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bec154197d3d640b0d5b416cd5218ea58dca5d3aTinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<title>Chapter�6.�BIND 9 Configuration Reference</title>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="next" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html" title="Chapter�7.�BIND 9 Security Considerations">
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71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</th></tr>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<a name="Bv9ARM.ch06"></a>Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2573486">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574099"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574289"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574786"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574801"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574824"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574845"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574936"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575062"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576412"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576486"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576550"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576594"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576609"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2585268"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2585317"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2585465"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2586842"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2589057">Zone File</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2591010">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2591629">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2591825">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592082"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration is broadly similar
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8; however, there are a few new
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater of configuration, such as views. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater 8 configuration files should work with few alterations in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9, although more complex configurations should be reviewed to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if they can be more efficiently implemented using the new features
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein found in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4 configuration files can be
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews converted to the new format
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews using the shell script
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">contrib/named-bootconf/named-bootconf.sh</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="configuration_file_elements"></a>Configuration File Elements</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following is a list of elements used throughout the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file documentation:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name of an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defined by the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>, <code class="varname">key_id</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="varname">acl_name</code> elements, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A named list of one or more <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews with optional <code class="varname">key_id</code> and/or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A <code class="varname">masters_list</code> may include other
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a DNS name, for example "<code class="literal">my.test.domain</code>".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One to four integers valued 0 through
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater 255 separated by dots (`.'), such as <span><strong class="command">123</strong></span>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">45.67</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">89.123.45.67</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv4 address with exactly four elements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <code class="varname">dotted_decimal</code> notation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv6 address, such as <span><strong class="command">2001:db8::1234</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 scoped addresses that have ambiguity on their scope
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones must be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disambiguated by an appropriate zone ID with the percent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (`%') as delimiter.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is strongly recommended to use string zone names rather
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein numeric identifiers, in order to be robust against system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration changes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, since there is no standard mapping for such names
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identifier values, currently only interface names as link
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported, assuming one-to-one mapping between
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces and links.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, a link-local address <span><strong class="command">fe80::1</strong></span> on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein link attached to the interface <span><strong class="command">ne0</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified as <span><strong class="command">fe80::1%ne0</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that on most systems link-local addresses always have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ambiguity, and need to be disambiguated.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews An <code class="varname">ip4_addr</code> or <code class="varname">ip6_addr</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">number</code> is limited to 0
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through 65535, with values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below 1024 typically restricted to use by processes running
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In some cases, an asterisk (`*') character can be used as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein placeholder to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein select a random high-numbered port.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User An IP network specified as an <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>,
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User followed by a slash (`/') and then the number of bits in the
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Trailing zeros in a <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User For example, <span><strong class="command">127/8</strong></span> is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">127.0.0.0</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein netmask <span><strong class="command">255.0.0.0</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0/28</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0</strong></span> with netmask <span><strong class="command">255.255.255.240</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">domain_name</code> representing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name of a shared key, to be used for transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separated by semicolons and ending with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A non-negative 32-bit integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (i.e., a number between 0 and 4294967295, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Its acceptable value might further
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be limited by the context in which it is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a pathname, such as <code class="filename">zones/master/my.test.domain</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A number, the word <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the word <strong class="userinput"><code>default</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <code class="varname">unlimited</code> <code class="varname">size_spec</code> requests unlimited
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use, or the maximum available amount. A <code class="varname">default size_spec</code> uses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the limit that was in force when the server was started.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews A <code class="varname">number</code> can optionally be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by a scaling factor:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>K</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>k</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for kilobytes,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>M</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>m</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for megabytes, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>G</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>g</code></strong> for gigabytes,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which scale by 1024, 1024*1024, and 1024*1024*1024
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The value must be representable as a 64-bit unsigned integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (0 to 18446744073709551615, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Using <code class="varname">unlimited</code> is the best
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to safely set a really large number.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Either <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The words <strong class="userinput"><code>true</code></strong> and <strong class="userinput"><code>false</code></strong> are
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater also accepted, as are the numbers <strong class="userinput"><code>1</code></strong>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and <strong class="userinput"><code>0</code></strong>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">dialup_option</code>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater One of <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong> or
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater When used in a zone, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>, and <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are restricted to slave and stub zones.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<a name="address_match_lists"></a>Address Match Lists</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2573352"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><code class="varname">address_match_list</code> = address_match_list_element ;
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> address_match_list_element; ... </span>]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<code class="varname">address_match_list_element</code> = [<span class="optional"> ! </span>] (ip_address [<span class="optional">/length</span>] |
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User key key_id | acl_name | { address_match_list } )
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<a name="id2573380"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control for various server operations. They are also used in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User statements. The elements
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User which constitute an address match list can be any of the
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User a key ID, as defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<li>the name of an address match list defined with
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<li>a nested address match list enclosed in braces</li>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Elements can be negated with a leading exclamation mark (`!'),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the match list names "any", "none", "localhost", and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are predefined. More information on those names can be found in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the description of the acl statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The addition of the key clause made the name of this syntactic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element something of a misnomer, since security keys can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to validate access without regard to a host or network address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Nonetheless,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the term "address match list" is still used throughout the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein documentation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a given IP address or prefix is compared to an address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match list, the list is traversed in order until an element
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for access control, defining listen-on ports, or in a sortlist,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and whether the element was negated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used as an access control list, a non-negated match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allows access and a negated match denies access. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein there is no match, access is denied. The clauses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span> all use address match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists. Similarly, the listen-on option will cause the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to not accept queries on any of the machine's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses which do not match the list.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Because of the first-match aspect of the algorithm, an element
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that defines a subset of another element in the list should come
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before the broader element, regardless of whether either is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein negated. For
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">1.2.3/24; ! 1.2.3.13;</strong></span> the 1.2.3.13
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein completely useless because the algorithm will match any lookup for
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Using <span><strong class="command">! 1.2.3.13; 1.2.3/24</strong></span> fixes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that problem by having 1.2.3.13 blocked by the negation but all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein other 1.2.3.* hosts fall through.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2573486"></a>Comment Syntax</h3></div></div></div>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 comment syntax allows for
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews comments to appear
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein anywhere that white space may appear in a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. To appeal to programmers of all kinds, they can be written
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2573501"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">/* This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C */</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">// This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C++</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"># This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in common UNIX shells and perl</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2573531"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Comments may appear anywhere that white space may appear in
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments start with the two characters /* (slash,
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews star) and end with */ (star, slash). Because they are completely
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews delimited with these characters, they can be used to comment only
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews a portion of a line or to span multiple lines.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews C-style comments cannot be nested. For example, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not valid because the entire comment ends with the first */:
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">/* This is the start of a comment.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews This is still part of the comment.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews/* This is an incorrect attempt at nesting a comment. */
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews This is no longer in any comment. */
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews C++-style comments start with the two characters // (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews For example:
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">// This is the start of a comment. The next line
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews// is a new comment, even though it is logically
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews// part of the previous comment.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Shell-style (or perl-style, if you prefer) comments start
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews with the character <code class="literal">#</code> (number sign)
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews and continue to the end of the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews physical line, as in C++ comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"># This is the start of a comment. The next line
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews# is a new comment, even though it is logically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein# part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You cannot use the semicolon (`;') character
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to start a comment such as you would in a zone file. The
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews semicolon indicates the end of a configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Configuration_File_Grammar"></a>Configuration File Grammar</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration consists of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements and comments.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Statements end with a semicolon. Statements and comments are the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only elements that can appear without enclosing braces. Many
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews statements contain a block of sub-statements, which are also
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews terminated with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following statements are supported:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span></p>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce defines a named IP address
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce matching list, for access control and other uses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares control channels to be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <p><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein includes a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies key information for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authentication and authorization using TSIG.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies what the server logs, and where
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log messages are sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configures <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also act as a light-weight resolver daemon (<span><strong class="command">lwresd</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named masters list for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inclusion in stub and slave zone masters clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls global server configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options and sets defaults for other statements.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sets certain configuration options on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a per-server basis.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines trusted DNSSEC keys.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statements may only occur once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574099"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> acl-name {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address_match_list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="acl"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement assigns a symbolic
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater name to an address match list. It gets its name from a primary
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater use of address match lists: Access Control Lists (ACLs).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that an address match list's name must be defined
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> before it can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein elsewhere; no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forward references are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following ACLs are built-in:
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">any</strong></span></p>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Matches all hosts.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">none</strong></span></p>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Matches no hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of all network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces on the system.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span></p>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Matches any host on an IPv4 or IPv6 network
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater for which the system has an interface.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Some systems do not provide a way to determine the prefix
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater local IPv6 addresses.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater In such a case, <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only matches the local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 addresses, just like <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574289"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ] allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> }
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ unix <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> perm <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> owner <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> group <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ unix ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="controls_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement declares control
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels to be used by system administrators to control the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation of the name server. These control channels are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility to send
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User commands to and retrieve non-DNS results from a name server.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you will only use <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> on the local host,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the loopback address (<code class="literal">127.0.0.1</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="literal">::1</code>) is recommended for maximum security.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no port is specified, port 953 is used. The asterisk
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The ability to issue commands over the control channel is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein restricted by the <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Connections to the control channel are permitted based on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>. This is for simple
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP address based filtering only; any <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein elements of the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <span><strong class="command">unix</strong></span> control channel is a UNIX domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein socket listening at the specified path in the file system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Access to the socket is specified by the <span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">owner</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">group</strong></span> clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note on some platforms (SunOS and Solaris) the permissions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>) are applied to the parent directory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as the permissions on the socket itself are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary authorization mechanism of the command
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel is the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contains a list of <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>s.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> in the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is authorized to execute commands over the control channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#rndc">Remote Name Daemon Control application</a> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#admin_tools" title="Administrative Tools">the section called “Administrative Tools”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for information about configuring keys in <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement is present,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will set up a default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control channel listening on the loopback address 127.0.0.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and its IPv6 counterpart ::1.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In this case, and also when the <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is present but does not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to load the command channel key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the file <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc</code> (or whatever <code class="varname">sysconfdir</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was specified as when <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> was built).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To create a <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file, run
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature was created to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ease the transition of systems from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which did not have digital signatures on its command channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages and thus did not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It makes it possible to use an existing <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration file in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 unchanged,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and still have <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> work the same way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span> worked in BIND 8, simply by executing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong> after BIND 9 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only intended to allow the backward-compatible usage of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 configuration files, this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein feature does not
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User have a high degree of configurability. You cannot easily change
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User the key name or the size of the secret, so you should make a
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> with your own key if you
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User wish to change
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User those things. The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User permissions set such that only the owner of the file (the user that
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running as) can access it.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User desire greater flexibility in allowing other users to access
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> commands, then you need to create
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> file and make it group
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User readable by a group
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User that contains the users who should have access.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User To disable the command channel, use an empty
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement:
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">controls { };</strong></span>.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<a name="id2574786"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">include <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>;</pre>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<a name="id2574801"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> statement inserts the
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User specified file at the point where the <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User statement is encountered. The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User statement facilitates the administration of configuration
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User by permitting the reading or writing of some things but not
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User others. For example, the statement could include private keys
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User that are readable only by the name server.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<a name="id2574824"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em> {
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User algorithm <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User secret <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<a name="id2574845"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement defines a shared
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secret key for use with TSIG (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User or the command channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Usage”</a>).
