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75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<title>Chapter�6.�BIND 9 Configuration Reference</title>
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71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</th></tr>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<a name="Bv9ARM.ch06"></a>Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2573923">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574577"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574835"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575194"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575211"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575235"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575258"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575349"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575475"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577474"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577547"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577611"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577723"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577738"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2587897"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2588052"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2588171"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2588218"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2588269"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2588573"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2590147"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2593017">Zone File</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2595111">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2595795">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2595922">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2596195"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_counters">Statistics Counters</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration is broadly similar
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8; however, there are a few new
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews of configuration, such as views. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews 8 configuration files should work with few alterations in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9, although more complex configurations should be reviewed to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if they can be more efficiently implemented using the new features
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews found in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4 configuration files can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein converted to the new format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the shell script
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">contrib/named-bootconf/named-bootconf.sh</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="configuration_file_elements"></a>Configuration File Elements</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Following is a list of elements used throughout the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file documentation:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name of an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defined by the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>, <code class="varname">key_id</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="varname">acl_name</code> elements, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A named list of one or more <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews with optional <code class="varname">key_id</code> and/or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A <code class="varname">masters_list</code> may include other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a DNS name, for example "<code class="literal">my.test.domain</code>".
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater A list of one or more <code class="varname">domain_name</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One to four integers valued 0 through
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 255 separated by dots (`.'), such as <span><strong class="command">123</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">45.67</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">89.123.45.67</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv4 address with exactly four elements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <code class="varname">dotted_decimal</code> notation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv6 address, such as <span><strong class="command">2001:db8::1234</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews IPv6 scoped addresses that have ambiguity on their
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews scope zones must be disambiguated by an appropriate
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews zone ID with the percent character (`%') as
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews delimiter. It is strongly recommended to use
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews string zone names rather than numeric identifiers,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews in order to be robust against system configuration
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews changes. However, since there is no standard
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews mapping for such names and identifier values,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews currently only interface names as link identifiers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported, assuming one-to-one mapping between
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews interfaces and links. For example, a link-local
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews address <span><strong class="command">fe80::1</strong></span> on the link
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews attached to the interface <span><strong class="command">ne0</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified as <span><strong class="command">fe80::1%ne0</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews Note that on most systems link-local addresses
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews always have the ambiguity, and need to be
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews disambiguated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <code class="varname">ip4_addr</code> or <code class="varname">ip6_addr</code>.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews The <code class="varname">number</code> is limited to 0
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through 65535, with values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below 1024 typically restricted to use by processes running
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews In some cases, an asterisk (`*') character can be used as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein placeholder to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein select a random high-numbered port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IP network specified as an <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by a slash (`/') and then the number of bits in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Trailing zeros in a <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may omitted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, <span><strong class="command">127/8</strong></span> is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">127.0.0.0</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein netmask <span><strong class="command">255.0.0.0</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0/28</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0</strong></span> with netmask <span><strong class="command">255.255.255.240</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews When specifying a prefix involving a IPv6 scoped address
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews the scope may be omitted. In that case the prefix will
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews match packets from any scope.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">domain_name</code> representing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name of a shared key, to be used for transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separated by semicolons and ending with a semicolon.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews A non-negative 32-bit integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (i.e., a number between 0 and 4294967295, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Its acceptable value might further
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be limited by the context in which it is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a pathname, such as <code class="filename">zones/master/my.test.domain</code>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A list of an <code class="varname">ip_port</code> or a port
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A port range is specified in the form of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range</code></strong> followed by
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater two <code class="varname">ip_port</code>s,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, which represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater port numbers from <code class="varname">port_low</code> through
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, inclusive.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_low</code> must not be larger than
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range 1024 65535</code></strong> represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater ports from 1024 through 65535.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater In either case an asterisk (`*') character is not
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater allowed as a valid <code class="varname">ip_port</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A number, the word <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the word <strong class="userinput"><code>default</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <code class="varname">unlimited</code> <code class="varname">size_spec</code> requests unlimited
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use, or the maximum available amount. A <code class="varname">default size_spec</code> uses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the limit that was in force when the server was started.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">number</code> can optionally be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews followed by a scaling factor:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>K</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>k</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for kilobytes,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>M</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>m</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for megabytes, and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>G</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>g</code></strong> for gigabytes,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which scale by 1024, 1024*1024, and 1024*1024*1024
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The value must be representable as a 64-bit unsigned integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (0 to 18446744073709551615, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Using <code class="varname">unlimited</code> is the best
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to safely set a really large number.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Either <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The words <strong class="userinput"><code>true</code></strong> and <strong class="userinput"><code>false</code></strong> are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also accepted, as are the numbers <strong class="userinput"><code>1</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <strong class="userinput"><code>0</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One of <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in a zone, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>, and <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are restricted to slave and stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="address_match_lists"></a>Address Match Lists</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<a name="id2573689"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><code class="varname">address_match_list</code> = address_match_list_element ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address_match_list_element; ... </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<code class="varname">address_match_list_element</code> = [<span class="optional"> ! </span>] (ip_address [<span class="optional">/length</span>] |
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce key key_id | acl_name | { address_match_list } )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<a name="id2573717"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control for various server operations. They are also used in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews statements. The elements which constitute an address match
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews list can be any of the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a key ID, as defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>the name of an address match list defined with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>a nested address match list enclosed in braces</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Elements can be negated with a leading exclamation mark (`!'),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the match list names "any", "none", "localhost", and
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews "localnets" are predefined. More information on those names
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews can be found in the description of the acl statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The addition of the key clause made the name of this syntactic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element something of a misnomer, since security keys can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to validate access without regard to a host or network address.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Nonetheless, the term "address match list" is still used
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews throughout the documentation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a given IP address or prefix is compared to an address
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews match list, the comparison takes place in approximately O(1)
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews time. However, key comparisons require that the list of keys
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be traversed until a matching key is found, and therefore may
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be somewhat slower.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater used for access control, defining <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> ports, or in a
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>, and whether the element was negated.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews When used as an access control list, a non-negated match
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews allows access and a negated match denies access. If
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews there is no match, access is denied. The clauses
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>, and
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span> all use address match
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater lists. Similarly, the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option will cause the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews server to refuse queries on any of the machine's
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews addresses which do not match the list.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Order of insertion is significant. If more than one element
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews in an ACL is found to match a given IP address or prefix,
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews preference will be given to the one that came
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> in the ACL definition.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Because of this first-match behavior, an element that
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews defines a subset of another element in the list should
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews come before the broader element, regardless of whether
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews either is negated. For example, in
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">1.2.3/24; ! 1.2.3.13;</strong></span>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews the 1.2.3.13 element is completely useless because the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews algorithm will match any lookup for 1.2.3.13 to the 1.2.3/24
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews element. Using <span><strong class="command">! 1.2.3.13; 1.2.3/24</strong></span> fixes
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews that problem by having 1.2.3.13 blocked by the negation, but
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews all other 1.2.3.* hosts fall through.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<a name="id2573923"></a>Comment Syntax</h3></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 comment syntax allows for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comments to appear
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews anywhere that whitespace may appear in a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. To appeal to programmers of all kinds, they can be written
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<a name="id2574006"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">/* This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C */</pre>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">// This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C++</pre>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"># This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in common UNIX shells
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater# and perl</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<a name="id2574036"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Comments may appear anywhere that whitespace may appear in
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments start with the two characters /* (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein star) and end with */ (star, slash). Because they are completely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delimited with these characters, they can be used to comment only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a portion of a line or to span multiple lines.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments cannot be nested. For example, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not valid because the entire comment ends with the first */:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">/* This is the start of a comment.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce This is still part of the comment.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce/* This is an incorrect attempt at nesting a comment. */
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce This is no longer in any comment. */
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C++-style comments start with the two characters // (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">// This is the start of a comment. The next line
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce// is a new comment, even though it is logically
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce// part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Shell-style (or perl-style, if you prefer) comments start
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the character <code class="literal">#</code> (number sign)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and continue to the end of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein physical line, as in C++ comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"># This is the start of a comment. The next line
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce# is a new comment, even though it is logically
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce# part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You cannot use the semicolon (`;') character
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to start a comment such as you would in a zone file. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein semicolon indicates the end of a configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Configuration_File_Grammar"></a>Configuration File Grammar</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews A <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration consists of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements and comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statements end with a semicolon. Statements and comments are the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only elements that can appear without enclosing braces. Many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements contain a block of sub-statements, which are also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein terminated with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following statements are supported:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching list, for access control and other uses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares control channels to be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein includes a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies key information for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authentication and authorization using TSIG.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies what the server logs, and where
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log messages are sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configures <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews also act as a light-weight resolver daemon (<span><strong class="command">lwresd</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named masters list for
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater inclusion in stub and slave zone masters clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls global server configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options and sets defaults for other statements.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span></p>
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews sets certain configuration options on
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews a per-server basis.
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares communication channels to get access to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> statistics.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines trusted DNSSEC keys.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span></p>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater lists DNSSEC keys to be kept up to date
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater using RFC 5011 trust anchor maintenance.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statements may only occur once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574577"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> acl-name {
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater address_match_list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="acl"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement assigns a symbolic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name to an address match list. It gets its name from a primary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use of address match lists: Access Control Lists (ACLs).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that an address match list's name must be defined
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> before it can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein elsewhere; no forward references are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following ACLs are built-in:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">any</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches all hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">none</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches no hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of all network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces on the system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches any host on an IPv4 or IPv6 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the system has an interface.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Some systems do not provide a way to determine the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In such a case, <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only matches the local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 addresses, just like <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574835"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> {
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> }
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ unix <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> perm <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> owner <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> group <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="controls_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement declares control
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels to be used by system administrators to control the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews operation of the name server. These control channels are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility to send
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein commands to and retrieve non-DNS results from a name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If you will only use <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> on the local host,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the loopback address (<code class="literal">127.0.0.1</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews or <code class="literal">::1</code>) is recommended for maximum security.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no port is specified, port 953 is used. The asterisk
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The ability to issue commands over the control channel is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein restricted by the <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Connections to the control channel are permitted based on the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>. This is for simple
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews IP address based filtering only; any <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews elements of the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are ignored.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A <span><strong class="command">unix</strong></span> control channel is a UNIX domain
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews socket listening at the specified path in the file system.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Access to the socket is specified by the <span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">owner</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">group</strong></span> clauses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Note on some platforms (SunOS and Solaris) the permissions
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (<span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>) are applied to the parent directory
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews as the permissions on the socket itself are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary authorization mechanism of the command
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel is the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contains a list of <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>s.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> in the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is authorized to execute commands over the control channel.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#rndc">Remote Name Daemon Control application</a> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#admin_tools" title="Administrative Tools">the section called “Administrative Tools”</a>)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for information about configuring keys in <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement is present,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will set up a default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control channel listening on the loopback address 127.0.0.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and its IPv6 counterpart ::1.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In this case, and also when the <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is present but does not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to load the command channel key
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews from the file <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">/etc</code> (or whatever <code class="varname">sysconfdir</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was specified as when <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> was built).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To create a <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file, run
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature was created to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ease the transition of systems from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which did not have digital signatures on its command channel
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews messages and thus did not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews It makes it possible to use an existing <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8
33682c92e96b39c395cdb2c3feb8eb5914e7d5a8Andreas Gustafsson configuration file in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 unchanged,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews and still have <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> work the same way
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span> worked in BIND 8, simply by executing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong> after BIND 9 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only intended to allow the backward-compatible usage of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 configuration files, this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein feature does not
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews have a high degree of configurability. You cannot easily change
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the key name or the size of the secret, so you should make a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> with your own key if you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein wish to change
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein those things. The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also has its
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permissions set such that only the owner of the file (the user that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running as) can access it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein desire greater flexibility in allowing other users to access
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> commands, then you need to create
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> file and make it group
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews readable by a group
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews that contains the users who should have access.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To disable the command channel, use an empty
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">controls { };</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575194"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>;</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575211"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> statement inserts the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified file at the point where the <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is encountered. The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement facilitates the administration of configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by permitting the reading or writing of some things but not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein others. For example, the statement could include private keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are readable only by the name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575235"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em> {
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater algorithm <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews secret <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575258"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement defines a shared
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secret key for use with TSIG (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the command channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement can occur at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. Keys defined in top-level <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements can be used in all views. Keys intended for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be defined at the top level.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>, also known as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name, is a domain name uniquely identifying the key. It can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in a <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement to cause requests sent to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to be signed with this key, or in address match lists to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein verify that incoming requests have been signed with a key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this name, algorithm, and secret.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em> is a string
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that specifies a security/authentication algorithm. Named
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews and <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code> TSIG authentication.
