is specified, port 953 is used. The asterisk
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The ability to issue commands over the control channel is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein restricted by the <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clauses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Connections to the control channel are permitted based on the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>. This is for simple
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews IP address based filtering only; any <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews elements of the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews are ignored.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A <span><strong class="command">unix</strong></span> control channel is a UNIX domain
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews socket listening at the specified path in the file system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Access to the socket is specified by the <span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">owner</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">group</strong></span> clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note on some platforms (SunOS and Solaris) the permissions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>) are applied to the parent directory
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews as the permissions on the socket itself are ignored.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The primary authorization mechanism of the command
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews channel is the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contains a list of <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>s.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> in the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is authorized to execute commands over the control channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#rndc">Remote Name Daemon Control application</a> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#admin_tools" title="Administrative Tools">the section called “Administrative Tools”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for information about configuring keys in <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If no <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement is present,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will set up a default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control channel listening on the loopback address 127.0.0.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and its IPv6 counterpart ::1.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews In this case, and also when the <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is present but does not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to load the command channel key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the file <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc</code> (or whatever <code class="varname">sysconfdir</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was specified as when <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> was built).
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews To create a <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file, run
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong>.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature was created to
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews ease the transition of systems from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which did not have digital signatures on its command channel
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews messages and thus did not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It makes it possible to use an existing <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration file in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 unchanged,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and still have <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> work the same way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span> worked in BIND 8, simply by executing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong> after BIND 9 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only intended to allow the backward-compatible usage of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 configuration files, this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein feature does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have a high degree of configurability. You cannot easily change
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the key name or the size of the secret, so you should make a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> with your own key if you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein wish to change
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein those things. The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews also has its
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews permissions set such that only the owner of the file (the user that
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running as) can access it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein desire greater flexibility in allowing other users to access
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> commands, then you need to create
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> file and make it group
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews readable by a group
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that contains the users who should have access.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To disable the command channel, use an empty
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement:
ddbd14ec13b6dc0130a94b46b6a3156549cb9911Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">controls { };</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
ddbd14ec13b6dc0130a94b46b6a3156549cb9911Tinderbox User<a name="id2574769"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>;</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574786"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> statement inserts the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified file at the point where the <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is encountered. The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement facilitates the administration of configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by permitting the reading or writing of some things but not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein others. For example, the statement could include private keys
ddbd14ec13b6dc0130a94b46b6a3156549cb9911Tinderbox User that are readable only by the name server.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574809"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein algorithm <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secret <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574901"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement defines a shared
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secret key for use with TSIG (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the command channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement can occur at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. Keys defined in top-level <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements can be used in all views. Keys intended for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be defined at the top level.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>, also known as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name, is a domain name uniquely identifying the key. It can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in a <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement to cause requests sent to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to be signed with this key, or in address match lists to
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User verify that incoming requests have been signed with a key
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User matching this name, algorithm, and secret.
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em> is a string
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews that specifies a security/authentication algorithm. The
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server supports <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews and <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code> TSIG authentication.
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews Truncated hashes are supported by appending the minimum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of required bits preceded by a dash, e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em> is the secret
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used by the algorithm, and is treated as a base-64
ddbd14ec13b6dc0130a94b46b6a3156549cb9911Tinderbox User encoded string.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
9aafbfaefbfcaef713dddbf4e83807c282f07b88Tinderbox User<a name="id2574995"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> | <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> ) ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>syslog_facility</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> );
a3ff24aaa545c45b8c581b2127d02d735aff8881Tinderbox User [ <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> (<code class="option">critical</code> | <code class="option">error</code> | <code class="option">warning</code> | <code class="option">notice</code> |
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <code class="option">info</code> | <code class="option">debug</code> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em> ] | <code class="option">dynamic</code> ); ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [ <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [ <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>category_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; [ <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; ... ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575121"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement configures a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein variety of logging options for the name server. Its <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associates output methods, format options and severity levels with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a name that can then be used with the <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to select how various classes of messages are logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only one <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement is used to
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson as many channels and categories as are wanted. If there is no <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement,
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson the logging configuration will be:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews category unmatched { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the logging configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only established when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the entire configuration file has been parsed. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, it was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein established as soon as the <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was parsed. When the server is starting up, all logging messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regarding syntax errors in the configuration file go to the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels, or to standard error if the "<code class="option">-g</code>" option
ddbd14ec13b6dc0130a94b46b6a3156549cb9911Tinderbox User was specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575173"></a>The <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All log output goes to one or more <span class="emphasis"><em>channels</em></span>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you can make as many of them as you want.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Every channel definition must include a destination clause that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein says whether messages selected for the channel go to a file, to a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein particular syslog facility, to the standard error stream, or are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discarded. It can optionally also limit the message severity level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that will be accepted by the channel (the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span>), and whether to include a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>-generated time stamp, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and/or severity level (the default is not to include any).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein causes all messages sent to the channel to be discarded;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that case, other options for the channel are meaningless.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> destination clause directs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to a disk file. It can include limitations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both on how large the file is allowed to become, and how many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file will be saved each time the file is opened.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews If you use the <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> log file
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews option, then
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will retain that many backup
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein versions of the file by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renaming them when opening. For example, if you choose to keep
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three old versions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file <code class="filename">lamers.log</code>, then just
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before it is opened
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code> is renamed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.2</code>, <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code> is renamed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code>, and <code class="filename">lamers.log</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renamed to <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You can say <span><strong class="command">versions unlimited</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the number of versions.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option is associated with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log file,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then renaming is only done when the file being opened exceeds the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated size. No backup versions are kept by default; any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log file is simply appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option for files is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to limit log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein growth. If the file ever exceeds the size, then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop writing to the file unless it has a <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with it. If backup versions are kept, the files are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein described above and a new one begun. If there is no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option, no more data will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be written to the log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein until some out-of-band mechanism removes or truncates the log to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein less than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum size. The default behavior is not to limit the size of
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Example usage of the <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> and
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> options:
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<pre class="programlisting">channel an_example_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "example.log" versions 3 size 20m;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print-time yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print-category yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the system log. Its argument is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog facility as described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. Known facilities are <span><strong class="command">kern</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">user</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">mail</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">auth</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">lpr</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">news</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">uucp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">cron</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">authpriv</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ftp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local0</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local1</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local2</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local3</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local4</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local5</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local6</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local7</strong></span>, however not all facilities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all operating systems.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> will handle messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this facility is described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> man
8a8a1fe98c89d0c683387b15a93b36ee7fe34b77Tinderbox User page. If you have a system which uses a very old version of <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> that
8a8a1fe98c89d0c683387b15a93b36ee7fe34b77Tinderbox User only uses two arguments to the <span><strong class="command">openlog()</strong></span> function,
8a8a1fe98c89d0c683387b15a93b36ee7fe34b77Tinderbox User then this clause is silently ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein On Windows machines syslog messages are directed to the EventViewer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> clause works like <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>'s
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "priorities", except that they can also be used if you are writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein straight to a file rather than using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages which are not at least of the severity level given will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be selected for the channel; messages of higher severity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you are using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, then the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> priorities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will also determine what eventually passes through. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defining a channel facility and severity as <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only logging <span><strong class="command">daemon.warning</strong></span> via <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause messages of severity <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notice</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be dropped. If the situation were reversed, with <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages of only <span><strong class="command">warning</strong></span> or higher,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then <span><strong class="command">syslogd</strong></span> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print all messages it received from the channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the server's standard error stream. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use when the server is running as a foreground process, for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when debugging a configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server can supply extensive debugging information when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is in debugging mode. If the server's global debug level is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than zero, then debugging mode will be active. The global debug
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews level is set either by starting the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the <code class="option">-d</code> flag followed by a positive integer,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or by running <span><strong class="command">rndc trace</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The global debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be set to zero, and debugging mode turned off, by running <span><strong class="command">rndc
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinnotrace</strong></span>. All debugging messages in the server have a debug
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce level, and higher debug levels give more detailed output. Channels
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce that specify a specific debug severity, for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel specific_debug_level {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity debug 3;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will get debugging output of level 3 or less any time the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server is in debugging mode, regardless of the global debugging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level. Channels with <span><strong class="command">dynamic</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's global debug level to determine what messages to print.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> has been turned on,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and time will be logged. <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified for a <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> channel,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but is usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointless since <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> also logs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. If <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requested, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category of the message will be logged as well. Finally, if <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on, then the severity level of the message will be logged. The <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in any combination, and will always be printed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order: time, category, severity. Here is an example where all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options
a3ff24aaa545c45b8c581b2127d02d735aff8881Tinderbox User <code class="computeroutput">28-Feb-2000 15:05:32.863 general: notice: running</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are four predefined channels that are used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>'s default logging as follows.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_category_phrase" title="The category Phrase">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel default_syslog {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // send to syslog's daemon facility
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater syslog daemon;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // only send priority info and higher
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity info;
7c0ebe385b36d64c2424dd5a3e62d441c08e7037Andreas Gustafssonchannel default_debug {
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson // write to named.run in the working directory
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // Note: stderr is used instead of "named.run" if
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // the server is started with the '-f' option.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // log at the server's current debug level
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity dynamic;
7c0ebe385b36d64c2424dd5a3e62d441c08e7037Andreas Gustafssonchannel default_stderr {
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson // writes to stderr
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // only send priority info and higher
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity info;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson // toss anything sent to this channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">default_debug</strong></span> channel has the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein property that it only produces output when the server's debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein nonzero. It normally writes to a file called <code class="filename">named.run</code>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews in the server's working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For security reasons, when the "<code class="option">-u</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option is used, the <code class="filename">named.run</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is created only after <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changed to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein new UID, and any debug output generated while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein starting up and still running as root is discarded. If you need
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to capture this output, you must run the server with the "<code class="option">-g</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option and redirect standard error to a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once a channel is defined, it cannot be redefined. Thus you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot alter the built-in channels directly, but you can modify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default logging by pointing categories at channels you have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_category_phrase"></a>The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are many categories, so you can send the logs you want
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to see wherever you want, without seeing logs you don't want. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you don't specify a list of channels for a category, then log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that category will be sent to the <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span> category
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instead. If you don't specify a default category, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "default default" is used:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As an example, let's say you want to log security events to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a file, but you also want keep the default logging behavior. You'd
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel my_security_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "my_security_file";
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce severity info;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Lucecategory security {
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson my_security_channel;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson default_syslog;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson default_debug;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To discard all messages in a category, specify the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category xfer-out { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeincategory notify { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following are the available categories and brief descriptions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the types of log information they contain. More
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein categories may be added in future <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> releases.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">default</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default category defines the logging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options for those categories where no specific
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">general</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The catch-all. Many things still aren't
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein classified into categories, and they all end up here.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages relating to the databases used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internally by the name server to store zone and cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">config</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Configuration file parsing and processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">resolver</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS resolution, such as the recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lookups performed on behalf of clients by a caching name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-in</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is receiving.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-out</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is sending.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The NOTIFY protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">client</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Processing of client requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">unmatched</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages that <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> was unable to determine the
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater class of or for which there was no matching <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A one line summary is also logged to the <span><strong class="command">client</strong></span> category.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default it is sent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">network</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Network operations.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update-security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of update requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify where queries should be logged to.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At startup, specifying the category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span> will also
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews enable query logging unless <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> option has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The query log entry reports the client's IP
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews address and port number, and the query name,
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews class and type. Next it reports whether the
919c99b7a47dadd4564eb2b48be2f59216d932fcAutomatic Updater Recursion Desired flag was set (+ if set, -
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews if not set), if the query was signed (S),
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews EDNS was in use (E), if TCP was used (T), if
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater DO (DNSSEC Ok) was set (D), or if CD (Checking
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater Disabled) was set (C). After this the
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater destination address the query was sent to is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#62536 (www.example.com): query: www.example.com IN AAAA +SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client ::1#62537 (www.example.net): query: www.example.net IN AAAA -SE</code>
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater (The first part of this log message, showing the
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater client address/port number and query name, is
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater repeated in all subsequent log messages related
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater to the same query.)
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Information about queries that resulted in some
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dispatch</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dispatching of incoming packets to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server modules where they are to be processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dnssec</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC and TSIG protocol processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lame-servers</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Lame servers. These are misconfigurations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in remote servers, discovered by BIND 9 when trying to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query those servers during resolution.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Delegation only. Logs queries that have been
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater forced to NXDOMAIN as the result of a
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater delegation-only zone or a
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span> in a
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User forward, hint or stub zone declaration.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">edns-disabled</strong></span></p>
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews Log queries that have been forced to use plain
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews DNS due to timeouts. This is often due to
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews the remote servers not being RFC 1034 compliant
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews (not always returning FORMERR or similar to
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews EDNS queries and other extensions to the DNS
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews when they are not understood). In other words, this is
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews targeted at servers that fail to respond to
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews DNS queries that they don't understand.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews Note: the log message can also be due to
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews packet loss. Before reporting servers for
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews non-RFC 1034 compliance they should be re-tested
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews to determine the nature of the non-compliance.
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews This testing should prevent or reduce the
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews number of false-positive reports.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews Note: eventually <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will have to stop
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater treating such timeouts as due to RFC 1034 non
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews compliance and start treating it as plain
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews packet loss. Falsely classifying packet
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews loss as due to RFC 1034 non compliance impacts
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews on DNSSEC validation which requires EDNS for
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews the DNSSEC records to be returned.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RPZ</strong></span></p>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Information about errors in response policy zone files,
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater rewritten responses, and at the highest
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> levels, mere rewriting
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The start, periodic, and final notices of the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User rate limiting of a stream of responses are logged at
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span> severity in this category.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User These messages include a hash value of the domain name
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User of the response and the name itself,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User except when there is insufficient memory to record
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the name for the final notice
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The final notice is normally delayed until about one
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User minute after rate limit stops.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User A lack of memory can hurry the final notice,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User in which case it starts with an asterisk (*).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Various internal events are logged at debug 1 level
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Rate limiting of individual requests
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User is logged in the <span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span> category.
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<a name="id2576732"></a>The <span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span> Category</h4></div></div></div>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span> category is
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User specifically intended for debugging purposes: To identify
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User why and how specific queries result in responses which
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User indicate an error.
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User Messages of this category are therefore only logged
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> levels.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 1 or higher, each response with the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater rcode of SERVFAIL is logged as follows:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#61502: query failed (SERVFAIL) for www.example.com/IN/AAAA at query.c:3880</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This means an error resulting in SERVFAIL was
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater detected at line 3880 of source file
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Log messages of this level will particularly
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater help identify the cause of SERVFAIL for an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater authoritative server.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 2 or higher, detailed context
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater information of recursive resolutions that resulted in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL is logged.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The log message will look like as follows:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updaterfetch completed at resolver.c:2970 for www.example.com/A
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updaterin 30.000183: timed out/success [domain:example.com,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updaterreferral:2,restart:7,qrysent:8,timeout:5,lame:0,neterr:0,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updaterbadresp:1,adberr:0,findfail:0,valfail:0]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The first part before the colon shows that a recursive
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater resolution for AAAA records of www.example.com completed
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater in 30.000183 seconds and the final result that led to the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater SERVFAIL was determined at line 2970 of source file
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The following part shows the detected final result and the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater latest result of DNSSEC validation.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The latter is always success when no validation attempt
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In this example, this query resulted in SERVFAIL probably
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater because all name servers are down or unreachable, leading
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to a timeout in 30 seconds.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation was probably not attempted.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The last part enclosed in square brackets shows statistics
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater information collected for this particular resolution
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <code class="varname">domain</code> field shows the deepest zone
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater that the resolver reached;
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater it is the zone where the error was finally detected.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The meaning of the other fields is summarized in the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater following table.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">referral</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of referrals the resolver received
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater throughout the resolution process.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In the above example this is 2, which are most
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">restart</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of cycles that the resolver tried
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater remote servers at the <code class="varname">domain</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In each cycle the resolver sends one query
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater (possibly resending it, depending on the response)
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to each known name server of
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">qrysent</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of queries the resolver sent at the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">timeout</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of timeouts since the resolver
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater received the last response.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of lame servers the resolver detected
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater A server is detected to be lame either by an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater invalid response or as a result of lookup in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater BIND9's address database (ADB), where lame
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater servers are cached.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">neterr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of erroneous results that the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver encountered in sending queries
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case is the remote server is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater unreachable and the resolver receives an ICMP
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater unreachable error message.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">badresp</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of unexpected responses (other than
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">lame</code>) to queries sent by the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">adberr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures in finding remote server addresses
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater of the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone in the ADB.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case of this is that the remote
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater server's name does not have any address records.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">findfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of resolving remote server addresses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is a total number of failures throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">valfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of DNSSEC validation.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Validation failures are counted throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process (not limited to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone), but should
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater only happen in <code class="varname">domain</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 3 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 1 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Note that negative responses such as NXDOMAIN are not
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater regarded as errors here.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 4 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 2 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Unlike the above case of level 3, messages are logged for
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater negative responses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is because any unexpected results can be difficult to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater debug in the recursion case.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2577252"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> {
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> listen-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ;
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> view <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> search { <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ndots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> lwres-tasks <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> lwres-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<a name="id2577349"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statement configures the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to also act as a lightweight resolver server. (See
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User <a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#lwresd" title="Running a Resolver Daemon">the section called “Running a Resolver Daemon”</a>.) There may be multiple
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statements configuring
4e243fdc6b33a6371208b48d64912d8e327b4f5cAndreas Gustafsson lightweight resolver servers with different properties.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statement specifies a
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User IPv4 addresses (and ports) that this instance of a lightweight
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolver daemon
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should accept requests on. If no port is specified, port 921 is
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews If this statement is omitted, requests will be accepted on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement binds this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instance of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lightweight resolver daemon to a view in the DNS namespace, so that
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User response will be constructed in the same manner as a normal DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this view. If this statement is omitted, the default view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used, and if there is no default view, an error is triggered.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It provides a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of domains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which are appended to relative names in queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It indicates the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of dots in a relative domain name that should result in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exact match lookup before search path elements are appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="option">lwres-tasks</code> statement specifies the number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of worker threads the lightweight resolver will dedicate to serving
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients. By default the number is the same as the number of CPUs on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the system; this can be overridden using the <code class="option">-n</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option when starting the server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="option">lwres-clients</code> specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the number of client objects per thread the lightweight
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolver should create to serve client queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By default, if the lightweight resolver runs as a part
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User of <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>, 256 client objects are
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User created for each task; if it runs as <span><strong class="command">lwresd</strong></span>,
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User 1024 client objects are created for each thread. The maximum
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User value is 32768; higher values will be silently ignored and
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User the maximum will be used instead.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User Note that setting too high a value may overconsume
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User system resources.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User The maximum number of client queries that the lightweight
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User resolver can handle at any one time equals
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User <code class="option">lwres-tasks</code> times <code class="option">lwres-clients</code>.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User<a name="id2577445"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User<span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> |
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] };
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User<a name="id2577562"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists allow for a common set of masters to be easily used by
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User multiple stub and slave zones in their <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2577584"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> {
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> attach-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em>; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> version <em class="replaceable"><code>version_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> hostname <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> server-id <em class="replaceable"><code>server_id_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> geoip-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> managed-keys-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> named-xfer <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-keytab <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-credential <em class="replaceable"><code>principal</code></em>; </span>]
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> tkey-domain <em class="replaceable"><code>domainname</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-dhkey <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_tag</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> cache-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dump-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> bindkeys-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> secroots-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> session-keyfile <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> session-keyname <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em>; </span>]
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> session-keyalg <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> memstatistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> memstatistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> pid-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> recursing-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> statistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> auth-nxdomain <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> deallocate-on-exit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> fake-iquery <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> fetch-glue <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> flush-zones-on-shutdown <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> has-old-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> host-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> host-statistics-max <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> minimal-responses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multiple-cnames <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> recursion <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-sit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sit-secret <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-nsid <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> rfc2308-type1 <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-id-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences (<em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <code class="constant">master</code> | <code class="constant">slave</code>); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-validation (<em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <code class="constant">auto</code>); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-lookaside ( <em class="replaceable"><code>auto</code></em> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> trust-anchor <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> ); </span>]
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnssec-must-be-secure <em class="replaceable"><code>domain yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnssec-accept-expired <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forward ( <em class="replaceable"><code>only</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>first</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dual-stack-servers [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] |
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]) ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ... }; </span>]
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-names ( <em class="replaceable"><code>master</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>slave</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>response</code></em> )
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-dup-records ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-mx ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-srv-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-sibling <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-spf ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-new-zones { <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> automatic-interface-scan { <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> }; </span>]
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> geoip-use-ecs <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>;</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-update-mode ( <em class="replaceable"><code>maintain</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>no-resign</code></em> ); </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-loadkeys-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-v6-synthesis { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> blackhole { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> no-case-compress { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> avoid-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> use-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> avoid-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> listen-on [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> listen-on-v6 [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater{ <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> query-source ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] )
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] |
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] )
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-updateinterval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> tcp-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> reserved-sockets <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> recursive-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> serial-query-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> serial-queries <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> tcp-listen-queue <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em>; </span>]
b3c2030de4cc02b8e881ca4e6f62b385d4b41b0fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfers-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-per-ns <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>keyname</code></em></span>] ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>keyname</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> coresize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> datasize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> files <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> stacksize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> heartbeat-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> interface-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> statistics-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> topology { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sortlist { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> rrset-order { <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; ... </span>] </span>] };
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> lame-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ncache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-cache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-zone-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-roots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-expire <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> treat-cr-as-space <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> nta-lifetime <em class="replaceable"><code>duration</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> nta-recheck <em class="replaceable"><code>duration</code></em> ; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em>; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ;
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> additional-from-auth <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> additional-from-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> random-device <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-cache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> match-mapped-addresses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> filter-aaaa-on-v4 ( <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>break-dnssec</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> filter-aaaa-on-v6 ( <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>break-dnssec</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> filter-aaaa { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dns64 <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6-prefix</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> mapped { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> suffix IPv6-address; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> break-dnssec <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein }; </span>];
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dns64-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dns64-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> preferred-glue ( <em class="replaceable"><code>A</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>AAAA</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>NONE</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-rsa-exponent-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> root-delegation-only [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>] ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> querylog <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> disable-algorithms <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>;
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> disable-ds-digests <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>digest_type</code></em>;
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>digest_type</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
66edf659b7e4db8a36edec0beaf507ff3199fc22Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-acache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User (<code class="constant">relative</code>|<code class="constant">full</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> empty-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> empty-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> empty-zones-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> disable-empty-zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> ; </span>]
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> resolver-query-timeout <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-addresses { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-aliases { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
538a83db7509d598da95a93bd7b74ef3112123a4Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> prefetch <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
a17033f2c453688fde9719bced70b44553431759Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> domain <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> ; </span>]
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> responses-per-second [<span class="optional">size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">ratio <em class="replaceable"><code>fixedpoint</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> referrals-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> nodata-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> nxdomains-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> errors-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> all-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> window <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> log-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> qps-scale <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> ipv4-prefix-length <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ipv6-prefix-length <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> slip <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> exempt-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> } ; </span>]
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-table-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-table-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> ;
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> policy <em class="replaceable"><code>given | disabled | passthru | drop | tcp-only | nxdomain | nodata | cname</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-policy-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>] ;
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-policy-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> break-dnssec <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-ns-dots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> qname-wait-recurse <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User<a name="options"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
a8a5c3eb62ea3256fd015fffd12a8a7552331df9Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement sets up global
a8a5c3eb62ea3256fd015fffd12a8a7552331df9Tinderbox User to be used by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>. This statement
a8a5c3eb62ea3256fd015fffd12a8a7552331df9Tinderbox User may appear only
a8a5c3eb62ea3256fd015fffd12a8a7552331df9Tinderbox User once in a configuration file. If there is no <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
a8a5c3eb62ea3256fd015fffd12a8a7552331df9Tinderbox User statement, an options block with each option set to its default will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allows multiple views to share a single cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each view has its own cache database by default, but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if multiple views have the same operational policy
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for name resolution and caching, those views can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein share a single cache to save memory and possibly
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews improve resolution efficiency by using this option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may also be specified in <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements, in which case it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em> specifies
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the cache to be shared.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater When the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server configures
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater views which are supposed to share a cache, it
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater creates a cache with the specified name for the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater first view of these sharing views.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The rest of the views will simply refer to the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater already created cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater One common configuration to share a cache would be to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater allow all views to share a single cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater This can be done by specifying
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> as a global
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater option with an arbitrary name.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Another possible operation is to allow a subset of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater all views to share a cache while the others to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater retain their own caches.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater For example, if there are three views A, B, and C,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater and only A and B should share a cache, specify the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option as a view A (or
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater B)'s option, referring to the other view name:
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view has its own cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view refers to A's cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater attach-cache "A";
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view has its own cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Views that share a cache must have the same policy
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater on configurable parameters that may affect caching.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The current implementation requires the following
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater configurable options be consistent among these
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span>, and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Note that there may be other parameters that may
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater cause confusion if they are inconsistent for
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater different views that share a single cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater For example, if these views define different sets of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater forwarders that can return different answers for the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater same question, sharing the answer does not make
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater sense or could even be harmful.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater It is administrator's responsibility to ensure
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater configuration differences in different views do
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater not cause disruption with a shared cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">directory</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The working directory of the server.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Any non-absolute pathnames in the configuration file will be
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater as relative to this directory. The default location for most
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater output files (e.g. <code class="filename">named.run</code>)
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater is this directory.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If a directory is not specified, the working directory
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater defaults to `<code class="filename">.</code>', the directory from
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater which the server
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater was started. The directory specified should be an absolute
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">geoip-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the directory containing GeoIP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">.dat</code> database files for GeoIP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein initialization. By default, this option is unset
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the GeoIP support will use libGeoIP's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built-in directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (For details, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl" title="acl Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a> about the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">geoip</strong></span> ACL.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When performing dynamic update of secure zones, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein directory where the public and private DNSSEC key files
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User should be found, if different than the current working
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User directory. (Note that this option has no effect on the
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User paths for files containing non-DNSSEC keys such as
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User Specifies the directory in which to store the files that
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User track managed DNSSEC keys. By default, this is the working
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is not configured to use views,
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater then managed keys for the server will be tracked in a single
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater file called <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind</code>.