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement can occur at the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews of the configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce statement. Keys defined in top-level <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements can be used in all views. Keys intended for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be defined at the top level.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>, also known as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name, is a domain name uniquely identifying the key. It can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in a <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement to cause requests sent to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to be signed with this key, or in address match lists to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein verify that incoming requests have been signed with a key
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews matching this name, algorithm, and secret.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em> is a string
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that specifies a security/authentication algorithm. Named
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews supports <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code> TSIG authentication.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Truncated hashes are supported by appending the minimum
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews number of required bits preceeded by a dash, e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em> is the secret
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews to be used by the algorithm, and is treated as a base-64
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews encoded string.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2574936"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>path name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> | <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> ) ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>size spec</code></em> ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews | <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>syslog_facility</code></em>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews | <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews | <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> );
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> (<code class="option">critical</code> | <code class="option">error</code> | <code class="option">warning</code> | <code class="option">notice</code> |
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="option">info</code> | <code class="option">debug</code> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em> ] | <code class="option">dynamic</code> ); ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>category_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; [ <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; ... ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575062"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement configures a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein variety of logging options for the name server. Its <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associates output methods, format options and severity levels with
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews a name that can then be used with the <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> phrase
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to select how various classes of messages are logged.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Only one <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as many channels and categories as are wanted. If there is no <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the logging configuration will be:
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category unmatched { null; };
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the logging configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only established when
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the entire configuration file has been parsed. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, it was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein established as soon as the <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was parsed. When the server is starting up, all logging messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regarding syntax errors in the configuration file go to the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels, or to standard error if the "<code class="option">-g</code>" option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575114"></a>The <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All log output goes to one or more <span class="emphasis"><em>channels</em></span>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you can make as many of them as you want.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Every channel definition must include a destination clause that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein says whether messages selected for the channel go to a file, to a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein particular syslog facility, to the standard error stream, or are
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews discarded. It can optionally also limit the message severity level
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews that will be accepted by the channel (the default is
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span>), and whether to include a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>-generated time stamp, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and/or severity level (the default is not to include any).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> destination clause
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews causes all messages sent to the channel to be discarded;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that case, other options for the channel are meaningless.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> destination clause directs
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews to a disk file. It can include limitations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both on how large the file is allowed to become, and how many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file will be saved each time the file is opened.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you use the <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> log file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will retain that many backup
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein versions of the file by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renaming them when opening. For example, if you choose to keep
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three old versions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file <code class="filename">lamers.log</code>, then just
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before it is opened
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code> is renamed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.2</code>, <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code> is renamed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code>, and <code class="filename">lamers.log</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renamed to <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You can say <span><strong class="command">versions unlimited</strong></span> to
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews the number of versions.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option is associated with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log file,
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce then renaming is only done when the file being opened exceeds the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated size. No backup versions are kept by default; any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log file is simply appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option for files is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to limit log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein growth. If the file ever exceeds the size, then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop writing to the file unless it has a <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with it. If backup versions are kept, the files are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein described above and a new one begun. If there is no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option, no more data will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be written to the log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein until some out-of-band mechanism removes or truncates the log to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein less than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum size. The default behavior is not to limit the size of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Example usage of the <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> options:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel an_example_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "example.log" versions 3 size 20m;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print-time yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print-category yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the system log. Its argument is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog facility as described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. Known facilities are <span><strong class="command">kern</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">user</strong></span>,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">mail</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">auth</strong></span>,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">lpr</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">news</strong></span>,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">uucp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">cron</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">authpriv</strong></span>,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">ftp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local0</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local1</strong></span>,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">local2</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local3</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local4</strong></span>,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">local5</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local6</strong></span> and
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">local7</strong></span>, however not all facilities
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews are supported on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all operating systems.
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews How <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> will handle messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this facility is described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. If you have a system which uses a very old version of <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only uses two arguments to the <span><strong class="command">openlog()</strong></span> function,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then this clause is silently ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> clause works like <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>'s
cf3f55777b86527d5b00bb39d661c5fe6f9625f2Automatic Updater "priorities", except that they can also be used if you are writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein straight to a file rather than using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>.
9aafbfaefbfcaef713dddbf4e83807c282f07b88Tinderbox User Messages which are not at least of the severity level given will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be selected for the channel; messages of higher severity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you are using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, then the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> priorities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will also determine what eventually passes through. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defining a channel facility and severity as <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> but
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce only logging <span><strong class="command">daemon.warning</strong></span> via <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause messages of severity <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notice</strong></span> to
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce be dropped. If the situation were reversed, with <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> writing
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce messages of only <span><strong class="command">warning</strong></span> or higher,
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce then <span><strong class="command">syslogd</strong></span> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print all messages it received from the channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the server's standard error stream. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use when the server is running as a foreground process, for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when debugging a configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server can supply extensive debugging information when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is in debugging mode. If the server's global debug level is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than zero, then debugging mode will be active. The global debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level is set either by starting the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the <code class="option">-d</code> flag followed by a positive integer,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or by running <span><strong class="command">rndc trace</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The global debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be set to zero, and debugging mode turned off, by running <span><strong class="command">rndc
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafssonnotrace</strong></span>. All debugging messages in the server have a debug
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson level, and higher debug levels give more detailed output. Channels
aeb8fffc841865c3336383eadfd9987332a03286Andreas Gustafsson that specify a specific debug severity, for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel specific_debug_level {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity debug 3;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will get debugging output of level 3 or less any time the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server is in debugging mode, regardless of the global debugging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level. Channels with <span><strong class="command">dynamic</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's global debug level to determine what messages to print.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> has been turned on,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and time will be logged. <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified for a <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> channel,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but is usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointless since <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> also prints
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. If <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requested, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category of the message will be logged as well. Finally, if <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on, then the severity level of the message will be logged. The <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in any combination, and will always be printed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order: time, category, severity. Here is an example where all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">28-Feb-2000 15:05:32.863 general: notice: running</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are four predefined channels that are used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>'s default logging as follows.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_category_phrase" title="The category Phrase">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel default_syslog {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog daemon; // send to syslog's daemon
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info; // only send priority info
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // and higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel default_debug {
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews // the working directory
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews // Note: stderr is used instead
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // if the server is started
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // with the '-f' option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity dynamic; // log at the server's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // current debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel default_stderr {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stderr; // writes to stderr
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info; // only send priority info
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // and higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel null {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein null; // toss anything sent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // this channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">default_debug</strong></span> channel has the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein property that it only produces output when the server's debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein nonzero. It normally writes to a file called <code class="filename">named.run</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the server's working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For security reasons, when the "<code class="option">-u</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option is used, the <code class="filename">named.run</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is created only after <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changed to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein new UID, and any debug output generated while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein starting up and still running as root is discarded. If you need
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to capture this output, you must run the server with the "<code class="option">-g</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option and redirect standard error to a file.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Once a channel is defined, it cannot be redefined. Thus you
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce cannot alter the built-in channels directly, but you can modify
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce the default logging by pointing categories at channels you have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_category_phrase"></a>The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are many categories, so you can send the logs you want
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to see wherever you want, without seeing logs you don't want. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you don't specify a list of channels for a category, then log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that category will be sent to the <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span> category
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instead. If you don't specify a default category, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "default default" is used:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As an example, let's say you want to log security events to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a file, but you also want keep the default logging behavior. You'd
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel my_security_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "my_security_file";
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeincategory security {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein my_security_channel;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default_syslog;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default_debug;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To discard all messages in a category, specify the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category xfer-out { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeincategory notify { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following are the available categories and brief descriptions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the types of log information they contain. More
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein categories may be added in future <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> releases.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">default</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default category defines the logging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options for those categories where no specific
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">general</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The catch-all. Many things still aren't
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce classified into categories, and they all end up here.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages relating to the databases used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internally by the name server to store zone and cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">config</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Configuration file parsing and processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">resolver</strong></span></p>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater DNS resolution, such as the recursive
7c0ebe385b36d64c2424dd5a3e62d441c08e7037Andreas Gustafsson lookups performed on behalf of clients by a caching name
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-in</strong></span></p>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Zone transfers the server is receiving.
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-out</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is sending.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The NOTIFY protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">client</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Processing of client requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">unmatched</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages that named was unable to determine the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class of or for which there was no matching <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A one line summary is also logged to the <span><strong class="command">client</strong></span> category.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default it is sent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">network</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Network operations.
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson <p><span><strong class="command">update</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update-security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of update requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify where queries should be logged to.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At startup, specifying the category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span> will also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enable query logging unless <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> option has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The query log entry reports the client's IP address and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein port number, and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query name, class and type. It also reports whether the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Recursion Desired
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein flag was set (+ if set, - if not set), EDNS was in use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (E) or if the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query was signed (S).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#62536: query: www.example.com IN AAAA +SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client ::1#62537: query: www.example.net IN AAAA -SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dispatch</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dispatching of incoming packets to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server modules where they are to be processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dnssec</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC and TSIG protocol processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lame-servers</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Lame servers. These are misconfigurations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in remote servers, discovered by BIND 9 when trying to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein those servers during resolution.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Delegation only. Logs queries that have have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein been forced to NXDOMAIN as the result of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delegation-only zone or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span> in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hint or stub zone declaration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576412"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> listen-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> view <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> search { <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ndots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576486"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statement configures the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to also act as a lightweight resolver server. (See
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#lwresd" title="Running a Resolver Daemon">the section called “Running a Resolver Daemon”</a>.) There may be be multiple
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statements configuring
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lightweight resolver servers with different properties.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statement specifies a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses (and ports) that this instance of a lightweight resolver
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should accept requests on. If no port is specified, port 921 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If this statement is omitted, requests will be accepted on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement binds this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instance of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lightweight resolver daemon to a view in the DNS namespace, so that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response will be constructed in the same manner as a normal DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this view. If this statement is omitted, the default view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used, and if there is no default view, an error is triggered.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It provides a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of domains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which are appended to relative names in queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It indicates the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of dots in a relative domain name that should result in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exact match lookup before search path elements are appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576550"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576594"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists allow for a common set of masters to be easily used by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple stub and slave zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576609"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
919c99b7a47dadd4564eb2b48be2f59216d932fcAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> version <em class="replaceable"><code>version_string</code></em>; </span>]
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> hostname <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname_string</code></em>; </span>]
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> server-id <em class="replaceable"><code>server_id_string</code></em>; </span>]
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> named-xfer <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-credential <em class="replaceable"><code>principal</code></em>; </span>]
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-domain <em class="replaceable"><code>domainname</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tkey-dhkey <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_tag</code></em>; </span>]
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> cache-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dump-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> memstatistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pid-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> statistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> auth-nxdomain <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> deallocate-on-exit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em>; </span>]
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> fake-iquery <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> fetch-glue <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> flush-zones-on-shutdown <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> has-old-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> host-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> host-statistics-max <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> minimal-responses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> multiple-cnames <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> recursion <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> rfc2308-type1 <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-id-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-validation <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-lookaside <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> trust-anchor <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-must-be-secure <em class="replaceable"><code>domain yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-accept-expired <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward ( <em class="replaceable"><code>only</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>first</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dual-stack-servers [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ) ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ... }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names ( <em class="replaceable"><code>master</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>slave</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>response</code></em> )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-srv-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-sibling <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-v6-synthesis { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> blackhole { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> avoid-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> avoid-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> listen-on [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
cbf7f1435f332b31f51a98611ccbfcd07c42c032Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> listen-on-v6 [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] ) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] ) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yse_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tcp-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> recursive-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> serial-query-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> serial-queries <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> tcp-listen-queue <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfers-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfers-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfers-per-ns <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> coresize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> datasize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> files <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> stacksize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> heartbeat-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> interface-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> statistics-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> topology { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> sortlist { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> rrset-order { <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; ... </span>] </span>] };
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> lame-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-ncache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-cache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> min-roots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> treat-cr-as-space <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em>; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> additional-from-auth <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> additional-from-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> random-device <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-cache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> match-mapped-addresses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> preferred-glue ( <em class="replaceable"><code>A</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>AAAA</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>NONE</code></em> ); </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> root-delegation-only [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>] ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> querylog <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> disable-algorithms <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> acache-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> acache-cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-acache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> empty-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> empty-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> empty-zones-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> disable-empty-zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<a name="options"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement sets up global
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>. This statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may appear only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein once in a configuration file. If there is no <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater statement, an options block with each option set to its default will
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">directory</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The working directory of the server.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Any non-absolute pathnames in the configuration file will be
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as relative to this directory. The default location for most
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater output files (e.g. <code class="filename">named.run</code>)
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater is this directory.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If a directory is not specified, the working directory
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater defaults to `<code class="filename">.</code>', the directory from
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater which the server
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater was started. The directory specified should be an absolute
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater When performing dynamic update of secure zones, the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater directory where the public and private key files should be
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater if different than the current working directory. The
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater directory specified
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater must be an absolute path.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete.</em></span> It
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to specify
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the pathname to the <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater program. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, no separate
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span> program is needed;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater its functionality is built into the name server.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-gssapi-credential</strong></span></span></dt>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The security credential with which the server should
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater authenticate keys requested by the GSS-TSIG protocol.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Currently only Kerberos 5 authentication is available
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater and the credential is a Kerberos principal which
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the server can aquire through the default system
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater key file, normally <code class="filename">/etc/krb5.keytab</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Normally this principal is of the form
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater "<strong class="userinput"><code>dns/</code></strong><code class="varname">server.domain</code>".