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews Truncated hashes are supported by appending the minimum
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews number of required bits preceded by a dash, e.g.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em> is the secret
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews to be used by the algorithm, and is treated as a base-64
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein encoded string.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575349"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> {
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater [ <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> | <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> ) ]
cf3f55777b86527d5b00bb39d661c5fe6f9625f2Automatic Updater [ <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>size spec</code></em> ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>syslog_facility</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> );
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> (<code class="option">critical</code> | <code class="option">error</code> | <code class="option">warning</code> | <code class="option">notice</code> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">info</code> | <code class="option">debug</code> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em> ] | <code class="option">dynamic</code> ); ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>category_name</code></em> {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; [ <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; ... ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575475"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement configures a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein variety of logging options for the name server. Its <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associates output methods, format options and severity levels with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a name that can then be used with the <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to select how various classes of messages are logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only one <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as many channels and categories as are wanted. If there is no <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the logging configuration will be:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category unmatched { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the logging configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only established when
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews the entire configuration file has been parsed. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, it was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein established as soon as the <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was parsed. When the server is starting up, all logging messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regarding syntax errors in the configuration file go to the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels, or to standard error if the "<code class="option">-g</code>" option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575527"></a>The <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater All log output goes to one or more <span class="emphasis"><em>channels</em></span>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you can make as many of them as you want.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Every channel definition must include a destination clause that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein says whether messages selected for the channel go to a file, to a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein particular syslog facility, to the standard error stream, or are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discarded. It can optionally also limit the message severity level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that will be accepted by the channel (the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span>), and whether to include a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>-generated time stamp, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and/or severity level (the default is not to include any).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein causes all messages sent to the channel to be discarded;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that case, other options for the channel are meaningless.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> destination clause directs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to a disk file. It can include limitations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both on how large the file is allowed to become, and how many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file will be saved each time the file is opened.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you use the <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> log file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will retain that many backup
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein versions of the file by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renaming them when opening. For example, if you choose to keep
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three old versions
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews of the file <code class="filename">lamers.log</code>, then just
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews before it is opened
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code> is renamed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.2</code>, <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code> is renamed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code>, and <code class="filename">lamers.log</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renamed to <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You can say <span><strong class="command">versions unlimited</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the number of versions.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option is associated with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log file,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then renaming is only done when the file being opened exceeds the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated size. No backup versions are kept by default; any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log file is simply appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option for files is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to limit log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein growth. If the file ever exceeds the size, then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop writing to the file unless it has a <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with it. If backup versions are kept, the files are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein described above and a new one begun. If there is no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option, no more data will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be written to the log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein until some out-of-band mechanism removes or truncates the log to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein less than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum size. The default behavior is not to limit the size of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Example usage of the <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> options:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel an_example_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "example.log" versions 3 size 20m;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print-time yes;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce print-category yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the system log. Its argument is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog facility as described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. Known facilities are <span><strong class="command">kern</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">user</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">mail</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">auth</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">lpr</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">news</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">uucp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">cron</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">authpriv</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ftp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local0</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local1</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local2</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local3</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local4</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local5</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local6</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local7</strong></span>, however not all facilities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all operating systems.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> will handle messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this facility is described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. If you have a system which uses a very old version of <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only uses two arguments to the <span><strong class="command">openlog()</strong></span> function,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then this clause is silently ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> clause works like <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>'s
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "priorities", except that they can also be used if you are writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein straight to a file rather than using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages which are not at least of the severity level given will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be selected for the channel; messages of higher severity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you are using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, then the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> priorities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will also determine what eventually passes through. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defining a channel facility and severity as <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only logging <span><strong class="command">daemon.warning</strong></span> via <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause messages of severity <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notice</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be dropped. If the situation were reversed, with <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages of only <span><strong class="command">warning</strong></span> or higher,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then <span><strong class="command">syslogd</strong></span> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print all messages it received from the channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the server's standard error stream. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use when the server is running as a foreground process, for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when debugging a configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server can supply extensive debugging information when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is in debugging mode. If the server's global debug level is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than zero, then debugging mode will be active. The global debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level is set either by starting the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the <code class="option">-d</code> flag followed by a positive integer,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or by running <span><strong class="command">rndc trace</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The global debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be set to zero, and debugging mode turned off, by running <span><strong class="command">rndc
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinnotrace</strong></span>. All debugging messages in the server have a debug
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews level, and higher debug levels give more detailed output. Channels
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that specify a specific debug severity, for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel specific_debug_level {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity debug 3;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will get debugging output of level 3 or less any time the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server is in debugging mode, regardless of the global debugging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level. Channels with <span><strong class="command">dynamic</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's global debug level to determine what messages to print.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> has been turned on,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and time will be logged. <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified for a <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> channel,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but is usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointless since <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> also logs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater time. If <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requested, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category of the message will be logged as well. Finally, if <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on, then the severity level of the message will be logged. The <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in any combination, and will always be printed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order: time, category, severity. Here is an example where all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">28-Feb-2000 15:05:32.863 general: notice: running</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are four predefined channels that are used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>'s default logging as follows.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_category_phrase" title="The category Phrase">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel default_syslog {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // send to syslog's daemon facility
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog daemon;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // only send priority info and higher
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity info;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterchannel default_debug {
7c0ebe385b36d64c2424dd5a3e62d441c08e7037Andreas Gustafsson // write to named.run in the working directory
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson // Note: stderr is used instead of "named.run" if
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // the server is started with the '-f' option.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // log at the server's current debug level
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity dynamic;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Lucechannel default_stderr {
7c0ebe385b36d64c2424dd5a3e62d441c08e7037Andreas Gustafsson // writes to stderr
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // only send priority info and higher
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity info;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Lucechannel null {
7c0ebe385b36d64c2424dd5a3e62d441c08e7037Andreas Gustafsson // toss anything sent to this channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">default_debug</strong></span> channel has the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein property that it only produces output when the server's debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein nonzero. It normally writes to a file called <code class="filename">named.run</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the server's working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For security reasons, when the "<code class="option">-u</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option is used, the <code class="filename">named.run</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is created only after <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changed to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein new UID, and any debug output generated while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein starting up and still running as root is discarded. If you need
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to capture this output, you must run the server with the "<code class="option">-g</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option and redirect standard error to a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once a channel is defined, it cannot be redefined. Thus you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot alter the built-in channels directly, but you can modify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default logging by pointing categories at channels you have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_category_phrase"></a>The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are many categories, so you can send the logs you want
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to see wherever you want, without seeing logs you don't want. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you don't specify a list of channels for a category, then log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that category will be sent to the <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span> category
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instead. If you don't specify a default category, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "default default" is used:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As an example, let's say you want to log security events to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a file, but you also want keep the default logging behavior. You'd
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel my_security_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "my_security_file";
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Lucecategory security {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce my_security_channel;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson default_syslog;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson default_debug;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To discard all messages in a category, specify the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category xfer-out { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeincategory notify { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following are the available categories and brief descriptions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the types of log information they contain. More
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein categories may be added in future <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> releases.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">default</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default category defines the logging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options for those categories where no specific
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">general</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The catch-all. Many things still aren't
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein classified into categories, and they all end up here.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages relating to the databases used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internally by the name server to store zone and cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">config</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Configuration file parsing and processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">resolver</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS resolution, such as the recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lookups performed on behalf of clients by a caching name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-in</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is receiving.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-out</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is sending.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The NOTIFY protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">client</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Processing of client requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">unmatched</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages that <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> was unable to determine the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class of or for which there was no matching <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater A one line summary is also logged to the <span><strong class="command">client</strong></span> category.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default it is sent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">network</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Network operations.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update-security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of update requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify where queries should be logged to.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At startup, specifying the category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span> will also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enable query logging unless <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> option has been
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews The query log entry reports the client's IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address and port number, and the query name,
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews class and type. Next it reports whether the
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews Recursion Desired flag was set (+ if set, -
919c99b7a47dadd4564eb2b48be2f59216d932fcAutomatic Updater if not set), if the query was signed (S),
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews EDNS was in use (E), if TCP was used (T), if
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews DO (DNSSEC Ok) was set (D), or if CD (Checking
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater Disabled) was set (C). After this the
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater destination address the query was sent to is
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#62536: query: www.example.com IN AAAA +SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client ::1#62537: query: www.example.net IN AAAA -SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Information about queries that resulted in some
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">dispatch</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dispatching of incoming packets to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server modules where they are to be processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dnssec</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC and TSIG protocol processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lame-servers</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Lame servers. These are misconfigurations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in remote servers, discovered by BIND 9 when trying to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query those servers during resolution.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Delegation only. Logs queries that have been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forced to NXDOMAIN as the result of a
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater delegation-only zone or a
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span> in a hint
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater or stub zone declaration.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">edns-disabled</strong></span></p>
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews Log queries that have been forced to use plain
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews DNS due to timeouts. This is often due to
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews the remote servers not being RFC 1034 compliant
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews (not always returning FORMERR or similar to
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews EDNS queries and other extensions to the DNS
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews when they are not understood). In other words, this is
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews targeted at servers that fail to respond to
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews DNS queries that they don't understand.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews Note: the log message can also be due to
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews packet loss. Before reporting servers for
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews non-RFC 1034 compliance they should be re-tested
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews to determine the nature of the non-compliance.
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews This testing should prevent or reduce the
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews number of false-positive reports.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews Note: eventually <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will have to stop
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews treating such timeouts as due to RFC 1034 non
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater compliance and start treating it as plain
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews packet loss. Falsely classifying packet
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews loss as due to RFC 1034 non compliance impacts
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews on DNSSEC validation which requires EDNS for
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews the DNSSEC records to be returned.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<a name="id2577022"></a>The <span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span> Category</h4></div></div></div>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span> category is
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater specifically intended for debugging purposes: To identify
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater why and how specific queries result in responses which
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater indicate an error.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Messages of this category are therefore only logged
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater with <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> levels.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At the debug levels of 1 or higher, each response with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rcode of SERVFAIL is logged as follows:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#61502: query failed (SERVFAIL) for www.example.com/IN/AAAA at query.c:3880</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This means an error resulting in SERVFAIL was
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater detected at line 3880 of source file
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Log messages of this level will particularly
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater help identify the cause of SERVFAIL for an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater authoritative server.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 2 or higher, detailed context
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater information of recursive resolutions that resulted in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL is logged.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The log message will look like as follows:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updaterfetch completed at resolver.c:2970 for www.example.com/A
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updaterin 30.000183: timed out/success [domain:example.com,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updaterreferral:2,restart:7,qrysent:8,timeout:5,lame:0,neterr:0,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updaterbadresp:1,adberr:0,findfail:0,valfail:0]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The first part before the colon shows that a recursive
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolution for AAAA records of www.example.com completed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater in 30.000183 seconds and the final result that led to the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL was determined at line 2970 of source file
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The following part shows the detected final result and the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater latest result of DNSSEC validation.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The latter is always success when no validation attempt
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater In this example, this query resulted in SERVFAIL probably
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater because all name servers are down or unreachable, leading
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to a timeout in 30 seconds.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation was probably not attempted.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The last part enclosed in square brackets shows statistics
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater information collected for this particular resolution
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <code class="varname">domain</code> field shows the deepest zone
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater that the resolver reached;
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater it is the zone where the error was finally detected.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The meaning of the other fields is summarized in the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater following table.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">referral</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of referrals the resolver received
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater throughout the resolution process.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In the above example this is 2, which are most
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">restart</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of cycles that the resolver tried
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater remote servers at the <code class="varname">domain</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In each cycle the resolver sends one query
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater (possibly resending it, depending on the response)
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to each known name server of
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">qrysent</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of queries the resolver sent at the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">timeout</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of timeouts since the resolver
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater received the last response.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of lame servers the resolver detected
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater A server is detected to be lame either by an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater invalid response or as a result of lookup in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater BIND9's address database (ADB), where lame
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater servers are cached.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">neterr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of erroneous results that the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver encountered in sending queries
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case is the remote server is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater unreachable and the resolver receives an ICMP
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater unreachable error message.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">badresp</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of unexpected responses (other than
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">lame</code>) to queries sent by the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">adberr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures in finding remote server addresses
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater of the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone in the ADB.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case of this is that the remote
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater server's name does not have any address records.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">findfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of resolving remote server addresses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is a total number of failures throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">valfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of DNSSEC validation.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Validation failures are counted throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process (not limited to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone), but should
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater only happen in <code class="varname">domain</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 3 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 1 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Note that negative responses such as NXDOMAIN are not
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater regarded as errors here.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 4 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 2 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Unlike the above case of level 3, messages are logged for
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater negative responses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is because any unexpected results can be difficult to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater debug in the recursion case.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2577474"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> {
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> listen-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ;
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> view <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> search { <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ndots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2577547"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statement configures the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to also act as a lightweight resolver server. (See
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#lwresd" title="Running a Resolver Daemon">the section called “Running a Resolver Daemon”</a>.) There may be multiple
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statements configuring
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lightweight resolver servers with different properties.
4e243fdc6b33a6371208b48d64912d8e327b4f5cAndreas Gustafsson The <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statement specifies a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses (and ports) that this instance of a lightweight resolver
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should accept requests on. If no port is specified, port 921 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If this statement is omitted, requests will be accepted on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement binds this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instance of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lightweight resolver daemon to a view in the DNS namespace, so that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response will be constructed in the same manner as a normal DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this view. If this statement is omitted, the default view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used, and if there is no default view, an error is triggered.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It provides a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of domains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which are appended to relative names in queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It indicates the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of dots in a relative domain name that should result in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exact match lookup before search path elements are appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2577611"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2577723"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists allow for a common set of masters to be easily used by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple stub and slave zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<a name="id2577738"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> {
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> attach-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> version <em class="replaceable"><code>version_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> hostname <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname_string</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> server-id <em class="replaceable"><code>server_id_string</code></em>; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> named-xfer <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-credential <em class="replaceable"><code>principal</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tkey-domain <em class="replaceable"><code>domainname</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tkey-dhkey <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_tag</code></em>; </span>]
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> cache-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dump-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> bindkeys-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> memstatistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> memstatistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> pid-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> recursing-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> statistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> auth-nxdomain <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> deallocate-on-exit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em>; </span>]
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> fake-iquery <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> fetch-glue <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> flush-zones-on-shutdown <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> has-old-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> host-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> host-statistics-max <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> minimal-responses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multiple-cnames <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> recursion <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> rfc2308-type1 <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-id-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences (<em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <code class="constant">master</code> | <code class="constant">slave</code>); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-validation <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-lookaside ( <em class="replaceable"><code>auto</code></em> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> trust-anchor <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-must-be-secure <em class="replaceable"><code>domain yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-accept-expired <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward ( <em class="replaceable"><code>only</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>first</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dual-stack-servers [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ) ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ... }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names ( <em class="replaceable"><code>master</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>slave</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>response</code></em> )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-srv-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-sibling <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
7326ba2f542b89196323867a1457f596f99e315dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnskey-ksk-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;</span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-v6-synthesis { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> blackhole { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> avoid-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> avoid-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> listen-on [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> listen-on-v6 [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> query-source ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] ) ; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] |
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] ) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tcp-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> reserved-sockets <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> recursive-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> serial-query-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> serial-queries <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tcp-listen-queue <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em>; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfers-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-per-ns <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ;
b3c2030de4cc02b8e881ca4e6f62b385d4b41b0fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> coresize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> datasize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> files <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> stacksize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> heartbeat-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> interface-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> statistics-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> topology { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sortlist { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> rrset-order { <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; ... </span>] </span>] };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> lame-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ncache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-cache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> min-roots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> treat-cr-as-space <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> additional-from-auth <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> additional-from-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> random-device <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-cache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> match-mapped-addresses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> match-mapped-addresses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> disable-aaaa-on-v4-transport ( <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>break-dnssec</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> preferred-glue ( <em class="replaceable"><code>A</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>AAAA</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>NONE</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> root-delegation-only [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> querylog <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> disable-algorithms <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>;
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-acache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> empty-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> empty-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> empty-zones-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> disable-empty-zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-addresses { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-aliases { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater<a name="options"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement sets up global
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater to be used by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>. This statement
66edf659b7e4db8a36edec0beaf507ff3199fc22Automatic Updater may appear only
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater once in a configuration file. If there is no <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater statement, an options block with each option set to its default will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allows multiple views to share a single cache
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Each view has its own cache database by default, but
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews if multiple views have the same operational policy
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for name resolution and caching, those views can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein share a single cache to save memory and possibly
538a83db7509d598da95a93bd7b74ef3112123a4Mark Andrews improve resolution efficiency by using this option.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews may also be specified in <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews statements, in which case it overrides the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews global <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option.
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em> specifies
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the cache to be shared.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater When the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server configures
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater views which are supposed to share a cache, it
0c487f4b6eade1440ea40f5a5ffc9b5fd4c41ed1Mark Andrews creates a cache with the specified name for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein first view of these sharing views.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rest of the views will simply refer to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein already created cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One common configuration to share a cache would be to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allow all views to share a single cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This can be done by specifying
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> as a global
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews option with an arbitrary name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Another possible operation is to allow a subset of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all views to share a cache while the others to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein retain their own caches.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, if there are three views A, B, and C,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater and only A and B should share a cache, specify the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option as a view A (or
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater B)'s option, referring to the other view name:
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view has its own cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view refers to A's cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater attach-cache "A";
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view has its own cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Views that share a cache must have the same policy
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater on configurable parameters that may affect caching.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The current implementation requires the following
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater configurable options be consistent among these
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span>, and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Note that there may be other parameters that may
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater cause confusion if they are inconsistent for
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater different views that share a single cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater For example, if these views define different sets of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater forwarders that can return different answers for the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater same question, sharing the answer does not make
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater sense or could even be harmful.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater It is administrator's responsibility to ensure
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater configuration differences in different views do
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater not cause disruption with a shared cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">directory</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The working directory of the server.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Any non-absolute pathnames in the configuration file will be
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater as relative to this directory. The default location for most
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater output files (e.g. <code class="filename">named.run</code>)
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater is this directory.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If a directory is not specified, the working directory
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater defaults to `<code class="filename">.</code>', the directory from
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater which the server
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater was started. The directory specified should be an absolute
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater When performing dynamic update of secure zones, the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater directory where the public and private DNSSEC key files
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater should be found, if different than the current working
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater directory. (Note that this option has no effect on the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater paths for files containing non-DNSSEC keys such as
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <code class="filename">session.key</code>.)
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete.</em></span> It
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to specify
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the pathname to the <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater program. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, no separate
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span> program is needed;
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater its functionality is built into the name server.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-gssapi-credential</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The security credential with which the server should
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater authenticate keys requested by the GSS-TSIG protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Currently only Kerberos 5 authentication is available
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the credential is a Kerberos principal which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server can acquire through the default system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key file, normally <code class="filename">/etc/krb5.keytab</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Normally this principal is of the form
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "<strong class="userinput"><code>dns/</code></strong><code class="varname">server.domain</code>".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To use GSS-TSIG, <span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must also be set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The domain appended to the names of all shared keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generated with <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. When a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein client requests a <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span> exchange,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it may or may not specify the desired name for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key. If present, the name of the shared key will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be <code class="varname">client specified part</code> +
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>. Otherwise, the
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater name of the shared key will be <code class="varname">random hex
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater digits</code> + <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>.
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater In most cases, the <span><strong class="command">domainname</strong></span>
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater should be the server's domain name, or an otherwise
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater non-existent subdomain like
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater "_tkey.<code class="varname">domainname</code>". If you are
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater using GSS-TSIG, this variable must be defined.