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater Otherwise, managed keys will be tracked in separate files,
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater one file per view; each file name will be the SHA256 hash
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater of the view name, followed by the extension
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span></span></dt>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete.</em></span> It
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to specify
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User the pathname to the <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User program. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, no separate
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span> program is needed;
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User its functionality is built into the name server.
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-gssapi-keytab</strong></span></span></dt>
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User The KRB5 keytab file to use for GSS-TSIG updates. If
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User this option is set and tkey-gssapi-credential is not
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User set, then updates will be allowed with any key
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User matching a principal in the specified keytab.
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-gssapi-credential</strong></span></span></dt>
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User The security credential with which the server should
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User authenticate keys requested by the GSS-TSIG protocol.
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User Currently only Kerberos 5 authentication is available
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User and the credential is a Kerberos principal which the
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User server can acquire through the default system key
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User file, normally <code class="filename">/etc/krb5.keytab</code>.
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User The location keytab file can be overridden using the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein tkey-gssapi-keytab option. Normally this principal is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the form "<strong class="userinput"><code>DNS/</code></strong><code class="varname">server.domain</code>".
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews To use GSS-TSIG, <span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span> must
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews also be set if a specific keytab is not set with
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews tkey-gssapi-keytab.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The domain appended to the names of all shared keys
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater generated with <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. When a
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater client requests a <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span> exchange,
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater it may or may not specify the desired name for the
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater key. If present, the name of the shared key will
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater be <code class="varname">client specified part</code> +
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>. Otherwise, the
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater name of the shared key will be <code class="varname">random hex
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews digits</code> + <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews In most cases, the <span><strong class="command">domainname</strong></span>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews should be the server's domain name, or an otherwise
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews non-existent subdomain like
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews "_tkey.<code class="varname">domainname</code>". If you are
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater using GSS-TSIG, this variable must be defined, unless
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater you specify a specific keytab using tkey-gssapi-keytab.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-dhkey</strong></span></span></dt>
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater The Diffie-Hellman key used by the server
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater to generate shared keys with clients using the Diffie-Hellman
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater of <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. The server must be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein able to load the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein public and private keys from files in the working directory.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews most cases, the keyname should be the server's host name.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cache-file</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews This is for testing only. Do not use.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dump-file</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The pathname of the file the server dumps
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews the database to when instructed to do so with
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">rndc dumpdb</strong></span>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named_dump.db</code>.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server writes memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein usage statistics to on exit. If not specified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default is <code class="filename">named.memstats</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pid-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in. If not specified, the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The PID file is used by programs that want to send signals to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name server. Specifying <span><strong class="command">pid-file none</strong></span> disables the
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews use of a PID file — no file will be written and any
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews existing one will be removed. Note that <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews is a keyword, not a filename, and therefore is not enclosed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein double quotes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursing-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server dumps
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the queries that are currently recursing when instructed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to do so with <span><strong class="command">rndc recursing</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.recursing</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews The pathname of the file the server appends statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to when instructed to do so using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.stats</code> in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's current directory. The format of the file is
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">bindkeys-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of a file to override the built-in trusted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys provided by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the discussion of <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews and <span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span> for details.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">secroots-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews The pathname of the file the server dumps
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews security roots to when instructed to do so with
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">rndc secroots</strong></span>.
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews If not specified, the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file into which to write a TSIG
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein session key generated by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> for use by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span>. If not specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default is <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews (See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>, and in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein particular the discussion of the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement's
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong> option for more
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater information about this feature.)
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyname</strong></span></span></dt>
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater The key name to use for the TSIG session key.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is "local-ddns".
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyalg</strong></span></span></dt>
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater The algorithm to use for the TSIG session key.
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater Valid values are hmac-sha1, hmac-sha224, hmac-sha256,
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater hmac-sha384, hmac-sha512 and hmac-md5. If not
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater specified, the default is hmac-sha256.
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">port</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The UDP/TCP port number the server uses for
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater receiving and sending DNS protocol traffic.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The default is 53. This option is mainly intended for server
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater a server using a port other than 53 will not be able to
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater communicate with
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater the global DNS.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The source of entropy to be used by the server. Entropy is
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater primarily needed
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater for DNSSEC operations, such as TKEY transactions and dynamic
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater update of signed
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater zones. This options specifies the device (or file) from which
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater entropy. If this is a file, operations requiring entropy will
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater file has been exhausted. If not specified, the default value
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater (or equivalent) when present, and none otherwise. The
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span> option takes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein effect during
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the initial configuration load at server startup time and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is ignored on subsequent reloads.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">preferred-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If specified, the listed type (A or AAAA) will be emitted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before other glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the additional section of a query response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is not to prefer any type (NONE).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="root_delegation_only"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Turn on enforcement of delegation-only in TLDs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (top level domains) and root zones with an optional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exclude list.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DS queries are expected to be made to and be answered by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delegation only zones. Such queries and responses are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treated as an exception to delegation-only processing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses provided
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a CNAME is not discovered at the query name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a delegation only zone server also serves a child
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone it is not always possible to determine whether
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an answer comes from the delegation only zone or the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews child zone. SOA NS and DNSKEY records are apex
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only records and a matching response that contains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein these records or DS is treated as coming from a
285254345ce5ab270848f8c11f7be146793f1e00Mark Andrews child zone. RRSIG records are also examined to see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if they are signed by a child zone or not. The
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater authority section is also examined to see if there
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater is evidence that the answer is from the child zone.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Answers that are determined to be from a child zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses. Despite
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all these checks there is still a possibility of
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater false negatives when a child zone is being served.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Similarly false positives can arise from empty nodes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (no records at the name) in the delegation only zone
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater when the query type is not ANY.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Note some TLDs are not delegation only (e.g. "DE", "LV",
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater "US" and "MUSEUM"). This list is not exhaustive.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater root-delegation-only exclude { "de"; "lv"; "us"; "museum"; };
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Disable the specified DNSSEC algorithms at and below the
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater specified name.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Multiple <span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater statements are allowed.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Only the best match <span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater clause will be used to determine which algorithms are used.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater If all supported algorithms are disabled, the zones covered
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater by the <span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span> will be treated
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-ds-digests</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disable the specified DS/DLV digest types at and below the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified name.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Multiple <span><strong class="command">disable-ds-digests</strong></span>
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews statements are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only the best match <span><strong class="command">disable-ds-digests</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clause will be used to determine which digest types are used.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User If all supported digest types are disabled, the zones covered
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span><strong class="command">disable-ds-digests</strong></span> will be treated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as insecure.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span></span></dt>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User When set, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> provides the
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User validator with an alternate method to validate DNSKEY
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User records at the top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User below a domain specified by the deepest
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>, and the normal DNSSEC
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User validation has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User will be appended to the key name and a DLV record will be
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User looked up to see if it can validate the key. If the DLV
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User record validates a DNSKEY (similarly to the way a DS
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User record does) the DNSKEY RRset is deemed to be trusted.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, then built-in default
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User values for the DLV domain and trust anchor will be
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User used, along with a built-in key for validation.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then dnssec-lookaside
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater The default DLV key is stored in the file
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will load that key at
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater startup if <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <code class="constant">auto</code>. A copy of the file is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater installed along with <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, and is
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater current as of the release date. If the DLV key expires, a
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater new copy of <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> can be downloaded
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater from <a href="https://www.isc.org/solutions/dlv/" target="_top">https://www.isc.org/solutions/dlv/</a>.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater (To prevent problems if <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater not found, the current key is also compiled in to
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. Relying on this is not
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater recommended, however, as it requires <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater to be recompiled with a new key when the DLV key expires.)
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater NOTE: <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> only loads certain specific
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater keys from <code class="filename">bind.keys</code>: those for the
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater DLV zone and for the DNS root zone. The file cannot be
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater used to store keys for other zones.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-must-be-secure</strong></span></span></dt>
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater Specify hierarchies which must be or may not be secure
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater (signed and validated). If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will only accept answers if
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater they are secure. If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then normal
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation applies allowing for insecure answers to
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater be accepted. The specified domain must be under a
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> or
e31a258ca6ef845faf483fa8f04921e8841d3213Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, or
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> must be active.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dns64</strong></span></span></dt>
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater This directive instructs <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater return mapped IPv4 addresses to AAAA queries when
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater there are no AAAA records. It is intended to be
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater used in conjunction with a NAT64. Each
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dns64</strong></span> defines one DNS64 prefix.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater Multiple DNS64 prefixes can be defined.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater Compatible IPv6 prefixes have lengths of 32, 40, 48, 56,
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater 64 and 96 as per RFC 6052.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater Additionally a reverse IP6.ARPA zone will be created for
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater the prefix to provide a mapping from the IP6.ARPA names
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater to the corresponding IN-ADDR.ARPA names using synthesized
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater CNAMEs. <span><strong class="command">dns64-server</strong></span> and
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dns64-contact</strong></span> can be used to specify
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater the name of the server and contact for the zones. These
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater are settable at the view / options level. These are
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater not settable on a per-prefix basis.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Each <span><strong class="command">dns64</strong></span> supports an optional
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">clients</strong></span> ACL that determines which
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater clients are affected by this directive. If not defined,
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater it defaults to <strong class="userinput"><code>any;</code></strong>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Each <span><strong class="command">dns64</strong></span> supports an optional
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">mapped</strong></span> ACL that selects which
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater IPv4 addresses are to be mapped in the corresponding
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater A RRset. If not defined it defaults to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>any;</code></strong>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Normally, DNS64 won't apply to a domain name that
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater owns one or more AAAA records; these records will
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater simply be returned. The optional
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">exclude</strong></span> ACL allows specification
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater of a list of IPv6 addresses that will be ignored
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater if they appear in a domain name's AAAA records, and
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater DNS64 will be applied to any A records the domain
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater name owns. If not defined, <span><strong class="command">exclude</strong></span>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater defaults to none.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater A optional <span><strong class="command">suffix</strong></span> can also
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater be defined to set the bits trailing the mapped
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater IPv4 address bits. By default these bits are
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater set to <strong class="userinput"><code>::</code></strong>. The bits
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater matching the prefix and mapped IPv4 address
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">recursive-only</strong></span> is set to
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> the DNS64 synthesis will
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater only happen for recursive queries. The default
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">break-dnssec</strong></span> is set to
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> the DNS64 synthesis will
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater happen even if the result, if validated, would
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater cause a DNSSEC validation failure. If this option
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater is set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> (the default), the DO
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater is set on the incoming query, and there are RRSIGs on
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater the applicable records, then synthesis will not happen.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater acl rfc1918 { 10/8; 192.168/16; 172.16/12; };
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater dns64 64:FF9B::/96 {
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater clients { any; };
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater mapped { !rfc1918; any; };
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater exclude { 64:FF9B::/96; ::ffff:0000:0000/96; };
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-update-mode</strong></span></span></dt>
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater If this option is set to its default value of
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <code class="literal">maintain</code> in a zone of type
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <code class="literal">master</code> which is DNSSEC-signed
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater and configured to allow dynamic updates (see
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>), and
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater if <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> has access to the
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater private signing key(s) for the zone, then
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will automatically sign all new
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater or changed records and maintain signatures for the zone
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater by regenerating RRSIG records whenever they approach
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater their expiration date.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater If the option is changed to <code class="literal">no-resign</code>,
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will sign all new or
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater changed records, but scheduled maintenance of
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater signatures is disabled.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater With either of these settings, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater will reject updates to a DNSSEC-signed zone when the
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater signing keys are inactive or unavailable to
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. (A planned third option,
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <code class="literal">external</code>, will disable all automatic
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater signing and allow DNSSEC data to be submitted into a zone
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater via dynamic update; this is not yet implemented.)
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">nta-lifetime</strong></span></span></dt>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater Species the default lifetime, in seconds,
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater that will be used for negative trust anchors added
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater via <span><strong class="command">rndc nta</strong></span>.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater A negative trust anchor selectively disables
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater DNSSEC validation for zones that known to be
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater failing because of misconfiguration rather than
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater an attack. When data to be validated is
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater at or below an active NTA (and above any other
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater configured trust anchors), <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater abort the DNSSEC validation process and treat the data as
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater insecure rather than bogus. This continues until the
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater NTA's lifetime is elapsed, or until the server is
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater restarted (NTA's do not persist across restarts).
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater For convenience, TTL-style time unit suffixes can be
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater used to specify the NTA lifetime in seconds, minutes
9ca53742af3671da346701a61cac8188eadc4674Tinderbox User or hours. <code class="option">nta-lifetime</code> defaults to
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater one hour. It cannot exceed one day.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">nta-recheck</strong></span></span></dt>
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User Species how often to check whether negative
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User trust anchors added via <span><strong class="command">rndc nta</strong></span>
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User are still necessary.
6478b87fd23bcd3ab74c25b261021fe19a239c4fTinderbox User A negative trust anchor is normally used when a
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User domain has stopped validating due to operator error;
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User it temporarily disables DNSSEC validation for that
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User domain. In the interest of ensuring that DNSSEC
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User validation is turned back on as soon as possible,
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will periodically send a
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User query to the domain, ignoring negative trust anchors,
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User to find out whether it can now be validated. If so,
6478b87fd23bcd3ab74c25b261021fe19a239c4fTinderbox User the negative trust anchor is allowed to expire early.
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User Validity checks can be disabled for an individual
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User NTA by using <span><strong class="command">rndc nta -f</strong></span>, or
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User for all NTA's by setting <code class="option">nta-recheck</code>
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User For convenience, TTL-style time unit suffixes can be
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User used to specify the NTA recheck interval in seconds,
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User minutes or hours. The default is five minutes.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-zone-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User Specifies a maximum permissible TTL value.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User When loading a zone file using a
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User <code class="option">masterfile-format</code> of
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User <code class="constant">text</code> or <code class="constant">raw</code>,
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User any record encountered with a TTL higher than
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User <code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> will cause the zone to
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User This is useful in DNSSEC-signed zones because when
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User rolling to a new DNSKEY, the old key needs to remain
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User available until RRSIG records have expired from
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User caches. The<code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> option guarantees
6478b87fd23bcd3ab74c25b261021fe19a239c4fTinderbox User that the largest TTL in the zone will be no higher
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User the set value.
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User (NOTE: Because <code class="constant">map</code>-format files
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User load directly into memory, this option cannot be
78ec962d9828200d18cd0e41b7d6b9792a74923dTinderbox User used with them.)
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>full</code></strong>, the server will collect
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User statistical data on all zones (unless specifically
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User turned off on a per-zone basis by specifying
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics terse</strong></span> or
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics none</strong></span>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement).
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>terse</code></strong>, providing
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User minimal statistics on zones (including name and
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User current serial number, but not query type
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User These statistics may be accessed via the
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">statistics-channel</strong></span> or
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>, which
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User will dump them to the file listed
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User in the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span>. See
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User also <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User For backward compatibility with earlier versions
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User of BIND 9, the <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User option can also accept <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>; <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User has the same meaning as <strong class="userinput"><code>full</code></strong>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User As of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.10,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> has the same meaning
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User as <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>; previously, it
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User was the same as <strong class="userinput"><code>terse</code></strong>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<a name="boolean_options"></a>Boolean Options</h4></div></div></div>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">automatic-interface-scan</strong></span></span></dt>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and supported by the OS,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User automatically rescan network interfaces when the interface
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User addresses are added or removed. The default is
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Currently the OS needs to support routing sockets for
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">automatic-interface-scan</strong></span> to be
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-new-zones</strong></span></span></dt>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then zones can be
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User added at runtime via <span><strong class="command">rndc addzone</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User or deleted via <span><strong class="command">rndc delzone</strong></span>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the <span><strong class="command">AA</strong></span> bit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is always set on NXDOMAIN responses, even if the server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>;
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User a change from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8. If you
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User are using very old DNS software, you
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User may need to set it to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">deallocate-on-exit</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User 8 to enable checking
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User for memory leaks on exit. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option and always performs
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics</strong></span></span></dt>
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater Write memory statistics to the file specified by
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span> at exit.
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> unless
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater '-m record' is specified on the command line in
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater which case it is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server treats all zones as if they are doing zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a dial-on-demand dialup link, which can be brought up by
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews originating from this server. This has different effects
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to zone type and concentrates the zone maintenance so that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein happens in a short interval, once every <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hopefully during the one call. It also suppresses some of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone maintenance traffic. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> option
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews may also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> and
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements,
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater in which case it overrides the global <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews If the zone is a master zone, then the server will send out a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein request to all the slaves (default). This should trigger the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number check in the slave (providing it supports NOTIFY)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowing the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to verify the zone while the connection is active.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The set of servers to which NOTIFY is sent can be controlled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is a slave or stub zone, then the server will suppress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "zone up to date" (refresh) queries and only perform them
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> expires in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addition to sending
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NOTIFY requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Finer control can be achieved by using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong> which only sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong> which sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages and
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews suppresses the normal refresh queries, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which suppresses normal refresh processing and sends refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expires, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong> which just disables normal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein normal refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein heart-beat refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein heart-beat notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> (default)</p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">refresh</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify-passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that normal NOTIFY processing is not affected by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fake-iquery</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enabled simulating the obsolete DNS query type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IQUERY. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 never does
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IQUERY simulation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, <strong class="userinput"><code>fetch-glue yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caused the server to attempt to fetch glue resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein didn't have when constructing the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data section of a response. This is now considered a bad
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and BIND 9 never does it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the nameserver exits due receiving SIGTERM,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein flush or do not flush any pending zone writes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">geoip-use-ecs</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When BIND is compiled with GeoIP support and configured
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with "geoip" ACL elements, this option indicates whether
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews the EDNS Client Subnet option, if present in a request,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be used for matching against the GeoIP database.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">geoip-use-ecs</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was incorrectly implemented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, and is ignored by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To achieve the intended effect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the two separate options <span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> instead.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, this enables keeping of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statistics for every host that the name server interacts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">maintain-ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User It was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User determine whether a transaction log was
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User kept for Incremental Zone Transfer. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains a transaction
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User log whenever possible. If you need to disable outgoing
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User incremental zone
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User transfers, use <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">minimal-responses</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when generating
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews responses the server will only add records to the authority
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and additional data sections when they are required (e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delegations, negative responses). This may improve the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein performance of the server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multiple-cnames</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a domain name to have multiple CNAME records in violation of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the DNS standards. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.2 onwards
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein always strictly enforces the CNAME rules both in master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein files and dynamic updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> (the default),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS NOTIFY messages are sent when a zone the server is
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews authoritative for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changes, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#notify" title="Notify">the section called “Notify”</a>. The messages are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers listed in the zone's NS records (except the master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server identified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the SOA MNAME field), and to any servers listed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> option.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>master-only</code></strong>, notifies are only
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for master zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>explicit</code></strong>, notifies are sent only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers explicitly listed using <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, no notifies are sent.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> option may also be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in which case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options notify</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It would only be necessary to turn off this option if it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caused slaves
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> do not check the nameservers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the NS RRset against the SOA MNAME. Normally a NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein message is not sent to the SOA MNAME (SOA ORIGIN) as it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supposed to contain the name of the ultimate master.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sometimes, however, a slave is listed as the SOA MNAME in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hidden master configurations and in that case you would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein want the ultimate master to still send NOTIFY messages to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all the nameservers listed in the NS RRset.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS query requests recursion, then the server will attempt
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all the work required to answer the query. If recursion is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the server does not already know the answer, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referral response. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that setting <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> does not prevent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients from getting data from the server's cache; it only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prevents new data from being cached as an effect of client
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Caching may still occur as an effect the server's internal
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews operation, such as NOTIFY address lookups.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews See also <span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span> above.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-nsid</strong></span></span></dt>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an empty EDNS(0)
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews NSID (Name Server Identifier) option is sent with all
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews queries to authoritative name servers during iterative
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews resolution. If the authoritative server returns an NSID
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews option in its response, then its contents are logged in
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews the <span><strong class="command">resolver</strong></span> category at level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-sit</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then a SIT (Source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identity Token) EDNS option is sent along with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the query. If the resolver has previously talked
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the server, the SIT returned in the previous
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transaction is sent. This is used by the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to determine whether the resolver has talked to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it before. A resolver sending the correct SIT is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein assumed not to be an off-path attacker sending a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein spoofed-source query; the query is therefore
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unlikely to be part of a reflection/amplification
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein attack, so resolvers sending a correct SIT option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are not subject to response rate limiting (RRL).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Resolvers which do not send a correct SIT option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be limited to receiving smaller responses via
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">nosit-udp-size</strong></span> option.