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater To use GSS-TSIG, <span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater must also be set.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The domain appended to the names of all shared keys
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater generated with <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. When a
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater client requests a <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span> exchange,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater it may or may not specify the desired name for the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater key. If present, the name of the shared key will
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater will be <code class="varname">client specified part</code> +
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>. Otherwise, the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater name of the shared key will be <code class="varname">random hex
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater digits</code> + <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In most cases, the <span><strong class="command">domainname</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater should be the server's domain name, or an otherwise
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater non-existent subdomain like
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater "_tkey.<code class="varname">domainname</code>". If you are
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater using GSS-TSIG, this variable must be defined
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-dhkey</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The Diffie-Hellman key used by the server
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to generate shared keys with clients using the Diffie-Hellman
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater of <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. The server must be
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater able to load the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater public and private keys from files in the working directory.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater most cases, the keyname should be the server's host name.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cache-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is for testing only. Do not use.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dump-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server dumps
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the database to when instructed to do so with
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc dumpdb</strong></span>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named_dump.db</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server writes memory
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater usage statistics to on exit. If not specified,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the default is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">named.memstats</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pid-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater in. If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">/var/run/named.pid</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pid-file is used by programs that want to send signals to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater name server. Specifying <span><strong class="command">pid-file none</strong></span> disables the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater use of a PID file — no file will be written and any
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater existing one will be removed. Note that <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater is a keyword, not a file name, and therefore is not enclosed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater double quotes.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server appends statistics
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to when instructed to do so using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.stats</code> in the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater server's current directory. The format of the file is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">port</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The UDP/TCP port number the server uses for
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater receiving and sending DNS protocol traffic.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The default is 53. This option is mainly intended for server
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater a server using a port other than 53 will not be able to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater communicate with
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the global DNS.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The source of entropy to be used by the server. Entropy is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater primarily needed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater for DNSSEC operations, such as TKEY transactions and dynamic
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater update of signed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater zones. This options specifies the device (or file) from which
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater entropy. If this is a file, operations requiring entropy will
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater file has been exhausted. If not specified, the default value
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater (or equivalent) when present, and none otherwise. The
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span> option takes
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the initial configuration load at server startup time and
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater is ignored on subsequent reloads.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">preferred-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If specified, the listed type (A or AAAA) will be emitted
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater before other glue
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater in the additional section of a query response.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The default is not to prefer any type (NONE).
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Turn on enforcement of delegation-only in TLDs (top level domains) and root zones
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater with an optional
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Note some TLDs are not delegation only (e.g. "DE", "LV", "US"
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater and "MUSEUM").
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater root-delegation-only exclude { "de"; "lv"; "us"; "museum"; };
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Disable the specified DNSSEC algorithms at and below the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater specified name.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Multiple <span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater statements are allowed.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Only the most specific will be applied.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater When set, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater validator with an alternate method to validate DNSKEY records
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or below a domain
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater specified by the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater deepest <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>, and
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the normal dnssec validation
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor will be append to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater name and a DLV record will be looked up to see if it can
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater key. If the DLV record validates a DNSKEY (similarly to the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater record does) the DNSKEY RRset is deemed to be trusted.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-must-be-secure</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Specify hierarchies which must be or may not be secure (signed and
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then named will only accept
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater answers if they
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then normal dnssec validation
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater allowing for insecure answers to be accepted.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The specified domain must be under a <span><strong class="command">trusted-key</strong></span> or
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> must be
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="boolean_options"></a>Boolean Options</h4></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the <span><strong class="command">AA</strong></span> bit
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater is always set on NXDOMAIN responses, even if the server is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater authoritative. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>;
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater a change from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8. If you
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater are using very old DNS software, you
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater may need to set it to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">deallocate-on-exit</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User 8 to enable checking
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for memory leaks on exit. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option and always performs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server treats all zones as if they are doing zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a dial-on-demand dialup link, which can be brought up by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein originating from this server. This has different effects
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to zone type and concentrates the zone maintenance so that
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User happens in a short interval, once every <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hopefully during the one call. It also suppresses some of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone maintenance traffic. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in which case it overrides the global <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the zone is a master zone, then the server will send out a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein request to all the slaves (default). This should trigger the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number check in the slave (providing it supports NOTIFY)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowing the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to verify the zone while the connection is active.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The set of servers to which NOTIFY is sent can be controlled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is a slave or stub zone, then the server will suppress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "zone up to date" (refresh) queries and only perform them
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> expires in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addition to sending
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NOTIFY requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Finer control can be achieved by using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong> which only sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong> which sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein suppresses the normal refresh queries, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which suppresses normal refresh processing and sends refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expires, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong> which just disables normal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein normal refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein heart-beat refresh
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater heart-beat notify
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> (default)</p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span></p>
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">refresh</strong></span></p>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify-passive</strong></span></p>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Note that normal NOTIFY processing is not affected by
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fake-iquery</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enabled simulating the obsolete DNS query type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IQUERY. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 never does
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IQUERY simulation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, <strong class="userinput"><code>fetch-glue yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caused the server to attempt to fetch glue resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein didn't have when constructing the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data section of a response. This is now considered a bad
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and BIND 9 never does it.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater When the nameserver exits due receiving SIGTERM,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein flush or do not flush any pending zone writes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was incorrectly implemented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, and is ignored by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To achieve the intended effect
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the two separate options <span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> instead.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater In BIND 8, this enables keeping of
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User statistics for every host that the name server interacts
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Not implemented in BIND 9.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">maintain-ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
66edf659b7e4db8a36edec0beaf507ff3199fc22Automatic Updater It was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater determine whether a transaction log was
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater kept for Incremental Zone Transfer. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains a transaction
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater log whenever possible. If you need to disable outgoing
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers, use <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">minimal-responses</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein responses the server will only add records to the authority
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater and additional data sections when they are required (e.g.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater delegations, negative responses). This may improve the
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User performance of the server.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multiple-cnames</strong></span></span></dt>
538a83db7509d598da95a93bd7b74ef3112123a4Mark Andrews This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to allow
538a83db7509d598da95a93bd7b74ef3112123a4Mark Andrews a domain name to have multiple CNAME records in violation of
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User the DNS standards. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.2 onwards
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User always strictly enforces the CNAME rules both in master
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews files and dynamic updates.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> (the default),
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater DNS NOTIFY messages are sent when a zone the server is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater authoritative for
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater changes, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#notify" title="Notify">the section called “Notify”</a>. The messages are
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User servers listed in the zone's NS records (except the master
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User server identified
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User in the SOA MNAME field), and to any servers listed in the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> option.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>master-only</code></strong>, notifies are only
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User for master zones.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>explicit</code></strong>, notifies are sent only
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User servers explicitly listed using <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, no notifies are sent.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> option may also be
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User in which case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options notify</strong></span> statement.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User It would only be necessary to turn off this option if it
0c487f4b6eade1440ea40f5a5ffc9b5fd4c41ed1Mark Andrews caused slaves
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS query requests recursion, then the server will attempt
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all the work required to answer the query. If recursion is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the server does not already know the answer, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referral response. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that setting <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> does not prevent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients from getting data from the server's cache; it only
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater prevents new data from being cached as an effect of client
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Caching may still occur as an effect the server's internal
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater operation, such as NOTIFY address lookups.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater See also <span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span> above.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Setting this to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> will
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater cause the server to send NS records along with the SOA
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater record for negative
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater answers. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Not yet implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-id-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 always allocates query
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater IDs from a pool.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will collect
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater statistical data on all zones (unless specifically turned
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater on a per-zone basis by specifying <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics no</strong></span>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement).
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater These statistics may be accessed
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>, which will
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater dump them to the file listed
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater in the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span>. See
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater also <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If you need to disable IXFR to a particular server or
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the information on the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Usage”</a>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#incremental_zone_transfers" title="Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)">the section called “Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)”</a>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater See the description of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> in
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Usage”</a>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater See the description of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> in
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Usage”</a>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">treat-cr-as-space</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the server treat carriage return ("<span><strong class="command">\r</strong></span>") characters the same way
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater as a space or tab character,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater to facilitate loading of zone files on a UNIX system that
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater were generated
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater on an NT or DOS machine. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, both UNIX "<span><strong class="command">\n</strong></span>"
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater and NT/DOS "<span><strong class="command">\r\n</strong></span>" newlines
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater are always accepted,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater and the option is ignored.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-auth</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options control the behavior of an authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering queries which have additional data, or when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein following CNAME
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and DNAME chains.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When both of these options are set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (the default) and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query is being answered from authoritative data (a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configured into the server), the additional data section of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reply will be filled in using data from other authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and from the cache. In some situations this is undesirable,
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater as when there is concern over the correctness of the cache,
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater in servers where slave zones may be added and modified by
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater untrusted third parties. Also, avoiding
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater the search for this additional data will speed up server
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater at the possible expense of additional queries to resolve
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater otherwise be provided in the additional section.
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User For example, if a query asks for an MX record for host <code class="literal">foo.example.com</code>,
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User and the record found is "<code class="literal">MX 10 mail.example.net</code>", normally the address
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User records (A and AAAA) for <code class="literal">mail.example.net</code> will be provided as well,
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User if known, even though they are not in the example.com zone.
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User Setting these options to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User disables this behavior and makes
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User the server only search for additional data in the zone it
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User answers from.
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User These options are intended for use in authoritative-only
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User servers, or in authoritative-only views. Attempts to set
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User them to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> without also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> will cause the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews ignore the options and log a warning message.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Specifying <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span> actually
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews disables the use of the cache not only for additional data
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews but also when looking up the answer. This is usually the
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater behavior in an authoritative-only server where the
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater correctness of
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater the cached data is an issue.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater When a name server is non-recursively queried for a name
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews below the apex of any served zone, it normally answers with
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews "upwards referral" to the root servers or the servers of
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater known parent of the query name. Since the data in an
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater upwards referral
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater comes from the cache, the server will not be able to provide
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater referrals when <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span>
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater has been specified. Instead, it will respond to such
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater with REFUSED. This should not cause any problems since
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater upwards referrals are not required for the resolution
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">match-mapped-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews IPv4-mapped IPv6 address will match any address match
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews list entries that match the corresponding IPv4 address.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater Enabling this option is sometimes useful on IPv6-enabled
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews systems, to work around a kernel quirk that causes IPv4
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews TCP connections such as zone transfers to be accepted
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews on an IPv6 socket using mapped addresses, causing
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews address match lists designed for IPv4 to fail to match.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The use of this option for any other purpose is discouraged.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and the server loads a new version of a master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone from its zone file or receives a new version of a slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file by a non-incremental zone transfer, it will compare
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the new version to the previous one and calculate a set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of differences. The differences are then logged in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone's journal file such that the changes can be transmitted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to downstream slaves as an incremental zone transfer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By allowing incremental zone transfers to be used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-dynamic zones, this option saves bandwidth at the
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews expense of increased CPU and memory consumption at the
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews In particular, if the new version of a zone is completely
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews different from the previous one, the set of differences
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be of a size comparable to the combined size of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein old and new zone version, and the server will need to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein temporarily allocate memory to hold this complete
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein difference set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also accepts <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> at the view and options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein levels which causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> to apply to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> or
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater addresses refer to different machines. If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, named will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the serial number on the master is less than what named
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enable DNSSEC support in named. Unless set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews named behaves as if it does not support DNSSEC.