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-dhkey</strong></span></span></dt>
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater The Diffie-Hellman key used by the server
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater to generate shared keys with clients using the Diffie-Hellman
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater of <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. The server must be
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater able to load the
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater public and private keys from files in the working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein most cases, the keyname should be the server's host name.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cache-file</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews This is for testing only. Do not use.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dump-file</strong></span></span></dt>
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server dumps
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater the database to when instructed to do so with
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc dumpdb</strong></span>.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named_dump.db</code>.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The pathname of the file the server writes memory
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews usage statistics to on exit. If not specified,
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews the default is <code class="filename">named.memstats</code>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pid-file</strong></span></span></dt>
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater in. If not specified, the default is
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code>.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater The PID file is used by programs that want to send signals to
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater name server. Specifying <span><strong class="command">pid-file none</strong></span> disables the
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater use of a PID file — no file will be written and any
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater existing one will be removed. Note that <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a keyword, not a filename, and therefore is not enclosed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein double quotes.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursing-file</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The pathname of the file the server dumps
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews the queries that are currently recursing when instructed
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater to do so with <span><strong class="command">rndc recursing</strong></span>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.recursing</code>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The pathname of the file the server appends statistics
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews to when instructed to do so using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.stats</code> in the
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater server's current directory. The format of the file is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">bindkeys-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of a file to override the built-in trusted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys provided by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the discussion of <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for details. If not specified, the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span></span></dt>
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews The pathname of the file into which to write a TSIG
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews session key generated by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> for use by
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span>. If not specified, the
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews default is <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>, and in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein particular the discussion of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong> option for more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information about this feature.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The key name to use for the TSIG session key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is "local-ddns".
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyalg</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The algorithm to use for the TSIG session key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are hmac-sha1, hmac-sha224, hmac-sha256,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hmac-sha384, hmac-sha512 and hmac-md5. If not
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater specified, the default is hmac-sha256.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file into which to write a session TSIG
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key for use by <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span>. (See the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discussion of the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews statement's <strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong> option for more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein details on this feature.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">port</strong></span></span></dt>
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews receiving and sending DNS protocol traffic.
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews The default is 53. This option is mainly intended for server
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews a server using a port other than 53 will not be able to
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews communicate with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the global DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The source of entropy to be used by the server. Entropy is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein primarily needed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for DNSSEC operations, such as TKEY transactions and dynamic
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews update of signed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones. This options specifies the device (or file) from which
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater entropy. If this is a file, operations requiring entropy will
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater file has been exhausted. If not specified, the default value
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater (or equivalent) when present, and none otherwise. The
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span> option takes
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater the initial configuration load at server startup time and
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater is ignored on subsequent reloads.
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">preferred-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater If specified, the listed type (A or AAAA) will be emitted
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater before other glue
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater in the additional section of a query response.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The default is not to prefer any type (NONE).
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<a name="root_delegation_only"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></span>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Turn on enforcement of delegation-only in TLDs
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater (top level domains) and root zones with an optional
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater DS queries are expected to be made to and be answered by
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater delegation only zones. Such queries and responses are
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater treated as an exception to delegation-only processing
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater and are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses provided
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater a CNAME is not discovered at the query name.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater If a delegation only zone server also serves a child
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater zone it is not always possible to determine whether
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater an answer comes from the delegation only zone or the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater child zone. SOA NS and DNSKEY records are apex
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater only records and a matching response that contains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein these records or DS is treated as coming from a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein child zone. RRSIG records are also examined to see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if they are signed by a child zone or not. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authority section is also examined to see if there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is evidence that the answer is from the child zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Answers that are determined to be from a child zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses. Despite
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all these checks there is still a possibility of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein false negatives when a child zone is being served.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Similarly false positives can arise from empty nodes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (no records at the name) in the delegation only zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the query type is not ANY.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note some TLDs are not delegation only (e.g. "DE", "LV",
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "US" and "MUSEUM"). This list is not exhaustive.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein root-delegation-only exclude { "de"; "lv"; "us"; "museum"; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disable the specified DNSSEC algorithms at and below the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements are allowed.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Only the most specific will be applied.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater When set, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> provides the
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater validator with an alternate method to validate DNSKEY
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater records at the top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below a domain specified by the deepest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>, and the normal DNSSEC
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater validation has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater will be appended to the key name and a DLV record will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein looked up to see if it can validate the key. If the DLV
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record validates a DNSKEY (similarly to the way a DS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record does) the DNSKEY RRset is deemed to be trusted.
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, then built-in default
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater values for the DLV domain and trust anchor will be
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater used, along with a built-in key for validation.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater The default DLV key is stored in the file
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">bind.keys</code>, which
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> loads at startup if
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <code class="constant">auto</code>. A copy of that file is
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater installed along with <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, and is
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater current as of the release date. If the DLV key expires, a
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater new copy of <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> can be downloaded
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater from <a href="" target="_top">https://www.isc.org/solutions/dlv</a>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater (To prevent problems if <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> is
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater not found, the current key is also compiled in to
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. Relying on this is not
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater recommended, however, as it requires <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater to be recompiled with a new key when the DLV key expires.)
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater NOTE: Using <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> to store
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater locally-configured keys is possible, but not
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater recommended, as the file will be overwritten whenever
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 is re-installed or upgraded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-must-be-secure</strong></span></span></dt>
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews Specify hierarchies which must be or may not be secure
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (signed and validated). If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will only accept answers if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein they are secure. If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then normal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC validation applies allowing for insecure answers to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be accepted. The specified domain must be under a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> must be active.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<a name="boolean_options"></a>Boolean Options</h4></div></div></div>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the <span><strong class="command">AA</strong></span> bit
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater is always set on NXDOMAIN responses, even if the server is
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater authoritative. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>;
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater a change from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8. If you
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater are using very old DNS software, you
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater may need to set it to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">deallocate-on-exit</strong></span></span></dt>
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater 8 to enable checking
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater for memory leaks on exit. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option and always performs
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics</strong></span></span></dt>
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater Write memory statistics to the file specified by
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span> at exit.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> unless
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater '-m record' is specified on the command line in
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater which case it is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater server treats all zones as if they are doing zone transfers
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater a dial-on-demand dialup link, which can be brought up by
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater originating from this server. This has different effects
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater to zone type and concentrates the zone maintenance so that
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater happens in a short interval, once every <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> and
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater hopefully during the one call. It also suppresses some of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone maintenance traffic. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> option
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater may also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> and
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements,
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater in which case it overrides the global <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If the zone is a master zone, then the server will send out a
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater request to all the slaves (default). This should trigger the
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater number check in the slave (providing it supports NOTIFY)
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater allowing the slave
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater to verify the zone while the connection is active.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater The set of servers to which NOTIFY is sent can be controlled
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater zone is a slave or stub zone, then the server will suppress
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater "zone up to date" (refresh) queries and only perform them
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> expires in
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater addition to sending
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater NOTIFY requests.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater Finer control can be achieved by using
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong> which only sends NOTIFY
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong> which sends NOTIFY
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater suppresses the normal refresh queries, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater which suppresses normal refresh processing and sends refresh
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater when the <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong> which just disables normal
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater normal refresh
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater heart-beat refresh
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater heart-beat notify
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> (default)</p>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span></p>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">refresh</strong></span></p>
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify-passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that normal NOTIFY processing is not affected by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fake-iquery</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enabled simulating the obsolete DNS query type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IQUERY. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 never does
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IQUERY simulation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, <strong class="userinput"><code>fetch-glue yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caused the server to attempt to fetch glue resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein didn't have when constructing the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data section of a response. This is now considered a bad
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and BIND 9 never does it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the nameserver exits due receiving SIGTERM,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein flush or do not flush any pending zone writes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was incorrectly implemented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, and is ignored by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To achieve the intended effect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the two separate options <span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> instead.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, this enables keeping of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statistics for every host that the name server interacts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">maintain-ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determine whether a transaction log was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein kept for Incremental Zone Transfer. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains a transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log whenever possible. If you need to disable outgoing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers, use <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">minimal-responses</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein responses the server will only add records to the authority
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and additional data sections when they are required (e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delegations, negative responses). This may improve the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein performance of the server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multiple-cnames</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a domain name to have multiple CNAME records in violation of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the DNS standards. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.2 onwards
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein always strictly enforces the CNAME rules both in master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein files and dynamic updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> (the default),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS NOTIFY messages are sent when a zone the server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changes, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#notify" title="Notify">the section called “Notify”</a>. The messages are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers listed in the zone's NS records (except the master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server identified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the SOA MNAME field), and to any servers listed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>master-only</code></strong>, notifies are only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for master zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>explicit</code></strong>, notifies are sent only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers explicitly listed using <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, no notifies are sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> option may also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in which case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options notify</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It would only be necessary to turn off this option if it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caused slaves
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> do not check the nameservers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the NS RRset against the SOA MNAME. Normally a NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein message is not sent to the SOA MNAME (SOA ORIGIN) as it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supposed to contain the name of the ultimate master.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sometimes, however, a slave is listed as the SOA MNAME in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hidden master configurations and in that case you would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein want the ultimate master to still send NOTIFY messages to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all the nameservers listed in the NS RRset.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS query requests recursion, then the server will attempt
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all the work required to answer the query. If recursion is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the server does not already know the answer, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referral response. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that setting <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> does not prevent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients from getting data from the server's cache; it only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prevents new data from being cached as an effect of client
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Caching may still occur as an effect the server's internal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation, such as NOTIFY address lookups.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See also <span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span> above.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting this to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause the server to send NS records along with the SOA
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record for negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not yet implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-id-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 always allocates query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IDs from a pool.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will collect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statistical data on all zones (unless specifically turned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on a per-zone basis by specifying <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These statistics may be accessed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>, which will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein dump them to the file listed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span>. See
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you need to disable IXFR to a particular server or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the information on the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#incremental_zone_transfers" title="Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)">the section called “Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">treat-cr-as-space</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews the server treat carriage return ("<span><strong class="command">\r</strong></span>") characters the same way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as a space or tab character,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to facilitate loading of zone files on a UNIX system that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein were generated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on an NT or DOS machine. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, both UNIX "<span><strong class="command">\n</strong></span>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and NT/DOS "<span><strong class="command">\r\n</strong></span>" newlines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are always accepted,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews and the option is ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-auth</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options control the behavior of an authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering queries which have additional data, or when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein following CNAME
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and DNAME chains.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When both of these options are set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (the default) and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query is being answered from authoritative data (a zone
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews configured into the server), the additional data section of
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews reply will be filled in using data from other authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and from the cache. In some situations this is undesirable,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as when there is concern over the correctness of the cache,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in servers where slave zones may be added and modified by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein untrusted third parties. Also, avoiding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the search for this additional data will speed up server
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews at the possible expense of additional queries to resolve
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise be provided in the additional section.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, if a query asks for an MX record for host <code class="literal">foo.example.com</code>,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews and the record found is "<code class="literal">MX 10 mail.example.net</code>", normally the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records (A and AAAA) for <code class="literal">mail.example.net</code> will be provided as well,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews if known, even though they are not in the example.com zone.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Setting these options to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews disables this behavior and makes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server only search for additional data in the zone it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers from.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options are intended for use in authoritative-only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers, or in authoritative-only views. Attempts to set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein them to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> without also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> will cause the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ignore the options and log a warning message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span> actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables the use of the cache not only for additional data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but also when looking up the answer. This is usually the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behavior in an authoritative-only server where the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein correctness of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the cached data is an issue.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a name server is non-recursively queried for a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below the apex of any served zone, it normally answers with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "upwards referral" to the root servers or the servers of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein known parent of the query name. Since the data in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein upwards referral
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comes from the cache, the server will not be able to provide
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews referrals when <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews has been specified. Instead, it will respond to such
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews with REFUSED. This should not cause any problems since
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews upwards referrals are not required for the resolution
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">match-mapped-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4-mapped IPv6 address will match any address match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list entries that match the corresponding IPv4 address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was introduced to work around a kernel quirk
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in some operating systems that causes IPv4 TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connections, such as zone transfers, to be accepted on an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 socket using mapped addresses. This caused address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match lists designed for IPv4 to fail to match. However,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> now solves this problem
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internally. The use of this option is discouraged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is only available when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 is compiled with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>--with-filter-aaaa</code></strong> option on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "configure" command line. It is intended to help the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transition from IPv4 to IPv6 by not giving IPv6 addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to DNS clients unless they have connections to the IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Internet. This is not recommended unless absolutely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein necessary. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the DNS client is at an IPv4 address,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and if the response does not include DNSSEC signatures,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews then all AAAA records are deleted from the response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This filtering applies to all responses and not only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative responses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>break-dnssec</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then AAAA records are deleted even when dnssec is enabled.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As suggested by the name, this makes the response not verify,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews because the DNSSEC protocol is designed detect deletions.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This mechanism can erroneously cause other servers to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not give AAAA records to their clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A recursing server with both IPv6 and IPv4 network connections
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that queries an authoritative server using this mechanism
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein via IPv4 will be denied AAAA records even if its client is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This mechanism is applied to authoritative as well as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-authoritative records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A client using IPv4 that is not allowed recursion can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein erroneously be given AAAA records because the server is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed to check for A records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Some AAAA records are given to IPv4 clients in glue records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 clients that are servers can then erroneously
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answer requests for AAAA records received via IPv4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and the server loads a new version of a master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone from its zone file or receives a new version of a slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file by a non-incremental zone transfer, it will compare
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the new version to the previous one and calculate a set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of differences. The differences are then logged in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone's journal file such that the changes can be transmitted
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews to downstream slaves as an incremental zone transfer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By allowing incremental zone transfers to be used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-dynamic zones, this option saves bandwidth at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expense of increased CPU and memory consumption at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In particular, if the new version of a zone is completely
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews different from the previous one, the set of differences
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be of a size comparable to the combined size of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein old and new zone version, and the server will need to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein temporarily allocate memory to hold this complete
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews difference set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also accepts <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> at the view and options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein levels which causes
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> to be enabled for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is off by default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses refer to different machines. If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the serial number on the master is less than what <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enable DNSSEC support in <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. Unless set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> behaves as if it does not support DNSSEC.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enable DNSSEC validation in <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note <span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> to be effective.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Accept expired signatures when verifying DNSSEC signatures.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting this option to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein leaves <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> vulnerable to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replay attacks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify whether query logging should be started when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> is not specified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then the query logging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is determined by the presence of the logging category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to restrict the character set and syntax
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the network. The default varies according to usage
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For answers received from the network (<span><strong class="command">response</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default is <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rules for legal hostnames and mail domains are derived
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from RFC 952 and RFC 821 as modified by RFC 1123.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein applies to the owner names of A, AAAA and MX records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It also applies to the domain names in the RDATA of NS, SOA,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX, and SRV records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It also applies to the RDATA of PTR records where the owner
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name indicated that it is a reverse lookup of a hostname
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (the owner name ends in IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA, or IP6.INT).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Check whether the MX record appears to refer to a IP address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>. Other possible
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to check for non-terminal wildcards.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The use of non-terminal wildcards is almost always as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein result of a failure
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein affects master zones. The default (<span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>) is to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for non-terminal wildcards and issue a warning.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater Perform post load zone integrity checks on master
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater zones. This checks that MX and SRV records refer
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater to address (A or AAAA) records and that glue
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater address records exist for delegated zones. For
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater MX and SRV records only in-zone hostnames are
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater checked (for out-of-zone hostnames use
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>).
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater For NS records only names below top of zone are
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater checked (for out-of-zone names and glue consistency
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater checks use <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>).
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater fail, warn or ignore MX records that refer
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-srv-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater fail, warn or ignore SRV records that refer
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater When performing integrity checks, also check that
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater sibling glue exists. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater When returning authoritative negative responses to
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater SOA queries set the TTL of the SOA record returned in
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater the authority section to zero.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater When caching a negative response to a SOA query
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater set the TTL to zero.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater When set to the default value of <code class="literal">yes</code>,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater check the KSK bit in each key to determine how the key
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater should be used when generating RRSIGs for a secure zone.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Ordinarily, zone-signing keys (that is, keys without the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater KSK bit set) are used to sign the entire zone, while
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater key-signing keys (keys with the KSK bit set) are only
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater used to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater However, if this option is set to <code class="literal">no</code>,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater then the KSK bit is ignored; KSKs are treated as if they
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater were ZSKs and are used to sign the entire zone. This is
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater similar to the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone -z</strong></span>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater command line option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When this option is set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be at least two active keys for every algorithm
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews represented in the DNSKEY RRset: at least one KSK and one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ZSK per algorithm. If there is any algorithm for which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this requirement is not met, this option will be ignored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for that algorithm.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnskey-ksk-only</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When this option and <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are both set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, only key-signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys (that is, keys with the KSK bit set) will be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex. Zone-signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys (keys without the KSK bit set) will be used to sign
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the remainder of the zone, but not the DNSKEY RRset.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is similar to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone -x</strong></span> command line option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span> is set to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">no</code>, this option is ignored.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Try to refresh the zone using TCP if UDP queries fail.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater For BIND 8 compatibility, the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow a zone to transition from secure to insecure by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein deleting all DNSKEY records. The default is
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582747"></a>Forwarding</h4></div></div></div>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews name servers. It can also be used to allow queries by servers that
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews do not have direct access to the Internet, but wish to look up
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews names anyway. Forwarding occurs only on those queries for which
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater the server is not authoritative and does not have the answer in
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater This option is only meaningful if the
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater forwarders list is not empty. A value of <code class="varname">first</code>,
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater the default, causes the server to query the forwarders
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater first — and
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater if that doesn't answer the question, the server will then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the answer itself. If <code class="varname">only</code> is
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews specified, the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews server will only query the forwarders.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater Specifies the IP addresses to be used
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater for forwarding. The default is the empty list (no
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews forwarding).
