Bv9ARM.ch06.html revision 60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8eb
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2004-2014 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<title>Chapter�6.�BIND 9 Configuration Reference</title>
e21a2904f02a03fa06b6db04d348f65fe9c67b2bMark Andrews<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="start" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="prev" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html" title="Chapter�5.�The BIND 9 Lightweight Resolver">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="next" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html" title="Chapter�7.�BIND 9 Security Considerations">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</th></tr>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html">Prev</a>�</td>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html">Next</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<a name="Bv9ARM.ch06"></a>Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2573293">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574022"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574286"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574646"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574663"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574755"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574778"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574872"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574998"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577129"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577226"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577322"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577440"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2577461"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592155"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592504"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592557"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed-keys"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592993"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2594940"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2598702">Zone File</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2600865">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2601480">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2601675">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2601880"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_counters">Statistics Counters</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration is broadly similar
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8; however, there are a few new
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews of configuration, such as views. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews 8 configuration files should work with few alterations in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9, although more complex configurations should be reviewed to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if they can be more efficiently implemented using the new features
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews found in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4 configuration files can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein converted to the new format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the shell script
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">contrib/named-bootconf/named-bootconf.sh</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="configuration_file_elements"></a>Configuration File Elements</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Following is a list of elements used throughout the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file documentation:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name of an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defined by the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>, <code class="varname">key_id</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="varname">acl_name</code> elements, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A named list of one or more <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews with optional <code class="varname">key_id</code> and/or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A <code class="varname">masters_list</code> may include other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a DNS name, for example "<code class="literal">my.test.domain</code>".
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater A list of one or more <code class="varname">domain_name</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One to four integers valued 0 through
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 255 separated by dots (`.'), such as <span><strong class="command">123</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">45.67</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">89.123.45.67</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv4 address with exactly four elements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <code class="varname">dotted_decimal</code> notation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv6 address, such as <span><strong class="command">2001:db8::1234</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews IPv6 scoped addresses that have ambiguity on their
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews scope zones must be disambiguated by an appropriate
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews zone ID with the percent character (`%') as
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews delimiter. It is strongly recommended to use
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews string zone names rather than numeric identifiers,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews in order to be robust against system configuration
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews changes. However, since there is no standard
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews mapping for such names and identifier values,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews currently only interface names as link identifiers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported, assuming one-to-one mapping between
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews interfaces and links. For example, a link-local
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews address <span><strong class="command">fe80::1</strong></span> on the link
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews attached to the interface <span><strong class="command">ne0</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified as <span><strong class="command">fe80::1%ne0</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews Note that on most systems link-local addresses
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews always have the ambiguity, and need to be
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews disambiguated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <code class="varname">ip4_addr</code> or <code class="varname">ip6_addr</code>.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User A <code class="varname">number</code> between 0 and 63, used
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User to select a differentiated services code point (DSCP)
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User value for use with outgoing traffic on operating systems
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User that support DSCP.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews The <code class="varname">number</code> is limited to 0
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through 65535, with values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below 1024 typically restricted to use by processes running
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews In some cases, an asterisk (`*') character can be used as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein placeholder to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein select a random high-numbered port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IP network specified as an <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by a slash (`/') and then the number of bits in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Trailing zeros in a <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may omitted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, <span><strong class="command">127/8</strong></span> is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">127.0.0.0</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein netmask <span><strong class="command">255.0.0.0</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0/28</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0</strong></span> with netmask <span><strong class="command">255.255.255.240</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews When specifying a prefix involving a IPv6 scoped address
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews the scope may be omitted. In that case the prefix will
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews match packets from any scope.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">domain_name</code> representing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name of a shared key, to be used for transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separated by semicolons and ending with a semicolon.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews A non-negative 32-bit integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (i.e., a number between 0 and 4294967295, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Its acceptable value might further
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be limited by the context in which it is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a pathname, such as <code class="filename">zones/master/my.test.domain</code>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A list of an <code class="varname">ip_port</code> or a port
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A port range is specified in the form of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range</code></strong> followed by