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span></span></dt>
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews Enable DNSSEC validation in named.
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews Note <span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> to be effective.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Accept expired signatures when verifying DNSSEC signatures.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater Specify whether query logging should be started when named
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> is not specified,
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater then the query logging
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater is determined by the presence of the logging category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater This option is used to restrict the character set and syntax
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater from the network. The default varies according to usage
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones the default
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater For answers received from the network (<span><strong class="command">response</strong></span>)
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater the default is <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The rules for legal hostnames and mail domains are derived
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater from RFC 952 and RFC 821 as modified by RFC 1123.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater applies to the owner names of A, AAA and MX records.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater It also applies to the domain names in the RDATA of NS, SOA
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater and MX records.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater It also applies to the RDATA of PTR records where the owner
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater name indicated that it is a reverse lookup of a hostname
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater (the owner name ends in IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA or IP6.INT).
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Check whether the MX record appears to refer to a IP address.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>. Other possible
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater values are <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span> and
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to check for non-terminal wildcards.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The use of non-terminal wildcards is almost always as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein result of a failure
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein affects master zones. The default (<span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>) is to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for non-terminal wildcards and issue a warning.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Perform post load zone integrity checks on master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones. This checks that MX and SRV records refer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to address (A or AAAA) records and that glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address records exist for delegated zones. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX and SRV records only in-zone hostnames are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked (for out-of-zone hostnames use named-checkzone).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For NS records only names below top of zone are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked (for out-of-zone names and glue consistancy
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checks use named-checkzone). The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail, warn or ignore MX records that refer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-srv-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail, warn or ignore SRV records that refer
285254345ce5ab270848f8c11f7be146793f1e00Mark Andrews to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater When performing integrity checks, also check that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sibling glue exists. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When returning authoritative negative responses to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SOA queries set the TTL of the SOA recored returned in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the authority section to zero.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater When caching a negative response to a SOA query
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater set the TTL to zero.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater When regenerating the RRSIGs following a UPDATE
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater request to a secure zone, check the KSK flag on
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater the DNSKEY RR to determine if this key should be
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater used to generate the RRSIG. This flag is ignored
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater if there are not DNSKEY RRs both with and without
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Try to refresh the zone using TCP if UDP queries fail.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<a name="id2580574"></a>Forwarding</h4></div></div></div>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name servers. It can also be used to allow queries by servers that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein do not have direct access to the Internet, but wish to look up
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews names anyway. Forwarding occurs only on those queries for which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server is not authoritative and does not have the answer in
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is only meaningful if the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarders list is not empty. A value of <code class="varname">first</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default, causes the server to query the forwarders
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User first — and
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User if that doesn't answer the question, the server will then
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User the answer itself. If <code class="varname">only</code> is
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User specified, the
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User server will only query the forwarders.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Specifies the IP addresses to be used
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User for forwarding. The default is the empty list (no
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Forwarding can also be configured on a per-domain basis, allowing
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User for the global forwarding options to be overridden in a variety
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User of ways. You can set particular domains to use different
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User or have a different <span><strong class="command">forward only/first</strong></span> behavior,
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User or not forward at all, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Statement Grammar”</a>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<a name="id2580701"></a>Dual-stack Servers</h4></div></div></div>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater problems in reachability due the lack of support for either IPv4
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater on the host machine.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater Specifies host names or addresses of machines with access to
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater both IPv4 and IPv6 transports. If a hostname is used, the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater server must be able
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater to resolve the name using only the transport it has. If the
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater machine is dual
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater stacked, then the <span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span> have no effect unless
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater access to a transport has been disabled on the command line
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater (e.g. <span><strong class="command">named -4</strong></span>).
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater<a name="access_control"></a>Access Control</h4></div></div></div>
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater Access to the server can be restricted based on the IP address
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater of the requesting system. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a> for
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater details on how to specify IP address lists.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater notify this server, a slave, of zone changes in addition
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater to the zone masters.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> may also be
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater specified in the
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement, in which case
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater it overrides the
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">options allow-notify</strong></span>
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater statement. It is only meaningful
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater for a slave zone. If not specified, the default is to
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater process notify messages
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater only from a zone's master.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to ask ordinary
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater DNS questions. <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> may
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater statement, in which case it overrides the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">options allow-query</strong></span> statement.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is to allow queries
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater from all hosts.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is now
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater used to specify access to the cache.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to get answers
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater from the cache. The default is the builtin acls
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span> and
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater The way to set query access to the cache is now
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater via <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater This differs from earlier versions which used
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to make recursive
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater queries through this server. If not specified,
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater the default is to allow recursive queries from
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater the builtin acls <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span> and
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater Note that disallowing recursive queries for a
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater host does not prevent the host from retrieving
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater data that is already in the server's cache.
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater submit Dynamic DNS updates for master zones. The default is
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater updates from all hosts. Note that allowing updates based
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater on the requestor's IP address is insecure; see
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a> for details.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater submit Dynamic DNS updates to slave zones to be forwarded to
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater master. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong>,
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater means that no update forwarding will be performed. To
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater update forwarding, specify
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>allow-update-forwarding { any; };</code></strong>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Specifying values other than <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong> or
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>{ any; }</code></strong> is usually
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater counterproductive, since
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater the responsibility for update access control should rest
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater master server, not the slaves.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Note that enabling the update forwarding feature on a slave
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater may expose master servers relying on insecure IP address
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater access control to attacks; see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a>
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater for more details.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-v6-synthesis</strong></span></span></dt>
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater This option was introduced for the smooth transition from
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater to A6 and from "nibble labels" to binary labels.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater However, since both A6 and binary labels were then
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater this option was also deprecated.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater It is now ignored with some warning messages.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater receive zone transfers from the server. <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> may
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater statement, in which
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options allow-transfer</strong></span> statement.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is to allow transfers to all
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span></span></dt>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater Specifies a list of addresses that the
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater server will not accept queries from or use to resolve a
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater query. Queries
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater from these addresses will not be responded to. The default
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater<a name="id2581177"></a>Interfaces</h4></div></div></div>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater from may be specified using the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option. <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> takes
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater an optional port, and an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code>.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater The server will listen on all interfaces allowed by the address
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater match list. If a port is not specified, port 53 will be used.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statements are
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">listen-on { 5.6.7.8; };
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User will enable the name server on port 53 for the IP address
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User 5.6.7.8, and on port 1234 of an address on the machine in net
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User 1.2 that is not 1.2.3.4.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> is specified, the
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User server will listen on port 53 on all interfaces.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is used to
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User specify the interfaces and the ports on which the server will
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User for incoming queries sent using IPv6.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User as the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> for the
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User the server does not bind a separate socket to each IPv6 interface
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User address as it does for IPv4 if the operating system has enough API
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User support for IPv6 (specifically if it conforms to RFC 3493 and RFC
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Instead, it listens on the IPv6 wildcard address.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User If the system only has incomplete API support for IPv6, however,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User the behavior is the same as that for IPv4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of particular IPv6 addresses can also be specified, in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server listens on a separate socket for each specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regardless of whether the desired API is supported by the system.
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> options can
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinlisten-on-v6 port 1234 { !2001:db8::/32; any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will enable the name server on port 53 for any IPv6 addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (with a single wildcard socket),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and on port 1234 of IPv6 addresses that is not in the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 2001:db8::/32 (with separate sockets for each matched address.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To make the server not listen on any IPv6 address, use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { none; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server will not listen on any IPv6 address.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews<a name="query_address"></a>Query Address</h4></div></div></div>
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews If the server doesn't know the answer to a question, it will
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews query other name servers. <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> specifies
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews the address and port used for such queries. For queries sent over
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6, there is a separate <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">address</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> (asterisk) or is omitted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a wildcard IP address (<span><strong class="command">INADDR_ANY</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> or is omitted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a pool of random unprivileged port will be used. See
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-ports</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span> for how the pool
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is configured.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to prevent named
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from selecting certain ports.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The defaults are:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">query-source address * port *;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinquery-source-v6 address * port *;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enable they use of query port pools. By default query port
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pools are enabled unless there is a explicit port defined
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> or
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-ports</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify how many pool ports to use. The default is 8.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify how often, in minutes, that the queryport pool
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be recreated (new ports selected). The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is 15 minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The address specified in the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used for both UDP and TCP queries, but the port applies only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to UDP queries. TCP queries always use a random
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unprivileged port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See also <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_transfers"></a>Zone Transfers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> has mechanisms in place to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein facilitate zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and set limits on the amount of load that transfers place on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system. The following options apply to zone transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Defines a global list of IP addresses of name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are also sent NOTIFY messages whenever a fresh copy of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is loaded, in addition to the servers listed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone's NS records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This helps to ensure that copies of the zones will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein quickly converge on stealth servers. If an <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is given in a <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will override
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">options also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. When a <span><strong class="command">zone notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>, the IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses in the global <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be sent NOTIFY messages for that zone. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list (no global notification list).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (1 hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Slave servers will periodically query master servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to find out if zone serial numbers have changed. Each such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a minute amount of the slave server's network bandwidth. To
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein amount of bandwidth used, BIND 9 limits the rate at which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sent. The value of the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an integer, is the maximum number of queries sent per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 20.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the maximum number of concurrent serial number queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed to be outstanding at any given time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein BIND 9 does not limit the number of outstanding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein serial queries and ignores the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it limits the rate at which the queries are sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as defined using the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers can be sent using two different formats,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the master server to determine which format it sends.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> uses one DNS message per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource record transferred.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs as many resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records as possible into a message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is more efficient, but is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only supported by relatively new slave servers,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein such as <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8.x and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.5 onwards.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> format is also supported by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recent Microsoft Windows nameservers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> may be overridden on a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein speed up the convergence
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of slave zones, but it also may increase the load on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of outbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. Zone transfer requests in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the limit will be refused. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be concurrently transferring from a given remote
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default value is <code class="literal">2</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein speed up the convergence of slave zones, but it also may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the load on the remote name server. <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be overridden on a per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determines which local address will be bound to IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TCP connections used to fetch zones transferred
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inbound by the server. It also determines the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source IPv4 address, and optionally the UDP port,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used for the refresh queries and forwarded dynamic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein updates. If not set, it defaults to a system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controlled value which will usually be the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the interface "closest to" the remote end. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address must appear in the remote end's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> option for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone being transferred, if one is specified. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> for all zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but can be overridden on a per-view or per-zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein basis by including a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> statement within
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> block in the configuration
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The same as <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except zone transfers are performed using IPv6.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you do not wish the alternate transfer source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used, you should set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews appropriately and you should not depend upon
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein getting a answer back to the first refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Use the alternate transfer sources or not. If views are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified this defaults to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise it defaults to
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> (for BIND 8
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compatibility).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determines which local source address, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein optionally UDP port, will be used to send NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages. This address must appear in the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> zone clause or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in an <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> clause. This
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement sets the <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for all zones, but can be overridden on a per-zone or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews per-view basis by including a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> statement within
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Like <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but applies to notify messages sent to IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582145"></a>Bad UDP Port Lists</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> specify a list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of IPv4 and IPv6 UDP ports that will not be used as system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein assigned source ports for UDP sockets. These lists
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prevent named from choosing as its random source port a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein port that is blocked by your firewall. If a query went
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein out with such a source port, the answer would not get by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the firewall and the name server would have to query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582160"></a>Operating System Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server's usage of many system resources can be limited.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Scaled values are allowed when specifying resource limits. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein example, <span><strong class="command">1G</strong></span> can be used instead of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">1073741824</strong></span> to specify a limit of
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews gigabyte. <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> requests
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews unlimited use, or the
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews maximum available amount. <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews uses the limit
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews that was in force when the server was started. See the description
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews of <span><strong class="command">size_spec</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements" title="Configuration File Elements">the section called “Configuration File Elements”</a>.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews The following options set operating system resource limits for
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews the name server process. Some operating systems don't support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any of the limits. On such systems, a warning will be issued if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unsupported limit is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">coresize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum size of a core dump. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">datasize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of data memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is a hard limit on server memory usage.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the server attempts to allocate memory in excess of this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limit, the allocation will fail, which may in turn leave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server unable to perform DNS service. Therefore,
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User this option is rarely useful as a way of limiting the
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User amount of memory used by the server, but it can be used
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User to raise an operating system data size limit that is
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User too small by default. If you wish to limit the amount
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User of memory used by the server, use the
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span> and
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User options instead.