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Forwarding can also be configured on a per-domain basis, allowing
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews for the global forwarding options to be overridden in a variety
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of ways. You can set particular domains to use different
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or have a different <span><strong class="command">forward only/first</strong></span> behavior,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or not forward at all, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statement Grammar”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582874"></a>Dual-stack Servers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein problems in reachability due the lack of support for either IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the host machine.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies host names or addresses of machines with access to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both IPv4 and IPv6 transports. If a hostname is used, the
f02216f5b390ff0a589fa080f29350fd7794bf5cMark Andrews server must be able
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater to resolve the name using only the transport it has. If the
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater machine is dual
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews stacked, then the <span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span> have no effect unless
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews access to a transport has been disabled on the command line
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews (e.g. <span><strong class="command">named -4</strong></span>).
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater<a name="access_control"></a>Access Control</h4></div></div></div>
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater Access to the server can be restricted based on the IP address
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater of the requesting system. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a> for
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater details on how to specify IP address lists.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews notify this server, a slave, of zone changes in addition
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to the zone masters.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> may also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement, in which case
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. It is only meaningful
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a slave zone. If not specified, the default is to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein process notify messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only from a zone's master.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to ask ordinary
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews DNS questions. <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> may
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement, in which case it overrides the
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">options allow-query</strong></span> statement.
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is to allow queries
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews from all hosts.
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is now
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews used to specify access to the cache.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Specifies which local addresses can accept ordinary
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews DNS questions. This makes it possible, for instance,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews to allow queries on internal-facing interfaces but
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews disallow them on external-facing ones, without
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews necessarily knowing the internal network's addresses.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> may
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews statement, in which case it overrides the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">options allow-query-on</strong></span> statement.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews If not specified, the default is to allow queries
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews on all addresses.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews used to specify access to the cache.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to get answers
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater from the cache. If <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater is not set then <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater is used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater is used if set unless <span><strong class="command">recursion no;</strong></span> is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater set in which case <span><strong class="command">none;</strong></span> is used,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater otherwise the default (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Specifies which local addresses can give answers
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater from the cache. If not specified, the default is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater to allow cache queries on any address,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span> and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to make recursive
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater queries through this server. If
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span> is not set
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater then <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater is used if set, otherwise the default
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Specifies which local addresses can accept recursive
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater queries. If not specified, the default is to allow
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater recursive queries on all addresses.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater submit Dynamic DNS updates for master zones. The default is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater updates from all hosts. Note that allowing updates based
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater on the requestor's IP address is insecure; see
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a> for details.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater submit Dynamic DNS updates to slave zones to be forwarded to
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater master. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong>,
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater means that no update forwarding will be performed. To
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater update forwarding, specify
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>allow-update-forwarding { any; };</code></strong>.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater Specifying values other than <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong> or
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>{ any; }</code></strong> is usually
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews counterproductive, since
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews the responsibility for update access control should rest
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews master server, not the slaves.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater Note that enabling the update forwarding feature on a slave
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater may expose master servers relying on insecure IP address
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater access control to attacks; see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater for more details.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-v6-synthesis</strong></span></span></dt>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater This option was introduced for the smooth transition from
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater to A6 and from "nibble labels" to binary labels.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater However, since both A6 and binary labels were then
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater this option was also deprecated.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater It is now ignored with some warning messages.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater receive zone transfers from the server. <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> may
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater statement, in which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options allow-transfer</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow transfers to all
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a list of addresses that the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server will not accept queries from or use to resolve a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query. Queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from these addresses will not be responded to. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2583380"></a>Interfaces</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from may be specified using the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option. <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> takes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an optional port and an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code>.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The server will listen on all interfaces allowed by the address
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews match list. If a port is not specified, port 53 will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statements are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on { 5.6.7.8; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will enable the name server on port 53 for the IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 5.6.7.8, and on port 1234 of an address on the machine in net
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1.2 that is not 1.2.3.4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> is specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server will listen on port 53 on all IPv4 interfaces.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the interfaces and the ports on which the server will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for incoming queries sent using IPv6.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server does not bind a separate socket to each IPv6 interface
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address as it does for IPv4 if the operating system has enough API
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein support for IPv6 (specifically if it conforms to RFC 3493 and RFC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it listens on the IPv6 wildcard address.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews If the system only has incomplete API support for IPv6, however,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews the behavior is the same as that for IPv4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of particular IPv6 addresses can also be specified, in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server listens on a separate socket for each specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regardless of whether the desired API is supported by the system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> options can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinlisten-on-v6 port 1234 { !2001:db8::/32; any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will enable the name server on port 53 for any IPv6 addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (with a single wildcard socket),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and on port 1234 of IPv6 addresses that is not in the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 2001:db8::/32 (with separate sockets for each matched address.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To make the server not listen on any IPv6 address, use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { none; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, the server will not listen on any IPv6 address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unless <span><strong class="command">-6</strong></span> is specified when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein invoked. If <span><strong class="command">-6</strong></span> is specified then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will listen on port 53 on all IPv6 interfaces by default.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<a name="query_address"></a>Query Address</h4></div></div></div>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews If the server doesn't know the answer to a question, it will
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews query other name servers. <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> specifies
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews the address and port used for such queries. For queries sent over
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews IPv6, there is a separate <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">address</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> (asterisk) or is omitted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a wildcard IP address (<span><strong class="command">INADDR_ANY</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be used.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> or is omitted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a random port number from a pre-configured
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein range is picked up and will be used for each query.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The port range(s) is that specified in
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews the <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv4)
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews and <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv6)
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews options, excluding the ranges specified in
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews the <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews and <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options, respectively.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews The defaults of the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> options
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">query-source address * port *;
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrewsquery-source-v6 address * port *;
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> or
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> is unspecified,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will check if the operating
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews system provides a programming interface to retrieve the
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews system's default range for ephemeral ports.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews If such an interface is available,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will use the corresponding system
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews default range; otherwise, it will use its own defaults:
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">use-v4-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrewsuse-v6-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews Note: make sure the ranges be sufficiently large for
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews security. A desirable size depends on various parameters,
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews but we generally recommend it contain at least 16384 ports
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews (14 bits of entropy).
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews Note also that the system's default range when used may be
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater too small for this purpose, and that the range may even be
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater changed while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running; the new
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater range will automatically be applied when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews is reloaded.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews It is encouraged to
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews configure <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> explicitly so that the
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews ranges are sufficiently large and are reasonably
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews independent from the ranges used by other applications.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Note: the operational configuration
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews where <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs may prohibit the use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of some ports. For example, UNIX systems will not allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> running without a root privilege
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews to use ports less than 1024.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews If such ports are included in the specified (or detected)
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews set of query ports, the corresponding query attempts will
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews fail, resulting in resolution failures or delay.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews It is therefore important to configure the set of ports
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews that can be safely used in the expected operational environment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The defaults of the <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">avoid-v4-udp-ports {};
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrewsavoid-v6-udp-ports {};
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: BIND 9.5.0 introduced
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option to support a pool of such random ports, but this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option is now obsolete because reusing the same ports in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the pool may not be sufficiently secure.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For the same reason, it is generally strongly discouraged to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify a particular port for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> options;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it implicitly disables the use of randomized port numbers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-ports</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The address specified in the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used for both UDP and TCP queries, but the port applies only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to UDP queries. TCP queries always use a random
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unprivileged port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See also <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_transfers"></a>Zone Transfers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> has mechanisms in place to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein facilitate zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and set limits on the amount of load that transfers place on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system. The following options apply to zone transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Defines a global list of IP addresses of name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are also sent NOTIFY messages whenever a fresh copy of
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater zone is loaded, in addition to the servers listed in the
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater zone's NS records.
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater This helps to ensure that copies of the zones will
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater quickly converge on stealth servers.
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater Optionally, a port may be specified with each
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> address to send
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater the notify messages to a port other than the
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater default of 53.
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater If an <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater is given in a <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement,
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater it will override
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">options also-notify</strong></span>
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater statement. When a <span><strong class="command">zone notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>, the IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses in the global <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be sent NOTIFY messages for that zone. The default is
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater list (no global notification list).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater Inbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce (1 hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
24e79a68e1b16324e17364fcd8959379ff6e20e9Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Slave servers will periodically query master servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to find out if zone serial numbers have changed. Each such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a minute amount of the slave server's network bandwidth. To
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein amount of bandwidth used, BIND 9 limits the rate at which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sent. The value of the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an integer, is the maximum number of queries sent per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 20.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the maximum number of concurrent serial number queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed to be outstanding at any given time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein BIND 9 does not limit the number of outstanding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein serial queries and ignores the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it limits the rate at which the queries are sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as defined using the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers can be sent using two different formats,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> and
3eb9ec750c9088869170dda63e8899b2ba462823Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the master server to determine which format it sends.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> uses one DNS message per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource record transferred.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs as many resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records as possible into a message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is more efficient, but is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only supported by relatively new slave servers,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein such as <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8.x and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.5 onwards.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> format is also supported by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recent Microsoft Windows nameservers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> may be overridden on a
24e79a68e1b16324e17364fcd8959379ff6e20e9Mark Andrews per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span> may
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews speed up the convergence
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of slave zones, but it also may increase the load on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-out</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The maximum number of outbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. Zone transfer requests in
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of the limit will be refused. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater that can be concurrently transferring from a given remote
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The default value is <code class="literal">2</code>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater speed up the convergence of slave zones, but it also may
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the load on the remote name server. <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> may
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater be overridden on a per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> phrase
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determines which local address will be bound to IPv4
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater TCP connections used to fetch zones transferred
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater inbound by the server. It also determines the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater source IPv4 address, and optionally the UDP port,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater used for the refresh queries and forwarded dynamic
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater updates. If not set, it defaults to a system
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater controlled value which will usually be the address
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of the interface "closest to" the remote end. This
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater address must appear in the remote end's
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> option for the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater zone being transferred, if one is specified. This
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater statement sets the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> for all zones,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater but can be overridden on a per-view or per-zone
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater basis by including a
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> statement within
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> or
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> block in the configuration
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater source address for TCP sockets.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The same as <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater except zone transfers are performed using IPv6.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> fails and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If you do not wish the alternate transfer source
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to be used, you should set
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater appropriately and you should not depend upon
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater getting an answer back to the first refresh
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> fails and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Use the alternate transfer sources or not. If views are
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater specified this defaults to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews otherwise it defaults to
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> (for BIND 8
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews compatibility).
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater determines which local source address, and
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews optionally UDP port, will be used to send NOTIFY
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews messages. This address must appear in the slave
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews server's <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> zone clause or
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater in an <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> clause. This
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews statement sets the <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews for all zones, but can be overridden on a per-zone or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-view basis by including a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> statement within
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source address for TCP sockets.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Like <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews but applies to notify messages sent to IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2584583"></a>UDP Port Lists</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify a list of IPv4 and IPv6 UDP ports that will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used or not used as source ports for UDP messages.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#query_address" title="Query Address">the section called “Query Address”</a> about how the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein available ports are determined.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, with the following configuration
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updateruse-v6-udp-ports { range 32768 65535; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinavoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein UDP ports of IPv6 messages sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will be in one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the following ranges: 32768 to 39999, 40001 to 49999,
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater and 60001 to 65535.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> can be used
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater to prevent <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> from choosing as its random source port a
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater port that is blocked by your firewall or a port that is
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater used by other applications;
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater if a query went out with a source port blocked by a
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater answer would not get by the firewall and the name server would
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater have to query again.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Note: the desired range can also be represented only with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">avoid-</strong></span> options are redundant in that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sense; they are provided for backward compatibility and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to possibly simplify the port specification.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2584643"></a>Operating System Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater The server's usage of many system resources can be limited.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Scaled values are allowed when specifying resource limits. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein example, <span><strong class="command">1G</strong></span> can be used instead of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">1073741824</strong></span> to specify a limit of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein gigabyte. <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> requests
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unlimited use, or the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum available amount. <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein uses the limit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that was in force when the server was started. See the description
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <span><strong class="command">size_spec</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements" title="Configuration File Elements">the section called “Configuration File Elements”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following options set operating system resource limits for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name server process. Some operating systems don't support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any of the limits. On such systems, a warning will be issued if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unsupported limit is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">coresize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum size of a core dump. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">datasize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of data memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater This is a hard limit on server memory usage.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater If the server attempts to allocate memory in excess of this
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater limit, the allocation will fail, which may in turn leave
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater the server unable to perform DNS service. Therefore,
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater this option is rarely useful as a way of limiting the
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater amount of memory used by the server, but it can be used
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater to raise an operating system data size limit that is
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater too small by default. If you wish to limit the amount
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater of memory used by the server, use the
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span> and
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater options instead.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">files</strong></span></span></dt>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater The maximum number of files the server
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater may have open concurrently. The default is <code class="literal">unlimited</code>.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">stacksize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of stack memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="server_resource_limits"></a>Server Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following options set limits on the server's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource consumption that are enforced internally by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server rather than the operating system.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ixfr-log-size</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This option is obsolete; it is accepted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and ignored for BIND 8 compatibility. The option
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> performs a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein similar function in BIND 9.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Sets a maximum size for each journal file
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#journal" title="The journal file">the section called “The journal file”</a>). When the journal file
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews the specified size, some of the oldest transactions in the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews will be automatically removed. The default is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This may also be set on a per-zone basis.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics-max</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, specifies the maximum number of host statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entries to be kept.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of simultaneous recursive lookups
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server will perform on behalf of clients. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">1000</code>. Because each recursing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein client uses a fair
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein bit of memory, on the order of 20 kilobytes, the value of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span> option may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have to be decreased
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on hosts with limited memory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of simultaneous client TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connections that the server will accept.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <code class="literal">100</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">reserved-sockets</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of file descriptors reserved for TCP, stdio,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein etc. This needs to be big enough to cover the number of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> listens on, <span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span> as well as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to provide room for outgoing TCP queries and incoming zone
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews transfers. The default is <code class="literal">512</code>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The minimum value is <code class="literal">128</code> and the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews maximum value is <code class="literal">128</code> less than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maxsockets (-S). This option may be removed in the future.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option has little effect on Windows.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of memory to use for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's cache, in bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the amount of data in the cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reaches this limit, the server will cause records to expire
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prematurely based on an LRU based strategy so that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the limit is not exceeded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A value of 0 is special, meaning that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records are purged from the cache only when their
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TTLs expire.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Another special keyword <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews means the maximum value of 32-bit unsigned integers
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews (0xffffffff), which may not have the same effect as
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews 0 on machines that support more than 32 bits of
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews memory space.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Any positive values less than 2MB will be ignored reset
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews separately to the cache of each view.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The default is 0.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-listen-queue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The listen queue depth. The default and minimum is 3.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the kernel supports the accept filter "dataready" this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also controls how
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews many TCP connections that will be queued in kernel space
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein some data before being passed to accept. Values less than 3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein silently raised.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<a name="id2585065"></a>Periodic Task Intervals</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This interval is effectively obsolete. Previously,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the server would remove expired resource records
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews from the cache every <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 now manages cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein memory in a more sophisticated manner and does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rely on the periodic cleaning any more.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying this option therefore has no effect on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server's behavior.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will perform zone maintenance tasks
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all zones marked as <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> whenever this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interval expires. The default is 60 minutes. Reasonable
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are up
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to 1 day (1440 minutes). The maximum value is 28 days
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no zone maintenance for these zones will occur.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The server will scan the network interface list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is 60 minutes. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, interface scanning will only occur when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the configuration file is loaded. After the scan, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begin listening for queries on any newly discovered
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces (provided they are allowed by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> configuration), and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop listening on interfaces that have gone away.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Name server statistics will be logged
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews every <span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews minutes. The default is
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews 60. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews If set to 0, no statistics will be logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not yet implemented in
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<a name="topology"></a>Topology</h4></div></div></div>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater All other things being equal, when the server chooses a name
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to query from a list of name servers, it prefers the one that is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater topologically closest to itself. The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater takes an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interprets it
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater in a special way. Each top-level list element is assigned a
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Non-negated elements get a distance based on their position in the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater list, where the closer the match is to the start of the list, the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater shorter the distance is between it and the server. A negated match
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater will be assigned the maximum distance from the server. If there
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater is no match, the address will get a distance which is further than
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater any non-negated list element, and closer than any negated element.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater will prefer servers on network 10 the most, followed by hosts
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater on network 1.2.0.0 (netmask 255.255.0.0) and network 3, with the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater exception of hosts on network 1.2.3 (netmask 255.255.255.0), which
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater is preferred least of all.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The default topology is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"> topology { localhost; localnets; };
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> option
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater is not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_sortlist_statement"></a>The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The response to a DNS query may consist of multiple resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records (RRs) forming a resource records set (RRset).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name server will normally return the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs within the RRset in an indeterminate order
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews (but see the <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The client resolver code should rearrange the RRs as appropriate,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that is, using any addresses on the local net in preference to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein other addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, not all resolvers can do this or are correctly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a client is using a local server, the sorting can be performed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the server, based on the client's address. This only requires
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuring the name servers, not all the clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement (see below)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interprets it even
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein more specifically than the <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein does (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#topology" title="Topology">the section called “Topology”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each top level statement in the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein itself be an explicit <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one or two elements. The first element (which may be an IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an IP prefix, an ACL name or a nested <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of each top level list is checked against the source address of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the query until a match is found.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once the source address of the query has been matched, if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level statement contains only one element, the actual
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element that matched the source address is used to select the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the response to move to the beginning of the response. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is a list of two elements, then the second element is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treated the same as the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement. Each top
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level element
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assigned a distance and the address in the response with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein distance is moved to the beginning of the response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the following example, any queries received from any of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the addresses of the host itself will get responses preferring
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on any of the locally connected networks. Next most preferred are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the 192.168.1/24 network, and after that either the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 192.168.3/24 network with no preference shown between these two
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein networks. Queries received from a host on the 192.168.1/24 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer other addresses on that network to the 192.168.2/24
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 192.168.3/24 networks. Queries received from a host on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the 192.168.5/24 network will only prefer other addresses on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein their directly connected networks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF the local host
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // THEN first fit on the following nets
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localhost;
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews { localnets;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.1 THEN use .1, or .2 or .3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.2 THEN use .2, or .1 or .3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.3 THEN use .3, or .1 or .2
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF .4 or .5 THEN prefer that net
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following example will give reasonable behavior for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local host and hosts on directly connected networks. It is similar
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the behavior of the address sort in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.x. Responses sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to queries from the local host will favor any of the directly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein networks. Responses sent to queries from any other hosts on a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connected network will prefer addresses on that same network.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to other queries will not be sorted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localhost; localnets; };
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater { localnets; };
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater<a name="rrset_ordering"></a>RRset Ordering</h4></div></div></div>
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater When multiple records are returned in an answer it may be
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater useful to configure the order of the records placed into the
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement permits
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater of the ordering of the records in a multiple record response.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater See also the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement,
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span><strong class="command">order_spec</strong></span> is defined as
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">class <em class="replaceable"><code>class_name</code></em></span>]
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">type <em class="replaceable"><code>type_name</code></em></span>]
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">name <em class="replaceable"><code>"domain_name"</code></em></span>]
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater order <em class="replaceable"><code>ordering</code></em>
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater If no class is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater If no type is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater If no name is specified, the default is "<span><strong class="command">*</strong></span>" (asterisk).