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sit-secret</strong></span></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User If set, this is a shared secret used for generating
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User and verifying Source Identity Token EDNS options
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User within a anycast cluster. If not set the system
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User will generate a random secret at startup. The
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User shared secret is encoded as a hex string and needs
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User to be 128 bits for AES128, 160 bits for SHA1 and
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User 256 bits for SHA256.
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span></span></dt>
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User Setting this to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> will
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User cause the server to send NS records along with the SOA
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User record for negative
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User answers. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User Not yet implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-id-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 always allocates query
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User IDs from a pool.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User If you need to disable IXFR to a particular server or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the information on the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#incremental_zone_transfers" title="Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)">the section called “Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> in
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> in
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-expire</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">request-expire</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">treat-cr-as-space</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server treat carriage return ("<span><strong class="command">\r</strong></span>") characters the same way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as a space or tab character,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to facilitate loading of zone files on a UNIX system that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein were generated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on an NT or DOS machine. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, both UNIX "<span><strong class="command">\n</strong></span>"
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews and NT/DOS "<span><strong class="command">\r\n</strong></span>" newlines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are always accepted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the option is ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-auth</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options control the behavior of an authoritative
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User answering queries which have additional data, or when
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User following CNAME
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User and DNAME chains.
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User When both of these options are set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User (the default) and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query is being answered from authoritative data (a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configured into the server), the additional data section of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reply will be filled in using data from other authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and from the cache. In some situations this is undesirable,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as when there is concern over the correctness of the cache,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in servers where slave zones may be added and modified by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein untrusted third parties. Also, avoiding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the search for this additional data will speed up server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at the possible expense of additional queries to resolve
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise be provided in the additional section.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, if a query asks for an MX record for host <code class="literal">foo.example.com</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the record found is "<code class="literal">MX 10 mail.example.net</code>", normally the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records (A and AAAA) for <code class="literal">mail.example.net</code> will be provided as well,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if known, even though they are not in the example.com zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting these options to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables this behavior and makes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server only search for additional data in the zone it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers from.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options are intended for use in authoritative-only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers, or in authoritative-only views. Attempts to set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein them to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> without also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> will cause the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ignore the options and log a warning message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span> actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables the use of the cache not only for additional data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but also when looking up the answer. This is usually the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behavior in an authoritative-only server where the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein correctness of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the cached data is an issue.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a name server is non-recursively queried for a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below the apex of any served zone, it normally answers with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "upwards referral" to the root servers or the servers of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein known parent of the query name. Since the data in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein upwards referral
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comes from the cache, the server will not be able to provide
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referrals when <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has been specified. Instead, it will respond to such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with REFUSED. This should not cause any problems since
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein upwards referrals are not required for the resolution
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">match-mapped-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4-mapped IPv6 address will match any address match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list entries that match the corresponding IPv4 address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was introduced to work around a kernel quirk
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in some operating systems that causes IPv4 TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connections, such as zone transfers, to be accepted on an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 socket using mapped addresses. This caused address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match lists designed for IPv4 to fail to match. However,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> now solves this problem
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internally. The use of this option is discouraged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is only available when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 is compiled with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>--enable-filter-aaaa</code></strong> option on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "configure" command line. It is intended to help the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transition from IPv4 to IPv6 by not giving IPv6 addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to DNS clients unless they have connections to the IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Internet. This is not recommended unless absolutely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein necessary. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span> option
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater may also be specified in <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to override the global <span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater the DNS client is at an IPv4 address, in <span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa</strong></span>,
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater and if the response does not include DNSSEC signatures,
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater then all AAAA records are deleted from the response.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater This filtering applies to all responses and not only
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater authoritative responses.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>break-dnssec</code></strong>,
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater then AAAA records are deleted even when DNSSEC is enabled.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater As suggested by the name, this makes the response not verify,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater because the DNSSEC protocol is designed detect deletions.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater This mechanism can erroneously cause other servers to
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater not give AAAA records to their clients.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater A recursing server with both IPv6 and IPv4 network connections
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater that queries an authoritative server using this mechanism
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater via IPv4 will be denied AAAA records even if its client is
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater This mechanism is applied to authoritative as well as
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater non-authoritative records.
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater A client using IPv4 that is not allowed recursion can
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater erroneously be given AAAA records because the server is not
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater allowed to check for A records.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Some AAAA records are given to IPv4 clients in glue records.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater IPv4 clients that are servers can then erroneously
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater answer requests for AAAA records received via IPv4.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
2cc7515f8a0c2f5f86ec85a853c7cb855b3d9536Tinderbox User Identical to <span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater except it filters AAAA responses to queries from IPv6
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater clients instead of IPv4 clients. To filter all
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater responses, set both options to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater When <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and the server loads a new
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater version of a master zone from its zone file or receives a
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater new version of a slave file via zone transfer, it will
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater compare the new version to the previous one and calculate
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater a set of differences. The differences are then logged in
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater the zone's journal file such that the changes can be
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater transmitted to downstream slaves as an incremental zone
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater By allowing incremental zone transfers to be used for
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater non-dynamic zones, this option saves bandwidth at the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater expense of increased CPU and memory consumption at the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater In particular, if the new version of a zone is completely
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater different from the previous one, the set of differences
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater will be of a size comparable to the combined size of the
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User old and new zone version, and the server will need to
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User temporarily allocate memory to hold this complete
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User difference set.
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User also accepts <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> at the view and options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein levels which causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> to be enabled for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> or
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones respectively.
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater It is off by default.
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses refer to different machines. If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the serial number on the master is less than what <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enable DNSSEC support in <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. Unless set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> behaves as if it does not support DNSSEC.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Enable DNSSEC validation in <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note <span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> to be effective.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, DNSSEC validation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is disabled. If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC validation is enabled, and a default
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater trust-anchor for the DNS root zone is used. If set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, DNSSEC validation is enabled,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but a trust anchor must be manually configured using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span></span></dt>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Accept expired signatures when verifying DNSSEC signatures.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting this option to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein leaves <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> vulnerable to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replay attacks.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span></span></dt>
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews Specify whether query logging should be started when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> is not specified,
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews then the query logging
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater is determined by the presence of the logging category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span>.
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater This option is used to restrict the character set and syntax
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater from the network. The default varies according to usage
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones the default
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews For answers received from the network (<span><strong class="command">response</strong></span>)
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews the default is <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater The rules for legal hostnames and mail domains are derived
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater from RFC 952 and RFC 821 as modified by RFC 1123.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein applies to the owner names of A, AAAA and MX records.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater It also applies to the domain names in the RDATA of NS, SOA,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews MX, and SRV records.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews It also applies to the RDATA of PTR records where the owner
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name indicated that it is a reverse lookup of a hostname
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (the owner name ends in IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA, or IP6.INT).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-dup-records</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Check master zones for records that are treated as different
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by DNSSEC but are semantically equal in plain DNS. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>. Other possible
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Check whether the MX record appears to refer to a IP address.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>. Other possible
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to check for non-terminal wildcards.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The use of non-terminal wildcards is almost always as a
f02216f5b390ff0a589fa080f29350fd7794bf5cMark Andrews result of a failure
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews affects master zones. The default (<span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>) is to check
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for non-terminal wildcards and issue a warning.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater Perform post load zone integrity checks on master
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater zones. This checks that MX and SRV records refer
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater to address (A or AAAA) records and that glue
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater address records exist for delegated zones. For
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater MX and SRV records only in-zone hostnames are
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater checked (for out-of-zone hostnames use
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>).
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater For NS records only names below top of zone are
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews checked (for out-of-zone names and glue consistency
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews checks use <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The use of the SPF record for publishing Sender
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Policy Framework is deprecated as the migration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from using TXT records to SPF records was abandoned.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enabling this option also checks that a TXT Sender
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Policy Framework record exists (starts with "v=spf1")
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if there is an SPF record. Warnings are emitted if the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TXT record does not exist and can be suppressed with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-spf</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User fail, warn or ignore MX records that refer
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-srv-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater fail, warn or ignore SRV records that refer
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater When performing integrity checks, also check that
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User sibling glue exists. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-spf</strong></span></span></dt>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User check that there is a TXT Sender Policy Framework
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User record present (starts with "v=spf1") if there is an
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User SPF record present. The default is
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews When returning authoritative negative responses to
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews SOA queries set the TTL of the SOA record returned in
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews the authority section to zero.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews When caching a negative response to a SOA query
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews set the TTL to zero.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews When set to the default value of <code class="literal">yes</code>,
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews check the KSK bit in each key to determine how the key
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews should be used when generating RRSIGs for a secure zone.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User Ordinarily, zone-signing keys (that is, keys without the
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User KSK bit set) are used to sign the entire zone, while
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User key-signing keys (keys with the KSK bit set) are only
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User used to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User However, if this option is set to <code class="literal">no</code>,
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User then the KSK bit is ignored; KSKs are treated as if they
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews were ZSKs and are used to sign the entire zone. This is
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews similar to the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone -z</strong></span>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews command line option.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews When this option is set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, there
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews must be at least two active keys for every algorithm
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews represented in the DNSKEY RRset: at least one KSK and one
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews ZSK per algorithm. If there is any algorithm for which
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews this requirement is not met, this option will be ignored
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews for that algorithm.
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater When this option and <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater are both set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, only key-signing
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater keys (that is, keys with the KSK bit set) will be used
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex. Zone-signing
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater keys (keys without the KSK bit set) will be used to sign
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the remainder of the zone, but not the DNSKEY RRset.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater This is similar to the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone -x</strong></span> command line option.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>. If
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span> is set to
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">no</code>, this option is ignored.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater When a zone is configured with <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater maintain;</strong></span> its key repository must be checked
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater periodically to see if any new keys have been added
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater or any existing keys' timing metadata has been updated
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater (see <a href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></span>(8)</a> and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <a href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></span>(8)</a>). The
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span> option
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater sets the frequency of automatic repository checks, in
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater minutes. The default is <code class="literal">60</code> (1 hour),
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the minimum is <code class="literal">1</code> (1 minute), and the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater maximum is <code class="literal">1440</code> (24 hours); any higher
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater value is silently reduced.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Try to refresh the zone using TCP if UDP queries fail.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater For BIND 8 compatibility, the default is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Allow a dynamic zone to transition from secure to
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater insecure (i.e., signed to unsigned) by deleting all
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater of the DNSKEY records. The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater If set to <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, and if the DNSKEY RRset
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater at the zone apex is deleted, all RRSIG and NSEC records
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater will be removed from the zone as well.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater If the zone uses NSEC3, then it is also necessary to
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater delete the NSEC3PARAM RRset from the zone apex; this will
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater cause the removal of all corresponding NSEC3 records.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater (It is expected that this requirement will be eliminated
77b7c54f1aa220a2f806b5883161c3027f62b1dbTinderbox User in a future release.)
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater Note that if a zone has been configured with
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec maintain</strong></span> and the
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater private keys remain accessible in the key repository,
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews then the zone will be automatically signed again the
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews next time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is started.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<a name="id2584272"></a>Forwarding</h4></div></div></div>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater name servers. It can also be used to allow queries by servers that
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater do not have direct access to the Internet, but wish to look up
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater names anyway. Forwarding occurs only on those queries for which
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater the server is not authoritative and does not have the answer in
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater This option is only meaningful if the
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater forwarders list is not empty. A value of <code class="varname">first</code>,
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater the default, causes the server to query the forwarders
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater first — and
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater if that doesn't answer the question, the server will then
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater the answer itself. If <code class="varname">only</code> is
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater specified, the
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater server will only query the forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the IP addresses to be used
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User for forwarding. The default is the empty list (no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarding).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Forwarding can also be configured on a per-domain basis, allowing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the global forwarding options to be overridden in a variety
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of ways. You can set particular domains to use different
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or have a different <span><strong class="command">forward only/first</strong></span> behavior,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or not forward at all, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statement Grammar”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<a name="id2584467"></a>Dual-stack Servers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein problems in reachability due the lack of support for either IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the host machine.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies host names or addresses of machines with access to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both IPv4 and IPv6 transports. If a hostname is used, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server must be able
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to resolve the name using only the transport it has. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein machine is dual
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stacked, then the <span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span> have no effect unless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein access to a transport has been disabled on the command line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (e.g. <span><strong class="command">named -4</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="access_control"></a>Access Control</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Access to the server can be restricted based on the IP address
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User of the requesting system. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a> for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein details on how to specify IP address lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein notify this server, a slave, of zone changes in addition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the zone masters.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> may also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement, in which case
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. It is only meaningful
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a slave zone. If not specified, the default is to
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews process notify messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only from a zone's master.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to ask ordinary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS questions. <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which case it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-query</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from all hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is now
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to specify access to the cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which local addresses can accept ordinary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS questions. This makes it possible, for instance,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to allow queries on internal-facing interfaces but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disallow them on external-facing ones, without
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein necessarily knowing the internal network's addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> is only
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews checked for queries that are permitted by
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>. A query must be
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews allowed by both ACLs, or it will be refused.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> may
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which case it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-query-on</strong></span> statement.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews If not specified, the default is to allow queries
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews on all addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews used to specify access to the cache.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to get answers
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User from the cache. If <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User is not set then <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User is used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User is used if set unless <span><strong class="command">recursion no;</strong></span> is
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User set in which case <span><strong class="command">none;</strong></span> is used,
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User otherwise the default (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies which local addresses can give answers
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews from the cache. If not specified, the default is
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews to allow cache queries on any address,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span> and
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to make recursive
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews queries through this server. If
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span> is not set
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews then <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews is used if set, otherwise the default
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span></span></dt>
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews Specifies which local addresses can accept recursive
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater queries. If not specified, the default is to allow
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater recursive queries on all addresses.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews submit Dynamic DNS updates for master zones. The default is
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews updates from all hosts. Note that allowing updates based
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews on the requestor's IP address is insecure; see
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a> for details.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews submit Dynamic DNS updates to slave zones to be forwarded to
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews master. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong>,
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews means that no update forwarding will be performed. To
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews update forwarding, specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>allow-update-forwarding { any; };</code></strong>.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifying values other than <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong> or
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>{ any; }</code></strong> is usually
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews counterproductive, since
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews the responsibility for update access control should rest
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews master server, not the slaves.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that enabling the update forwarding feature on a slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may expose master servers relying on insecure IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein access control to attacks; see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for more details.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-v6-synthesis</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was introduced for the smooth transition from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to A6 and from "nibble labels" to binary labels.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, since both A6 and binary labels were then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this option was also deprecated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is now ignored with some warning messages.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein receive zone transfers from the server. <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options allow-transfer</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow transfers to all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a list of addresses that the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server will not accept queries from or use to resolve a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query. Queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from these addresses will not be responded to. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a list of addresses to which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is applies. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>any</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">no-case-compress</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a list of addresses which require responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to use case-insensitive compression. This ACL can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> needs to work with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients that do not comply with the requirement in RFC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1034 to use case-insensitive name comparisons when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checking for matching domain names.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If left undefined, the ACL defaults to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>: case-insensitive compression
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be used for all clients. If the ACL is defined and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matches a client, then case will be ignored when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compressing domain names in DNS responses sent to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This can result in slightly smaller responses: if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a response contains the names "example.com" and
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater "example.COM", case-insensitive compression would treat
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater the second one as a duplicate. It also ensures
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater that the case of the query name exactly matches the
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater case of the owner names of returned records, rather
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater than matching the case of the records entered in
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater the zone file. This allows responses to exactly
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User match the query, which is required by some clients
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User due to incorrect use of case-sensitive comparisons.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Case-insensitive compression is <span class="emphasis"><em>always</em></span>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User used in AXFR and IXFR responses, regardless of whether
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User the client matches this ACL.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User There are circumstances in which <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User will not preserve the case of owner names of records:
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User if a zone file defines records of different types with
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User the same name, but the capitalization of the name is
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User "WWW.EXAMPLE.COM/AAAA"), then all responses for that
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User name will use the <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> version
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User of the name that was used in the zone file. This
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User limitation may be addressed in a future release. However,
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User domain names specified in the rdata of resource records
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User (i.e., records of type NS, MX, CNAME, etc) will always
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User have their case preserved unless the client matches this
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">resolver-query-timeout</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User The amount of time the resolver will spend attempting
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User to resolve a recursive query before failing. The default
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User and minimum is <code class="literal">10</code> and the maximum is
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <code class="literal">30</code>. Setting it to <code class="literal">0</code>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User will result in the default being used.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User<a name="id2585141"></a>Interfaces</h4></div></div></div>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User from may be specified using the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option. <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> takes
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User an optional port and an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code>
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User of IPv4 addresses. (IPv6 addresses are ignored, with a
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User logged warning.)
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User The server will listen on all interfaces allowed by the address
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User match list. If a port is not specified, port 53 will be used.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statements are
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">listen-on { 5.6.7.8; };
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User will enable the name server on port 53 for the IP address
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater 5.6.7.8, and on port 1234 of an address on the machine in net
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater 1.2 that is not 1.2.3.4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> is specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server will listen on port 53 on all IPv4 interfaces.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the interfaces and the ports on which the server will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein listen for incoming queries sent using IPv6. If not specified,
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User the server will listen on port 53 on all IPv6 interfaces.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server does not bind a separate socket to each IPv6 interface
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address as it does for IPv4 if the operating system has enough API
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein support for IPv6 (specifically if it conforms to RFC 3493 and RFC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it listens on the IPv6 wildcard address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the system only has incomplete API support for IPv6, however,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the behavior is the same as that for IPv4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of particular IPv6 addresses can also be specified, in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server listens on a separate socket for each specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regardless of whether the desired API is supported by the system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 addresses specified in <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be ignored, with a logged warning.
f9aef05653eeb454c489d5bd2bde6daab774ad4aTinderbox User Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> options can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinlisten-on-v6 port 1234 { !2001:db8::/32; any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will enable the name server on port 53 for any IPv6 addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (with a single wildcard socket),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and on port 1234 of IPv6 addresses that is not in the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 2001:db8::/32 (with separate sockets for each matched address.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To make the server not listen on any IPv6 address, use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { none; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="query_address"></a>Query Address</h4></div></div></div>
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User If the server doesn't know the answer to a question, it will
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User query other name servers. <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the address and port used for such queries. For queries sent over
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6, there is a separate <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">address</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> (asterisk) or is omitted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a wildcard IP address (<span><strong class="command">INADDR_ANY</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be used.
3eb9ec750c9088869170dda63e8899b2ba462823Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> or is omitted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a random port number from a pre-configured
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein range is picked up and will be used for each query.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The port range(s) is that specified in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv4)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv6)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options, excluding the ranges specified in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options, respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The defaults of the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">query-source address * port *;
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrewsquery-source-v6 address * port *;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> is unspecified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will check if the operating
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews system provides a programming interface to retrieve the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system's default range for ephemeral ports.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If such an interface is available,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will use the corresponding system
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater default range; otherwise, it will use its own defaults:
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">use-v4-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updateruse-v6-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note: make sure the ranges be sufficiently large for
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater security. A desirable size depends on various parameters,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater but we generally recommend it contain at least 16384 ports
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater (14 bits of entropy).
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note also that the system's default range when used may be
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater too small for this purpose, and that the range may even be
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater changed while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running; the new
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater range will automatically be applied when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is encouraged to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configure <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> explicitly so that the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ranges are sufficiently large and are reasonably
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater independent from the ranges used by other applications.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note: the operational configuration
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater where <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs may prohibit the use
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of some ports. For example, UNIX systems will not allow
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> running without a root privilege
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to use ports less than 1024.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If such ports are included in the specified (or detected)
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater set of query ports, the corresponding query attempts will
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater fail, resulting in resolution failures or delay.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater It is therefore important to configure the set of ports
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater that can be safely used in the expected operational environment.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The defaults of the <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">avoid-v4-udp-ports {};
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updateravoid-v6-udp-ports {};
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note: BIND 9.5.0 introduced
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater option to support a pool of such random ports, but this
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater option is now obsolete because reusing the same ports in
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the pool may not be sufficiently secure.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater For the same reason, it is generally strongly discouraged to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater specify a particular port for the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> or
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> options;
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater it implicitly disables the use of randomized port numbers.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This option is obsolete.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-ports</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This option is obsolete.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This option is obsolete.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The address specified in the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> option
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater is used for both UDP and TCP queries, but the port applies only
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to UDP queries. TCP queries always use a random
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater unprivileged port.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the source
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews address for TCP sockets.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews See also <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<a name="zone_transfers"></a>Zone Transfers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> has mechanisms in place to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein facilitate zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and set limits on the amount of load that transfers place on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system. The following options apply to zone transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Defines a global list of IP addresses of name servers
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews that are also sent NOTIFY messages whenever a fresh copy of
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews zone is loaded, in addition to the servers listed in the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews zone's NS records.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews This helps to ensure that copies of the zones will
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews quickly converge on stealth servers.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Optionally, a port may be specified with each
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> address to send
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the notify messages to a port other than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default of 53.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An optional TSIG key can also be specified with each
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to cause the notify messages to be signed; this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be useful when sending notifies to multiple views.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In place of explicit addresses, one or more named
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> lists can be used.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews If an <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is given in a <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will override
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">options also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. When a <span><strong class="command">zone notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>, the IP
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater addresses in the global <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list will
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater not be sent NOTIFY messages for that zone. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list (no global notification list).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Inbound zone transfers running longer than
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater Inbound zone transfers making no progress
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater (1 hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Slave servers will periodically query master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers to find out if zone serial numbers have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changed. Each such query uses a minute amount of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the slave server's network bandwidth. To limit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the amount of bandwidth used, BIND 9 limits the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rate at which queries are sent. The value of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option, an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein integer, is the maximum number of queries sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per second. The default is 20.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In addition to controlling the rate SOA refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries are issued at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> also controls
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the rate at which NOTIFY messages are sent from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both master and slave zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the maximum number of concurrent serial number queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed to be outstanding at any given time.