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">files</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of files the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may have open concurrently. The default is <code class="literal">unlimited</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">stacksize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of stack memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582275"></a>Server Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following options set limits on the server's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource consumption that are enforced internally by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server rather than the operating system.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ixfr-log-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete; it is accepted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and ignored for BIND 8 compatibility. The option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> performs a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein similar function in BIND 9.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets a maximum size for each journal file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#journal" title="The journal file">the section called “The journal file”</a>). When the journal file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the specified size, some of the oldest transactions in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be automatically removed. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics-max</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, specifies the maximum number of host statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entries to be kept.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of simultaneous recursive lookups
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server will perform on behalf of clients. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">1000</code>. Because each recursing
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews client uses a fair
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein bit of memory, on the order of 20 kilobytes, the value of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span> option may
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews have to be decreased
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on hosts with limited memory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of simultaneous client TCP
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews connections that the server will accept.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <code class="literal">100</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of memory to use for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's cache, in bytes. When the amount of data in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reaches this limit, the server will cause records to expire
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prematurely so that the limit is not exceeded. In a server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple views, the limit applies separately to the cache of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein view. The default is <code class="literal">unlimited</code>, meaning that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records are purged from the cache only when their TTLs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-listen-queue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The listen queue depth. The default and minimum is 3.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the kernel supports the accept filter "dataready" this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also controls how
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein many TCP connections that will be queued in kernel space
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein some data before being passed to accept. Values less than 3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein silently raised.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582545"></a>Periodic Task Intervals</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will remove expired resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the cache every <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 60 minutes. The maximum value is 28 days
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no periodic cleaning will occur.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will perform zone maintenance tasks
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all zones marked as <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> whenever this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interval expires. The default is 60 minutes. Reasonable
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are up
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to 1 day (1440 minutes). The maximum value is 28 days
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no zone maintenance for these zones will occur.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will scan the network interface list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is 60 minutes. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, interface scanning will only occur when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the configuration file is loaded. After the scan, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begin listening for queries on any newly discovered
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces (provided they are allowed by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> configuration), and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop listening on interfaces that have gone away.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Name server statistics will be logged
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 60. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no statistics will be logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not yet implemented in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="topology"></a>Topology</h4></div></div></div>
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater All other things being equal, when the server chooses a name
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater to query from a list of name servers, it prefers the one that is
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater topologically closest to itself. The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater takes an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater in a special way. Each top-level list element is assigned a
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater Non-negated elements get a distance based on their position in the
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater list, where the closer the match is to the start of the list, the
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater shorter the distance is between it and the server. A negated match
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater will be assigned the maximum distance from the server. If there
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater is no match, the address will get a distance which is further than
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater any non-negated list element, and closer than any negated element.
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater will prefer servers on network 10 the most, followed by hosts
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater on network 1.2.0.0 (netmask 255.255.0.0) and network 3, with the
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater exception of hosts on network 1.2.3 (netmask 255.255.255.0), which
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater is preferred least of all.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The default topology is
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"> topology { localhost; localnets; };
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> option
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater is not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<a name="the_sortlist_statement"></a>The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement</h4></div></div></div>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The response to a DNS query may consist of multiple resource
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater records (RRs) forming a resource records set (RRset).
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The name server will normally return the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater RRs within the RRset in an indeterminate order
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater (but see the <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater statement in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>).
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The client resolver code should rearrange the RRs as appropriate,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater that is, using any addresses on the local net in preference to
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater other addresses.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater However, not all resolvers can do this or are correctly
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater When a client is using a local server, the sorting can be performed
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater in the server, based on the client's address. This only requires
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater configuring the name servers, not all the clients.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement (see below)
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User interprets it even
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User more specifically than the <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span>
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User does (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#topology" title="Topology">the section called “Topology”</a>).
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User Each top level statement in the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> must
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User itself be an explicit <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one or two elements. The first element (which may be an IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an IP prefix, an ACL name or a nested <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>)
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater of each top level list is checked against the source address of
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater the query until a match is found.
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater Once the source address of the query has been matched, if
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater the top level statement contains only one element, the actual
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater element that matched the source address is used to select the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the response to move to the beginning of the response. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is a list of two elements, then the second element is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treated the same as the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement. Each top
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level element
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assigned a distance and the address in the response with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein distance is moved to the beginning of the response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the following example, any queries received from any of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the addresses of the host itself will get responses preferring
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews on any of the locally connected networks. Next most preferred are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the 192.168.1/24 network, and after that either the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 192.168.3/24 network with no preference shown between these two
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater networks. Queries received from a host on the 192.168.1/24 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer other addresses on that network to the 192.168.2/24
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 192.168.3/24 networks. Queries received from a host on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the 192.168.5/24 network will only prefer other addresses on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein their directly connected networks.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater { localhost; // IF the local host
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localnets; // THEN first fit on the
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater { 192.168.2/24; // IF on class C 192.168.2
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews { { 192.168.4/24; 192.168.5/24; }; // if .4 or .5, prefer that net
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater The following example will give reasonable behavior for the
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater local host and hosts on directly connected networks. It is similar
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater to the behavior of the address sort in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.x. Responses sent
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater to queries from the local host will favor any of the directly
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater networks. Responses sent to queries from any other hosts on a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connected network will prefer addresses on that same network.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews to other queries will not be sorted.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater { localhost; localnets; };
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater { localnets; };
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<a name="rrset_ordering"></a>RRset Ordering</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When multiple records are returned in an answer it may be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein useful to configure the order of the records placed into the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement permits
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the ordering of the records in a multiple record response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See also the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span><strong class="command">order_spec</strong></span> is defined as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">class <em class="replaceable"><code>class_name</code></em></span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional">type <em class="replaceable"><code>type_name</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">name <em class="replaceable"><code>"domain_name"</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order <em class="replaceable"><code>ordering</code></em>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If no class is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no type is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no name is specified, the default is "<span><strong class="command">*</strong></span>" (asterisk).
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater The legal values for <span><strong class="command">ordering</strong></span> are:
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">fixed</strong></span></p>
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater Records are returned in the order they
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews are defined in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">random</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in some random order.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Records are returned in a round-robin
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews class IN type A name "host.example.com" order random;
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews order cyclic;
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews will cause any responses for type A records in class IN that
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews have "<code class="literal">host.example.com</code>" as a
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews suffix, to always be returned
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews in random order. All other records are returned in cyclic order.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews If multiple <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statements
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews they are not combined — the last one applies.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement
01b18d4c7c14ccb93708ab7ffdece3ac67b15a7cAutomatic Updater is not yet fully implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews BIND 9 currently does not fully support "fixed" ordering.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<a name="tuning"></a>Tuning</h4></div></div></div>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">lame-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Sets the number of seconds to cache a
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater lame server indication. 0 disables caching. (This is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span class="bold"><strong>NOT</strong></span> recommended.)
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The default is <code class="literal">600</code> (10 minutes) and the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater maximum value is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">1800</code> (30 minutes).
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater To reduce network traffic and increase performance,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the server stores negative answers. <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater used to set a maximum retention time for these answers in
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater in seconds. The default
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is <code class="literal">10800</code> seconds (3 hours).
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> cannot exceed
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater 7 days and will
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater be silently truncated to 7 days if set to a greater value.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Sets the maximum time for which the server will
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater cache ordinary (positive) answers. The default is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater one week (7 days).
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-roots</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The minimum number of root servers that
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater is required for a request for the root servers to be
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater accepted. The default
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater is <strong class="userinput"><code>2</code></strong>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Specifies the number of days into the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater future when DNSSEC signatures automatically generated as a
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater of dynamic updates (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dynamic_update" title="Dynamic Update">the section called “Dynamic Update”</a>)
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater will expire. The default is <code class="literal">30</code> days.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater The maximum value is 10 years (3660 days). The signature
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater inception time is unconditionally set to one hour before the
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater to allow for a limited amount of clock skew.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater These options control the server's behavior on refreshing a
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews (querying for SOA changes) or retrying failed transfers.
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews Usually the SOA values for the zone are used, but these
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews are set by the master, giving slave server administrators
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews control over their contents.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater These options allow the administrator to set a minimum and
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater refresh and retry time either per-zone, per-view, or
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater These options are valid for slave and stub zones,
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater and clamp the SOA refresh and retry times to the specified
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater Sets the advertised EDNS UDP buffer size in bytes. Valid
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this range
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater will be silently adjusted). The default value is
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater 4096. The usual reason for setting edns-udp-size to
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater a non-default value it to get UDP answers to pass
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater through broken firewalls that block fragmented
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater packets and/or block UDP packets that are greater
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater than 512 bytes.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater Sets the maximum EDNS UDP message size named will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein send in bytes. Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this range will be silently adjusted). The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is 4096. The usual reason for setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein max-udp-size to a non-default value is to get UDP
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User answers to pass through broken firewalls that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein block fragmented packets and/or block UDP packets
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are greater than 512 bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the file format of zone files (see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format" title="Additional File Formats">the section called “Additional File Formats”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default value is <code class="constant">text</code>, which is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein standard textual representation. Files in other formats
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than <code class="constant">text</code> are typically expected
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be generated by the <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> tool.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that when a zone file in a different format than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="constant">text</code> is loaded, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may omit some of the checks which would be performed for a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file in the <code class="constant">text</code> format. In particular,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span> checks do not apply
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews for the <code class="constant">raw</code> format. This means
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews a zone file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be generated with the same check level as that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. This statement sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> for all zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but can be overridden on a per-zone or per-view basis
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by including a <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement within the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>These set the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein initial value (minimum) and maximum number of recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein simultanious clients for any given query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<qname,qtype,qclass>) that the server will accept
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before dropping additional clients. named will attempt to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein self tune this value and changes will be logged. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default values are 10 and 100.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This value should reflect how many queries come in for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a given name in the time it takes to resolve that name.
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User If the number of queries exceed this value, named will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein assume that it is dealing with a non-responsive zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and will drop additional queries. If it gets a response
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein after dropping queries, it will raise the estimate. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein estimate will then be lowered in 20 minutes if it has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein remained unchanged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then there is no limit on the number of clients per query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and no queries will be dropped.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then there is no upper bound other than imposed by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="builtin"></a>Built-in server information zones</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server provides some helpful diagnostic information
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through a number of built-in zones under the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pseudo-top-level-domain <code class="literal">bind</code> in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> class. These zones are part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built-in view (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar" title="view Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>) of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> which is separate from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default view of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class <span><strong class="command">IN</strong></span>; therefore, any global
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein such as <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> do not apply
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the these zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you feel the need to disable these zones, use the options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below, or hide the built-in <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defining an explicit view of class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that matches all clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">version</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The version the server should report
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein via a query of the name <code class="literal">version.bind</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews The default is the real version number of this server.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews Specifying <span><strong class="command">version none</strong></span>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews disables processing of the queries.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">hostname</strong></span></span></dt>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews The hostname the server should report via a query of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name <code class="filename">hostname.bind</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This defaults to the hostname of the machine hosting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name server as
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews found by the gethostname() function. The primary purpose of such queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">hostname none;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews The ID of the server should report via a query of
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews the name <code class="filename">ID.SERVER</code>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews The primary purpose of such queries is to
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id none;</strong></span>
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User disables processing of the queries.