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater The legal values for <span><strong class="command">ordering</strong></span> are:
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">fixed</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in the order they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are defined in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">random</strong></span></p>
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater Records are returned in some random order.
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in a cyclic round-robin order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> is configured with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "--enable-fixed-rrset" option at compile time, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the initial ordering of the RRset will match the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one specified in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class IN type A name "host.example.com" order random;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order cyclic;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will cause any responses for type A records in class IN that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have "<code class="literal">host.example.com</code>" as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein suffix, to always be returned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in random order. All other records are returned in cyclic order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If multiple <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein they are not combined — the last one applies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In this release of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement does not support
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews "fixed" ordering by default. Fixed ordering can be enabled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at compile time by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the "configure" command line.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="tuning"></a>Tuning</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">lame-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the number of seconds to cache a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lame server indication. 0 disables caching. (This is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="bold"><strong>NOT</strong></span> recommended.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <code class="literal">600</code> (10 minutes) and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum value is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To reduce network traffic and increase performance,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server stores negative answers. <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to set a maximum retention time for these answers in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in seconds. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is <code class="literal">10800</code> seconds (3 hours).
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> cannot exceed
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce 7 days and will
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce be silently truncated to 7 days if set to a greater value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum time for which the server will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache ordinary (positive) answers. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one week (7 days).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A value of zero may cause all queries to return
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SERVFAIL, because of lost caches of intermediate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRsets (such as NS and glue AAAA/A records) in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolution process.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-roots</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The minimum number of root servers that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is required for a request for the root servers to be
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews accepted. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>2</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the number of days into the future when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC signatures automatically generated as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein result of dynamic updates (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dynamic_update" title="Dynamic Update">the section called “Dynamic Update”</a>) will expire. There
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is an optional second field which specifies how
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein long before expiry that the signatures will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regenerated. If not specified, the signatures will
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews be regenerated at 1/4 of base interval. The second
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field is specified in days if the base interval is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein greater than 7 days otherwise it is specified in hours.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default base interval is <code class="literal">30</code> days
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein giving a re-signing interval of 7 1/2 days. The maximum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are 10 years (3660 days).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The signature inception time is unconditionally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to one hour before the current time to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a limited amount of clock skew.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be, at least, several multiples of the SOA
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire interval to allow for reasonable interaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein between the various timer and expiry dates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the maximum number of nodes to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein examined in each quantum when signing a zone with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a new DNSKEY. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify a threshold number of signatures that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will terminate processing a quantum when signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone with a new DNSKEY. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify a private RDATA type to be used when generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key signing records. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is expected that this parameter may be removed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a future version once there is a standard type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options control the server's behavior on refreshing a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (querying for SOA changes) or retrying failed transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usually the SOA values for the zone are used, but these
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater are set by the master, giving slave server administrators
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater control over their contents.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater These options allow the administrator to set a minimum and
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater refresh and retry time either per-zone, per-view, or
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater These options are valid for slave and stub zones,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater and clamp the SOA refresh and retry times to the specified
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Sets the advertised EDNS UDP buffer size in bytes
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater to control the size of packets received.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Valid values are 1024 to 4096 (values outside this range
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be silently adjusted). The default value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is 4096. The usual reason for setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will fallback to using 512 bytes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if it get a series of timeout at the initial value. 512
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein bytes is not being offered to encourage sites to fix their
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein firewalls. Small EDNS UDP sizes will result in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein excessive use of TCP.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum EDNS UDP message size
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will send in bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein range will be silently adjusted). The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is 4096. The usual reason for setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is independent of the advertised receive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein buffer (<span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting this to a low value will encourge additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TCP traffic to the nameserver.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the file format of zone files (see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format" title="Additional File Formats">the section called “Additional File Formats”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default value is <code class="constant">text</code>, which is the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews standard textual representation. Files in other formats
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews than <code class="constant">text</code> are typically expected
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be generated by the <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> tool.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that when a zone file in a different format than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="constant">text</code> is loaded, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews may omit some of the checks which would be performed for a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file in the <code class="constant">text</code> format. In particular,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span> checks do not apply
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the <code class="constant">raw</code> format. This means
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be generated with the same check level as that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. This statement sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> for all zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but can be overridden on a per-zone or per-view basis
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by including a <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement within the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="clients-per-query"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>These set the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein initial value (minimum) and maximum number of recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein simultaneous clients for any given query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<qname,qtype,qclass>) that the server will accept
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before dropping additional clients. <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein self tune this value and changes will be logged. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default values are 10 and 100.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This value should reflect how many queries come in for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a given name in the time it takes to resolve that name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the number of queries exceed this value, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein assume that it is dealing with a non-responsive zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and will drop additional queries. If it gets a response
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein after dropping queries, it will raise the estimate. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein estimate will then be lowered in 20 minutes if it has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein remained unchanged.
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt then there is no limit on the number of clients per query
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt and no queries will be dropped.
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater then there is no upper bound other than imposed by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The delay, in seconds, between sending sets of notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages for a zone. The default is zero.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="builtin"></a>Built-in server information zones</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server provides some helpful diagnostic information
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through a number of built-in zones under the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pseudo-top-level-domain <code class="literal">bind</code> in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> class. These zones are part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built-in view (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar" title="view Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>) of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> which is separate from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default view of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class <span><strong class="command">IN</strong></span>; therefore, any global
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein such as <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> do not apply
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the these zones.
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater If you feel the need to disable these zones, use the options
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater below, or hide the built-in <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater defining an explicit view of class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater that matches all clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">version</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The version the server should report
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein via a query of the name <code class="literal">version.bind</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the real version number of this server.
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater Specifying <span><strong class="command">version none</strong></span>
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater disables processing of the queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">hostname</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The hostname the server should report via a query of
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews the name <code class="filename">hostname.bind</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater This defaults to the hostname of the machine hosting the
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater name server as
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater found by the gethostname() function. The primary purpose of such queries
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">hostname none;</strong></span>
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater disables processing of the queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The ID the server should report when receiving a Name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Server Identifier (NSID) query, or a query of the name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">ID.SERVER</code> with type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary purpose of such queries is to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id none;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id hostname;</strong></span> will cause <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use the hostname as found by the gethostname() function.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default <span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>.
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater<a name="empty"></a>Built-in Empty Zones</h4></div></div></div>
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater Named has some built-in empty zones (SOA and NS records only).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These are for zones that should normally be answered locally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and which queries should not be sent to the Internet's root
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers. The official servers which cover these namespaces
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein return NXDOMAIN responses to these queries. In particular,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein these cover the reverse namespace for addresses from RFC 1918 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 3330. They also include the reverse namespace for IPv6 local
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews address (locally assigned), IPv6 link local addresses, the IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loopback address and the IPv6 unknown address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Named will attempt to determine if a built-in zone already exists
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or is active (covered by a forward-only forwarding declaration)
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews and will not create an empty zone in that case.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The current list of empty zones is:
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<li>0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater<li>1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Empty zones are settable at the view level and only apply to
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater views of class IN. Disabled empty zones are only inherited
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater from options if there are no disabled empty zones specified
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater at the view level. To override the options list of disabled
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater zones, you can disable the root zone at the view level, for example:
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater disable-empty-zone ".";
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater If you are using the address ranges covered here, you should
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater already have reverse zones covering the addresses you use.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater In practice this appears to not be the case with many queries
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater being made to the infrastructure servers for names in these
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater spaces. So many in fact that sacrificial servers were needed
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater to be deployed to channel the query load away from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein infrastructure servers.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The real parent servers for these zones should disable all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein empty zone under the parent zone they serve. For the real
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater root servers, this is all built-in empty zones. This will
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater enable them to return referrals to deeper in the tree.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-server</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Specify what server name will appear in the returned
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater the zone's name will be used.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-contact</strong></span></span></dt>
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater Specify what contact name will appear in the returned
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater "." will be used.
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-zones-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater Enable or disable all empty zones. By default, they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-empty-zone</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disable individual empty zones. By default, none are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disabled. This option can be specified multiple times.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="acache"></a>Additional Section Caching</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The additional section cache, also called <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is an internal cache to improve the response performance of BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When additional section caching is enabled, BIND 9 will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache an internal short-cut to the additional section content for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein each answer RR.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is an internal caching
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein mechanism of BIND 9, and is not related to the DNS caching
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server function.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Additional section caching does not change the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response content (except the RRsets ordering of the additional
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater section, see below), but can improve the response performance
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater significantly.
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater It is particularly effective when BIND 9 acts as an authoritative
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater server for a zone that has many delegations with many glue RRs.
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater In order to obtain the maximum performance improvement
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater from additional section caching, setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> is recommended, since the current
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater implementation of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater does not short-cut of additional section information from the
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater DNS cache data.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater One obvious disadvantage of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater that it requires much more
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater memory for the internal cached data.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater Thus, if the response performance does not matter and memory
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater consumption is much more critical, the
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> mechanism can be
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater disabled by setting <span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span> to
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater It is also possible to specify the upper limit of memory
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater for acache by using <span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span>.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater Additional section caching also has a minor effect on the
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater RRset ordering in the additional section.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Without <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span> order is effective for the additional
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater section as well as the answer and authority sections.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater However, additional section caching fixes the ordering when it
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater first caches an RRset for the additional section, and the same
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater ordering will be kept in succeeding responses, regardless of the
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater setting of <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The effect of this should be minor, however, since an
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater RRset in the additional section
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater typically only contains a small number of RRs (and in many cases
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater it only contains a single RR), in which case the
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater ordering does not matter much.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater The following is a summary of options related to
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, additional section caching is
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater enabled. The default value is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The server will remove stale cache entries, based on an LRU
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater algorithm, every <span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater The default is 60 minutes.
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater If set to 0, no periodic cleaning will occur.
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater The maximum amount of memory in bytes to use for the server's acache.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When the amount of data in the acache reaches this limit,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews will clean more aggressively so that the limit is not
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews separately to the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews acache of each view.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default is <code class="literal">16M</code>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2587077"></a>Content Filtering</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides the ability to filter
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater out DNS responses from external DNS servers containing
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater certain types of data in the answer section.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews Specifically, it can reject address (A or AAAA) records if
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater the corresponding IPv4 or IPv6 addresses match the given
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews It can also reject CNAME or DNAME records if the "alias"
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews name (i.e., the CNAME alias or the substituted query name
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater due to DNAME) matches the
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews given <code class="varname">namelist</code> of the
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span> option, where
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews "match" means the alias name is a subdomain of one of
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews the <code class="varname">name_list</code> elements.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews If the optional <code class="varname">namelist</code> is specified
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews with <span><strong class="command">except-from</strong></span>, records whose query name
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews matches the list will be accepted regardless of the filter
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Likewise, if the alias name is a subdomain of the
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews corresponding zone, the <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews filter will not apply;
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews for example, even if "example.com" is specified for
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>,
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">www.example.com. CNAME xxx.example.com.</pre>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews returned by an "example.com" server will be accepted.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews In the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option, only
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews are meaningful;
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews any <code class="varname">key_id</code> will be silently ignored.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater If a response message is rejected due to the filtering,
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater the entire message is discarded without being cached, and
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews a SERVFAIL error will be returned to the client.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater This filtering is intended to prevent "DNS rebinding attacks," in
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater which an attacker, in response to a query for a domain name the
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater attacker controls, returns an IP address within your own network or
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater an alias name within your own domain.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater A naive web browser or script could then serve as an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unintended proxy, allowing the attacker
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to get access to an internal node of your local network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that couldn't be externally accessed otherwise.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the paper available at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1315245.1315298
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for more details about the attacks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, if you own a domain named "example.net" and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein your internal network uses an IPv4 prefix 192.0.2.0/24,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you might specify the following rules:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">deny-answer-addresses { 192.0.2.0/24; } except-from { "example.net"; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeindeny-answer-aliases { "example.net"; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If an external attacker lets a web browser in your local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network look up an IPv4 address of "attacker.example.com",
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the attacker's DNS server would return a response like this:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">attacker.example.com. A 192.0.2.1</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the answer section.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the rdata of this record (the IPv4 address) matches
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the specified prefix 192.0.2.0/24, this response will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein On the other hand, if the browser looks up a legitimate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internal web server "www.example.net" and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein following response is returned to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">www.example.net. A 192.0.2.2</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will be accepted since the owner name "www.example.net"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matches the <span><strong class="command">except-from</strong></span> element,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Note that this is not really an attack on the DNS per se.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In fact, there is nothing wrong for an "external" name to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be mapped to your "internal" IP address or domain name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the DNS point of view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It might actually be provided for a legitimate purpose,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein such as for debugging.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As long as the mapping is provided by the correct owner,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is not possible or does not make sense to detect
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater whether the intent of the mapping is legitimate or not
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater within the DNS.