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User BIND 9 does not limit the number of outstanding
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User serial queries and ignores the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span> option.
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User Instead, it limits the rate at which the queries are sent
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User as defined using the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option.
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span></span></dt>
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User Zone transfers can be sent using two different formats,
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> and
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option is used
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User on the master server to determine which format it sends.
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> uses one DNS message per
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User resource record transferred.
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs as many resource
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User records as possible into a message.
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is more efficient, but is
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User only supported by relatively new slave servers,
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User such as <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8.x and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.5 onwards.
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> format is also supported by
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater recent Microsoft Windows nameservers.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> may be overridden on a
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User that can be running concurrently. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span> may
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User speed up the convergence
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of slave zones, but it also may increase the load on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of outbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. Zone transfer requests in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the limit will be refused. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be concurrently transferring from a given remote
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews name server.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default value is <code class="literal">2</code>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews speed up the convergence of slave zones, but it also may
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the load on the remote name server. <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> may
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews be overridden on a per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> phrase
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews of the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews determines which local address will be bound to IPv4
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews TCP connections used to fetch zones transferred
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews inbound by the server. It also determines the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews source IPv4 address, and optionally the UDP port,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews used for the refresh queries and forwarded dynamic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein updates. If not set, it defaults to a system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controlled value which will usually be the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the interface "closest to" the remote end. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address must appear in the remote end's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> option for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone being transferred, if one is specified. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> for all zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but can be overridden on a per-view or per-zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein basis by including a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> statement within
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The same as <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except zone transfers are performed using IPv6.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> fails and
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you do not wish the alternate transfer source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used, you should set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appropriately and you should not depend upon
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein getting an answer back to the first refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Use the alternate transfer sources or not. If views are
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews specified this defaults to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews otherwise it defaults to
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> (for BIND 8
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews compatibility).
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determines which local source address, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein optionally UDP port, will be used to send NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages. This address must appear in the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> zone clause or
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews in an <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> clause. This
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews statement sets the <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all zones, but can be overridden on a per-zone or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-view basis by including a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> statement within
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Like <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but applies to notify messages sent to IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2586275"></a>UDP Port Lists</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify a list of IPv4 and IPv6 UDP ports that will be
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews used or not used as source ports for UDP messages.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#query_address" title="Query Address">the section called “Query Address”</a> about how the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews available ports are determined.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, with the following configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinuse-v6-udp-ports { range 32768 65535; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinavoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein UDP ports of IPv6 messages sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will be in one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the following ranges: 32768 to 39999, 40001 to 49999,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and 60001 to 65535.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> can be used
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews to prevent <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> from choosing as its random source port a
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews port that is blocked by your firewall or a port that is
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews used by other applications;
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews if a query went out with a source port blocked by a
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews firewall, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answer would not get by the firewall and the name server would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have to query again.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: the desired range can also be represented only with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">avoid-</strong></span> options are redundant in that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sense; they are provided for backward compatibility and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to possibly simplify the port specification.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<a name="id2586334"></a>Operating System Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The server's usage of many system resources can be limited.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Scaled values are allowed when specifying resource limits. For
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater example, <span><strong class="command">1G</strong></span> can be used instead of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">1073741824</strong></span> to specify a limit of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater gigabyte. <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> requests
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unlimited use, or the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater maximum available amount. <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater uses the limit
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater that was in force when the server was started. See the description
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of <span><strong class="command">size_spec</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements" title="Configuration File Elements">the section called “Configuration File Elements”</a>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The following options set operating system resource limits for
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the name server process. Some operating systems don't support
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater any of the limits. On such systems, a warning will be issued if
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater unsupported limit is used.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">coresize</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The maximum size of a core dump. The default
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">datasize</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The maximum amount of data memory the server
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This is a hard limit on server memory usage.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If the server attempts to allocate memory in excess of this
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater limit, the allocation will fail, which may in turn leave
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the server unable to perform DNS service. Therefore,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this option is rarely useful as a way of limiting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein amount of memory used by the server, but it can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to raise an operating system data size limit that is
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User too small by default. If you wish to limit the amount
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of memory used by the server, use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options instead.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">files</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of files the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may have open concurrently. The default is <code class="literal">unlimited</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">stacksize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of stack memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="server_resource_limits"></a>Server Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following options set limits on the server's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource consumption that are enforced internally by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server rather than the operating system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ixfr-log-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete; it is accepted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and ignored for BIND 8 compatibility. The option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> performs a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein similar function in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets a maximum size for each journal file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#journal" title="The journal file">the section called “The journal file”</a>). When the journal file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the specified size, some of the oldest transactions in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be automatically removed. The largest permitted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is 2 gigabytes. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">unlimited</code>, which also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means 2 gigabytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This may also be set on a per-zone basis.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics-max</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, specifies the maximum number of host statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entries to be kept.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of simultaneous recursive lookups
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server will perform on behalf of clients. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">1000</code>. Because each recursing
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater client uses a fair
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein bit of memory, on the order of 20 kilobytes, the value of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span> option may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have to be decreased
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on hosts with limited memory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of simultaneous client TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connections that the server will accept.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <code class="literal">100</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">reserved-sockets</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of file descriptors reserved for TCP, stdio,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews etc. This needs to be big enough to cover the number of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> listens on, <span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span> as well as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to provide room for outgoing TCP queries and incoming zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers. The default is <code class="literal">512</code>.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User The minimum value is <code class="literal">128</code> and the
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User maximum value is <code class="literal">128</code> less than
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User maxsockets (-S). This option may be removed in the future.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option has little effect on Windows.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of memory to use for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's cache, in bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the amount of data in the cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reaches this limit, the server will cause records to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire prematurely based on an LRU based strategy so
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that the limit is not exceeded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The keyword <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the value 0, will place no limit on cache size;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records will be purged from the cache only when their
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TTLs expire.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Any positive values less than 2MB will be ignored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and reset to 2MB.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separately to the cache of each view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-listen-queue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The listen queue depth. The default and minimum is 10.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the kernel supports the accept filter "dataready" this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also controls how
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater many TCP connections that will be queued in kernel space
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater some data before being passed to accept. Nonzero values
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater less than 10 will be silently raised. A value of 0 may also
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater be used; on most platforms this sets the listen queue
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater length to a system-defined default value.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater<a name="id2586828"></a>Periodic Task Intervals</h4></div></div></div>
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater This interval is effectively obsolete. Previously,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server would remove expired resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the cache every <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 now manages cache
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater memory in a more sophisticated manner and does not
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater rely on the periodic cleaning any more.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User Specifying this option therefore has no effect on
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User the server's behavior.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User The server will perform zone maintenance tasks
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater for all zones marked as <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> whenever this
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User interval expires. The default is 60 minutes. Reasonable
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User values are up
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater to 1 day (1440 minutes). The maximum value is 28 days
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater (40320 minutes).
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User If set to 0, no zone maintenance for these zones will occur.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User The server will scan the network interface list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is 60 minutes. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, interface scanning will only occur when
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User the configuration file is loaded. After the scan, the
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User begin listening for queries on any newly discovered
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User interfaces (provided they are allowed by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> configuration), and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop listening on interfaces that have gone away.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Name server statistics will be logged
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span>
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater minutes. The default is
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater 60. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no statistics will be logged.
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater Not yet implemented in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="topology"></a>Topology</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All other things being equal, when the server chooses a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to query from a list of name servers, it prefers the one that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein topologically closest to itself. The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein takes an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interprets it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a special way. Each top-level list element is assigned a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Non-negated elements get a distance based on their position in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list, where the closer the match is to the start of the list, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein shorter the distance is between it and the server. A negated match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be assigned the maximum distance from the server. If there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is no match, the address will get a distance which is further than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any non-negated list element, and closer than any negated element.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer servers on network 10 the most, followed by hosts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on network 1.2.0.0 (netmask 255.255.0.0) and network 3, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exception of hosts on network 1.2.3 (netmask 255.255.255.0), which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is preferred least of all.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default topology is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"> topology { localhost; localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_sortlist_statement"></a>The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The response to a DNS query may consist of multiple resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records (RRs) forming a resource records set (RRset).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name server will normally return the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs within the RRset in an indeterminate order
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (but see the <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The client resolver code should rearrange the RRs as appropriate,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that is, using any addresses on the local net in preference to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein other addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, not all resolvers can do this or are correctly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a client is using a local server, the sorting can be performed
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce in the server, based on the client's address. This only requires
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce configuring the name servers, not all the clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement (see below)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interprets it even
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein more specifically than the <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein does (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#topology" title="Topology">the section called “Topology”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each top level statement in the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein itself be an explicit <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one or two elements. The first element (which may be an IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an IP prefix, an ACL name or a nested <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of each top level list is checked against the source address of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the query until a match is found.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once the source address of the query has been matched, if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level statement contains only one element, the actual
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element that matched the source address is used to select the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the response to move to the beginning of the response. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is a list of two elements, then the second element is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treated the same as the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement. Each top
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level element
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assigned a distance and the address in the response with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein distance is moved to the beginning of the response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the following example, any queries received from any of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the addresses of the host itself will get responses preferring
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews on any of the locally connected networks. Next most preferred are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the 192.168.1/24 network, and after that either the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 192.168.3/24 network with no preference shown between these two
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein networks. Queries received from a host on the 192.168.1/24 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer other addresses on that network to the 192.168.2/24
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 192.168.3/24 networks. Queries received from a host on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the 192.168.5/24 network will only prefer other addresses on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein their directly connected networks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF the local host
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // THEN first fit on the following nets
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localhost;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localnets;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.1 THEN use .1, or .2 or .3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.2 THEN use .2, or .1 or .3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.3 THEN use .3, or .1 or .2
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF .4 or .5 THEN prefer that net
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following example will give reasonable behavior for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local host and hosts on directly connected networks. It is similar
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the behavior of the address sort in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.x. Responses sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to queries from the local host will favor any of the directly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein networks. Responses sent to queries from any other hosts on a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connected network will prefer addresses on that same network.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to other queries will not be sorted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localhost; localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localnets; };
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<a name="rrset_ordering"></a>RRset Ordering</h4></div></div></div>
4e243fdc6b33a6371208b48d64912d8e327b4f5cAndreas Gustafsson When multiple records are returned in an answer it may be
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater useful to configure the order of the records placed into the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement permits
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce configuration
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater of the ordering of the records in a multiple record response.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater See also the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a>.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater An <span><strong class="command">order_spec</strong></span> is defined as
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">class <em class="replaceable"><code>class_name</code></em></span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional">type <em class="replaceable"><code>type_name</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">name <em class="replaceable"><code>"domain_name"</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order <em class="replaceable"><code>ordering</code></em>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews If no class is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no type is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no name is specified, the default is "<span><strong class="command">*</strong></span>" (asterisk).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The legal values for <span><strong class="command">ordering</strong></span> are:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">fixed</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in the order they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are defined in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">random</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in some random order.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in a cyclic round-robin order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> is configured with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "--enable-fixed-rrset" option at compile time, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the initial ordering of the RRset will match the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one specified in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class IN type A name "host.example.com" order random;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order cyclic;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will cause any responses for type A records in class IN that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have "<code class="literal">host.example.com</code>" as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein suffix, to always be returned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in random order. All other records are returned in cyclic order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If multiple <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appear, they are not combined — the last one applies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By default, all records are returned in random order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In this release of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement does not support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "fixed" ordering by default. Fixed ordering can be enabled
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater at compile time by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" on
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt the "configure" command line.
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="tuning"></a>Tuning</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">lame-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the number of seconds to cache a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lame server indication. 0 disables caching. (This is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="bold"><strong>NOT</strong></span> recommended.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <code class="literal">600</code> (10 minutes) and the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce maximum value is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Lame-ttl also controls the amount of time DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein validation failures are cached. There is a minimum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of 30 seconds applied to bad cache entries if the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lame-ttl is set to less than 30 seconds.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater To reduce network traffic and increase performance,
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater the server stores negative answers. <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater used to set a maximum retention time for these answers in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in seconds. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is <code class="literal">10800</code> seconds (3 hours).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> cannot exceed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 7 days and will
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater be silently truncated to 7 days if set to a greater value.
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater Sets the maximum time for which the server will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache ordinary (positive) answers. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one week (7 days).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A value of zero may cause all queries to return
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SERVFAIL, because of lost caches of intermediate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRsets (such as NS and glue AAAA/A records) in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolution process.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-roots</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The minimum number of root servers that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is required for a request for the root servers to be
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews accepted. The default
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews is <strong class="userinput"><code>2</code></strong>.
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User Not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User Specifies the number of days into the future when
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User DNSSEC signatures automatically generated as a
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater result of dynamic updates (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dynamic_update" title="Dynamic Update">the section called “Dynamic Update”</a>) will expire. There
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater is an optional second field which specifies how
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User long before expiry that the signatures will be
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User regenerated. If not specified, the signatures will
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User be regenerated at 1/4 of base interval. The second
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User field is specified in days if the base interval is
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater greater than 7 days otherwise it is specified in hours.
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater The default base interval is <code class="literal">30</code> days
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein giving a re-signing interval of 7 1/2 days. The maximum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are 10 years (3660 days).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The signature inception time is unconditionally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to one hour before the current time to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a limited amount of clock skew.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be, at least, several multiples of the SOA
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire interval to allow for reasonable interaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein between the various timer and expiry dates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater Specify the maximum number of nodes to be
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater examined in each quantum when signing a zone with
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater a new DNSKEY. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify a threshold number of signatures that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will terminate processing a quantum when signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone with a new DNSKEY. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify a private RDATA type to be used when generating
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews signing state records. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is expected that this parameter may be removed
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater in a future version once there is a standard type.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Signing state records are used to internally by
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to track the current state of
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater a zone-signing process, i.e., whether it is still active
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater or has been completed. The records can be inspected
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater using the command
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc signing -list <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Once <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> has finished signing
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater a zone with a particular key, the signing state
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater record associated with that key can be removed from
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater the zone by running
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc signing -clear <em class="replaceable"><code>keyid/algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater To clear all of the completed signing state
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater records for a zone, use
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc signing -clear all <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater These options control the server's behavior on refreshing a
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater (querying for SOA changes) or retrying failed transfers.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Usually the SOA values for the zone are used, but these
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater are set by the master, giving slave server administrators
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater control over their contents.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater These options allow the administrator to set a minimum and
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater refresh and retry time either per-zone, per-view, or
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater These options are valid for slave and stub zones,
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater and clamp the SOA refresh and retry times to the specified
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The following defaults apply.
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span> 300 seconds,
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span> 2419200 seconds
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater (4 weeks), <span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span> 500 seconds,
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater and <span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span> 1209600 seconds
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User Sets the initial advertised EDNS UDP buffer size in
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User bytes, to control the size of packets received from
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User authoritative servers in response to recursive queries.
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this range
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User will be silently adjusted to the nearest value within
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User it). The default value is 4096.
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User The usual reason for setting
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default value
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User is to get UDP answers to pass through broken firewalls
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User that block fragmented packets and/or block UDP DNS
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> first queries a remote
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server, it will advertise a UDP buffer size of 512, as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this has the greatest chance of success on the first try.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the initial response times out, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will try again with plain DNS, and if that is successful,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will be taken as evidence that the server does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein support EDNS. After enough failures using EDNS and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein successes using plain DNS, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will default to plain DNS for future communications
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with that server. (Periodically, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will send an EDNS query to see if the situation has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, if the initial query is successful with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS advertising a buffer size of 512, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will advertise progressively
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein larger buffer sizes on successive queries, until
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein responses begin timing out or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> is reached.
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater The default buffer sizes used by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater are 512, 1232, 1432, and 4096, but never exceeding
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span>. (The values 1232 and
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater 1432 are chosen to allow for an IPv4/IPv6 encapsulated
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater UDP message to be sent without fragmentation at the
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater minimum MTU sizes for Ethernet and IPv6 networks.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Sets the maximum EDNS UDP message size
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will send in bytes.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this
87ff79ee66e85519d7f75195a5345e5f5e09c895Automatic Updater range will be silently adjusted to the nearest
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User value within it). The default value is 4096.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User This value applies to responses sent by a server; to
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User set the advertised buffer size in queries, see
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span>.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The usual reason for setting
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User firewalls that block fragmented packets and/or
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User This is independent of the advertised receive
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User buffer (<span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span>).
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Setting this to a low value will encourage additional
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User TCP traffic to the nameserver.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User the file format of zone files (see
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format" title="Additional File Formats">the section called “Additional File Formats”</a>).
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The default value is <code class="constant">text</code>, which is the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User standard textual representation, except for slave zones,
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User in which the default value is <code class="constant">raw</code>.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Files in other formats than <code class="constant">text</code> are
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User typically expected to be generated by the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> tool, or dumped by
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Note that when a zone file in a different format than
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <code class="constant">text</code> is loaded, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User may omit some of the checks which would be performed for a
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User file in the <code class="constant">text</code> format. In particular,
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span> checks do not apply
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User for the <code class="constant">raw</code> format. This means
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater a zone file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater must be generated with the same check level as that
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews specified in the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater file. Also, <code class="constant">map</code> format files are
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater loaded directly into memory via memory mapping, with only
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater minimal checking.
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User This statement sets the
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> for all zones,
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User but can be overridden on a per-zone or per-view basis
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User by including a <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User statement within the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-style</strong></span></span></dt>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater Specifies the formatting of zone files during dump
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater when the <code class="option">masterfile-format</code> is
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews <code class="constant">text</code>. (This option is ignored
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews with any other <code class="option">masterfile-format</code>.)
f7b2875691497b292eacb60609be23a813d14e63Automatic Updater When set to <code class="constant">relative</code>,
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater records are printed in a multi-line format with owner
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater names expressed relative to a shared origin. When set
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater to <code class="constant">full</code>, records are printed in
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews a single-line format with absolute owner names.
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater The <code class="constant">full</code> format is most suitable
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater when a zone file needs to be processed automatically
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews by a script. The <code class="constant">relative</code> format
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is more human-readable, and is thus suitable when a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zone is to be edited by hand. The default is
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater<a name="clients-per-query"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span></span>
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater<p>These set the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews initial value (minimum) and maximum number of recursive
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews simultaneous clients for any given query
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (<qname,qtype,qclass>) that the server will accept
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews before dropping additional clients.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews self tune this value and changes will be logged. The
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews default values are 10 and 100.
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User This value should reflect how many queries come in for
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User a given name in the time it takes to resolve that name.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User If the number of queries exceed this value, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User assume that it is dealing with a non-responsive zone
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User and will drop additional queries. If it gets a response
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User after dropping queries, it will raise the estimate. The
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews estimate will then be lowered in 20 minutes if it has
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews remained unchanged.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews then there is no limit on the number of clients per query
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater and no queries will be dropped.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User then there is no upper bound other than imposed by
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User The delay, in seconds, between sending sets of notify
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User messages for a zone. The default is five (5) seconds.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User The overall rate that NOTIFY messages are sent for all
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User zones is controlled by <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span>.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-rsa-exponent-size</strong></span></span></dt>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User The maximum RSA exponent size, in bits, that will
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User be accepted when validating. Valid values are 35
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User to 4096 bits. The default zero (0) is also accepted
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews and is equivalent to 4096.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">prefetch</strong></span></span></dt>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews When a query is received for cached data which
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater is to expire shortly, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> can
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews refresh the data from the authoritative server
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User immediately, ensuring that the cache always has an
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User answer available.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews The <code class="option">prefetch</code> specifies the
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews "trigger" TTL value at which prefetch of the current
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews query will take place: when a cache record with a
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews lower TTL value is encountered during query processing,
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater it will be refreshed. Valid trigger TTL values are 1 to
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews 10 seconds. Values larger than 10 seconds will be silently
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews reduced to 10.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Setting a trigger TTL to zero (0) causes
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews prefetch to be disabled.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews The default trigger TTL is <code class="literal">2</code>.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews An optional second argument specifies the "eligibility"
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews TTL: the smallest <span class="emphasis"><em>original</em></span>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews TTL value that will be accepted for a record to be
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews eligible for prefetching. The eligibility TTL must
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews be at least six seconds longer than the trigger TTL;
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews if it isn't, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will silently
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews adjust it upward.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews The default eligibility TTL is <code class="literal">9</code>.
d6984fd680db88faad5be52edef2416dd20488baTinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d6984fd680db88faad5be52edef2416dd20488baTinderbox User<a name="builtin"></a>Built-in server information zones</h4></div></div></div>
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User The server provides some helpful diagnostic information
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User through a number of built-in zones under the
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User pseudo-top-level-domain <code class="literal">bind</code> in the
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> class. These zones are part
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User built-in view (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar" title="view Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>) of
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> which is separate from the
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User default view of class <span><strong class="command">IN</strong></span>. Most global
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User configuration options (<span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>,
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User etc) will apply to this view, but some are locally
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User overridden: <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span>,
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span> and
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">allow-new-zones</strong></span> are
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User always set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, and
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> is set to allow
d6984fd680db88faad5be52edef2416dd20488baTinderbox User three responses per second.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater If you need to disable these zones, use the options
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews below, or hide the built-in <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater defining an explicit view of class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater that matches all clients.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">version</strong></span></span></dt>
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User The version the server should report
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User via a query of the name <code class="literal">version.bind</code>
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User The default is the real version number of this server.