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id hostname;</strong></span> will cause named to
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User use the hostname as found by the gethostname() function.
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User The default <span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<a name="empty"></a>Built-in Empty Zones</h4></div></div></div>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews Named has some built-in empty zones (SOA and NS records only).
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews These are for zones that should normally be answered locally
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews and which queries should not be sent to the Internet's root
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews servers. The offical servers which cover these namespaces
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews return NXDOMAIN responses to these queries. In particular,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews these cover the reverse namespace for addresses from RFC 1918 and
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews RFC 3330. They also include the reverse namespace for IPv6 local
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews address (locally assigned), IPv6 link local addresses, the IPv6
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews loopback address and the IPv6 unknown addresss.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Named will attempt to determine if a built in zone already exists
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews or is active (covered by a forward-only forwarding declaration)
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews and will not not create a empty zone in that case.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews The current list of empty zones is:
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews<li>0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews<li>1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Empty zones are settable at the view level and only apply to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein views of class IN. Disabled empty zones are only inherited
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from options if there are no disabled empty zones specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at the view level. To override the options list of disabled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones, you can disable the root zone at the view level, for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disable-empty-zone ".";
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you are using the address ranges covered here, you should
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein already have reverse zones covering the addresses you use.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In practice this appears to not be the case with many queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein being made to the infrustructure servers for names in these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein spaces. So many in fact that sacrificial servers were needed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be deployed to channel the query load away from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein infrustructure servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The real parent servers for these zones should disable all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein empty zone under the parent zone they serve. For the real
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein root servers, this is all built in empty zones. This will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enable them to return referrals to deeper in the tree.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-server</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify what server name will appear in the returned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone's name will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-contact</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify what contact name will appear in the returned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "." will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-zones-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enable or disable all empty zones. By default they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are enabled.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-empty-zone</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disable individual empty zones. By default none are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disabled. This option can be specified multiple times.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="statsfile"></a>The Statistics File</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The statistics file generated by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is similar, but not identical, to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generated by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The statistics dump begins with a line, like:
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">+++ Statistics Dump +++ (973798949)</strong></span>
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater The number in parentheses is a standard
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater Unix-style timestamp, measured as seconds since January 1, 1970.
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater that line are a series of lines containing a counter type, the
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User counter, optionally a zone name, and optionally a view name.
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User The lines without view and zone listed are global statistics for
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater the entire server.
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater Lines with a zone and view name for the given view and zone (the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein omitted for the default view).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The statistics dump ends with the line where the
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User number is identical to the number in the beginning line; for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">--- Statistics Dump --- (973798949)</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following statistics counters are maintained:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">success</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein successful queries made to the server or zone. A
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein successful query
24e79a68e1b16324e17364fcd8959379ff6e20e9Mark Andrews is defined as query which returns a NOERROR response
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with at least
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one answer RR.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">referral</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of queries which resulted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in referral responses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">nxrrset</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of queries which resulted in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NOERROR responses with no data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">nxdomain</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of queries which resulted in NXDOMAIN responses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">failure</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of queries which resulted in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein failure response other than those above.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of queries which caused the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to perform recursion in order to find the final answer.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Each query received by the server will cause exactly one of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">success</strong></span>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">referral</strong></span>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nxrrset</strong></span>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nxdomain</strong></span>, or
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">failure</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to be incremented, and may additionally cause the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span> counter to be
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="acache"></a>Additional Section Caching</h4></div></div></div>
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews The additional section cache, also called <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is an internal cache to improve the response performance of BIND 9.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater When additional section caching is enabled, BIND 9 will
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater cache an internal short-cut to the additional section content for
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater each answer RR.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note that <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is an internal caching
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater mechanism of BIND 9, and is not related to the DNS caching
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater server function.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Additional section caching does not change the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater response content (except the RRsets ordering of the additional
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater section, see below), but can improve the response performance
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater significantly.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater It is particularly effective when BIND 9 acts as an authoritative
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater server for a zone that has many delegations with many glue RRs.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater In order to obtain the maximum performance improvement
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater from additional section caching, setting
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> is recommended, since the current
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater implementation of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater does not short-cut of additional section information from the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater DNS cache data.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater One obvious disadvantage of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater that it requires much more
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater memory for the internal cached data.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Thus, if the response performance does not matter and memory
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater consumption is much more critical, the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> mechanism can be
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater disabled by setting <span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span> to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater It is also possible to specify the upper limit of memory
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater for acache by using <span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Additional section caching also has a minor effect on the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater RRset ordering in the additional section.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Without <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span> order is effective for the additional
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater section as well as the answer and authority sections.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater However, additional section caching fixes the ordering when it
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater first caches an RRset for the additional section, and the same
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater ordering will be kept in succeeding responses, regardless of the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater setting of <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The effect of this should be minor, however, since an
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater RRset in the additional section
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater typically only contains a small number of RRs (and in many cases
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater it only contains a single RR), in which case the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater ordering does not matter much.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The following is a summary of options related to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, additional section caching is
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews enabled. The default value is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews The server will remove stale cache entries, based on an LRU
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews algorithm, every <span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The default is 60 minutes.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews If set to 0, no periodic cleaning will occur.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews The maximum amount of memory in bytes to use for the server's acache.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews When the amount of data in the acache reaches this limit,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will clean more aggressively so that the limit is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separately to the
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews acache of each view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <code class="literal">unlimited</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein meaning that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entries are purged from the acache only at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein periodic cleaning time.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<a name="server_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">server <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr[/prefixlen]</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> bogus <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em> ; ]</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> keys <em class="replaceable"><code>{ string ; [<span class="optional"> string ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>] }</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yse_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="server_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement defines
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater characteristics
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater to be associated with a remote name server. If a prefix length is
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater specified, then a range of servers is covered. Only the most
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater server clause applies regardless of the order in
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement can occur at
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater the top level of the
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement contains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one or more <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements, only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the view and any top-level ones are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a view contains no <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any top-level <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you discover that a remote server is giving out bad data,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein marking it as bogus will prevent further queries to it. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value of <span><strong class="command">bogus</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server, acting as master, will respond with an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone transfer when the given remote server, a slave, requests it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, incremental transfer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be provided
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whenever possible. If set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the remote server will be non-incremental. If not set, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global options block is used as a default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server, acting as a slave, will request incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers from the given remote server, a master. If not set, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value of the <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> option in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global options block is used as a default.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater IXFR requests to servers that do not support IXFR will
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater fall back to AXFR. Therefore, there is no need to manually list
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater which servers support IXFR and which ones do not; the global
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater of <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> should always work.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater The purpose of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> and
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clauses is
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater to make it possible to disable the use of IXFR even when both
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater and slave claim to support it, for example if one of the servers
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater is buggy and crashes or corrupts data when IXFR is used.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">edns</strong></span> clause determines whether
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater the local server will attempt to use EDNS when communicating
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater with the remote server. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the EDNS UDP size
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that is advertised by named when querying the remote server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein silently adjusted). This option is useful when you wish to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein advertises a different value to this server than the value you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein advertise globally, for example, when there is a firewall at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein remote site that is blocking large replies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum EDNS UDP message size named will send. Valid
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be silently adjusted). This option is useful when you
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews know that there is a firewall that is blocking large
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews replies from named.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The server supports two zone transfer methods. The first, <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein uses one DNS message per resource record transferred. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews as many resource records as possible into a message. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews more efficient, but is only known to be understood by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews 8.x, and patched versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews 4.9.5. You can specify which method
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews to use for a server with the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> is not
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews specified, the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews by the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement will be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used to limit the number of concurrent inbound zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers from the specified server. If no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> clause is specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limit is set according to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause identifies a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used for transaction security (TSIG, <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when talking to the remote server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a request is sent to the remote server, a request signature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be generated using the key specified here and appended to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein message. A request originating from the remote server is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be signed by this key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Although the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allows for multiple keys, only a single key per server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the IPv4 and IPv6 source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to be used for zone transfer with the remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For an IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server, only
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For more details, see the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages sent to remote servers, respectively. For an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for queries
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews sent to remote servers, respectively. For an IPv4
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews remote server, only <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> can
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews only <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<a name="id2585268"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2585317"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement defines
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews DNSSEC security roots. DNSSEC is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#DNSSEC" title="DNSSEC">the section called “DNSSEC”</a>. A security root is defined when the
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews public key for a non-authoritative zone is known, but
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews cannot be securely obtained through DNS, either because
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews it is the DNS root zone or because its parent zone is
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews unsigned. Once a key has been configured as a trusted
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews key, it is treated as if it had been validated and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews proven secure. The resolver attempts DNSSEC validation
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater on all DNS data in subdomains of a security root.