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater The "rebinding" attack must primarily be protected at the
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater application that uses the DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a large site, however, it may be difficult to protect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all possible applications at once.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This filtering feature is provided only to help such an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operational environment;
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater it is generally discouraged to turn it on unless you are
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews very sure you have no other choice and the attack is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein real threat for your applications.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Care should be particularly taken if you want to use this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option for addresses within 127.0.0.0/8.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These addresses are obviously "internal", but many
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews applications conventionally rely on a DNS mapping from
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews some name to such an address.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Filtering out DNS records containing this address
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews spuriously can break such applications.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<a name="server_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr[/prefixlen]</code></em> {
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> bogus <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> edns <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em> ; ]</span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> keys <em class="replaceable"><code>{ string ; [<span class="optional"> string ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>] }</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> query-source [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]; </span>]
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]; </span>]
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<a name="server_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement defines
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews characteristics
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews to be associated with a remote name server. If a prefix length is
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews specified, then a range of servers is covered. Only the most
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater server clause applies regardless of the order in
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement can occur at
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews the top level of the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews If a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement contains
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews one or more <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements, only
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews apply to the view and any top-level ones are ignored.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews If a view contains no <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews any top-level <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements are
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews If you discover that a remote server is giving out bad data,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews marking it as bogus will prevent further queries to it. The
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews value of <span><strong class="command">bogus</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews the local server, acting as master, will respond with an
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews zone transfer when the given remote server, a slave, requests it.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews If set to <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, incremental transfer
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews will be provided
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews whenever possible. If set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>,
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews all transfers
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews to the remote server will be non-incremental. If not set, the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option in the
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater global options block is used as a default.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews the local server, acting as a slave, will request incremental zone
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews transfers from the given remote server, a master. If not set, the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews value of the <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> option in
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews global options block is used as a default.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews IXFR requests to servers that do not support IXFR will
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews automatically
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews fall back to AXFR. Therefore, there is no need to manually list
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews which servers support IXFR and which ones do not; the global
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews of <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> should always work.
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater The purpose of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> and
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clauses is
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews to make it possible to disable the use of IXFR even when both
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews and slave claim to support it, for example if one of the servers
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater is buggy and crashes or corrupts data when IXFR is used.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">edns</strong></span> clause determines whether
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews the local server will attempt to use EDNS when communicating
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews with the remote server. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the EDNS UDP size
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that is advertised by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> when querying the remote server.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Valid values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews silently adjusted). This option is useful when you wish to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews advertises a different value to this server than the value you
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews advertise globally, for example, when there is a firewall at the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews remote site that is blocking large replies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum EDNS UDP message size <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will send. Valid
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be silently adjusted). This option is useful when you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein know that there is a firewall that is blocking large
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replies from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server supports two zone transfer methods. The first, <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein uses one DNS message per resource record transferred. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews as many resource records as possible into a message. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews more efficient, but is only known to be understood by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews 8.x, and patched versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews 4.9.5. You can specify which method
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to use for a server with the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> is not
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews specified, the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used to limit the number of concurrent inbound zone
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews transfers from the specified server. If no
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> clause is specified, the
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews limit is set according to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> option.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause identifies a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used for transaction security (TSIG, <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews when talking to the remote server.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When a request is sent to the remote server, a request signature
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews will be generated using the key specified here and appended to the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews message. A request originating from the remote server is not
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to be signed by this key.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Although the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews allows for multiple keys, only a single key per server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the IPv4 and IPv6 source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to be used for zone transfer with the remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein respectively.
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews For an IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified.
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server, only
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For more details, see the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages sent to remote servers, respectively. For an
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for queries
276e28f813ffef042d5a6e9f3373ef4e2ad37996Mark Andrews sent to remote servers, respectively. For an IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein remote server, only <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="statschannels"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> {
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [ allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> } ]; ]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="id2587897"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater declares communication channels to be used by system
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater administrators to get access to statistics information of
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the name server.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater This statement intends to be flexible to support multiple
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater communication protocols in the future, but currently only
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater HTTP access is supported.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater It requires that BIND 9 be compiled with libxml2;
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater still accepted even if it is built without the library,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater but any HTTP access will fail with an error.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If no port is specified, port 80 is used for HTTP channels.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The asterisk "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The attempt of opening a statistics channel is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater restricted by the optional <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Connections to the statistics channel are permitted based on the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If no <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause is present,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> accepts connection
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater attempts from any address; since the statistics may
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater contain sensitive internal information, it is highly
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater recommended to restrict the source of connection requests
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater appropriately.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If no <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is present,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will not open any communication channels.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="id2588052"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> {
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="id2588171"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement defines
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater DNSSEC security roots. DNSSEC is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#DNSSEC" title="DNSSEC">the section called “DNSSEC”</a>. A security root is defined when the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater public key for a non-authoritative zone is known, but
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater cannot be securely obtained through DNS, either because
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater it is the DNS root zone or because its parent zone is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater unsigned. Once a key has been configured as a trusted
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater key, it is treated as if it had been validated and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater proven secure. The resolver attempts DNSSEC validation
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater on all DNS data in subdomains of a security root.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater All keys (and corresponding zones) listed in
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> are deemed to exist regardless
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater of what parent zones say. Similarly for all keys listed in
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> only those keys are
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater used to validate the DNSKEY RRset. The parent's DS RRset
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater will not be used.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement can contain
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater multiple key entries, each consisting of the key's
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater domain name, flags, protocol, algorithm, and the Base-64
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater representation of the key data.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Spaces, tabs, newlines and carriage returns are ignored
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater in the key data, so the configuration may be split up into
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater multiple lines.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> may be set at the top level
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater of <code class="filename">named.conf</code> or within a view. If it is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater set in both places, they are additive: keys defined at the top
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater level are inherited by all views, but keys defined in a view
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater are only used within that view.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="id2588218"></a><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> {
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater<a name="id2588269"></a><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, like
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>, defines DNSSEC
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater security roots. The difference is that
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> can be kept up to date
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater automatically, without intervention from the resolver
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater Suppose, for example, that a zone's key-signing
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater key was compromised, and the zone owner had to revoke and
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater replace the key. A resolver which had the old key in a
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement would be
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater unable to validate this zone any longer; it would
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater reply with a SERVFAIL response code. This would
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater continue until the resolver operator had updated the
f0da471019f224ba88dc2f4b3f2209c6102855f6Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement with the new key.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater If, however, the zone were listed in a
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement instead, then the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater zone owner could add a "stand-by" key to the zone in advance.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> would store the stand-by key, and
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater when the original key was revoked, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater would be able to transition smoothly to the new key. It would
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater also recognize that the old key had been revoked, and cease
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater using that key to validate answers, minimizing the damage that
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater the compromised key could do.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater A <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement contains a list of
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater the keys to be managed, along with information about how the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater keys are to be initialized for the first time. The only
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater initialization method currently supported (as of
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.7.0) is <code class="literal">initial-key</code>.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater This means the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement must
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater contain a copy of the initializing key. (Future releases may
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater allow keys to be initialized by other methods, eliminating this
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Consequently, a <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater appears similar to a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>, differing
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater in the presence of the second field, containing the keyword
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">initial-key</code>. The difference is, whereas the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater keys listed in a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> continue to be
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater trusted until they are removed from
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, an initializing key listed
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater in a <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement is only trusted
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>once</em></span>: for as long as it takes to load the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater managed key database and start the RFC 5011 key maintenance
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The first time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs with a managed key
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater configured in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, it fetches the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater DNSKEY RRset directly from the zone apex, and validates it
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater using the key specified in the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span>
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater statement. If the DNSKEY RRset is validly signed, then it is
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater used as the basis for a new managed keys database.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater From that point on, whenever <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs, it
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater sees the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, checks to
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater make sure RFC 5011 key maintenance has already been initialized
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater for the specified domain, and if so, it simply moves on. The
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater key specified in the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> is not
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater used to validate answers; it has been superseded by the key or
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater keys stored in the managed keys database.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The next time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs after a name
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater has been <span class="emphasis"><em>removed</em></span> from the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, the corresponding
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater zone will be removed from the managed keys database,
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater and RFC 5011 key maintenance will no longer be used for that
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> only maintains a single managed keys
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater database; consequently, unlike <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>,
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> may only be set at the top
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater level of <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, not within a view.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater In the current implementation, the managed keys database is
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater stored as a master-format zone file called
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind</code>. When the key database
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater is changed, the zone is updated. As with any other dynamic
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater zone, changes will be written into a journal file,
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind.jnl</code>. They are committed
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater to the master file as soon as possible afterward; in the case
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater of the managed key database, this will usually occur within 30
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater seconds. So, whenever <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is using
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater automatic key maintenace, those two files can be expected to
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater exist in the working directory. (For this reason among others,
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater the working directory should be always be writable by
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.)
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater If the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> option is
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater will automatically initialize a managed key for the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater zone <code class="literal">dlv.isc.org</code>. The key that is
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater used to initialize the key maintenance process is built
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater into <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>, and can be overridden
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater from <span><strong class="command">bindkeys-file</strong></span>.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater<a name="view_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater match-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater match-destinations { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater match-recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_option</code></em>; ...</span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_statement</code></em>; ...</span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<a name="id2588573"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement is a powerful
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 that lets a name server
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater answer a DNS query differently
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater depending on who is asking. It is particularly useful for
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater split DNS setups without having to run multiple servers.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Each <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement defines a view
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater DNS namespace that will be seen by a subset of clients. A client
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater a view if its source IP address matches the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the view's
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> clause and its
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater destination IP address matches
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span> clause. If not
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater specified, both
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater default to matching all addresses. In addition to checking IP
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater can also take <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> which provide an
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater mechanism for the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater client to select the view. A view can also be specified
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater as <span><strong class="command">match-recursive-only</strong></span>, which
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater means that only recursive
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater requests from matching clients will match that view.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The order of the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements is
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater significant —
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater a client request will be resolved in the context of the first
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> that it matches.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Zones defined within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater statement will
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater only be accessible to clients that match the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater By defining a zone of the same name in multiple views, different
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater zone data can be given to different clients, for example,
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater and "external" clients in a split DNS setup.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Many of the options given in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater can also be used within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater statement, and then
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater apply only when resolving queries with that view. When no
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater value is given, the value in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater is used as a default. Also, zone options can have default values
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement; these
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater view-specific defaults
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater take precedence over those in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Views are class specific. If no class is given, class IN
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater is assumed. Note that all non-IN views must contain a hint zone,
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater since only the IN class has compiled-in default hints.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater If there are no <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements in
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater file, a default view that matches any client is automatically
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater in class IN. Any <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater the top level of the configuration file are considered to be part
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater this default view, and the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater statement will
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater apply to the default view. If any explicit <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater statements are present, all <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater statements must
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater occur inside <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Here is an example of a typical split DNS setup implemented
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater using <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements:
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">view "internal" {
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater // This should match our internal networks.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater match-clients { 10.0.0.0/8; };
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater // Provide recursive service to internal
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater // clients only.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater recursion yes;
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater // Provide a complete view of the example.com
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater // zone including addresses of internal hosts.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updaterview "external" {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Match all clients not matched by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // previous view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { any; };
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews // Refuse recursive service to external clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion no;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide a restricted view of the example.com
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // zone containing only publicly accessible hosts.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews type master;
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<a name="zone_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
b3c2030de4cc02b8e881ca4e6f62b385d4b41b0fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-policy <em class="replaceable"><code>local</code></em> | { <em class="replaceable"><code>update_policy_rule</code></em> [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> auto-dnssec <code class="constant">allow</code>|<code class="constant">maintain</code>|<code class="constant">create</code>|<code class="constant">off</code>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnskey-ksk-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrewszone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>] // Not Implemented.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type forward;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type delegation-only;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2590147"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews<a name="id2590154"></a>Zone Types</h4></div></div></div>
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews The server has a master copy of the data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the zone and will be able to provide authoritative
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater A slave zone is a replica of a master
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater zone. The <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> list
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater specifies one or more IP addresses
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater of master servers that the slave contacts to update
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater its copy of the zone.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Masters list elements can also be names of other
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater masters lists.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater By default, transfers are made from port 53 on the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater servers; this can
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater be changed for all servers by specifying a port number
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater list of IP addresses, or on a per-server basis after
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater the IP address.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Authentication to the master can also be done with
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater per-server TSIG keys.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater If a file is specified, then the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater replica will be written to this file whenever the zone
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater and reloaded from this file on a server restart. Use
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater recommended, since it often speeds server startup and
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater a needless waste of bandwidth. Note that for large
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater numbers (in the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater tens or hundreds of thousands) of zones per server, it
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater use a two-level naming scheme for zone filenames. For
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater a slave server for the zone <code class="literal">example.com</code> might place
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater the zone contents into a file called
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <code class="filename">ex/example.com</code> where <code class="filename">ex/</code> is
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater just the first two letters of the zone name. (Most
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater operating systems
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater behave very slowly if you put 100000 files into
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater a single directory.)
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater A stub zone is similar to a slave zone,
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater except that it replicates only the NS records of a
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater master zone instead
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater of the entire zone. Stub zones are not a standard part
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews they are a feature specific to the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> implementation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stub zones can be used to eliminate the need for glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a parent zone at the expense of maintaining a stub
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone entry and
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater a set of name server addresses in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This usage is not recommended for new configurations,
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews supports it only in a limited way.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4/8, zone
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews transfers of a parent zone
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews included the NS records from stub children of that
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews zone. This meant
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews that, in some cases, users could get away with
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews configuring child stubs
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews only in the master server for the parent zone. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews 9 never mixes together zone data from different zones
dcb551033f0b33eb5c113169750a61084d8250a1Mark Andrews way. Therefore, if a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 master serving a parent
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews zone has child stub zones configured, all the slave
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews servers for the
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews parent zone also need to have the same child stub
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews Stub zones can also be used as a way of forcing the
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews of a given domain to use a particular set of
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews authoritative servers.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater For example, the caching name servers on a private
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater RFC1918 addressing may be configured with stub zones
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <code class="literal">10.in-addr.arpa</code>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater to use a set of internal name servers as the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater servers for that domain.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater A "forward zone" is a way to configure
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater forwarding on a per-domain basis. A <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> can
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater contain a <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater and/or <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater which will apply to queries within the domain given by
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater name. If no <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater statement is present or
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater an empty list for <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span> is given, then no
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater forwarding will be done for the domain, canceling the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater any forwarders in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement. Thus
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater if you want to use this type of zone to change the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater behavior of the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater global <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> option
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (that is, "forward first"
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater to, then "forward only", or vice versa, but want to
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater servers as set globally) you need to re-specify the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater global forwarders.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The initial set of root name servers is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater specified using a "hint zone". When the server starts
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the root hints to find a root name server and get the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater list of root name servers. If no hint zone is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater specified for class
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater IN, the server uses a compiled-in default set of root
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater servers hints.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Classes other than IN have no built-in defaults hints.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="varname">delegation-only</code>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater This is used to enforce the delegation-only
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater status of infrastructure zones (e.g. COM,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater NET, ORG). Any answer that is received
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater without an explicit or implicit delegation
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater in the authority section will be treated
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater as NXDOMAIN. This does not apply to the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater zone apex. This should not be applied to
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="varname">delegation-only</code> has no
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater effect on answers received from forwarders.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater See caveats in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<a name="id2590650"></a>Class</h4></div></div></div>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The zone's name may optionally be followed by a class. If
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater a class is not specified, class <code class="literal">IN</code> (for <code class="varname">Internet</code>),
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater is assumed. This is correct for the vast majority of cases.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The <code class="literal">hesiod</code> class is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater named for an information service from MIT's Project Athena. It
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater used to share information about various systems databases, such
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater as users, groups, printers and so on. The keyword
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater a synonym for hesiod.