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User Specifying <span><strong class="command">version none</strong></span>
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User disables processing of the queries.
a1e81a1c5b029e4a44546de128f173524e8947a8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">hostname</strong></span></span></dt>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User The hostname the server should report via a query of
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User the name <code class="filename">hostname.bind</code>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User This defaults to the hostname of the machine hosting the
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User name server as
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User found by the gethostname() function. The primary purpose of such queries
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">hostname none;</strong></span>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User disables processing of the queries.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span></span></dt>
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User The ID the server should report when receiving a Name
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User Server Identifier (NSID) query, or a query of the name
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User <code class="filename">ID.SERVER</code> with type
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User The primary purpose of such queries is to
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id none;</strong></span>
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User disables processing of the queries.
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id hostname;</strong></span> will cause <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User use the hostname as found by the gethostname() function.
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User The default <span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User<a name="empty"></a>Built-in Empty Zones</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server has some built-in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein empty zones (SOA and NS records only).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These are for zones that should normally be answered locally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and which queries should not be sent to the Internet's root
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers. The official servers which cover these namespaces
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein return NXDOMAIN responses to these queries. In particular,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein these cover the reverse namespaces for addresses from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 1918, RFC 4193, RFC 5737 and RFC 6598. They also include the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reverse namespace for IPv6 local address (locally assigned),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 link local addresses, the IPv6 loopback address and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 unknown address.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The server will attempt to determine if a built-in zone
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User already exists or is active (covered by a forward-only
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User forwarding declaration) and will not create an empty
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User zone in that case.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The current list of empty zones is:
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<li>0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<li>1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Empty zones are settable at the view level and only apply to
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User views of class IN. Disabled empty zones are only inherited
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User from options if there are no disabled empty zones specified
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User at the view level. To override the options list of disabled
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User zones, you can disable the root zone at the view level, for example:
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User disable-empty-zone ".";
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User If you are using the address ranges covered here, you should
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User already have reverse zones covering the addresses you use.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User In practice this appears to not be the case with many queries
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User being made to the infrastructure servers for names in these
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User spaces. So many in fact that sacrificial servers were needed
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User to be deployed to channel the query load away from the
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User infrastructure servers.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User The real parent servers for these zones should disable all
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User empty zone under the parent zone they serve. For the real
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User root servers, this is all built-in empty zones. This will
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User enable them to return referrals to deeper in the tree.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-server</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Specify what server name will appear in the returned
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User the zone's name will be used.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-contact</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Specify what contact name will appear in the returned
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User "." will be used.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-zones-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Enable or disable all empty zones. By default, they
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-empty-zone</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Disable individual empty zones. By default, none are
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User disabled. This option can be specified multiple times.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater<a name="acache"></a>Additional Section Caching</h4></div></div></div>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The additional section cache, also called <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews is an internal cache to improve the response performance of BIND 9.
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater When additional section caching is enabled, BIND 9 will
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater cache an internal short-cut to the additional section content for
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater each answer RR.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Note that <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is an internal caching
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews mechanism of BIND 9, and is not related to the DNS caching
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater server function.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Additional section caching does not change the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews response content (except the RRsets ordering of the additional
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews section, see below), but can improve the response performance
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews significantly.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews It is particularly effective when BIND 9 acts as an authoritative
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews server for a zone that has many delegations with many glue RRs.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews In order to obtain the maximum performance improvement
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews from additional section caching, setting
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> is recommended, since the current
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews implementation of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews does not short-cut of additional section information from the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews DNS cache data.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews One obvious disadvantage of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews that it requires much more
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews memory for the internal cached data.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Thus, if the response performance does not matter and memory
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews consumption is much more critical, the
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> mechanism can be
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews disabled by setting <span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span> to
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews It is also possible to specify the upper limit of memory
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews for acache by using <span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Additional section caching also has a minor effect on the
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater RRset ordering in the additional section.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Without <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span> order is effective for the additional
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews section as well as the answer and authority sections.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews However, additional section caching fixes the ordering when it
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews first caches an RRset for the additional section, and the same
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews ordering will be kept in succeeding responses, regardless of the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews setting of <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The effect of this should be minor, however, since an
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews RRset in the additional section
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews typically only contains a small number of RRs (and in many cases
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews it only contains a single RR), in which case the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews ordering does not matter much.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The following is a summary of options related to
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, additional section caching is
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews enabled. The default value is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The server will remove stale cache entries, based on an LRU
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews algorithm, every <span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The default is 60 minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no periodic cleaning will occur.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The maximum amount of memory in bytes to use for the server's acache.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When the amount of data in the acache reaches this limit,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews will clean more aggressively so that the limit is not
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separately to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein acache of each view.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default is <code class="literal">16M</code>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2589497"></a>Content Filtering</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides the ability to filter
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews out DNS responses from external DNS servers containing
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews certain types of data in the answer section.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specifically, it can reject address (A or AAAA) records if
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the corresponding IPv4 or IPv6 addresses match the given
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It can also reject CNAME or DNAME records if the "alias"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name (i.e., the CNAME alias or the substituted query name
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews due to DNAME) matches the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews given <code class="varname">namelist</code> of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span> option, where
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "match" means the alias name is a subdomain of one of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the <code class="varname">name_list</code> elements.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If the optional <code class="varname">namelist</code> is specified
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews with <span><strong class="command">except-from</strong></span>, records whose query name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matches the list will be accepted regardless of the filter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Likewise, if the alias name is a subdomain of the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews corresponding zone, the <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein filter will not apply;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for example, even if "example.com" is specified for
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">www.example.com. CNAME xxx.example.com.</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein returned by an "example.com" server will be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option, only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are meaningful;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews any <code class="varname">key_id</code> will be silently ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a response message is rejected due to the filtering,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the entire message is discarded without being cached, and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews a SERVFAIL error will be returned to the client.
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews This filtering is intended to prevent "DNS rebinding attacks," in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which an attacker, in response to a query for a domain name the
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews attacker controls, returns an IP address within your own network or
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews an alias name within your own domain.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A naive web browser or script could then serve as an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unintended proxy, allowing the attacker
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to get access to an internal node of your local network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that couldn't be externally accessed otherwise.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the paper available at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1315245.1315298" target="_top">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1315245.1315298
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for more details about the attacks.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews For example, if you own a domain named "example.net" and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein your internal network uses an IPv4 prefix 192.0.2.0/24,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you might specify the following rules:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">deny-answer-addresses { 192.0.2.0/24; } except-from { "example.net"; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeindeny-answer-aliases { "example.net"; };
276e28f813ffef042d5a6e9f3373ef4e2ad37996Mark Andrews If an external attacker lets a web browser in your local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network look up an IPv4 address of "attacker.example.com",
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the attacker's DNS server would return a response like this:
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">attacker.example.com. A 192.0.2.1</pre>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User in the answer section.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Since the rdata of this record (the IPv4 address) matches
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the specified prefix 192.0.2.0/24, this response will be
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater On the other hand, if the browser looks up a legitimate
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater internal web server "www.example.net" and the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater following response is returned to
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 server
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">www.example.net. A 192.0.2.2</pre>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater it will be accepted since the owner name "www.example.net"
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater matches the <span><strong class="command">except-from</strong></span> element,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Note that this is not really an attack on the DNS per se.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater In fact, there is nothing wrong for an "external" name to
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater be mapped to your "internal" IP address or domain name
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater from the DNS point of view.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater It might actually be provided for a legitimate purpose,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater such as for debugging.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater As long as the mapping is provided by the correct owner,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater it is not possible or does not make sense to detect
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater whether the intent of the mapping is legitimate or not
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater within the DNS.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The "rebinding" attack must primarily be protected at the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater application that uses the DNS.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater For a large site, however, it may be difficult to protect
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater all possible applications at once.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater This filtering feature is provided only to help such an
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater operational environment;
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater it is generally discouraged to turn it on unless you are
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater very sure you have no other choice and the attack is a
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater real threat for your applications.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Care should be particularly taken if you want to use this
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater option for addresses within 127.0.0.0/8.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater These addresses are obviously "internal", but many
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater applications conventionally rely on a DNS mapping from
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater some name to such an address.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Filtering out DNS records containing this address
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater spuriously can break such applications.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="id2589691"></a>Response Policy Zone (RPZ) Rewriting</h4></div></div></div>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 includes a limited
e31a258ca6ef845faf483fa8f04921e8841d3213Tinderbox User mechanism to modify DNS responses for requests
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater analogous to email anti-spam DNS blacklists.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Responses can be changed to deny the existence of domains(NXDOMAIN),
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater deny the existence of IP addresses for domains (NODATA),
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater or contain other IP addresses or data.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Response policy zones are named in the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">response-policy</strong></span> option for the view or among the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater global options if there is no response-policy option for the view.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Response policy zones are ordinary DNS zones containing RRsets
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater that can be queried normally if allowed.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater It is usually best to restrict those queries with something like
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-query { localhost; };</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater A <span><strong class="command">response-policy</strong></span> option can support
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater multiple policy zones. To maximize performance, a radix
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater tree is used to quickly identify response policy zones
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater containing triggers that match the current query. This
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater imposes an upper limit of 32 on the number of policy zones
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater in a single <span><strong class="command">response-policy</strong></span> option; more
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater than that is a configuration error.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Five policy triggers can be encoded in RPZ records.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RPZ-CLIENT-IP</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater IP records are triggered by the IP address of the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Client IP address triggers are encoded in records that have
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater owner names that are subdomains of
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rpz-client-ip</strong></span> relativized to the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater policy zone origin name
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater and encode an address or address block.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater IPv4 addresses are represented as
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>prefixlength.B4.B3.B2.B1.rpz-ip</code></strong>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The IPv4 prefix length must be between 1 and 32.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater All four bytes, B4, B3, B2, and B1, must be present.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater B4 is the decimal value of the least significant byte of the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater IPv4 address as in IN-ADDR.ARPA.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater IPv6 addresses are encoded in a format similar
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater to the standard IPv6 text representation,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>prefixlength.W8.W7.W6.W5.W4.W3.W2.W1.rpz-ip</code></strong>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Each of W8,...,W1 is a one to four digit hexadecimal number
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater representing 16 bits of the IPv6 address as in the standard
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater text representation of IPv6 addresses,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater but reversed as in IN-ADDR.ARPA.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater All 8 words must be present except when one set of consecutive
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater zero words is replaced with <strong class="userinput"><code>.zz.</code></strong>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater analogous to double colons (::) in standard IPv6 text
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The IPv6 prefix length must be between 64 and 128.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">QNAME</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater QNAME policy records are triggered by query names of
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater requests and targets of CNAME records resolved to generate
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The owner name of a QNAME policy record is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the query name relativized to the policy zone.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RPZ-IP</strong></span></span></dt>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User IP triggers are IP addresses in an
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater A or AAAA record in the ANSWER section of a response.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User They are encoded like client-IP triggers except as
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User subdomains of <span><strong class="command">rpz-ip</strong></span>.
b68a2d272b958eb2c40cce59ee33e71c5f5f521bTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RPZ-NSDNAME</strong></span></span></dt>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater NSDNAME triggers match names of authoritative servers
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater for the query name, a parent of the query name, a CNAME for
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater query name, or a parent of a CNAME.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater They are encoded as subdomains of
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rpz-nsdname</strong></span> relativized
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater to the RPZ origin name.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User NSIP triggers match IP addresses in A and
f0da471019f224ba88dc2f4b3f2209c6102855f6Automatic Updater AAAA RRsets for domains that can be checked against NSDNAME
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater policy records.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RPZ-NSIP</strong></span></span></dt>
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User NSIP triggers are encoded like IP triggers except as
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User subdomains of <span><strong class="command">rpz-nsip</strong></span>.
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User NSDNAME and NSIP triggers are checked only for names with at
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User least <span><strong class="command">min-ns-dots</strong></span> dots.
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User The default value of <span><strong class="command">min-ns-dots</strong></span> is 1 to
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User exclude top level domains.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The query response is checked against all response policy zones,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User so two or more policy records can be triggered by a response.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Because DNS responses are rewritten according to at most one
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User policy record, a single record encoding an action (other than
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">DISABLED</strong></span> actions) must be chosen.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Triggers or the records that encode them are chosen for the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User rewriting in the following order:
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<li>Choose the triggered record in the zone that appears
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User first in the <span><strong class="command">response-policy</strong></span> option.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<li>Prefer CLIENT-IP to QNAME to IP to NSDNAME to NSIP
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User triggers in a single zone.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<li>Among NSDNAME triggers, prefer the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User trigger that matches the smallest name under the DNSSEC ordering.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<li>Among IP or NSIP triggers, prefer the trigger
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User with the longest prefix.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<li>Among triggers with the same prefex length,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User prefer the IP or NSIP trigger that matches
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the smallest IP address.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User When the processing of a response is restarted to resolve
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User DNAME or CNAME records and a policy record set has
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User not been triggered,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User all response policy zones are again consulted for the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User DNAME or CNAME names and addresses.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User RPZ record sets are any types of DNS record except
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User DNAME or DNSSEC that encode actions or responses to
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User individual queries.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Any of the policies can be used with any of the triggers.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User For example, while the <span><strong class="command">TCP-only</strong></span> policy is
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User commonly used with <span><strong class="command">client-IP</strong></span> triggers,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User it can be used with any type of trigger to force the use of
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User TCP for responses with owner names in a zone.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">PASSTHRU</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The whitelist policy is specified
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User by a CNAME whose target is <span><strong class="command">rpz-passthru</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It causes the response to not be rewritten
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User and is most often used to "poke holes" in policies for
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">DROP</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The blacklist policy is specified
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User by a CNAME whose target is <span><strong class="command">rpz-drop</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It causes the response to be discarded.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Nothing is sent to the DNS client.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">TCP-Only</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The "slip" policy is specified
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User by a CNAME whose target is <span><strong class="command">rpz-tcp-only</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It changes UDP responses to short, truncated DNS responses
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User that require the DNS client to try again with TCP.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It is used to mitigate distributed DNS reflection attacks.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">NXDOMAIN</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The domain undefined response is encoded
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User by a CNAME whose target is the root domain (.)
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">NODATA</strong></span></span></dt>
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User The empty set of resource records is specified by
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User CNAME whose target is the wildcard top-level
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It rewrites the response to NODATA or ANCOUNT=1.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">Local Data</strong></span></span></dt>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater A set of ordinary DNS records can be used to answer queries.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Queries for record types not the set are answered with
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User A special form of local data is a CNAME whose target is a
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater wildcard such as *.example.com.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User It is used as if were an ordinary CNAME after the astrisk (*)
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater has been replaced with the query name.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The purpose for this special form is query logging in the
b68a2d272b958eb2c40cce59ee33e71c5f5f521bTinderbox User walled garden's authority DNS server.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater All of the actions specified in all of the individual records
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater in a policy zone
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User can be overridden with a <span><strong class="command">policy</strong></span> clause in the
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">response-policy</strong></span> option.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User An organization using a policy zone provided by another
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User organization might use this mechanism to redirect domains
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater to its own walled garden.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">GIVEN</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dd><p>The placeholder policy says "do not override but
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User perform the action specified in the zone."
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">DISABLED</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The testing override policy causes policy zone records to do
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater nothing but log what they would have done if the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User policy zone were not disabled.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The response to the DNS query will be written (or not)
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User according to any triggered policy records that are not
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Disabled policy zones should appear first,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User because they will often not be logged
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User if a higher precedence trigger is found first.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">PASSTHRU</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">DROP</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">TCP-Only</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">NXDOMAIN</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">NODATA</strong></span></span>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User override with the corresponding per-record policy.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">CNAME domain</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User causes all RPZ policy records to act as if they were
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User "cname domain" records.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User By default, the actions encoded in a response policy zone
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User are applied only to queries that ask for recursion (RD=1).
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User That default can be changed for a single policy zone or
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User all response policy zones in a view
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User with a <span><strong class="command">recursive-only no</strong></span> clause.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User This feature is useful for serving the same zone files
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User both inside and outside an RFC 1918 cloud and using RPZ to
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User delete answers that would otherwise contain RFC 1918 values
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User on the externally visible name server or view.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Also by default, RPZ actions are applied only to DNS requests
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User that either do not request DNSSEC metadata (DO=0) or when no
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User DNSSEC records are available for request name in the original
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User zone (not the response policy zone). This default can be
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User changed for all response policy zones in a view with a
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">break-dnssec yes</strong></span> clause. In that case, RPZ
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User actions are applied regardless of DNSSEC. The name of the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User clause option reflects the fact that results rewritten by RPZ
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User actions cannot verify.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User No DNS records are needed for a QNAME or Client-IP trigger.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The name or IP address itself is sufficient,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User so in principle the query name need not be recursively resolved.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User However, not resolving the requested
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User name can leak the fact that response policy rewriting is in use
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User and that the name is listed in a policy zone to operators of
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User servers for listed names. To prevent that information leak, by
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User default any recursion needed for a request is done before any
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater policy triggers are considered. Because listed domains often
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater have slow authoritative servers, this default behavior can cost
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater significant time.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">qname-wait-recurse no</strong></span> option
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User overrides that default behavior when recursion cannot
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User change a non-error response.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User The option does not affect QNAME or client-IP triggers
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User in policy zones listed
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User after other zones containing IP, NSIP and NSDNAME triggers, because
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User those may depend on the A, AAAA, and NS records that would be
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater found during recursive resolution. It also does not affect
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User DNSSEC requests (DO=1) unless <span><strong class="command">break-dnssec yes</strong></span>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User is in use, because the response would depend on whether or not
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User RRSIG records were found during resolution.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Using this option can cause error responses such as SERVFAIL to
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User appear to be rewritten, since no recursion is being done to
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User discover problems at the authoritative server.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The TTL of a record modified by RPZ policies is set from the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User TTL of the relevant record in policy zone. It is then limited
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User to a maximum value.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">max-policy-ttl</strong></span> clause changes that
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User maximum from its default of 5.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User For example, you might use this option statement
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"> response-policy { zone "badlist"; };</pre>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User and this zone statement
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"> zone "badlist" {type master; file "master/badlist"; allow-query {none;}; };</pre>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User with this zone file
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User@ SOA LOCALHOST. named-mgr.example.com (1 1h 15m 30d 2h)
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User NS LOCALHOST.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater; QNAME policy records. There are no periods (.) after the owner names.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updaternxdomain.domain.com CNAME . ; NXDOMAIN policy
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User*.nxdomain.domain.com CNAME . ; NXDOMAIN policy
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox Usernodata.domain.com CNAME *. ; NODATA policy
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User*.nodata.domain.com CNAME *. ; NODATA policy
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox Userbad.domain.com A 10.0.0.1 ; redirect to a walled garden
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User AAAA 2001:2::1
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User; do not rewrite (PASSTHRU) OK.DOMAIN.COM
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox Userok.domain.com CNAME rpz-passthru.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User; redirect x.bzone.domain.com to x.bzone.domain.com.garden.example.com
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User*.bzone.domain.com CNAME *.garden.example.com.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User; IP policy records that rewrite all responses containing A records in 127/8
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User; except 127.0.0.1
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User32.1.0.0.127.rpz-ip CNAME rpz-passthru.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User; NSDNAME and NSIP policy records
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User; blacklist and whitelist some DNS clients
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User; force some DNS clients and responses in the example.com zone to TCP
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User16.0.0.1.10.rpz-client-ip CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox Userexample.com CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User*.example.com CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User RPZ can affect server performance.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Each configured response policy zone requires the server to
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User perform one to four additional database lookups before a
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User query can be answered.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User For example, a DNS server with four policy zones, each with all
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User four kinds of response triggers, QNAME, IP, NSIP, and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User NSDNAME, requires a total of 17 times as many database
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User lookups as a similar DNS server with no response policy zones.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User A <acronym class="acronym">BIND9</acronym> server with adequate memory and one
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User response policy zone with QNAME and IP triggers might achieve a
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User maximum queries-per-second rate about 20% lower.
892503bd484c106493e3c8053155b364a522ec03Tinderbox User A server with four response policy zones with QNAME and IP
892503bd484c106493e3c8053155b364a522ec03Tinderbox User triggers might have a maximum QPS rate about 50% lower.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Responses rewritten by RPZ are counted in the
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">RPZRewrites</strong></span> statistics.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User<a name="id2590536"></a>Response Rate Limiting</h4></div></div></div>
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater Excessive almost identical UDP <span class="emphasis"><em>responses</em></span>
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater can be controlled by configuring a
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> clause in an
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater This mechanism keeps authoritative BIND 9 from being used
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater in amplifying reflection denial of service (DoS) attacks.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Short truncated (TC=1) responses can be sent to provide
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater rate-limited responses to legitimate clients within
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater a range of forged, attacked IP addresses.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater Legitimate clients react to dropped or truncated response
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater by retrying with UDP or with TCP respectively.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater This mechanism is intended for authoritative DNS servers.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater It can be used on recursive servers but can slow
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater applications such as SMTP servers (mail receivers) and
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User HTTP clients (web browsers) that repeatedly request the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User When possible, closing "open" recursive servers is better.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Response rate limiting uses a "credit" or "token bucket" scheme.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Each combination of identical response and client
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater has a conceptual account that earns a specified number
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User of credits every second.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater A prospective response debits its account by one.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Responses are dropped or truncated
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater while the account is negative.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater Responses are tracked within a rolling window of time
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater which defaults to 15 seconds, but can be configured with
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">window</strong></span> option to any value from
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User 1 to 3600 seconds (1 hour).
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The account cannot become more positive than
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User the per-second limit
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater or more negative than <span><strong class="command">window</strong></span>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater times the per-second limit.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater When the specified number of credits for a class of
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater responses is set to 0, those responses are not rate limited.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The notions of "identical response" and "DNS client"
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User for rate limiting are not simplistic.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User All responses to an address block are counted as if to a
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User single client.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The prefix lengths of addresses blocks are
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User specified with <span><strong class="command">ipv4-prefix-length</strong></span> (default 24)
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User and <span><strong class="command">ipv6-prefix-length</strong></span> (default 56).
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User All non-empty responses for a valid domain name (qname)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User and record type (qtype) are identical and have a limit specified
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User by the base <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span> option
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User (that is, <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span> with only a
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User single argument and no additional modifiers).
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User The default is 0, which indicates that there should be no limit.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User All empty (NODATA) responses for a valid domain,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User regardless of query type, are identical.
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User Responses in the NODATA class are limited by
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">nodata-per-second</strong></span>
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User (default base <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span>).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Requests for any and all undefined subdomains of a given
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User valid domain result in NXDOMAIN errors, and are identical
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User regardless of query type.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User They are limited by <span><strong class="command">nxdomains-per-second</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User (default base <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span>).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User This controls some attacks using random names, but
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User can be relaxed or turned off (set to 0)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User on servers that expect many legitimate
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User NXDOMAIN responses, such as from anti-spam blacklists.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Referrals or delegations to the server of a given
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User domain are identical and are limited by
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">referrals-per-second</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User (default base <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span>).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses generated from local wildcards are counted and limited
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User as if they were for the parent domain name.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User This controls flooding using random.wild.example.com.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User All requests that result in DNS errors other
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User than NXDOMAIN, such as SERVFAIL and FORMERR, are identical
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User regardless of requested name (qname) or record type (qtype).