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews All keys (and corresponding zones) listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> are deemed to exist regardless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of what parent zones say. Similarly for all keys listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> only those keys are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to validate the DNSKEY RRset. The parent's DS RRset
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will not be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement can contain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple key entries, each consisting of the key's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain name, flags, protocol, algorithm, and the Base-64
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein representation of the key data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="view_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">view <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews match-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-destinations { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_option</code></em>; ...</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_statement</code></em>; ...</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2585465"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement is a powerful
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 that lets a name server
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews answer a DNS query differently
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews depending on who is asking. It is particularly useful for
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews implementing
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews split DNS setups without having to run multiple servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement defines a view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS namespace that will be seen by a subset of clients. A client
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a view if its source IP address matches the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the view's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> clause and its
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein destination IP address matches
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span> clause. If not
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater specified, both
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater default to matching all addresses. In addition to checking IP
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater can also take <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> which provide an
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater mechanism for the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater client to select the view. A view can also be specified
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater as <span><strong class="command">match-recursive-only</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means that only recursive
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater requests from matching clients will match that view.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The order of the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater significant —
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater a client request will be resolved in the context of the first
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> that it matches.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Zones defined within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater statement will
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater be only be accessible to clients that match the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater By defining a zone of the same name in multiple views, different
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater zone data can be given to different clients, for example,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and "external" clients in a split DNS setup.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Many of the options given in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater can also be used within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater statement, and then
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater apply only when resolving queries with that view. When no
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater value is given, the value in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater is used as a default. Also, zone options can have default values
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement; these
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater view-specific defaults
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater take precedence over those in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Views are class specific. If no class is given, class IN
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User is assumed. Note that all non-IN views must contain a hint zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein since only the IN class has compiled-in default hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If there are no <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file, a default view that matches any client is automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in class IN. Any <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level of the configuration file are considered to be part
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews this default view, and the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the default view. If any explicit <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements are present, all <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein occur inside <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Here is an example of a typical split DNS setup implemented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // This should match our internal networks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { 10.0.0.0/8; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide recursive service to internal clients only.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide a complete view of the example.com zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // including addresses of internal hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinview "external" {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Match all clients not matched by the previous view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Refuse recursive service to external clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion no;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide a restricted view of the example.com zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // containing only publicly accessible hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-policy { <em class="replaceable"><code>update_policy_rule</code></em> [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox Userzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; // Not Implemented. </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type forward;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type delegation-only;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2586842"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2586850"></a>Zone Types</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server has a master copy of the data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the zone and will be able to provide authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A slave zone is a replica of a master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone. The <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies one or more IP addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of master servers that the slave contacts to update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein its copy of the zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Masters list elements can also be names of other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein masters lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By default, transfers are made from port 53 on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers; this can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be changed for all servers by specifying a port number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of IP addresses, or on a per-server basis after
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the IP address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Authentication to the master can also be done with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-server TSIG keys.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce If a file is specified, then the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce replica will be written to this file whenever the zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and reloaded from this file on a server restart. Use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of a file is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recommended, since it often speeds server startup and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a needless waste of bandwidth. Note that for large
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein numbers (in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein tens or hundreds of thousands) of zones per server, it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use a two-level naming scheme for zone file names. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a slave server for the zone <code class="literal">example.com</code> might place
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone contents into a file called
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">ex/example.com</code> where <code class="filename">ex/</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein just the first two letters of the zone name. (Most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operating systems
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behave very slowly if you put 100 000 files into
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews a single directory.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A stub zone is similar to a slave zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except that it replicates only the NS records of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein master zone instead
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the entire zone. Stub zones are not a standard part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein they are a feature specific to the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> implementation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stub zones can be used to eliminate the need for glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a parent zone at the expense of maintaining a stub
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone entry and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a set of name server addresses in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This usage is not recommended for new configurations,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports it only in a limited way.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4/8, zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers of a parent zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein included the NS records from stub children of that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone. This meant
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that, in some cases, users could get away with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuring child stubs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only in the master server for the parent zone. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9 never mixes together zone data from different zones
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein way. Therefore, if a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 master serving a parent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone has child stub zones configured, all the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parent zone also need to have the same child stub
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stub zones can also be used as a way of forcing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of a given domain to use a particular set of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, the caching name servers on a private
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC1918 addressing may be configured with stub zones
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to use a set of internal name servers as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers for that domain.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A "forward zone" is a way to configure
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarding on a per-domain basis. A <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> can
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater contain a <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater and/or <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater which will apply to queries within the domain given by
4e243fdc6b33a6371208b48d64912d8e327b4f5cAndreas Gustafsson name. If no <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater statement is present or
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater an empty list for <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span> is given, then no
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater forwarding will be done for the domain, canceling the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater any forwarders in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement. Thus
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater if you want to use this type of zone to change the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater behavior of the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce global <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> option
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater (that is, "forward first"
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater to, then "forward only", or vice versa, but want to
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce servers as set globally) you need to re-specify the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater global forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The initial set of root name servers is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified using a "hint zone". When the server starts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the root hints to find a root name server and get the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce list of root name servers. If no hint zone is
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce specified for class
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce IN, the server uses a compiled-in default set of root
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Classes other than IN have no built-in defaults hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is used to enforce the delegation-only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein status of infrastructure zones (e.g. COM, NET, ORG).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Any answer that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is received without an explicit or implicit delegation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the authority
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein section will be treated as NXDOMAIN. This does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the zone
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews apex. This should not be applied to leaf zones.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="varname">delegation-only</code> has no
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews effect on answers received
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2587337"></a>Class</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The zone's name may optionally be followed by a class. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a class is not specified, class <code class="literal">IN</code> (for <code class="varname">Internet</code>),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assumed. This is correct for the vast majority of cases.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="literal">hesiod</code> class is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein named for an information service from MIT's Project Athena. It
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to share information about various systems databases, such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as users, groups, printers and so on. The keyword
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a synonym for hesiod.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Another MIT development is CHAOSnet, a LAN protocol created
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the mid-1970s. Zone data for it can be specified with the <code class="literal">CHAOS</code> class.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2587370"></a>Zone Options</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a "Simple Secure Update" policy. See
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only meaningful if <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein active for this zone. The set of machines that will
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater <code class="literal">DNS NOTIFY</code> message
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater for this zone is made up of all the listed name servers
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater the primary master) for the zone plus any IP addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>. A port
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with each <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater address to send the notify
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater messages to a port other than the default of 53.
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> is not
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater meaningful for stub zones.
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater The default is the empty list.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to restrict the character set and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein received from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network. The default varies according to zone type. For <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>. For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span>
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater zones the default is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater See the description of
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater See the description of
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews See the description of
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater See the description of
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the type of database to be used for storing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone data. The string following the <span><strong class="command">database</strong></span> keyword
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is interpreted as a list of whitespace-delimited words.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The first word
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identifies the database type, and any subsequent words are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as arguments to the database to be interpreted in a way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the database type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>"rbt"</code></strong>, BIND 9's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein native in-memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein red-black-tree database. This database does not take
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Other values are possible if additional database drivers
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater have been linked into the server. Some sample drivers are
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater with the distribution but none are linked in by default.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The flag only applies to hint and stub zones. If set
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the zone will also be
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater treated as if it
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater is also a delegation-only type zone.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Only meaningful if the zone has a forwarders
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater list. The <span><strong class="command">only</strong></span> value causes
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater the lookup to fail
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater after trying the forwarders and getting no answer, while <span><strong class="command">first</strong></span> would
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater allow a normal lookup to be tried.
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Used to override the list of global forwarders.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater If it is not specified in a zone of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>,
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater no forwarding is done for the zone and the global options are
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater specify the name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the transaction log (journal) file for dynamic update
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater and constructs the name of the journal
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater file by appending "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>"
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater to the name of the
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-tmp-file</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Was an undocumented option in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Ignored in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">journal</strong></span></span></dt>
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater Allow the default journal's file name to be overridden.
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater The default is the zone's file with "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>" appended.
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater This is applicable to <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones.
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pubkey</strong></span></span></dt>
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option was
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater intended for specifying
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater a public zone key for verification of signatures in DNSSEC
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater zones when they are loaded from disk. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 does not verify signatures
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater on load and ignores the option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will keep
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater information for this zone, which can be dumped to the
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> defined in
87ff79ee66e85519d7f75195a5345e5f5e09c895Automatic Updater the server options.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater See the description of
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater See the description of
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater See the description of
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater See the description of
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater See the description of
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews See the description of
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
f7b2875691497b292eacb60609be23a813d14e63Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater See the description of
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews See the description of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater See the description in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews See the description of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews See the description of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Usage”</a>.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User See the description of <span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span> in
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews See the description of <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater<a name="dynamic_update_policies"></a>Dynamic Update Policies</h4></div></div></div>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews<p><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 supports two alternative
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews methods of granting clients the right to perform
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews dynamic updates to a zone, configured by the
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> and
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> option, respectively.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> clause works the
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews same way as in previous versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews It grants given clients the permission to update any
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews record of any name in the zone.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> clause is new
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 and allows more fine-grained
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews control over what updates are allowed. A set of rules
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews is specified, where each rule either grants or denies
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews permissions for one or more names to be updated by
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews one or more identities. If the dynamic update request
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews message is signed (that is, it includes either a TSIG
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews or SIG(0) record), the identity of the signer can be
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews Rules are specified in the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews zone option, and are only meaningful for master zones.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews When the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews is present, it is a configuration error for the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> statement to be
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews present. The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews only examines the signer of a message; the source
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews address is not relevant.
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews This is how a rule definition looks:
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater( <span><strong class="command">grant</strong></span> | <span><strong class="command">deny</strong></span> ) <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>types</code></em> </span>]
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater Each rule grants or denies privileges. Once a message has
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater successfully matched a rule, the operation is immediately
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User or denied and no further rules are examined. A rule is matched
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User when the signer matches the identity field, the name matches the
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User name field in accordance with the nametype field, and the type
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User the types specified in the type field.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The identity field specifies a name or a wildcard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name. Normally, this is the name of the TSIG or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SIG(0) key used to sign the update request. When a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TKEY exchange has been used to create a shared secret,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the identity of the shared secret is the same as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identity of the key used to authenticate the TKEY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exchange. TKEY is also the negotiation method used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by GSS-TSIG, which establishes an identity that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the Kerberos principal of the client, such as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>"user@host.domain"</code></strong>. When the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a wildcard name, it is subject to DNS wildcard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expansion, so the rule will apply to multiple identities.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field must
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User contain a fully qualified domain name.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> field has 6
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <code class="varname">name</code>, <code class="varname">subdomain</code>,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <code class="varname">wildcard</code>, <code class="varname">self</code>,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <code class="varname">selfsub</code>, and <code class="varname">selfwild</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Exact-match semantics. This rule matches
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the name being updated is identical
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the contents of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule matches when the name being updated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a subdomain of, or identical to, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contents of the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is subject to DNS wildcard expansion, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this rule matches when the name being updated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name is a valid expansion of the wildcard.
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater This rule matches when the name being updated
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews matches the contents of the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews is ignored, but should be the same as the
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The <code class="varname">self</code> nametype is
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews most useful when allowing using one key per
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews name to update, where the key has the same
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews name as the name to be updated. The
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> would
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater be specified as <code class="constant">*</code> (an asterisk) in
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater except that subdomains of <code class="varname">self</code>
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater can also be updated.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User except that only subdomains of
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <code class="varname">self</code> can be updated.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User In all cases, the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User specify a fully qualified domain name.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User If no types are explicitly specified, this rule matches all
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User RRSIG, NS, SOA, and NSEC. Types may be specified by name, including
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User "ANY" (ANY matches all types except NSEC, which can never be
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Note that when an attempt is made to delete all records
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User associated with a
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User name, the rules are checked for each existing record type.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<a name="id2589057"></a>Zone File</h2></div></div></div>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<a name="types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them"></a>Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</h3></div></div></div>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User This section, largely borrowed from RFC 1034, describes the
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User concept of a Resource Record (RR) and explains when each is used.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Since the publication of RFC 1034, several new RRs have been
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User and implemented in the DNS. These are also included.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<a name="id2589075"></a>Resource Records</h4></div></div></div>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User A domain name identifies a node. Each node has a set of
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User resource information, which may be empty. The set of resource
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User information associated with a particular name is composed of
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User separate RRs. The order of RRs in a set is not significant and
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User need not be preserved by name servers, resolvers, or other
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User parts of the DNS. However, sorting of multiple RRs is
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User permitted for optimization purposes, for example, to specify
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User that a particular nearby server be tried first. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a> and <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User The components of a Resource Record are:
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The domain name where the RR is found.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews An encoded 16-bit value that specifies
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews the type of the resource record.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The time-to-live of the RR. This field
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews is a 32-bit integer in units of seconds, and is
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews primarily used by
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews resolvers when they cache RRs. The TTL describes how
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews be cached before it should be discarded.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews An encoded 16-bit value that identifies
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews a protocol family or instance of a protocol.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The resource data. The format of the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews data is type (and sometimes class) specific.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The following are <span class="emphasis"><em>types</em></span> of valid RRs:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A host address. In the IN class, this is a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews 32-bit IP address. Described in RFC 1035.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews IPv6 address. Described in RFC 1886.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews IPv6 address. This can be a partial
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (a suffix) and an indirection to the name
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews where the rest of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (the prefix) can be found. Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2874.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Location of AFS database servers.