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater Another MIT development is Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater in the mid-1970s. Zone data for it can be specified with the <code class="literal">CHAOS</code> class.
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater<a name="id2590752"></a>Zone Options</h4></div></div></div>
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater See the description of
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater See the description of
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a "Simple Secure Update" policy. See
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only meaningful if <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein active for this zone. The set of machines that will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for this zone is made up of all the listed name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the primary master) for the zone plus any IP addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>. A port
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with each <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to send the notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages to a port other than the default of 53.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein meaningful for stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the empty list.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to restrict the character set and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein received from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network. The default varies according to zone type. For <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>. For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones the default is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is not implemented for <span><strong class="command">hint</strong></span> zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
d01e14dc0bfc700a8d72e9676fc8aa66c237151fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnskey-ksk-only</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnskey-ksk-only</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the type of database to be used for storing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone data. The string following the <span><strong class="command">database</strong></span> keyword
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is interpreted as a list of whitespace-delimited words.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The first word
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews identifies the database type, and any subsequent words are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as arguments to the database to be interpreted in a way
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce to the database type.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>"rbt"</code></strong>, BIND 9's
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce native in-memory
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson red-black-tree database. This database does not take
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Other values are possible if additional database drivers
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce have been linked into the server. Some sample drivers are
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce with the distribution but none are linked in by default.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce See the description of
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The flag only applies to hint and stub zones. If set
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the zone will also be
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce treated as if it is also a delegation-only type zone.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce See caveats in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only meaningful if the zone has a forwarders
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list. The <span><strong class="command">only</strong></span> value causes
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews the lookup to fail
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews after trying the forwarders and getting no answer, while <span><strong class="command">first</strong></span> would
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews allow a normal lookup to be tried.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Used to override the list of global forwarders.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater If it is not specified in a zone of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater no forwarding is done for the zone and the global options are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews specify the name
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews of the transaction log (journal) file for dynamic update
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews and constructs the name of the journal
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews file by appending "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>"
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews to the name of the
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-tmp-file</strong></span></span></dt>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Was an undocumented option in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Ignored in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">journal</strong></span></span></dt>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews Allow the default journal's filename to be overridden.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews The default is the zone's filename with "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>" appended.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews This is applicable to <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_resource_limits" title="Server Resource Limits">the section called “Server Resource Limits”</a>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews See the description of
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater See the description of
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews See the description of
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews See the description of
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater See the description of
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater See the description of
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pubkey</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein intended for specifying
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater a public zone key for verification of signatures in DNSSEC
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater zones when they are loaded from disk. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 does not verify signatures
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on load and ignores the option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will keep
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews information for this zone, which can be dumped to the
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> defined in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server options.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater See the description of
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews See the description of
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews See the description of
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews See the description of
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews See the description of
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater See the description of
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater See the description of
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews See the description of
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews See the description of
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews (Note that the <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>master</code></strong> and
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>slave</code></strong> choices are not
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews available at the zone level.)
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater See the description of
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater Usage”</a>.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec</strong></span></span></dt>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Zones configured for dynamic DNS may also use this
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews option to allow varying levels of autonatic DNSSEC key
9090a36b61a90746738f66bce09ceaf8d8491d7eAndreas Gustafsson management. There are four possible settings:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec allow;</strong></span> permits
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys to be updated and the zone re-signed whenever the
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater user issues the command <span><strong class="command">rndc sign</strong></span>.
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec maintain;</strong></span> includes the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein above, but also automatically adjusts the zone's DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys on schedule, according to the keys' timing metadata
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></span>(8)</a> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></span>(8)</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec create;</strong></span> includes the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein above, but also allows <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to create new keys in the key repository when needed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (NOTE: This option is not yet implemented; the syntax is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein being reserved for future use.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default setting is <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec off</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">secure-to-insecure</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="dynamic_update_policies"></a>Dynamic Update Policies</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 supports two alternative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein methods of granting clients the right to perform
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein dynamic updates to a zone, configured by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> option, respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> clause works the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein same way as in previous versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It grants given clients the permission to update any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record of any name in the zone.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allows more fine-grained control over what updates are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed. A set of rules is specified, where each rule
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein either grants or denies permissions for one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein names to be updated by one or more identities. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the dynamic update request message is signed (that is,
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews it includes either a TSIG or SIG(0) record), the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identity of the signer can be determined.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Rules are specified in the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone option, and are only meaningful for master zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater is present, it is a configuration error for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> statement to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein present. The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only examines the signer of a message; the source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address is not relevant.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There is a pre-defined <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rule which can be switched on with the command
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy local;</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Switching on this rule in a zone causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to generate a TSIG session
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key and place it in a file, and to allow that key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to update the zone. (By default, the file is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>, the key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name is "local-ddns" and the key algorithm is HMAC-SHA256,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but these values are configurable with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span>,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">session-keyname</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">session-keyalg</strong></span> options, respectively).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A client running on the local system, and with appropriate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permissions, may read that file and use the key to sign update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests. The zone's update policy will be set to allow that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key to change any record within the zone. Assuming the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name is "local-ddns", this policy is equivalent to:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">update-policy { grant local-ddns zonesub any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The command <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span> sends update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests to localhost, and signs them using the session key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Other rule definitions look like this:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein( <span><strong class="command">grant</strong></span> | <span><strong class="command">deny</strong></span> ) <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>] [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>types</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each rule grants or denies privileges. Once a message has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein successfully matched a rule, the operation is immediately
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein granted or denied and no further rules are examined. A rule
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is matched when the signer matches the identity field, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name matches the name field in accordance with the nametype
c60793c77f6b6b8b66ad57c73cd7eb67e8d7ff6fAndreas Gustafsson field, and the type matches the types specified in the type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein No signer is required for <em class="replaceable"><code>tcp-self</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <em class="replaceable"><code>6to4-self</code></em> however the standard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reverse mapping / prefix conversion must match the identity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The identity field specifies a name or a wildcard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name. Normally, this is the name of the TSIG or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SIG(0) key used to sign the update request. When a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TKEY exchange has been used to create a shared secret,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the identity of the shared secret is the same as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identity of the key used to authenticate the TKEY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exchange. TKEY is also the negotiation method used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by GSS-TSIG, which establishes an identity that is
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater the Kerberos principal of the client, such as
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>"user@host.domain"</code></strong>. When the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater a wildcard name, it is subject to DNS wildcard
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater expansion, so the rule will apply to multiple identities.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field must
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater contain a fully-qualified domain name.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> field has 13
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">name</code>, <code class="varname">subdomain</code>,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">wildcard</code>, <code class="varname">self</code>,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">selfsub</code>, <code class="varname">selfwild</code>,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>, <code class="varname">ms-self</code>,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">ms-subdomain</code>,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">tcp-self</code>, <code class="varname">6to4-self</code>,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Exact-match semantics. This rule matches
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater when the name being updated is identical
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater to the contents of the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule matches when the name being updated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a subdomain of, or identical to, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contents of the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule is similar to subdomain, except that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it matches when the name being updated is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein subdomain of the zone in which the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appears. This obviates the need to type the zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name twice, and enables the use of a standard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple zones without modification.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews When this rule is used, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field is omitted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is subject to DNS wildcard expansion, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this rule matches when the name being updated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name is a valid expansion of the wildcard.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule matches when the name being updated
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater matches the contents of the
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater is ignored, but should be the same as the
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater The <code class="varname">self</code> nametype is
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater most useful when allowing using one key per
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater name to update, where the key has the same
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater name as the name to be updated. The
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> would
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater be specified as <code class="constant">*</code> (an asterisk) in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except that subdomains of <code class="varname">self</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can also be updated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater except that only subdomains of
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <code class="varname">self</code> can be updated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow updates that have been sent via TCP and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the standard mapping from the initiating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein namespaces match the name to be updated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow the 6to4 prefix to be update by any TCP
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater connection from the 6to4 network or from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein corresponding IPv4 address. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to allow NS or DNAME RRsets to be added to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reverse tree.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews In all cases, the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify a fully-qualified domain name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no types are explicitly specified, this rule matches
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all types except RRSIG, NS, SOA, NSEC and NSEC3. Types
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be specified by name, including "ANY" (ANY matches
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all types except NSEC and NSEC3, which can never be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein updated). Note that when an attempt is made to delete
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all records associated with a name, the rules are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked for each existing record type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2593017"></a>Zone File</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them"></a>Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This section, largely borrowed from RFC 1034, describes the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein concept of a Resource Record (RR) and explains when each is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the publication of RFC 1034, several new RRs have been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and implemented in the DNS. These are also included.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2593035"></a>Resource Records</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A domain name identifies a node. Each node has a set of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource information, which may be empty. The set of resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information associated with a particular name is composed of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separate RRs. The order of RRs in a set is not significant and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein need not be preserved by name servers, resolvers, or other
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater parts of the DNS. However, sorting of multiple RRs is
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater permitted for optimization purposes, for example, to specify
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater that a particular nearby server be tried first. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a> and <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The components of a Resource Record are:
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews The domain name where the RR is found.
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews An encoded 16-bit value that specifies
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews the type of the resource record.
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews The time-to-live of the RR. This field
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater is a 32-bit integer in units of seconds, and is
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater primarily used by
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater resolvers when they cache RRs. The TTL describes how
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater be cached before it should be discarded.
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews An encoded 16-bit value that identifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a protocol family or instance of a protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The resource data. The format of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data is type (and sometimes class) specific.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following are <span class="emphasis"><em>types</em></span> of valid RRs:
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater A host address. In the IN class, this is a
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater 32-bit IP address. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 address. Described in RFC 1886.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 address. This can be a partial
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (a suffix) and an indirection to the name
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews where the rest of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (the prefix) can be found. Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2874.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Location of AFS database servers.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Address prefix list. Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 3123.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Holds a digital certificate.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2538.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews Identifies the canonical name of an alias.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Is used for identifying which DHCP client is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with this name. Described in RFC 4701.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Replaces the domain name specified with
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater another name to be looked up, effectively aliasing an
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater subtree of the domain name space rather than a single
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater as in the case of the CNAME RR.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Described in RFC 2672.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Stores a public key associated with a signed
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Stores the hash of a public key associated with a
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater signed DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Specifies the global position. Superseded by LOC.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Identifies the CPU and OS used by a host.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Provides a method for storing IPsec keying material in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS. Described in RFC 4025.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Representation of ISDN addresses.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stores a public key associated with a
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews DNS name. Used in original DNSSEC; replaced
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by DNSKEY in DNSSECbis, but still used with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SIG(0). Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies a key exchanger for this
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews DNS name. Described in RFC 2230.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For storing GPS info. Described in RFC 1876.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater Identifies a mail exchange for the domain with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a 16-bit preference value (lower is better)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by the host name of the mail exchange.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 974, RFC 1035.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Name authority pointer. Described in RFC 2915.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater A network service access point.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater Described in RFC 1706.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater The authoritative name server for the
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater domain. Described in RFC 1035.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater existing name.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater Described in RFC 4034.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater RRs with an owner name in a certain name
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater interval do not exist in a zone and indicate
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater what RR types are present for an existing
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater name. NSEC3 differs from NSEC in that it
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater prevents zone enumeration but is more
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater computationally expensive on both the server
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater and the client than NSEC. Described in RFC
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater Used in DNSSECbis to tell the authoritative
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater server which NSEC3 chains are available to use.
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater Described in RFC 5155.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Used in DNSSEC to securely indicate that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not exist in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews existing name.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Used in original DNSSEC; replaced by NSEC in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2535.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews A pointer to another part of the domain
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews name space. Described in RFC 1035.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Provides mappings between RFC 822 and X.400
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater addresses. Described in RFC 2163.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Information on persons responsible
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater for the domain. Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Contains DNSSECbis signature data. Described
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in RFC 4034.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews Route-through binding for hosts that
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews do not have their own direct wide area network
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Contains DNSSEC signature data. Used in
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews original DNSSEC; replaced by RRSIG in
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews DNSSECbis, but still used for SIG(0).
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies the start of a zone of authority.
3daad56dbb60acbdd1e8f59a1cfbfb03d364dba8Automatic Updater Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Contains the Sender Policy Framework information
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a given email domain. Described in RFC 4408.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Information about well known network
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews services (replaces WKS). Described in RFC 2782.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Provides a way to securely publish a secure shell key's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fingerprint. Described in RFC 4255.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater Text records. Described in RFC 1035.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater Information about which well known
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater network services, such as SMTP, that a domain
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater supports. Historical.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Representation of X.25 network addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following <span class="emphasis"><em>classes</em></span> of resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are currently valid in the DNS:
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews The Internet.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created at MIT in the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Rarely used for its historical purpose, but reused for
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews built-in server information zones, e.g.,
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Hesiod, an information service
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews developed by MIT's Project Athena. It is used to share
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews about various systems databases, such as users,
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews groups, printers
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater The owner name is often implicit, rather than forming an
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater part of the RR. For example, many name servers internally form
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater or hash structures for the name space, and chain RRs off nodes.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater The remaining RR parts are the fixed header (type, class, TTL)
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater which is consistent for all RRs, and a variable part (RDATA)
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater fits the needs of the resource being described.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater The meaning of the TTL field is a time limit on how long an
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater RR can be kept in a cache. This limit does not apply to
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater data in zones; it is also timed out, but by the refreshing
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater for the zone. The TTL is assigned by the administrator for the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater zone where the data originates. While short TTLs can be used to
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater minimize caching, and a zero TTL prohibits caching, the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater of Internet performance suggest that these times should be on
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater order of days for the typical host. If a change can be
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater the TTL can be reduced prior to the change to minimize
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater during the change, and then increased back to its former value
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater The data in the RDATA section of RRs is carried as a combination
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater of binary strings and domain names. The domain names are
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater used as "pointers" to other data in the DNS.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater<a name="id2594659"></a>Textual expression of RRs</h4></div></div></div>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater RRs are represented in binary form in the packets of the DNS
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater protocol, and are usually represented in highly encoded form
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater stored in a name server or resolver. In the examples provided
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater RFC 1034, a style similar to that used in master files was
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater in order to show the contents of RRs. In this format, most RRs
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater are shown on a single line, although continuation lines are
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater using parentheses.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater The start of the line gives the owner of the RR. If a line
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater begins with a blank, then the owner is assumed to be the same as
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater that of the previous RR. Blank lines are often included for
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater Following the owner, we list the TTL, type, and class of the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater RR. Class and type use the mnemonics defined above, and TTL is
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater an integer before the type field. In order to avoid ambiguity
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews parsing, type and class mnemonics are disjoint, TTLs are
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews and the type mnemonic is always last. The IN class and TTL
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews are often omitted from examples in the interests of clarity.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews The resource data or RDATA section of the RR are given using
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews knowledge of the typical representation for the data.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews For example, we might show the RRs carried in a message as:
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <code class="literal">10 VENERA.ISI.EDU.</code>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">10 VAXA.ISI.EDU</code>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">VENERA.ISI.EDU</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The MX RRs have an RDATA section which consists of a 16-bit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number followed by a domain name. The address RRs use a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP address format to contain a 32-bit internet address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The above example shows six RRs, with two RRs at each of three
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain names.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Similarly we might see:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This example shows two addresses for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">XX.LCS.MIT.EDU</code>, each of a different class.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2595111"></a>Discussion of MX Records</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As described above, domain servers store information as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein series of resource records, each of which contains a particular
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein piece of information about a given domain name (which is usually,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but not always, a host). The simplest way to think of a RR is as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a typed pair of data, a domain name matched with a relevant datum,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and stored with some additional type information to help systems
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews determine when the RR is relevant.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX records are used to control delivery of email. The data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the record is a priority and a domain name. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls the order in which email delivery is attempted, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lowest number first. If two priorities are the same, a server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein chosen randomly. If no servers at a given priority are responding,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the mail transport agent will fall back to the next largest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Priority numbers do not have any absolute meaning — they are
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews only respective to other MX records for that domain name. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name given is the machine to which the mail will be delivered.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It <span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> have an associated address record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (A or AAAA) — CNAME is not sufficient.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a given domain, if there is both a CNAME record and an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX record, the MX record is in error, and will be ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the mail will be delivered to the server specified in the MX
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointed to by the CNAME.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Mail delivery will be attempted to <code class="literal">mail.example.com</code> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">mail2.example.com</code> (in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews any order), and if neither of those succeed, delivery to <code class="literal">mail.backup.org</code> will
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews be attempted.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="Setting_TTLs"></a>Setting TTLs</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The time-to-live of the RR field is a 32-bit integer represented
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews in units of seconds, and is primarily used by resolvers when they
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews cache RRs. The TTL describes how long a RR can be cached before it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be discarded. The following three types of TTL are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used in a zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The last field in the SOA is the negative
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews caching TTL. This controls how long other servers will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache no-such-domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (NXDOMAIN) responses from you.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum time for
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater negative caching is 3 hours (3h).