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User This controls attacks using invalid requests or distant,
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User broken authoritative servers.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User By default the limit on errors is the same as the
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User default base <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span> value,
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User but it can be set separately with
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">errors-per-second</strong></span>.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User In addition to the base
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span> value,
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User up to four (4) additional
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span> options can be
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User configured, with additional parameters to indicate that
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User they apply to responses larger than a given size,
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User or with an amplification factor larger than a given
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> parameter sets the minimum
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User DNS response size that will trigger the use of this
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span> option.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">ratio</strong></span> parameter sets the minimum
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User DNS response-size / request-size ratio that falls into the
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User band, to two decimal places.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User These selective rate limits are applied after any other
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User rate limits have been applied, and they only apply to
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User positive answers. For example:
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User responses-per-second 10;
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User responses-per-second size 1100 5;
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User ...indicates that responses should be limited to ten per second
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User for responses up to 1099 bytes in size, but only five per second
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User for responses larger than that. This configuration:
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User responses-per-second 10;
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User responses-per-second ratio 7.25 5;
95d0bdf2b427478c4a8ed8e06f9e316c7880140eTinderbox User responses-per-second ratio 15.00 2;
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User ...indicates that responses should be limited to ten per
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User second if the amplification factor is below 7.25, five per
95d0bdf2b427478c4a8ed8e06f9e316c7880140eTinderbox User second if above 7.25 but below 15, and two per second if
a87f0e88e2a56b68070024ed095a80efaedf9c13Tinderbox User Both sizes and ratios can be used together. For example:
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User responses-per-second 10;
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User responses-per-second size 1000 ratio 5.00 5;
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User responses-per-second ratio 10.00 2;
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User This configuration will rate-limit to five per second if
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the ratio is over 5 <span class="emphasis"><em>or</em></span> the size is over
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User 1000, and to two per second if the ratio is over 10. In the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User event that two bands might be chosen (i.e., because the size
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User is over 1000 <span class="emphasis"><em>and</em></span> the ratio is over 10),
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User the one that appears last in the configuration file is the
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User one chosen. To eliminate any ambiguity, it is recommended
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User that under normal circumstances, rate limiting bands should
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User be configured using either <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> or
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">ratio</strong></span> parameters, but not both.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Many attacks using DNS involve UDP requests with forged source
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Rate limiting prevents the use of BIND 9 to flood a network
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User with responses to requests with forged source addresses,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User but could let a third party block responses to legitimate requests.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User There is a mechanism that can answer some legitimate
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User requests from a client whose address is being forged in a flood.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Setting <span><strong class="command">slip</strong></span> to 2 (its default) causes every
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User other UDP request to be answered with a small truncated (TC=1)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The small size and reduced frequency, and so lack of
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User amplification, of "slipped" responses make them unattractive
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User for reflection DoS attacks.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">slip</strong></span> must be between 0 and 10.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User A value of 0 does not "slip":
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User no truncated responses are sent due to rate limiting,
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User all responses are dropped.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User A value of 1 causes every response to slip;
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User values between 2 and 10 cause every n'th response to slip.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Some error responses including REFUSED and SERVFAIL
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User cannot be replaced with truncated responses and are instead
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User leaked at the <span><strong class="command">slip</strong></span> rate.
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User (NOTE: Dropped responses from an authoritative server may
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User reduce the difficulty of a third party successfully forging
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a response to a recursive resolver. The best security
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User against forged responses is for authoritative operators
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User to sign their zones using DNSSEC and for resolver operators
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User to validate the responses. When this is not an option,
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User operators who are more concerned with response integrity
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User than with flood mitigation may consider setting
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">slip</strong></span> to 1, causing all rate-limited
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User responses to be truncated rather than dropped. This reduces
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User the effectiveness of rate-limiting against reflection attacks.)
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User When the approximate query per second rate exceeds
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">qps-scale</strong></span> value,
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User then the <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span>,
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">errors-per-second</strong></span>,
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">nxdomains-per-second</strong></span> and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">all-per-second</strong></span> values are reduced by the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User ratio of the current rate to the <span><strong class="command">qps-scale</strong></span> value.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User This feature can tighten defenses during attacks.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User For example, with
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">qps-scale 250; responses-per-second 20;</strong></span> and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a total query rate of 1000 queries/second for all queries from
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User all DNS clients including via TCP,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User then the effective responses/second limit changes to
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses sent via TCP are not limited
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User but are counted to compute the query per second rate.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The optional <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> clause specifies
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the namespace to which rate limits will apply. It
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User is possible to use different rate limits for different names
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User by specifying multiple <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> blocks
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User with different <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> clauses.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> statement's
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> most closely matches the query
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User name will be the one applied to a given query.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Rate limiters for different name spaces maintain
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User separate counters: If, for example, there is a
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> statement for "com" and
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User another for "example.com", queries matching "example.com"
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User will not be debited against the rate limiter for "com".
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User If a <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> statement does not specify a
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span>, then it applies to the root domain
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User (".") and thus affects the entire DNS namespace, except those
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User portions covered by other <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Communities of DNS clients can be given their own parameters or no
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User rate limiting by putting
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> statements in <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User statements instead of the global <span><strong class="command">option</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User A <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> statement in a view replaces,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User rather than supplementing, a <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User statement among the main options.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User DNS clients within a view can be exempted from rate limits
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User with the <span><strong class="command">exempt-clients</strong></span> clause.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User UDP responses of all kinds can be limited with the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">all-per-second</strong></span> phrase. This rate
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User limiting is unlike the rate limiting provided by
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span>,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">errors-per-second</strong></span>, and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">nxdomains-per-second</strong></span> on a DNS server
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User which are often invisible to the victim of a DNS
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User reflection attack. Unless the forged requests of the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User attack are the same as the legitimate requests of the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User victim, the victim's requests are not affected. Responses
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User affected by an <span><strong class="command">all-per-second</strong></span> limit
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User are always dropped; the <span><strong class="command">slip</strong></span> value
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User has no effect. An <span><strong class="command">all-per-second</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User limit should be at least 4 times as large as the other
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User limits, because single DNS clients often send bursts
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User of legitimate requests. For example, the receipt of a
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User single mail message can prompt requests from an SMTP
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User server for NS, PTR, A, and AAAA records as the incoming
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User SMTP/TCP/IP connection is considered. The SMTP server
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User can need additional NS, A, AAAA, MX, TXT, and SPF records
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User as it considers the STMP <span><strong class="command">Mail From</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User command. Web browsers often repeatedly resolve the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User same names that are repeated in HTML <IMG> tags
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User in a page. <span><strong class="command">all-per-second</strong></span> is similar
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User to the rate limiting offered by firewalls but often
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User inferior. Attacks that justify ignoring the contents
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User of DNS responses are likely to be attacks on the DNS
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User server itself. They usually should be discarded before
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User the DNS server spends resources make TCP connections
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User or parsing DNS requests, but that rate limiting must
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User be done before the DNS server sees the requests.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The maximum size of the table used to track requests and
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User rate limit responses is set with <span><strong class="command">max-table-size</strong></span>.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Each entry in the table is between 40 and 80 bytes.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The table needs approximately as many entries as the number
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User of requests received per second.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The default is 20,000.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User To reduce the cold start of growing the table,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">min-table-size</strong></span> (default 500)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User can set the minimum table size.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Enable <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> category logging to monitor
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User expansions of the table and inform
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User choices for the initial and maximum table size.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Use <span><strong class="command">log-only yes</strong></span> to test rate limiting parameters
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User without actually dropping any requests.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses dropped by rate limits are included in the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">RateDropped</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">QryDropped</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses that truncated by rate limits are included in
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">RateSlipped</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">RespTruncated</strong></span>.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<a name="server_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr[/prefixlen]</code></em> {
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> bogus <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-expire <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-nsid <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> request-sit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> nosit-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em> ; ]</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> keys <em class="replaceable"><code>{ string ; [<span class="optional"> string ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>] }</code></em> ; </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> query-source [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-updateinterval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews<a name="server_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement defines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein characteristics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be associated with a remote name server. If a prefix length is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, then a range of servers is covered. Only the most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server clause applies regardless of the order in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement can occur at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level of the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement contains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one or more <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements, only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the view and any top-level ones are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a view contains no <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any top-level <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you discover that a remote server is giving out bad data,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein marking it as bogus will prevent further queries to it. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value of <span><strong class="command">bogus</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server, acting as master, will respond with an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone transfer when the given remote server, a slave, requests it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, incremental transfer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be provided
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whenever possible. If set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the remote server will be non-incremental. If not set, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global options block is used as a default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server, acting as a slave, will request incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers from the given remote server, a master. If not set, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value of the <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> option in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the view or global options block is used as a default. It may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be set in the zone block and, if set there, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein override the global or view setting for that zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IXFR requests to servers that do not support IXFR will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fall back to AXFR. Therefore, there is no need to manually list
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater which servers support IXFR and which ones do not; the global
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater of <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> should always work.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The purpose of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clauses is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to make it possible to disable the use of IXFR even when both
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and slave claim to support it, for example if one of the servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is buggy and crashes or corrupts data when IXFR is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">request-expire</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whether the local server, when acting as a slave, will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein request the EDNS EXPIRE value. The EDNS EXPIRE value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicates the remaining time before the zone data will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire and need to be be refreshed. This is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when a secondary server transfers a zone from another
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secondary server; when transferring from the primary, the
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User expiration timer is set from the EXPIRE field of the SOA
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User record instead.
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">edns</strong></span> clause determines whether
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User the local server will attempt to use EDNS when communicating
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User with the remote server. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the EDNS UDP size
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User that is advertised by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> when querying the remote server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein silently adjusted to the nearest value within it). This option is
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews useful when you wish to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews advertises a different value to this server than the value you
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews advertise globally, for example, when there is a firewall at the
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews remote site that is blocking large replies.
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User maximum EDNS UDP message size <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will send. Valid
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User be silently adjusted). This option is useful when you
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User know that there is a firewall that is blocking large
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User replies from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">nosit-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User maximum size of UDP responses that will be sent to
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User queries without a valid source identity token. The command
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> option may further limit
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User the response size.
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User The server supports two zone transfer methods. The first, <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span>,
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User uses one DNS message per resource record transferred. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User as many resource records as possible into a message. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User more efficient, but is only known to be understood by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User 8.x, and patched versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User 4.9.5. You can specify which method
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User to use for a server with the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> is not
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews specified, the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span>
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User by the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement will be
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span>
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User is used to limit the number of concurrent inbound zone
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews transfers from the specified server. If no
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> clause is specified, the
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User limit is set according to the
b6b8f8a0362da8c749021c4b6376cfb96047912bTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> option.
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause identifies a
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement,
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User to be used for transaction security (TSIG, <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User when talking to the remote server.
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User When a request is sent to the remote server, a request signature
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User will be generated using the key specified here and appended to the
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User message. A request originating from the remote server is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be signed by this key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Although the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews allows for multiple keys, only a single key per server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the IPv4 and IPv6 source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to be used for zone transfer with the remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein respectively.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews For an IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server, only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For more details, see the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages sent to remote servers, respectively. For an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sent to remote servers, respectively. For an IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein remote server, only <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">request-nsid</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whether the local server will add a NSID EDNS option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to requests sent to the server. This overrides
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">request-nsid</strong></span> set at the view or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option level.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">request-sit</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whether the local server will add a SIT EDNS option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to requests sent to the server. This overrides
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">request-sit</strong></span> set at the view or
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews option level. The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server may
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews determine that SIT is not supported by the remote server
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews and not add a SIT EDNS option to requests.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<a name="statschannels"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> {
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews [ allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> } ]; ]
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews [ inet ...; ]
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<a name="id2592140"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User declares communication channels to be used by system
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User administrators to get access to statistics information of
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User the name server.
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User This statement intends to be flexible to support multiple
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User communication protocols in the future, but currently only
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User HTTP access is supported.
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User It requires that BIND 9 be compiled with libxml2 and/or
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User json-c (also known as libjson0); the
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User still accepted even if it is built without the library,
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User but any HTTP access will fail with an error.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User If no port is specified, port 80 is used for HTTP channels.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The asterisk "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The attempt of opening a statistics channel is
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater restricted by the optional <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Connections to the statistics channel are permitted based on the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater If no <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause is present,
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> accepts connection
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater attempts from any address; since the statistics may
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User contain sensitive internal information, it is highly
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User recommended to restrict the source of connection requests
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User appropriately.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater If no <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is present,
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will not open any communication channels.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The statistics are available in various formats and views
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User depending on the URI used to access them. For example, if
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User the statistics channel is configured to listen on 127.0.0.1
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater port 8888, then the statistics are accessible in XML format at
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/</a> or
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml</a>. A CSS file is
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater included which can format the XML statistics into tables
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater when viewed with a stylesheet-capable browser, and into
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater charts and graphs using the Google Charts API when using a
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater javascript-capable browser.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Applications that depend on a particular XML schema
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v2" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v2</a> for version 2
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater of the statistics XML schema or
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3</a> for version 3.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater If the requested schema is supported by the server, then
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater it will respond; if not, it will return a "page not found"
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Broken-out subsets of the statistics can be viewed at
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/status" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/status</a>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater (server uptime and last reconfiguration time),
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/server" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/server</a>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater (server and resolver statistics),
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/zones" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/zones</a>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater (zone statistics),
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/net" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/net</a>
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User (network status and socket statistics),
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/mem" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/mem</a>
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User (memory manager statistics),
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/tasks" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/tasks</a>
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User (task manager statistics).
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User The full set of statistics can also be read in JSON format at
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json</a>,
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User with the broken-out subsets at
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/status" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/status</a>
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User (server uptime and last reconfiguration time),
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/server" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/server</a>
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User (server and resolver statistics),
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/zones" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/zones</a>
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User (zone statistics),
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/net" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/net</a>
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User (network status and socket statistics),
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/mem" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/mem</a>
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User (memory manager statistics),
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/tasks" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/tasks</a>
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User (task manager statistics).
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User<a name="trusted-keys"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> {
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User<a name="id2592489"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement defines
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User DNSSEC security roots. DNSSEC is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#DNSSEC" title="DNSSEC">the section called “DNSSEC”</a>. A security root is defined when the
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User public key for a non-authoritative zone is known, but
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User cannot be securely obtained through DNS, either because
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User it is the DNS root zone or because its parent zone is
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User unsigned. Once a key has been configured as a trusted
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User key, it is treated as if it had been validated and
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User proven secure. The resolver attempts DNSSEC validation
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User on all DNS data in subdomains of a security root.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User All keys (and corresponding zones) listed in
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> are deemed to exist regardless
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User of what parent zones say. Similarly for all keys listed in
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> only those keys are
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater used to validate the DNSKEY RRset. The parent's DS RRset
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater will not be used.
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement can contain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple key entries, each consisting of the key's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain name, flags, protocol, algorithm, and the Base-64
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce representation of the key data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Spaces, tabs, newlines and carriage returns are ignored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the key data, so the configuration may be split up into
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple lines.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> may be set at the top level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <code class="filename">named.conf</code> or within a view. If it is
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews set in both places, they are additive: keys defined at the top
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews level are inherited by all views, but keys defined in a view
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews are only used within that view.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews Validation below specified names can be temporarily disabled
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews by using <span><strong class="command">rndc nta</strong></span>.
dcb551033f0b33eb5c113169750a61084d8250a1Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews<a name="id2592542"></a><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> {
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>flags</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key-data</code></em> ;
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>flags</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key-data</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews<a name="managed-keys"></a><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, like
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>, defines DNSSEC
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater security roots. The difference is that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> can be kept up to date
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater automatically, without intervention from the resolver
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater Suppose, for example, that a zone's key-signing
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater key was compromised, and the zone owner had to revoke and
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater replace the key. A resolver which had the old key in a
f5c27ecceb6dcba6ad8b75172fe5f9823d7a6d42Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement would be
f5c27ecceb6dcba6ad8b75172fe5f9823d7a6d42Tinderbox User unable to validate this zone any longer; it would
f5c27ecceb6dcba6ad8b75172fe5f9823d7a6d42Tinderbox User reply with a SERVFAIL response code. This would
f5c27ecceb6dcba6ad8b75172fe5f9823d7a6d42Tinderbox User continue until the resolver operator had updated the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement with the new key.
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User If, however, the zone were listed in a
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement instead, then the
ba713ac34af236ef867cc27288e599659379cd66Tinderbox User zone owner could add a "stand-by" key to the zone in advance.
ba713ac34af236ef867cc27288e599659379cd66Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> would store the stand-by key, and
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater when the original key was revoked, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater would be able to transition smoothly to the new key. It would
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater also recognize that the old key had been revoked, and cease
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater using that key to validate answers, minimizing the damage that
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the compromised key could do.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater A <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement contains a list of
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the keys to be managed, along with information about how the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater keys are to be initialized for the first time. The only
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater initialization method currently supported (as of
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.7.0) is <code class="literal">initial-key</code>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater This means the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement must
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater contain a copy of the initializing key. (Future releases may
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater allow keys to be initialized by other methods, eliminating this
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Consequently, a <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater appears similar to a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>, differing
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater in the presence of the second field, containing the keyword
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="literal">initial-key</code>. The difference is, whereas the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater keys listed in a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> continue to be
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater trusted until they are removed from
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, an initializing key listed
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater in a <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement is only trusted
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>once</em></span>: for as long as it takes to load the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater managed key database and start the RFC 5011 key maintenance
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The first time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs with a managed key
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater configured in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, it fetches the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater DNSKEY RRset directly from the zone apex, and validates it
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater using the key specified in the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater statement. If the DNSKEY RRset is validly signed, then it is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater used as the basis for a new managed keys database.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater From that point on, whenever <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs, it
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater sees the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, checks to
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater make sure RFC 5011 key maintenance has already been initialized
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater for the specified domain, and if so, it simply moves on. The
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater key specified in the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> is not
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater used to validate answers; it has been superseded by the key or
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater keys stored in the managed keys database.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The next time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs after a name
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater has been <span class="emphasis"><em>removed</em></span> from the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, the corresponding
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater zone will be removed from the managed keys database,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater and RFC 5011 key maintenance will no longer be used for that
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> only maintains a single managed keys
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater database; consequently, unlike <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> may only be set at the top
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater level of <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, not within a view.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater In the current implementation, the managed keys database is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater stored as a master-format zone file called
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind</code>. When the key database
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater is changed, the zone is updated. As with any other dynamic
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater zone, changes will be written into a journal file,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind.jnl</code>. They are committed
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater to the master file as soon as possible afterward; in the case
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater of the managed key database, this will usually occur within 30
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater seconds. So, whenever <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is using
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater automatic key maintenance, those two files can be expected to
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater exist in the working directory. (For this reason among others,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the working directory should be always be writable by
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.)
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater If the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span> option is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater will automatically initialize a managed key for the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater root zone. Similarly, if the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater option is set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will automatically initialize
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater a managed key for the zone <code class="literal">dlv.isc.org</code>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater In both cases, the key that is used to initialize the key
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater maintenance process is built into <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater and can be overridden from <span><strong class="command">bindkeys-file</strong></span>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater<a name="view_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater match-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater match-destinations { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater match-recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_option</code></em>; ...</span>]
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_statement</code></em>; ...</span>]
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater<a name="id2593046"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement is a powerful
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 that lets a name server
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater answer a DNS query differently
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User depending on who is asking. It is particularly useful for
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User split DNS setups without having to run multiple servers.