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Address prefix list. Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 3123.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Holds a digital certificate.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2538.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Identifies the canonical name of an alias.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Described in RFC 1035.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Replaces the domain name specified with
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater another name to be looked up, effectively aliasing an
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater subtree of the domain name space rather than a single
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater as in the case of the CNAME RR.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Described in RFC 2672.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Stores a public key associated with a signed
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
e31a258ca6ef845faf483fa8f04921e8841d3213Tinderbox User Stores the hash of a public key associated with a
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater signed DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Specifies the global position. Superseded by LOC.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Identifies the CPU and OS used by a host.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Described in RFC 1035.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Representation of ISDN addresses.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Stores a public key associated with a
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater DNS name. Used in original DNSSEC; replaced
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater by DNSKEY in DNSSECbis, but still used with
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater SIG(0). Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Identifies a key exchanger for this
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater DNS name. Described in RFC 2230.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater For storing GPS info. Described in RFC 1876.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Identifies a mail exchange for the domain with
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater a 16-bit preference value (lower is better)
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater followed by the host name of the mail exchange.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Described in RFC 974, RFC 1035.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Name authority pointer. Described in RFC 2915.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater A network service access point.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Described in RFC 1706.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The authoritative name server for the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User domain. Described in RFC 1035.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User existing name.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Described in RFC 4034.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Used in DNSSEC to securely indicate that
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater existing name.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Used in original DNSSEC; replaced by NSEC in
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Described in RFC 2535.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User A pointer to another part of the domain
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater name space. Described in RFC 1035.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Provides mappings between RFC 822 and X.400
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater addresses. Described in RFC 2163.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Information on persons responsible
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User for the domain. Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Contains DNSSECbis signature data. Described
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Route-through binding for hosts that
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater do not have their own direct wide area network
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Contains DNSSEC signature data. Used in
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater original DNSSEC; replaced by RRSIG in
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User DNSSECbis, but still used for SIG(0).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Identifies the start of a zone of authority.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Described in RFC 1035.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Information about well known network
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User services (replaces WKS). Described in RFC 2782.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Text records. Described in RFC 1035.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater Information about which well known
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater network services, such as SMTP, that a domain
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater supports. Historical.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Representation of X.25 network addresses.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The following <span class="emphasis"><em>classes</em></span> of resource records
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater are currently valid in the DNS:
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The Internet.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User CHAOSnet, a LAN protocol created at MIT in the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Rarely used for its historical purpose, but reused for
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User built-in server information zones, e.g.,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Hesiod, an information service
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User developed by MIT's Project Athena. It is used to share
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User about various systems databases, such as users,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User groups, printers
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The owner name is often implicit, rather than forming an
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User part of the RR. For example, many name servers internally form
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User or hash structures for the name space, and chain RRs off nodes.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The remaining RR parts are the fixed header (type, class, TTL)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User which is consistent for all RRs, and a variable part (RDATA)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User fits the needs of the resource being described.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The meaning of the TTL field is a time limit on how long an
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User RR can be kept in a cache. This limit does not apply to
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User authoritative
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User data in zones; it is also timed out, but by the refreshing
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User for the zone. The TTL is assigned by the administrator for the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User zone where the data originates. While short TTLs can be used to
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User minimize caching, and a zero TTL prohibits caching, the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User of Internet performance suggest that these times should be on
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User order of days for the typical host. If a change can be
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the TTL can be reduced prior to the change to minimize
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User inconsistency
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User during the change, and then increased back to its former value
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The data in the RDATA section of RRs is carried as a combination
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User of binary strings and domain names. The domain names are
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User used as "pointers" to other data in the DNS.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<a name="id2590489"></a>Textual expression of RRs</h4></div></div></div>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User RRs are represented in binary form in the packets of the DNS
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User protocol, and are usually represented in highly encoded form
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User stored in a name server or resolver. In the examples provided
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User RFC 1034, a style similar to that used in master files was
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User in order to show the contents of RRs. In this format, most RRs
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User are shown on a single line, although continuation lines are
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User using parentheses.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The start of the line gives the owner of the RR. If a line
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User begins with a blank, then the owner is assumed to be the same as
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User that of the previous RR. Blank lines are often included for
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Following the owner, we list the TTL, type, and class of the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User RR. Class and type use the mnemonics defined above, and TTL is
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User an integer before the type field. In order to avoid ambiguity
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User parsing, type and class mnemonics are disjoint, TTLs are
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User and the type mnemonic is always last. The IN class and TTL
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User are often omitted from examples in the interests of clarity.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The resource data or RDATA section of the RR are given using
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User knowledge of the typical representation for the data.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User For example, we might show the RRs carried in a message as:
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <code class="literal">10 VENERA.ISI.EDU.</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The MX RRs have an RDATA section which consists of a 16-bit
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews number followed by a domain name. The address RRs use a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP address format to contain a 32-bit internet address.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User The above example shows six RRs, with two RRs at each of three
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User domain names.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Similarly we might see:
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This example shows two addresses for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">XX.LCS.MIT.EDU</code>, each of a different class.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2591010"></a>Discussion of MX Records</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As described above, domain servers store information as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein series of resource records, each of which contains a particular
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein piece of information about a given domain name (which is usually,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but not always, a host). The simplest way to think of a RR is as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a typed pair of data, a domain name matched with a relevant datum,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and stored with some additional type information to help systems
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determine when the RR is relevant.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX records are used to control delivery of email. The data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the record is a priority and a domain name. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls the order in which email delivery is attempted, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lowest number first. If two priorities are the same, a server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein chosen randomly. If no servers at a given priority are responding,
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater the mail transport agent will fall back to the next largest
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater Priority numbers do not have any absolute meaning — they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only respective to other MX records for that domain name. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name given is the machine to which the mail will be delivered.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It <span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> have an associated address record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (A or AAAA) — CNAME is not sufficient.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a given domain, if there is both a CNAME record and an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX record, the MX record is in error, and will be ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the mail will be delivered to the server specified in the MX
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointed to by the CNAME.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <code class="literal">mail2.example.com.</code>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Mail delivery will be attempted to <code class="literal">mail.example.com</code> and
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <code class="literal">mail2.example.com</code> (in
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater any order), and if neither of those succeed, delivery to <code class="literal">mail.backup.org</code> will
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<a name="Setting_TTLs"></a>Setting TTLs</h3></div></div></div>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The time-to-live of the RR field is a 32-bit integer represented
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater in units of seconds, and is primarily used by resolvers when they
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater cache RRs. The TTL describes how long a RR can be cached before it
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater should be discarded. The following three types of TTL are
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater used in a zone file.
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User The last field in the SOA is the negative
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User caching TTL. This controls how long other servers will
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User cache no-such-domain
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User (NXDOMAIN) responses from you.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User The maximum time for
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User negative caching is 3 hours (3h).
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User The $TTL directive at the top of the
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User zone file (before the SOA) gives a default TTL for every
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater a specific TTL set.
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User Each RR can have a TTL as the second
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field in the RR, which will control how long other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers can cache
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews All of these TTLs default to units of seconds, though units
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews can be explicitly specified, for example, <code class="literal">1h30m</code>.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews<a name="id2591629"></a>Inverse Mapping in IPv4</h3></div></div></div>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Reverse name resolution (that is, translation from IP address
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews to name) is achieved by means of the <span class="emphasis"><em>in-addr.arpa</em></span> domain
dcb551033f0b33eb5c113169750a61084d8250a1Mark Andrews and PTR records. Entries in the in-addr.arpa domain are made in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein least-to-most significant order, read left to right. This is the
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews opposite order to the way IP addresses are usually written. Thus,
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews a machine with an IP address of 10.1.2.3 would have a
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews corresponding
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater 3.2.1.10.in-addr.arpa. This name should have a PTR resource record
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater whose data field is the name of the machine or, optionally,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein PTR records if the machine has more than one name. For example,
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater in the [<span class="optional">example.com</span>] domain:
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="literal">2.1.10.in-addr.arpa</code>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="literal">IN PTR foo.example.com.</code>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> lines in the examples
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater are for providing context to the examples only-they do not
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater appear in the actual usage. They are only used here to indicate
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater that the example is relative to the listed origin.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<a name="id2591825"></a>Other Zone File Directives</h3></div></div></div>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The Master File Format was initially defined in RFC 1035 and
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater has subsequently been extended. While the Master File Format
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater is class independent all records in a Master File must be of the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Master File Directives include <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater and <span><strong class="command">$TTL.</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<a name="id2591847"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>domain-name</code></em>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater sets the domain name that will be appended to any
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater unqualified records. When a zone is first read in there
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater is an implicit <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <<code class="varname">zone-name</code>><span><strong class="command">.</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended to
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the domain specified in the <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater argument if it is not absolute.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic UpdaterWWW CNAME MAIN-SERVER
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater is equivalent to
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic UpdaterWWW.EXAMPLE.COM. CNAME MAIN-SERVER.EXAMPLE.COM.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<a name="id2591908"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em> </span>]
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Read and process the file <code class="filename">filename</code> as
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater if it were included into the file at this point. If <span><strong class="command">origin</strong></span> is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater specified the file is processed with <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> set
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater to that value, otherwise the current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater The origin and the current domain name
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater revert to the values they had prior to the <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> once
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater the file has been read.
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater RFC 1035 specifies that the current origin should be restored
f7b2875691497b292eacb60609be23a813d14e63Automatic Updater an <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>, but it is silent
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater on whether the current
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater domain name should also be restored. BIND 9 restores both of
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater This could be construed as a deviation from RFC 1035, a
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater feature, or both.
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User<a name="id2592045"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>default-ttl</code></em>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Set the default Time To Live (TTL) for subsequent records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with undefined TTLs. Valid TTLs are of the range 0-2147483647
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is defined in RFC 2308.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2592082"></a><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>range</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used to create a series of resource records that only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein differ from each other by an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein iterator. <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> can be used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein easily generate the sets of records required to support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sub /24 reverse delegations described in RFC 2317:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN 0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-2 0 NS SERVER$.EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 $ CNAME $.0</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA NS SERVER1.EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein1.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 1.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein2.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 2.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein127.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 127.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">range</strong></span></p>
d01e14dc0bfc700a8d72e9676fc8aa66c237151fAutomatic Updater This can be one of two forms: start-stop
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or start-stop/step. If the first form is used, then step
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1. All of start, stop and step must be positive.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein describes the owner name of the resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be created. Any single <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (dollar sign)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein symbols within the <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> side
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are replaced by the iterator value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To get a $ in the output you need to escape the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> using a backslash
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">\</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein e.g. <span><strong class="command">\$</strong></span>. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> may optionally be followed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by modifiers which change the offset from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein iterator, field width and base.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Modifiers are introduced by a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">{</strong></span> immediately following the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">${offset[,width[,base]]}</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, <span><strong class="command">${-20,3,d}</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein subtracts 20 from the current value, prints the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein result as a decimal in a zero-padded field of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Available output forms are decimal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">d</strong></span>), octal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">o</strong></span>) and hexadecimal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">x</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">X</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for uppercase). The default modifier is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">${0,0,d}</strong></span>. If the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> is not absolute, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the name.
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson For compatibility with earlier versions, <span><strong class="command">$$</strong></span> is still
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater recognized as indicating a literal $ in the output.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <p><span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span></p>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Specifies the time-to-live of the generated records. If
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson not specified this will be inherited using the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce normal ttl inheritance rules.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson entered in either order.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span></p>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Specifies the class of the generated records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This must match the zone class if it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">type</strong></span></p>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater At present the only supported types are
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User PTR, CNAME, DNAME, A, AAAA and NS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span></p>
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater A domain name. It is processed
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews similarly to lhs.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> directive is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> extension
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews and not part of the standard zone file format.
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews BIND 8 does not support the optional TTL and CLASS fields.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<a name="zonefile_format"></a>Additional File Formats</h3></div></div></div>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater In addition to the standard textual format, BIND 9
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater supports the ability to read or dump to zone files in
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater other formats. The <code class="constant">raw</code> format is
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews currently available as an additional format. It is a
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews binary format representing BIND 9's internal data
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews structure directly, thereby remarkably improving the
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews loading time.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater For a primary server, a zone file in the
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User <code class="constant">raw</code> format is expected to be
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews generated from a textual zone file by the
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. For a
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews secondary server or for a dynamic zone, it is automatically
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews generated (if this format is specified by the
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> option) when
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> dumps the zone contents after
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews zone transfer or when applying prior updates.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews If a zone file in a binary format needs manual modification,
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews it first must be converted to a textual form by the
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. All
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User necessary modification should go to the text file, which
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater should then be converted to the binary form by the
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command again.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Although the <code class="constant">raw</code> format uses the
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater network byte order and avoids architecture-dependent
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User data alignment so that it is as much portable as
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater possible, it is primarily expected to be used inside
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews the same single system. In order to export a zone
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format or make a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein portable backup of the file, it is recommended to
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User convert the file to the standard textual representation.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html">Prev</a>�</td>
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