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater The $TTL directive at the top of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone file (before the SOA) gives a default TTL for every
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a specific TTL set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each RR can have a TTL as the second
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field in the RR, which will control how long other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers can cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All of these TTLs default to units of seconds, though units
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be explicitly specified, for example, <code class="literal">1h30m</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2595795"></a>Inverse Mapping in IPv4</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Reverse name resolution (that is, translation from IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to name) is achieved by means of the <span class="emphasis"><em>in-addr.arpa</em></span> domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and PTR records. Entries in the in-addr.arpa domain are made in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews least-to-most significant order, read left to right. This is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein opposite order to the way IP addresses are usually written. Thus,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a machine with an IP address of 10.1.2.3 would have a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein corresponding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 3.2.1.10.in-addr.arpa. This name should have a PTR resource record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whose data field is the name of the machine or, optionally,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein PTR records if the machine has more than one name. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the [<span class="optional">example.com</span>] domain:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">2.1.10.in-addr.arpa</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">IN PTR foo.example.com.</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> lines in the examples
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are for providing context to the examples only — they do not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appear in the actual usage. They are only used here to indicate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that the example is relative to the listed origin.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2595922"></a>Other Zone File Directives</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Master File Format was initially defined in RFC 1035 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has subsequently been extended. While the Master File Format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is class independent all records in a Master File must be of the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Master File Directives include <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">$TTL.</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2595944"></a>The <span><strong class="command">@</strong></span> (at-sign)</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When used in the label (or name) field, the asperand or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews at-sign (@) symbol represents the current origin.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews At the start of the zone file, it is the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>> (followed by
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews trailing dot).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2595960"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>domain-name</code></em>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater sets the domain name that will be appended to any
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater unqualified records. When a zone is first read in there
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater is an implicit <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>><span><strong class="command">.</strong></span>
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater (followed by trailing dot).
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater The current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended to
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater the domain specified in the <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater argument if it is not absolute.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic UpdaterWWW CNAME MAIN-SERVER
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater is equivalent to
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic UpdaterWWW.EXAMPLE.COM. CNAME MAIN-SERVER.EXAMPLE.COM.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater<a name="id2596089"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em> </span>]
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Read and process the file <code class="filename">filename</code> as
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater if it were included into the file at this point. If <span><strong class="command">origin</strong></span> is
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater specified the file is processed with <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to that value, otherwise the current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The origin and the current domain name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein revert to the values they had prior to the <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the file has been read.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 1035 specifies that the current origin should be restored
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews an <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>, but it is silent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on whether the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain name should also be restored. BIND 9 restores both of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This could be construed as a deviation from RFC 1035, a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein feature, or both.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2596158"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>default-ttl</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Set the default Time To Live (TTL) for subsequent records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with undefined TTLs. Valid TTLs are of the range 0-2147483647
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is defined in RFC 2308.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2596195"></a><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used to create a series of resource records that only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein differ from each other by an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein iterator. <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> can be used to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews easily generate the sets of records required to support
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews sub /24 reverse delegations described in RFC 2317:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN 0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews$GENERATE 1-2 @ NS SERVER$.EXAMPLE.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews$GENERATE 1-127 $ CNAME $.0</pre>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is equivalent to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. NS SERVER1.EXAMPLE.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews1.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 1.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein2.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 2.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein127.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 127.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Generate a set of A and MX records. Note the MX's right hand
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein side is a quoted string. The quotes will be stripped when the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews right hand side is processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$ORIGIN EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ A 1.2.3.$
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ MX "0 ."</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">HOST-1.EXAMPLE. A 1.2.3.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">range</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This can be one of two forms: start-stop
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or start-stop/step. If the first form is used, then step
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1. All of start, stop and step must be positive.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span></p>
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater describes the owner name of the resource records
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater to be created. Any single <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span>
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater symbols within the <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> string
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater are replaced by the iterator value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To get a $ in the output, you need to escape the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> using a backslash
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">\</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein e.g. <span><strong class="command">\$</strong></span>. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> may optionally be followed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by modifiers which change the offset from the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews iterator, field width and base.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Modifiers are introduced by a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">{</strong></span> (left brace) immediately following the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">${offset[,width[,base]]}</strong></span>.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater For example, <span><strong class="command">${-20,3,d}</strong></span>
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater subtracts 20 from the current value, prints the
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater result as a decimal in a zero-padded field of
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Available output forms are decimal
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">d</strong></span>), octal
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">o</strong></span>), hexadecimal
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">x</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">X</strong></span>
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater for uppercase) and nibble
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">n</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">N</strong></span>\
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater for uppercase). The default modifier is
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">${0,0,d}</strong></span>. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> is not absolute, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In nibble mode the value will be treated as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if it was a reversed hexadecimal string
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews with each hexadecimal digit as a separate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein label. The width field includes the label
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For compatibility with earlier versions,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$$</strong></span> is still recognized as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicating a literal $ in the output.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the time-to-live of the generated records. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not specified this will be inherited using the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein normal TTL inheritance rules.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the class of the generated records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This must match the zone class if it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">type</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Any valid type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span>, optionally, quoted string.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> directive is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> extension
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and not part of the standard zone file format.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein BIND 8 does not support the optional TTL and CLASS fields.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zonefile_format"></a>Additional File Formats</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In addition to the standard textual format, BIND 9
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports the ability to read or dump to zone files in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein other formats. The <code class="constant">raw</code> format is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein currently available as an additional format. It is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein binary format representing BIND 9's internal data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein structure directly, thereby remarkably improving the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loading time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a primary server, a zone file in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="constant">raw</code> format is expected to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generated from a textual zone file by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. For a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secondary server or for a dynamic zone, it is automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generated (if this format is specified by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> option) when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> dumps the zone contents after
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone transfer or when applying prior updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a zone file in a binary format needs manual modification,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it first must be converted to a textual form by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. All
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein necessary modification should go to the text file, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should then be converted to the binary form by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command again.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Although the <code class="constant">raw</code> format uses the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network byte order and avoids architecture-dependent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data alignment so that it is as much portable as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein possible, it is primarily expected to be used inside
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the same single system. In order to export a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format or make a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein portable backup of the file, it is recommended to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein convert the file to the standard textual representation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="statistics"></a>BIND9 Statistics</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains lots of statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information and provides several interfaces for users to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein get access to the statistics.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The available statistics include all statistics counters
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that were available in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are meaningful in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and other information that is considered useful.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The statistics information is categorized into the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of incoming DNS requests for each OPCODE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of incoming queries for each RR type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of outgoing queries for each RR
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type sent from the internal resolver.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Maintained per view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statistics counters about incoming request processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statistics counters regarding zone maintenance
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operations such as zone transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statistics counters about name resolution
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein performed in the internal resolver.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Maintained per view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of RRsets per RR type and nonexistent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein names stored in the cache database.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the exclamation mark (!) is printed for a RR
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type, it means that particular type of RRset is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein known to be nonexistent (this is also known as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Maintained per view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statistics counters about network related events.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A subset of Name Server Statistics is collected and shown
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per zone for which the server has the authority when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span> is set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These statistics counters are shown with their zone and view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In some cases the view names are omitted for the default view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are currently two user interfaces to get access to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One is in the plain text format dumped to the file specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> configuration option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The other is remotely accessible via a statistics channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is specified in the configuration file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels" title="statistics-channels Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="statsfile"></a>The Statistics File</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The text format statistics dump begins with a line, like:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">+++ Statistics Dump +++ (973798949)</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number in parentheses is a standard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Unix-style timestamp, measured as seconds since January 1, 1970.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that line is a set of statistics information, which is categorized
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as described above.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each section begins with a line, like:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">++ Name Server Statistics ++</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each section consists of lines, each containing the statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein counter value followed by its textual description.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See below for available counters.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews For brevity, counters that have a value of 0 are not shown
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the statistics file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The statistics dump ends with the line where the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number is identical to the number in the beginning line; for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">--- Statistics Dump --- (973798949)</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="statistics_counters"></a>Statistics Counters</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following tables summarize statistics counters that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For each row of the tables, the leftmost column is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein abbreviated symbol name of that counter.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These symbols are shown in the statistics information
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein accessed via an HTTP statistics channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rightmost column gives the description of the counter,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews which is also shown in the statistics file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (but, in this document, possibly with slight modification
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for better readability).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Additional notes may also be provided in this column.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a middle column exists between these two columns,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews it gives the corresponding counter name of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 statistics, if applicable.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2597148"></a>Name Server Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Requestv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 requests received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: this also counts non query requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">Requestv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 requests received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: this also counts non query requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqEdns0</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Requests with EDNS(0) received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqBadEDNSVer</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests with unsupported EDNS version received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqTSIG</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests with TSIG received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqSIG0</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests with SIG(0) received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqBadSIG</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests with invalid (TSIG or SIG(0)) signature.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqTCP</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RTCP</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TCP requests received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">AuthQryRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RUQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Authoritative (non recursive) queries rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RecQryRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RURQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Recursive queries rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">XfrRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RUXFR</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfer requests rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RUUpd</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic update requests rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">Response</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SAns</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RespTruncated</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Truncated responses sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RespEDNS0</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses with EDNS(0) sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RespTSIG</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses with TSIG sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RespSIG0</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses with SIG(0) sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QrySuccess</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in a successful answer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This means the query which returns a NOERROR response
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with at least one answer RR.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">success</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryAuthAns</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in authoritative answer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryNoauthAns</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SNaAns</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in non authoritative answer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryReferral</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in referral answer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">referral</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryNxrrset</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in NOERROR responses with no data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nxrrset</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QrySERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SFail</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in SERVFAIL.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryFORMERR</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SFErr</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in FORMERR.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryNXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SNXD</strong></span></p>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in NXDOMAIN.
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nxdomain</strong></span> counter
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryRecursion</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RFwdQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries which caused the server
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater to perform recursion in order to find the final answer.
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryDuplicate</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RDupQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries which the server attempted to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recurse but discovered an existing query with the same
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater IP address, port, query ID, name, type and class
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein already being processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">duplicate</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryDropped</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Recursive queries for which the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discovered an excessive number of existing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursive queries for the same name, type and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class and were subsequently dropped.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is the number of dropped queries due to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the reason explained with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see the description about
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#clients-per-query"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span></a>.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dropped</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryFailure</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Other query failures.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">failure</strong></span> counter
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: this counter is provided mainly for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein backward compatibility with the previous versions.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Normally a more fine-grained counters such as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">AuthQryRej</strong></span> and
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">RecQryRej</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that would also fall into this counter are provided,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and so this counter would not be of much
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews interest in practice.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">XfrReqDone</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requested zone transfers completed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateReqFwd</strong></span></p>
ab8729140b1ad688ab03e1e9ce438fb1cbb49222Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Update requests forwarded.
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateRespFwd</strong></span></p>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater Update responses forwarded.
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateFwdFail</strong></span></p>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic update forward failed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateDone</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic updates completed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateFail</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Dynamic updates failed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateBadPrereq</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Dynamic updates rejected due to prerequisite failure.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2598758"></a>Zone Maintenance Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyOutv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 notifies sent.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyOutv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 notifies sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyInv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 notifies received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyInv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 notifies received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Incoming notifies rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SOAOutv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 SOA queries sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SOAOutv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 SOA queries sent.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">AXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews IPv4 AXFR requested.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">AXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews IPv6 AXFR requested.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">IXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews IPv4 IXFR requested.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">IXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews IPv6 IXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrSuccess</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests succeeded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2599209"></a>Resolver Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Queryv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Queryv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Responsev4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Responsev6</strong></span></p>
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RR</strong></span></p>
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater IPv6 responses received.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RNXD</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater NXDOMAIN received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">FORMERR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RFErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater FORMERR received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">OtherError</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Other errors received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">EDNS0Fail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater EDNS(0) query failures.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Mismatch</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RDupR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Mismatch responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The DNS ID, response's source address,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and/or the response's source port does not
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater match what was expected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (The port must be 53 or as defined by
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> option.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This may be an indication of a cache
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater poisoning attempt.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Truncated</strong></span></p>
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Truncated responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Lame</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RLame</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Lame delegations received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Retry</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SDupQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Query retries performed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QueryAbort</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries aborted due to quota control.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QuerySockFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Failures in opening query sockets.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater One common reason for such failures is a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater failure of opening a new socket due to a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater limitation on file descriptors.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QueryTimeout</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Query timeouts.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SSysQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 NS address fetches invoked.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SSysQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 NS address fetches invoked.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv4Fail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 NS address fetch failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv6Fail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 NS address fetch failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValAttempt</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation attempted.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValOk</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation succeeded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValNegOk</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation on negative information succeeded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryRTTnn</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Frequency table on round trip times (RTTs) of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Each <span><strong class="command">nn</strong></span> specifies the corresponding
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In the sequence of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_1</strong></span>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_2</strong></span>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m</strong></span>,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the value of <span><strong class="command">nn_i</strong></span> is the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater number of queries whose RTTs are between
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_(i-1)</strong></span> (inclusive) and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_i</strong></span> (exclusive) milliseconds.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For the sake of convenience we define
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_0</strong></span> to be 0.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The last entry should be represented as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m+</strong></span>, which means the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater number of queries whose RTTs are equal to or over
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m</strong></span> milliseconds.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2600231"></a>Socket I/O Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Socket I/O statistics counters are defined per socket
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater types, which are
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP4</strong></span> (UDP/IPv4),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP6</strong></span> (UDP/IPv6),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">TCP4</strong></span> (TCP/IPv4),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">TCP6</strong></span> (TCP/IPv6),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">Unix</strong></span> (Unix Domain), and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> (sockets opened outside the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater socket module).
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In the following table <span><strong class="command"><TYPE></strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater represents a socket type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Not all counters are available for all socket types;
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater exceptions are noted in the description field.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Open</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Sockets opened successfully.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>OpenFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Failures of opening sockets.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Close</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Sockets closed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>BindFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Failures of binding sockets.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>ConnFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Failures of connecting sockets.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Conn</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Connections established successfully.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>AcceptFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Failures of accepting incoming connection requests.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP</strong></span> and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> types.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Accept</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Incoming connections successfully accepted.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP</strong></span> and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> types.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>SendErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Errors in socket send operations.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter corresponds
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to <span><strong class="command">SErr</strong></span> counter of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>RecvErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Errors in socket receive operations.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This includes errors of send operations on a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater connected UDP socket notified by an ICMP error
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2600673"></a>Compatibility with <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND</em></span> 8 Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Most statistics counters that were available
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8 are also supported in
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 as shown in the above tables.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Here are notes about other counters that do not appear
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in these tables.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RFwdR,SFwdR</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These counters are not supported
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater because <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 does not adopt
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the notion of <span class="emphasis"><em>forwarding</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater as <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8 did.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RAXFR</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is accessible in the Incoming Queries section.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RIQ</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is accessible in the Incoming Requests section.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ROpts</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is not supported
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater because <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 does not care
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater about IP options in the first place.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html">Prev</a>�</td>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<td width="40%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html">Next</a>
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter�5.�The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Lightweight Resolver�</td>
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98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�Chapter�7.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</td>