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User Each <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement defines a view
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater DNS namespace that will be seen by a subset of clients. A client
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a view if its source IP address matches the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the view's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> clause and its
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews destination IP address matches
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span> clause. If not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, both
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default to matching all addresses. In addition to checking IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can also take <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> which provide an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein mechanism for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein client to select the view. A view can also be specified
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User as <span><strong class="command">match-recursive-only</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means that only recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests from matching clients will match that view.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The order of the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements is
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews significant —
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a client request will be resolved in the context of the first
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> that it matches.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zones defined within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only be accessible to clients that match the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By defining a zone of the same name in multiple views, different
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone data can be given to different clients, for example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and "external" clients in a split DNS setup.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Many of the options given in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can also be used within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, and then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply only when resolving queries with that view. When no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein view-specific
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is given, the value in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used as a default. Also, zone options can have default values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement; these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein view-specific defaults
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein take precedence over those in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Views are class specific. If no class is given, class IN
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assumed. Note that all non-IN views must contain a hint zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein since only the IN class has compiled-in default hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If there are no <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file, a default view that matches any client is automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in class IN. Any <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level of the configuration file are considered to be part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this default view, and the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the default view. If any explicit <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements are present, all <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein occur inside <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Here is an example of a typical split DNS setup implemented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // This should match our internal networks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { 10.0.0.0/8; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide recursive service to internal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // clients only.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide a complete view of the example.com
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // zone including addresses of internal hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinview "external" {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Match all clients not matched by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // previous view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Refuse recursive service to external clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion no;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide a restricted view of the example.com
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // zone containing only publicly accessible hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<a name="zone_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson [<span class="optional"> dnssec-loadkeys-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> update-policy <em class="replaceable"><code>local</code></em> | { <em class="replaceable"><code>update_policy_rule</code></em> [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson [<span class="optional"> check-mx (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> check-spf ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> auto-dnssec <code class="constant">allow</code>|<code class="constant">maintain</code>|<code class="constant">off</code>; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> inline-signing <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> serial-update-method <code class="constant">increment</code>|<code class="constant">unixtime</code>|<code class="constant">date</code>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-zone-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrewszone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-update-mode ( <em class="replaceable"><code>maintain</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>no-resign</code></em> ); </span>]
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnssec-loadkeys-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnssec-secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> also-notify [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
f39512a917cdd06c611d366603374f6ef570c80eTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> auto-dnssec <code class="constant">allow</code>|<code class="constant">maintain</code>|<code class="constant">off</code>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> inline-signing <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>] // Not Implemented.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrewszone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews type static-stub;
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> server-addresses { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> server-names { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> </span>] }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User type forward;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterzone <em class="replaceable"><code>"."</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User type redirect;
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-zone-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrewszone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews type delegation-only;
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrewszone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> in-view <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<a name="id2594994"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<a name="id2595001"></a>Zone Types</h4></div></div></div>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews The server has a master copy of the data
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews for the zone and will be able to provide authoritative
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User A slave zone is a replica of a master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone. The <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies one or more IP addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of master servers that the slave contacts to update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein its copy of the zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Masters list elements can also be names of other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein masters lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By default, transfers are made from port 53 on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers; this can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be changed for all servers by specifying a port number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of IP addresses, or on a per-server basis after
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the IP address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Authentication to the master can also be done with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-server TSIG keys.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a file is specified, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replica will be written to this file whenever the zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and reloaded from this file on a server restart. Use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of a file is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recommended, since it often speeds server startup and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a needless waste of bandwidth. Note that for large
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein numbers (in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein tens or hundreds of thousands) of zones per server, it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use a two-level naming scheme for zone filenames. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a slave server for the zone <code class="literal">example.com</code> might place
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone contents into a file called
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">ex/example.com</code> where <code class="filename">ex/</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein just the first two letters of the zone name. (Most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operating systems
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behave very slowly if you put 100000 files into
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a single directory.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A stub zone is similar to a slave zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except that it replicates only the NS records of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein master zone instead
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the entire zone. Stub zones are not a standard part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein they are a feature specific to the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> implementation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stub zones can be used to eliminate the need for glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a parent zone at the expense of maintaining a stub
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone entry and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a set of name server addresses in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This usage is not recommended for new configurations,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports it only in a limited way.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4/8, zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers of a parent zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein included the NS records from stub children of that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone. This meant
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that, in some cases, users could get away with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuring child stubs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only in the master server for the parent zone. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9 never mixes together zone data from different zones
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein way. Therefore, if a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 master serving a parent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone has child stub zones configured, all the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parent zone also need to have the same child stub
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Stub zones can also be used as a way of forcing the
c60793c77f6b6b8b66ad57c73cd7eb67e8d7ff6fAndreas Gustafsson of a given domain to use a particular set of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, the caching name servers on a private
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC1918 addressing may be configured with stub zones
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to use a set of internal name servers as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers for that domain.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A static-stub zone is similar to a stub zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the following exceptions:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone data is statically configured, rather
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than transferred from a master server;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when recursion is necessary for a query that
c60793c77f6b6b8b66ad57c73cd7eb67e8d7ff6fAndreas Gustafsson matches a static-stub zone, the locally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configured data (nameserver names and glue addresses)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is always used even if different authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information is cached.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone data is configured via the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">server-addresses</strong></span> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">server-names</strong></span> zone options.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The zone data is maintained in the form of NS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and (if necessary) glue A or AAAA RRs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internally, which can be seen by dumping zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein databases by <span><strong class="command">rndc dumpdb -all</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The configured RRs are considered local configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parameters rather than public data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Non recursive queries (i.e., those with the RD
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater bit off) to a static-stub zone are therefore
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater prohibited and will be responded with REFUSED.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Since the data is statically configured, no
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater zone maintenance action takes place for a static-stub
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater For example, there is no periodic refresh
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater attempt, and an incoming notify message
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater will be rejected with an rcode of NOTAUTH.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Each static-stub zone is configured with
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater internally generated NS and (if necessary)
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater glue A or AAAA RRs
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater A "forward zone" is a way to configure
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater forwarding on a per-domain basis. A <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> can
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater contain a <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater and/or <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater which will apply to queries within the domain given by
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater name. If no <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater statement is present or
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater an empty list for <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span> is given, then no
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater forwarding will be done for the domain, canceling the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater any forwarders in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement. Thus
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater if you want to use this type of zone to change the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater behavior of the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater global <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> option
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater (that is, "forward first"
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater to, then "forward only", or vice versa, but want to
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater servers as set globally) you need to re-specify the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater global forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The initial set of root name servers is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified using a "hint zone". When the server starts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the root hints to find a root name server and get the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of root name servers. If no hint zone is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified for class
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IN, the server uses a compiled-in default set of root
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Classes other than IN have no built-in defaults hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Redirect zones are used to provide answers to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries when normal resolution would result in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NXDOMAIN being returned.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only one redirect zone is supported
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per view. <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to restrict which clients see these answers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the client has requested DNSSEC records (DO=1) and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the NXDOMAIN response is signed then no substitution
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To redirect all NXDOMAIN responses to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 100.100.100.2 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 2001:ffff:ffff::100.100.100.2, one would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configure a type redirect zone named ".",
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the zone file containing wildcard records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that point to the desired addresses:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">"*. IN A 100.100.100.2"</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">"*. IN AAAA 2001:ffff:ffff::100.100.100.2"</code>.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater To redirect all Spanish names (under .ES) one
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater would use similar entries but with the names
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater "*.ES." instead of "*.". To redirect all
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater commercial Spanish names (under COM.ES) one
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater would use wildcard entries called "*.COM.ES.".
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User Note that the redirect zone supports all
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User possible types; it is not limited to A and
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User AAAA records.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater Because redirect zones are not referenced
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater directly by name, they are not kept in the
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater zone lookup table with normal master and slave
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater zones. Consequently, it is not currently possible
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span>
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User to reload a redirect zone. However, when using
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">rndc reload</strong></span> without specifying
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User a zone name, redirect zones will be reloaded along
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User with other zones.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User This is used to enforce the delegation-only
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User status of infrastructure zones (e.g. COM,
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User NET, ORG). Any answer that is received
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User without an explicit or implicit delegation
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User in the authority section will be treated
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User as NXDOMAIN. This does not apply to the
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User zone apex. This should not be applied to
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User <code class="varname">delegation-only</code> has no
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User effect on answers received from forwarders.
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User See caveats in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2595609"></a>Class</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The zone's name may optionally be followed by a class. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a class is not specified, class <code class="literal">IN</code> (for <code class="varname">Internet</code>),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assumed. This is correct for the vast majority of cases.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The <code class="literal">hesiod</code> class is
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater named for an information service from MIT's Project Athena. It
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater used to share information about various systems databases, such
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater as users, groups, printers and so on. The keyword
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater a synonym for hesiod.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Another MIT development is Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the mid-1970s. Zone data for it can be specified with the <code class="literal">CHAOS</code> class.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2595710"></a>Zone Options</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a "Simple Secure Update" policy. See
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only meaningful if <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein active for this zone. The set of machines that will
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <code class="literal">DNS NOTIFY</code> message
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews for this zone is made up of all the listed name servers
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews the primary master) for the zone plus any IP addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>. A port
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with each <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to send the notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages to a port other than the default of 53.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A TSIG key may also be specified to cause the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">NOTIFY</code> to be signed by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein meaningful for stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the empty list.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to restrict the character set and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein received from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network. The default varies according to zone type. For <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>. For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones the default is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is not implemented for <span><strong class="command">hint</strong></span> zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-spf</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-spf</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews See the description of
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-update-mode</strong></span></span></dt>
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User See the description of
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dnssec-update-mode</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews See the description of
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Specify the type of database to be used for storing the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews zone data. The string following the <span><strong class="command">database</strong></span> keyword
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews is interpreted as a list of whitespace-delimited words.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The first word
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews identifies the database type, and any subsequent words are
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews as arguments to the database to be interpreted in a way
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews to the database type.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>"rbt"</code></strong>, BIND 9's
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater native in-memory
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater red-black-tree database. This database does not take
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater Other values are possible if additional database drivers
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater have been linked into the server. Some sample drivers are
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater with the distribution but none are linked in by default.
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews See the description of
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The flag only applies to forward, hint and stub
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones. If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then the zone will also be treated as if it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also a delegation-only type zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See caveats in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only meaningful if the zone has a forwarders
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list. The <span><strong class="command">only</strong></span> value causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the lookup to fail
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein after trying the forwarders and getting no answer, while <span><strong class="command">first</strong></span> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allow a normal lookup to be tried.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used to override the list of global forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If it is not specified in a zone of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein no forwarding is done for the zone and the global options are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the name
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater of the transaction log (journal) file for dynamic update
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User and constructs the name of the journal
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User file by appending "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>"
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User to the name of the
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-tmp-file</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Was an undocumented option in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Ignored in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">journal</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow the default journal's filename to be overridden.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the zone's filename with "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>" appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is applicable to <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_resource_limits" title="Server Resource Limits">the section called “Server Resource Limits”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews See the description of
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater See the description of
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pubkey</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein intended for specifying
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a public zone key for verification of signatures in DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones when they are loaded from disk. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 does not verify signatures
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on load and ignores the option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will keep
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information for this zone, which can be dumped to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> defined in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server options.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews Only meaningful for static-stub zones.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews This is a list of IP addresses to which queries
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews should be sent in recursive resolution for the
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews A non empty list for this option will internally
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews configure the apex NS RR with associated glue A or
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews For example, if "example.com" is configured as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein static-stub zone with 192.0.2.1 and 2001:db8::1234
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a <span><strong class="command">server-addresses</strong></span> option,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews the following RRs will be internally configured.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">example.com. NS example.com.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These records are internally used to resolve
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein names under the static-stub zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For instance, if the server receives a query for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "www.example.com" with the RD bit on, the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will initiate recursive resolution and send
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-names</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Only meaningful for static-stub zones.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater This is a list of domain names of nameservers that
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater act as authoritative servers of the static-stub
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater These names will be resolved to IP addresses when
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> needs to send queries to
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater these servers.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater To make this supplemental resolution successful,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater these names must not be a subdomain of the origin
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater name of static-stub zone.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater That is, when "example.net" is the origin of a
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater static-stub zone, "ns.example" and
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater "master.example.com" can be specified in the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">server-names</strong></span> option, but
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater "ns.example.net" cannot, and will be rejected by
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater the configuration parser.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater A non empty list for this option will internally
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater configure the apex NS RR with the specified names.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater For example, if "example.com" is configured as a
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater static-stub zone with "ns1.example.net" and
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater in a <span><strong class="command">server-names</strong></span> option,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater the following RRs will be internally configured.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">example.com. NS ns1.example.net.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater These records are internally used to resolve
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater names under the static-stub zone.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater For instance, if the server receives a query for
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater "www.example.com" with the RD bit on, the server
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater initiate recursive resolution,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater "ns2.example.net" to IP addresses, and then send
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater queries to (one or more of) these addresses.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (Note that the <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>master</code></strong> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>slave</code></strong> choices are not
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews available at the zone level.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zones configured for dynamic DNS may also use this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option to allow varying levels of automatic DNSSEC key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein management. There are three possible settings:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec allow;</strong></span> permits
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys to be updated and the zone fully re-signed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whenever the user issues the command <span><strong class="command">rndc sign
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec maintain;</strong></span> includes the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein above, but also automatically adjusts the zone's DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys on schedule, according to the keys' timing metadata
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></span>(8)</a> and
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <a href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></span>(8)</a>). The command
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span> causes
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to load keys from the key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein repository and sign the zone with all keys that are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span> causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to load keys from the key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein repository and schedule key maintenance events to occur
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews in the future, but it does not sign the full zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein immediately. Note: once keys have been loaded for a
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater zone the first time, the repository will be searched
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater for changes periodically, regardless of whether
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc loadkeys</strong></span> is used. The recheck
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater interval is defined by
f7b2875691497b292eacb60609be23a813d14e63Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span>.)
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The default setting is <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec off</strong></span>.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-update-method</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Zones configured for dynamic DNS may use this
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater option to set the update method that will be used for
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the zone serial number in the SOA record.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater With the default setting of
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">serial-update-method increment;</strong></span>, the
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater SOA serial number will be incremented by one each time
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater the zone is updated.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">serial-update-method unixtime;</strong></span>, the
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater SOA serial number will be set to the number of seconds
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater since the UNIX epoch, unless the serial number is
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater already greater than or equal to that value, in which
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater case it is simply incremented by one.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">serial-update-method date;</strong></span>, the
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater new SOA serial number will be the current date
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater in the form "YYYYMMDD", followed by two zeroes,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater unless the existing serial number is already greater
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater than or equal to that value, in which case it is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater incremented by one.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">inline-signing</strong></span></span></dt>
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater If <code class="literal">yes</code>, this enables
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater "bump in the wire" signing of a zone, where a
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater unsigned zone is transferred in or loaded from
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater disk and a signed version of the zone is served,
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater with possibly, a different serial number. This
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater behaviour is disabled by default.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater See the description of <span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span> in
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater See the description of <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-zone-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
f39512a917cdd06c611d366603374f6ef570c80eTinderbox User See the description of <span><strong class="command">max-zone-ttl</strong></span>
f39512a917cdd06c611d366603374f6ef570c80eTinderbox User in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
f39512a917cdd06c611d366603374f6ef570c80eTinderbox User Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
f39512a917cdd06c611d366603374f6ef570c80eTinderbox User Usage”</a>.
f39512a917cdd06c611d366603374f6ef570c80eTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
f39512a917cdd06c611d366603374f6ef570c80eTinderbox User See the description of
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
2cc7515f8a0c2f5f86ec85a853c7cb855b3d9536Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater<a name="dynamic_update_policies"></a>Dynamic Update Policies</h4></div></div></div>
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater<p><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 supports two alternative
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater methods of granting clients the right to perform
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater dynamic updates to a zone, configured by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> option, respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> clause works the
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews same way as in previous versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>.
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews It grants given clients the permission to update any
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews record of any name in the zone.
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> clause
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User allows more fine-grained control over what updates are
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User allowed. A set of rules is specified, where each rule
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User either grants or denies permissions for one or more
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User names to be updated by one or more identities. If
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User the dynamic update request message is signed (that is,
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User it includes either a TSIG or SIG(0) record), the
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater identity of the signer can be determined.
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater Rules are specified in the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater zone option, and are only meaningful for master zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is present, it is a configuration error for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> statement to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein present. The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only examines the signer of a message; the source
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews address is not relevant.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews There is a pre-defined <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews rule which can be switched on with the command
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy local;</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Switching on this rule in a zone causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to generate a TSIG session
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews key and place it in a file, and to allow that key
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews to update the zone. (By default, the file is
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>, the key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name is "local-ddns" and the key algorithm is HMAC-SHA256,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but these values are configurable with the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span>,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">session-keyname</strong></span> and
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">session-keyalg</strong></span> options, respectively).
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater A client running on the local system, and with appropriate
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater permissions, may read that file and use the key to sign update
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater requests. The zone's update policy will be set to allow that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key to change any record within the zone. Assuming the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name is "local-ddns", this policy is equivalent to:
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">update-policy { grant local-ddns zonesub any; };
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The command <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span> sends update
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews requests to localhost, and signs them using the session key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Other rule definitions look like this:
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater( <span><strong class="command">grant</strong></span> | <span><strong class="command">deny</strong></span> ) <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>] [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>types</code></em> </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Each rule grants or denies privileges. Once a message has
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater successfully matched a rule, the operation is immediately
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater granted or denied and no further rules are examined. A rule
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater is matched when the signer matches the identity field, the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater name matches the name field in accordance with the nametype
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater field, and the type matches the types specified in the type
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater No signer is required for <em class="replaceable"><code>tcp-self</code></em>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater or <em class="replaceable"><code>6to4-self</code></em> however the standard
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater reverse mapping / prefix conversion must match the identity
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The identity field specifies a name or a wildcard
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater name. Normally, this is the name of the TSIG or
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater SIG(0) key used to sign the update request. When a
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater TKEY exchange has been used to create a shared secret,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater the identity of the shared secret is the same as the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater identity of the key used to authenticate the TKEY
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater exchange. TKEY is also the negotiation method used
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater by GSS-TSIG, which establishes an identity that is
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater the Kerberos principal of the client, such as
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>"user@host.domain"</code></strong>. When the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a wildcard name, it is subject to DNS wildcard
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater expansion, so the rule will apply to multiple identities.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contain a fully-qualified domain name.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater For nametypes <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">ms-self</code>, <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater and <code class="varname">ms-subdomain</code> the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater the Windows or Kerberos realm of the machine belongs to.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> field has 13
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <code class="varname">name</code>, <code class="varname">subdomain</code>,
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <code class="varname">wildcard</code>, <code class="varname">self</code>,
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <code class="varname">selfsub</code>, <code class="varname">selfwild</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>, <code class="varname">ms-self</code>,
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <code class="varname">tcp-self</code>, <code class="varname">6to4-self</code>,
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <code class="varname">zonesub</code>, and <code class="varname">external</code>.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater Exact-match semantics. This rule matches
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater when the name being updated is identical
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater to the contents of the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule matches when the name being updated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a subdomain of, or identical to, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contents of the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews This rule is similar to subdomain, except that
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews it matches when the name being updated is a
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews subdomain of the zone in which the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appears. This obviates the need to type the zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name twice, and enables the use of a standard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple zones without modification.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When this rule is used, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field is omitted.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater is subject to DNS wildcard expansion, and
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater this rule matches when the name being updated
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater name is a valid expansion of the wildcard.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater This rule matches when the name being updated
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater matches the contents of the
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater is ignored, but should be the same as the
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater The <code class="varname">self</code> nametype is
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater most useful when allowing using one key per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name to update, where the key has the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name as the name to be updated. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified as <code class="constant">*</code> (an asterisk) in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except that subdomains of <code class="varname">self</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can also be updated.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews except that only subdomains of
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <code class="varname">self</code> can be updated.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews This rule takes a Windows machine principal
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews (machine$@REALM) for machine in REALM and
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews and converts it machine.realm allowing the machine
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews to update machine.realm. The REALM to be matched
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews is specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews This rule takes a Windows machine principal
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews (machine$@REALM) for machine in REALM and
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews converts it to machine.realm allowing the machine
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews to update subdomains of machine.realm. The REALM
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews to be matched is specified in the
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User This rule takes a Kerberos machine principal
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater (host/machine@REALM) for machine in REALM and
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater and converts it machine.realm allowing the machine
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater to update machine.realm. The REALM to be matched
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater is specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater This rule takes a Kerberos machine principal
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User (host/machine@REALM) for machine in REALM and
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater converts it to machine.realm allowing the machine
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater to update subdomains of machine.realm. The REALM
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater to be matched is specified in the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User Allow updates that have been sent via TCP and
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater for which the standard mapping from the initiating
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater IP address into the IN-ADDR.ARPA and IP6.ARPA
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater namespaces match the name to be updated.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater Allow the 6to4 prefix to be update by any TCP
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater connection from the 6to4 network or from the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater corresponding IPv4 address. This is intended
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews to allow NS or DNAME RRsets to be added to the
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews reverse tree.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews This rule allows <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews to defer the decision of whether to allow a
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews given update to an external daemon.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews The method of communicating with the daemon is
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews field, the format of which is
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews "<code class="constant">local:</code><em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em>",
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews where <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> is the location
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater of a UNIX-domain socket. (Currently, "local" is the
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews only supported mechanism.)
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews Requests to the external daemon are sent over the
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews UNIX-domain socket as datagrams with the following
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews Protocol version number (4 bytes, network byte order, currently 1)
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews Request length (4 bytes, network byte order)
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews Signer (null-terminated string)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Name (null-terminated string)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater TCP source address (null-terminated string)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Rdata type (null-terminated string)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Key (null-terminated string)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater TKEY token length (4 bytes, network byte order)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater TKEY token (remainder of packet)</pre>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater The daemon replies with a four-byte value in
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater network byte order, containing either 0 or 1; 0
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater indicates that the specified update is not
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater permitted, and 1 indicates that it is.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater In all cases, the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater field must specify a fully-qualified domain name.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater If no types are explicitly specified, this rule matches
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater all types except RRSIG, NS, SOA, NSEC and NSEC3. Types
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater may be specified by name, including "ANY" (ANY matches
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater all types except NSEC and NSEC3, which can never be
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater updated). Note that when an attempt is made to delete
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater all records associated with a name, the rules are
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater checked for each existing record type.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater<a name="id2598708"></a>Multiple views</h4></div></div></div>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater When multiple views are in use, a zone may be
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater referenced by more than one of them. Often, the views
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater will contain different zones with the same name, allowing
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater different clients to receive different answers for the same
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater queries. At times, however, it is desirable for multiple
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater views to contain identical zones. The
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">in-view</strong></span> zone option provides an efficient
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater way to do this: it allows a view to reference a zone that
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater was defined in a previously configured view. Example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinview internal {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { 10/8; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updaterview external {
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater match-clients { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in-view internal;
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User An <span><strong class="command">in-view</strong></span> option cannot refer to a view
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User that is configured later in the configuration file.
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User A <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement which uses the
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">in-view</strong></span> option may not use any other
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User options with the exception of <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User and <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>. (These options control
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User the behavior of the containing view, rather than changing
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User the zone object itself.)
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User An <span><strong class="command">in-view</strong></span> zone cannot be used as a
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User response policy zone.
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User<a name="id2598756"></a>Zone File</h2></div></div></div>
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User<a name="types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them"></a>Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</h3></div></div></div>
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User This section, largely borrowed from RFC 1034, describes the
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User concept of a Resource Record (RR) and explains when each is used.
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User Since the publication of RFC 1034, several new RRs have been
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User and implemented in the DNS. These are also included.
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User<a name="id2598774"></a>Resource Records</h4></div></div></div>
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User A domain name identifies a node. Each node has a set of
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User resource information, which may be empty. The set of resource
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User information associated with a particular name is composed of
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User separate RRs. The order of RRs in a set is not significant and
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User need not be preserved by name servers, resolvers, or other
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User parts of the DNS. However, sorting of multiple RRs is
70b01b2d03d66b28d97f5cf4fd49ecd74418b065Tinderbox User permitted for optimization purposes, for example, to specify
70b01b2d03d66b28d97f5cf4fd49ecd74418b065Tinderbox User that a particular nearby server be tried first. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a> and <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>.
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User The components of a Resource Record are:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The domain name where the RR is found.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An encoded 16-bit value that specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the type of the resource record.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The time-to-live of the RR. This field
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a 32-bit integer in units of seconds, and is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein primarily used by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolvers when they cache RRs. The TTL describes how
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein long a RR can
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews be cached before it should be discarded.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews An encoded 16-bit value that identifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a protocol family or instance of a protocol.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The resource data. The format of the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews data is type (and sometimes class) specific.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following are <span class="emphasis"><em>types</em></span> of valid RRs:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A host address. In the IN class, this is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 32-bit IP address. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 address. Described in RFC 1886.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 address. This can be a partial
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (a suffix) and an indirection to the name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein where the rest of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (the prefix) can be found. Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2874.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Location of AFS database servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Address prefix list. Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 3123.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Holds a digital certificate.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2538.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies the canonical name of an alias.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Is used for identifying which DHCP client is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with this name. Described in RFC 4701.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Replaces the domain name specified with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein another name to be looked up, effectively aliasing an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein subtree of the domain name space rather than a single
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as in the case of the CNAME RR.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2672.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Stores a public key associated with a signed
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stores the hash of a public key associated with a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein signed DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specifies the global position. Superseded by LOC.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Identifies the CPU and OS used by a host.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Provides a method for storing IPsec keying material in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS. Described in RFC 4025.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Representation of ISDN addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Stores a public key associated with a
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater DNS name. Used in original DNSSEC; replaced
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater by DNSKEY in DNSSECbis, but still used with
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater SIG(0). Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies a key exchanger for this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS name. Described in RFC 2230.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For storing GPS info. Described in RFC 1876.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies a mail exchange for the domain with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a 16-bit preference value (lower is better)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by the host name of the mail exchange.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 974, RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Name authority pointer. Described in RFC 2915.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A network service access point.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1706.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The authoritative name server for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not exist in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews existing name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 4034.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs with an owner name in a certain name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interval do not exist in a zone and indicate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein what RR types are present for an existing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name. NSEC3 differs from NSEC in that it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prevents zone enumeration but is more
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews computationally expensive on both the server
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and the client than NSEC. Described in RFC
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Used in DNSSECbis to tell the authoritative
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews server which NSEC3 chains are available to use.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Described in RFC 5155.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Used in DNSSEC to securely indicate that
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater existing name.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Used in original DNSSEC; replaced by NSEC in
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Described in RFC 2535.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater A pointer to another part of the domain
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater name space. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Provides mappings between RFC 822 and X.400
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses. Described in RFC 2163.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information on persons responsible
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the domain. Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Contains DNSSECbis signature data. Described
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in RFC 4034.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Route-through binding for hosts that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein do not have their own direct wide area network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Contains DNSSEC signature data. Used in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews original DNSSEC; replaced by RRSIG in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews DNSSECbis, but still used for SIG(0).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Identifies the start of a zone of authority.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Contains the Sender Policy Framework information
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a given email domain. Described in RFC 4408.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information about well known network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein services (replaces WKS). Described in RFC 2782.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Provides a way to securely publish a secure shell key's
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater fingerprint. Described in RFC 4255.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Text records. Described in RFC 1035.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Information about which well known
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater network services, such as SMTP, that a domain
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater supports. Historical.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Representation of X.25 network addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following <span class="emphasis"><em>classes</em></span> of resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are currently valid in the DNS:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Internet.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created at MIT in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Rarely used for its historical purpose, but reused for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built-in server information zones, e.g.,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Hesiod, an information service
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein developed by MIT's Project Athena. It is used to share
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein about various systems databases, such as users,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein groups, printers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The owner name is often implicit, rather than forming an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein part of the RR. For example, many name servers internally form
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or hash structures for the name space, and chain RRs off nodes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The remaining RR parts are the fixed header (type, class, TTL)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which is consistent for all RRs, and a variable part (RDATA)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fits the needs of the resource being described.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The meaning of the TTL field is a time limit on how long an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RR can be kept in a cache. This limit does not apply to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data in zones; it is also timed out, but by the refreshing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the zone. The TTL is assigned by the administrator for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone where the data originates. While short TTLs can be used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minimize caching, and a zero TTL prohibits caching, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of Internet performance suggest that these times should be on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order of days for the typical host. If a change can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein anticipated,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the TTL can be reduced prior to the change to minimize
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inconsistency
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein during the change, and then increased back to its former value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The data in the RDATA section of RRs is carried as a combination
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of binary strings and domain names. The domain names are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used as "pointers" to other data in the DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2600329"></a>Textual expression of RRs</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs are represented in binary form in the packets of the DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein protocol, and are usually represented in highly encoded form
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stored in a name server or resolver. In the examples provided
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 1034, a style similar to that used in master files was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in order to show the contents of RRs. In this format, most RRs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are shown on a single line, although continuation lines are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using parentheses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The start of the line gives the owner of the RR. If a line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begins with a blank, then the owner is assumed to be the same as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that of the previous RR. Blank lines are often included for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein readability.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following the owner, we list the TTL, type, and class of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RR. Class and type use the mnemonics defined above, and TTL is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an integer before the type field. In order to avoid ambiguity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parsing, type and class mnemonics are disjoint, TTLs are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the type mnemonic is always last. The IN class and TTL
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are often omitted from examples in the interests of clarity.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The resource data or RDATA section of the RR are given using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein knowledge of the typical representation for the data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, we might show the RRs carried in a message as:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The MX RRs have an RDATA section which consists of a 16-bit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number followed by a domain name. The address RRs use a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP address format to contain a 32-bit internet address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The above example shows six RRs, with two RRs at each of three
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain names.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Similarly we might see:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This example shows two addresses for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">XX.LCS.MIT.EDU</code>, each of a different class.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2600918"></a>Discussion of MX Records</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As described above, domain servers store information as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein series of resource records, each of which contains a particular
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein piece of information about a given domain name (which is usually,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but not always, a host). The simplest way to think of a RR is as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a typed pair of data, a domain name matched with a relevant datum,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and stored with some additional type information to help systems
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews determine when the RR is relevant.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews MX records are used to control delivery of email. The data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the record is a priority and a domain name. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls the order in which email delivery is attempted, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lowest number first. If two priorities are the same, a server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein chosen randomly. If no servers at a given priority are responding,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the mail transport agent will fall back to the next largest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Priority numbers do not have any absolute meaning — they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only respective to other MX records for that domain name. The
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews name given is the machine to which the mail will be delivered.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews It <span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> have an associated address record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (A or AAAA) — CNAME is not sufficient.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a given domain, if there is both a CNAME record and an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX record, the MX record is in error, and will be ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the mail will be delivered to the server specified in the MX
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointed to by the CNAME.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Mail delivery will be attempted to <code class="literal">mail.example.com</code> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">mail2.example.com</code> (in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any order), and if neither of those succeed, delivery to <code class="literal">mail.backup.org</code> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be attempted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Setting_TTLs"></a>Setting TTLs</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The time-to-live of the RR field is a 32-bit integer represented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in units of seconds, and is primarily used by resolvers when they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache RRs. The TTL describes how long a RR can be cached before it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be discarded. The following three types of TTL are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used in a zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The last field in the SOA is the negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caching TTL. This controls how long other servers will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache no-such-domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (NXDOMAIN) responses from you.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum time for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein negative caching is 3 hours (3h).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The $TTL directive at the top of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone file (before the SOA) gives a default TTL for every
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a specific TTL set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each RR can have a TTL as the second
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field in the RR, which will control how long other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers can cache it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All of these TTLs default to units of seconds, though units
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be explicitly specified, for example, <code class="literal">1h30m</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2601533"></a>Inverse Mapping in IPv4</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Reverse name resolution (that is, translation from IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to name) is achieved by means of the <span class="emphasis"><em>in-addr.arpa</em></span> domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and PTR records. Entries in the in-addr.arpa domain are made in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein least-to-most significant order, read left to right. This is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein opposite order to the way IP addresses are usually written. Thus,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a machine with an IP address of 10.1.2.3 would have a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein corresponding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 3.2.1.10.in-addr.arpa. This name should have a PTR resource record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whose data field is the name of the machine or, optionally,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein PTR records if the machine has more than one name. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the [<span class="optional">example.com</span>] domain:
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User <code class="literal">2.1.10.in-addr.arpa</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">IN PTR foo.example.com.</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> lines in the examples
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are for providing context to the examples only — they do not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appear in the actual usage. They are only used here to indicate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that the example is relative to the listed origin.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2601660"></a>Other Zone File Directives</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Master File Format was initially defined in RFC 1035 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has subsequently been extended. While the Master File Format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is class independent all records in a Master File must be of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Master File Directives include <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">$TTL.</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2601683"></a>The <span><strong class="command">@</strong></span> (at-sign)</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in the label (or name) field, the asperand or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at-sign (@) symbol represents the current origin.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At the start of the zone file, it is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>> (followed by
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews trailing dot).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2601699"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>domain-name</code></em>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sets the domain name that will be appended to any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unqualified records. When a zone is first read in there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is an implicit <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>><span><strong class="command">.</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (followed by trailing dot).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the domain specified in the <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein argument if it is not absolute.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinWWW CNAME MAIN-SERVER
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater is equivalent to
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic UpdaterWWW.EXAMPLE.COM. CNAME MAIN-SERVER.EXAMPLE.COM.
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater<a name="id2601760"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Read and process the file <code class="filename">filename</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if it were included into the file at this point. If <span><strong class="command">origin</strong></span> is
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater specified the file is processed with <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> set
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater to that value, otherwise the current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The origin and the current domain name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein revert to the values they had prior to the <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the file has been read.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 1035 specifies that the current origin should be restored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>, but it is silent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on whether the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain name should also be restored. BIND 9 restores both of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This could be construed as a deviation from RFC 1035, a
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User feature, or both.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2601829"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>default-ttl</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Set the default Time To Live (TTL) for subsequent records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with undefined TTLs. Valid TTLs are of the range 0-2147483647
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is defined in RFC 2308.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2601933"></a><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used to create a series of resource records that only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein differ from each other by an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein iterator. <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> can be used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein easily generate the sets of records required to support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sub /24 reverse delegations described in RFC 2317:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN 0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-2 @ NS SERVER$.EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 $ CNAME $.0</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. NS SERVER1.EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein1.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 1.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein2.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 2.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User127.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 127.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Generate a set of A and MX records. Note the MX's right hand
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews side is a quoted string. The quotes will be stripped when the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein right hand side is processed.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews$ORIGIN EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ A 1.2.3.$
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ MX "0 ."</pre>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">HOST-1.EXAMPLE. A 1.2.3.1
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">range</strong></span></p>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater This can be one of two forms: start-stop
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater or start-stop/step. If the first form is used, then step
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater is set to 1. start, stop and step must be positive
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater integers between 0 and (2^31)-1. start must not be
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater larger than stop.
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span></p>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater describes the owner name of the resource records
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater to be created. Any single <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater symbols within the <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> string
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are replaced by the iterator value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To get a $ in the output, you need to escape the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> using a backslash
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">\</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein e.g. <span><strong class="command">\$</strong></span>. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> may optionally be followed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by modifiers which change the offset from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein iterator, field width and base.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Modifiers are introduced by a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">{</strong></span> (left brace) immediately following the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> as
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">${offset[,width[,base]]}</strong></span>.
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User For example, <span><strong class="command">${-20,3,d}</strong></span>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User subtracts 20 from the current value, prints the
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User result as a decimal in a zero-padded field of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Available output forms are decimal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">d</strong></span>), octal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">o</strong></span>), hexadecimal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">x</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">X</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for uppercase) and nibble
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">n</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">N</strong></span>\
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews for uppercase). The default modifier is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">${0,0,d}</strong></span>. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> is not absolute, the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews In nibble mode the value will be treated as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if it was a reversed hexadecimal string
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with each hexadecimal digit as a separate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein label. The width field includes the label
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For compatibility with earlier versions,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$$</strong></span> is still recognized as
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews indicating a literal $ in the output.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span></p>
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater Specifies the time-to-live of the generated records. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not specified this will be inherited using the
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater normal TTL inheritance rules.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span></p>
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater Specifies the class of the generated records.
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater This must match the zone class if it is
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">type</strong></span></p>
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater Any valid type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span>, optionally, quoted string.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> directive is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> extension
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and not part of the standard zone file format.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein BIND 8 does not support the optional TTL and CLASS fields.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zonefile_format"></a>Additional File Formats</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In addition to the standard textual format, BIND 9
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports the ability to read or dump to zone files in
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater other formats.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a binary representation of zone data in a manner similar
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to that used in zone transfers. Since it does not require
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parsing text, load time is significantly reduced.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An even faster alternative is the <code class="constant">map</code>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater format, which is an image of a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in-memory zone database; it is capable of being loaded
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein directly into memory via the <span><strong class="command">mmap()</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein function; the zone can begin serving queries almost
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein immediately.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews For a primary server, a zone file in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="constant">raw</code> or <code class="constant">map</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein format is expected to be generated from a textual zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file by the <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a secondary server or for a dynamic zone, it is automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generated (if this format is specified by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> option) when
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> dumps the zone contents after
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews zone transfer or when applying prior updates.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If a zone file in a binary format needs manual modification,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews it first must be converted to a textual form by the
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. All
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User necessary modification should go to the text file, which
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User should then be converted to the binary form by the
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command again.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User Note that <span><strong class="command">map</strong></span> format is extremely
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User architecture-specific. A <code class="constant">map</code>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User file <span class="emphasis"><em>cannot</em></span> be used on a system
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User with different pointer size, endianness or data alignment
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User than the system on which it was generated, and should in
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User general be used only inside a single system.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User While <code class="constant">raw</code> format uses
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User network byte order and avoids architecture-dependent
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User data alignment so that it is as portable as
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User possible, it is also primarily expected to be used
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User inside the same single system. To export a
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User zone file in either <code class="constant">raw</code> or
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User <code class="constant">map</code> format, or make a
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User portable backup of such a file, conversion to
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <code class="constant">text</code> format is recommended.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="statistics"></a>BIND9 Statistics</h2></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains lots of statistics
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews information and provides several interfaces for users to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews get access to the statistics.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The available statistics include all statistics counters
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that were available in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews are meaningful in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and other information that is considered useful.
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User The statistics information is categorized into the following
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews The number of incoming DNS requests for each OPCODE.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number of incoming queries for each RR type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number of outgoing queries for each RR
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater type sent from the internal resolver.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Maintained per view.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters about incoming request processing.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters regarding zone maintenance
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater operations such as zone transfers.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters about name resolution
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater performed in the internal resolver.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Maintained per view.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number of RRsets per RR type and nonexistent
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater names stored in the cache database.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater If the exclamation mark (!) is printed for a RR
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater type, it means that particular type of RRset is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater known to be nonexistent (this is also known as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater "NXRRSET"). If a hash mark (#) is present then
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the RRset is marked for garbage collection.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Maintained per view.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters about network related events.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater A subset of Name Server Statistics is collected and shown
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater per zone for which the server has the authority when
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span> is set to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These statistics counters are shown with their zone and view
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater In some cases the view names are omitted for the default view.
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater There are currently two user interfaces to get access to the
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User One is in the plain text format dumped to the file specified
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User by the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> configuration option.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The other is remotely accessible via a statistics channel
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater when the <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is specified in the configuration file
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels" title="statistics-channels Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>.)
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<a name="statsfile"></a>The Statistics File</h4></div></div></div>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater The text format statistics dump begins with a line, like:
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">+++ Statistics Dump +++ (973798949)</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number in parentheses is a standard
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Unix-style timestamp, measured as seconds since January 1, 1970.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater that line is a set of statistics information, which is categorized
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater as described above.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Each section begins with a line, like:
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">++ Name Server Statistics ++</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Each section consists of lines, each containing the statistics
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater counter value followed by its textual description.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See below for available counters.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For brevity, counters that have a value of 0 are not shown
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in the statistics file.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The statistics dump ends with the line where the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater number is identical to the number in the beginning line; for example:
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">--- Statistics Dump --- (973798949)</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="statistics_counters"></a>Statistics Counters</h3></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The following tables summarize statistics counters that
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For each row of the tables, the leftmost column is the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater abbreviated symbol name of that counter.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These symbols are shown in the statistics information
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater accessed via an HTTP statistics channel.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The rightmost column gives the description of the counter,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater which is also shown in the statistics file
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (but, in this document, possibly with slight modification
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater for better readability).
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Additional notes may also be provided in this column.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater When a middle column exists between these two columns,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater it gives the corresponding counter name of the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 statistics, if applicable.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2603064"></a>Name Server Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Requestv4</strong></span></p>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">RQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 requests received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note: this also counts non query requests.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Requestv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 requests received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note: this also counts non query requests.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqEdns0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with EDNS(0) received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqBadEDNSVer</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with unsupported EDNS version received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqTSIG</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with TSIG received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqSIG0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with SIG(0) received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqBadSIG</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with invalid (TSIG or SIG(0)) signature.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqTCP</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RTCP</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater TCP requests received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">AuthQryRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RUQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Authoritative (non recursive) queries rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RecQryRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RURQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Recursive queries rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RUXFR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RUUpd</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic update requests rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Response</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RespTruncated</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Truncated responses sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RespEDNS0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with EDNS(0) sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RespTSIG</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with TSIG sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RespSIG0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with SIG(0) sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QrySuccess</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in a successful answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This means the query which returns a NOERROR response
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater with at least one answer RR.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">success</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryAuthAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in authoritative answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryNoauthAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SNaAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in non authoritative answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryReferral</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in referral answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">referral</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryNxrrset</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in NOERROR responses with no data.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nxrrset</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QrySERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in SERVFAIL.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryFORMERR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in FORMERR.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryNXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SNXD</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in NXDOMAIN.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nxdomain</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryRecursion</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries which caused the server
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to perform recursion in order to find the final answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryDuplicate</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RDupQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries which the server attempted to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater recurse but discovered an existing query with the same
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IP address, port, query ID, name, type and class
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater already being processed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">duplicate</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryDropped</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Recursive queries for which the server
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater discovered an excessive number of existing
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater recursive queries for the same name, type and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater class and were subsequently dropped.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This is the number of dropped queries due to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the reason explained with the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (see the description about
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#clients-per-query"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span></a>.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dropped</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryFailure</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Other query failures.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">failure</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note: this counter is provided mainly for
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater backward compatibility with the previous versions.
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater Normally a more fine-grained counters such as
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">AuthQryRej</strong></span> and
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">RecQryRej</strong></span>
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater that would also fall into this counter are provided,
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater and so this counter would not be of much
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater interest in practice.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrReqDone</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requested zone transfers completed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateReqFwd</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater Update requests forwarded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateRespFwd</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Update responses forwarded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateFwdFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic update forward failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateDone</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates completed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateBadPrereq</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates rejected due to prerequisite failure.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RateDropped</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses dropped by rate limits.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RateSlipped</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses truncated by rate limits.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RPZRewrites</strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Response policy zone rewrites.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<a name="id2604701"></a>Zone Maintenance Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyOutv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 notifies sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyOutv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 notifies sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyInv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 notifies received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyInv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 notifies received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Incoming notifies rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SOAOutv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 SOA queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SOAOutv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 SOA queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">AXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 AXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">AXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 AXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">IXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 IXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">IXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 IXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrSuccess</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests succeeded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2605153"></a>Resolver Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Queryv4</strong></span></p>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Queryv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Responsev4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Responsev6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RNXD</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater NXDOMAIN received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">FORMERR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RFErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater FORMERR received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">OtherError</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Other errors received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">EDNS0Fail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater EDNS(0) query failures.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Mismatch</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RDupR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Mismatch responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The DNS ID, response's source address,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and/or the response's source port does not
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater match what was expected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (The port must be 53 or as defined by
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> option.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This may be an indication of a cache
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater poisoning attempt.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Truncated</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Truncated responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Lame</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RLame</strong></span></p>
65e9adc0e8185883d0de6690683ef4c2a0cc968bAutomatic Updater Lame delegations received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Retry</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SDupQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Query retries performed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QueryAbort</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries aborted due to quota control.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QuerySockFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Failures in opening query sockets.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater One common reason for such failures is a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater failure of opening a new socket due to a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater limitation on file descriptors.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QueryTimeout</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Query timeouts.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv4</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SSysQ</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv4 NS address fetches invoked.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv6</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SSysQ</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv6 NS address fetches invoked.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv4Fail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 NS address fetch failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv6Fail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 NS address fetch failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValAttempt</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation attempted.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValOk</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation succeeded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValNegOk</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation on negative information succeeded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryRTTnn</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Frequency table on round trip times (RTTs) of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Each <span><strong class="command">nn</strong></span> specifies the corresponding
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In the sequence of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_1</strong></span>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_2</strong></span>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m</strong></span>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the value of <span><strong class="command">nn_i</strong></span> is the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater number of queries whose RTTs are between
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_(i-1)</strong></span> (inclusive) and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_i</strong></span> (exclusive) milliseconds.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For the sake of convenience we define
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_0</strong></span> to be 0.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The last entry should be represented as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m+</strong></span>, which means the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater number of queries whose RTTs are equal to or over
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m</strong></span> milliseconds.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<a name="id2606106"></a>Socket I/O Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Socket I/O statistics counters are defined per socket
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater types, which are
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP4</strong></span> (UDP/IPv4),
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP6</strong></span> (UDP/IPv6),
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">TCP4</strong></span> (TCP/IPv4),
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">TCP6</strong></span> (TCP/IPv6),
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">Unix</strong></span> (Unix Domain), and
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> (sockets opened outside the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater socket module).
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater In the following table <span><strong class="command"><TYPE></strong></span>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater represents a socket type.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Not all counters are available for all socket types;
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater exceptions are noted in the description field.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Open</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Sockets opened successfully.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> type.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>OpenFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Failures of opening sockets.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> type.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Close</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Sockets closed.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>BindFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Failures of binding sockets.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>ConnFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Failures of connecting sockets.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Conn</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Connections established successfully.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>AcceptFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Failures of accepting incoming connection requests.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP</strong></span> and
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> types.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Accept</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Incoming connections successfully accepted.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP</strong></span> and
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> types.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>SendErr</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Errors in socket send operations.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter corresponds
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater to <span><strong class="command">SErr</strong></span> counter of
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>RecvErr</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Errors in socket receive operations.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This includes errors of send operations on a
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater connected UDP socket notified by an ICMP error
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<a name="id2606616"></a>Compatibility with <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND</em></span> 8 Counters</h4></div></div></div>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Most statistics counters that were available
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater in <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8 are also supported in
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 as shown in the above tables.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Here are notes about other counters that do not appear
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater in these tables.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RFwdR,SFwdR</strong></span></span></dt>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater These counters are not supported
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater because <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 does not adopt
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater the notion of <span class="emphasis"><em>forwarding</em></span>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater as <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8 did.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RAXFR</strong></span></span></dt>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is accessible in the Incoming Queries section.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RIQ</strong></span></span></dt>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is accessible in the Incoming Requests section.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ROpts</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is not supported
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater because <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 does not care
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater about IP options in the first place.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html">Prev</a>�</td>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<td width="40%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html">Next</a>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter�5.�The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Lightweight Resolver�</td>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�Chapter�7.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</td>