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater two <code class="varname">ip_port</code>s,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, which represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater port numbers from <code class="varname">port_low</code> through
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, inclusive.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_low</code> must not be larger than
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range 1024 65535</code></strong> represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater ports from 1024 through 65535.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater In either case an asterisk (`*') character is not
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater allowed as a valid <code class="varname">ip_port</code>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User A 64-bit unsigned integer, or the keywords
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong> or
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>default</code></strong>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Integers may take values
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User 0 <= value <= 18446744073709551615, though
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User certain parameters
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User (such as <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span>) may
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User use a more limited range within these extremes.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User In most cases, setting a value to 0 does not
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User literally mean zero; it means "undefined" or
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User "as big as possible", depending on the context.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User See the explanations of particular parameters
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User that use <code class="varname">size_spec</code>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User for details on how they interpret its use.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Numeric values can optionally be followed by a
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User scaling factor:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>K</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>k</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for kilobytes,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>M</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>m</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for megabytes, and
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>G</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>g</code></strong>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User for gigabytes, which scale by 1024, 1024*1024, and
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User 1024*1024*1024 respectively.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <code class="varname">unlimited</code> generally means
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User "as big as possible", and is usually the best
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User way to safely set a very large number.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User uses the limit that was in force when the server was started.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Either <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The words <strong class="userinput"><code>true</code></strong> and <strong class="userinput"><code>false</code></strong> are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also accepted, as are the numbers <strong class="userinput"><code>1</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <strong class="userinput"><code>0</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One of <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in a zone, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>, and <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are restricted to slave and stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="address_match_lists"></a>Address Match Lists</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<a name="id2573128"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><code class="varname">address_match_list</code> = address_match_list_element ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address_match_list_element; ... </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<code class="varname">address_match_list_element</code> = [<span class="optional"> ! </span>] (ip_address [<span class="optional">/length</span>] |
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce key key_id | acl_name | { address_match_list } )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<a name="id2573156"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control for various server operations. They are also used in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews statements. The elements which constitute an address match
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews list can be any of the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a key ID, as defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>the name of an address match list defined with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>a nested address match list enclosed in braces</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Elements can be negated with a leading exclamation mark (`!'),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the match list names "any", "none", "localhost", and
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews "localnets" are predefined. More information on those names
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews can be found in the description of the acl statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The addition of the key clause made the name of this syntactic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element something of a misnomer, since security keys can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to validate access without regard to a host or network address.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Nonetheless, the term "address match list" is still used
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews throughout the documentation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a given IP address or prefix is compared to an address
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews match list, the comparison takes place in approximately O(1)
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews time. However, key comparisons require that the list of keys
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be traversed until a matching key is found, and therefore may
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be somewhat slower.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater used for access control, defining <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> ports, or in a
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>, and whether the element was negated.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews When used as an access control list, a non-negated match
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews allows access and a negated match denies access. If
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews there is no match, access is denied. The clauses
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>, and
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span> all use address match
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater lists. Similarly, the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option will cause the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews server to refuse queries on any of the machine's
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews addresses which do not match the list.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Order of insertion is significant. If more than one element
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews in an ACL is found to match a given IP address or prefix,
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews preference will be given to the one that came
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> in the ACL definition.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Because of this first-match behavior, an element that
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews defines a subset of another element in the list should
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews come before the broader element, regardless of whether
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews either is negated. For example, in
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">1.2.3/24; ! 1.2.3.13;</strong></span>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews the 1.2.3.13 element is completely useless because the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews algorithm will match any lookup for 1.2.3.13 to the 1.2.3/24
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews element. Using <span><strong class="command">! 1.2.3.13; 1.2.3/24</strong></span> fixes
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews that problem by having 1.2.3.13 blocked by the negation, but
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews all other 1.2.3.* hosts fall through.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<a name="id2573293"></a>Comment Syntax</h3></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 comment syntax allows for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comments to appear
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews anywhere that whitespace may appear in a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. To appeal to programmers of all kinds, they can be written
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<a name="id2573308"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">/* This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C */</pre>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">// This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C++</pre>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"># This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in common UNIX shells
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater# and perl</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<a name="id2573406"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Comments may appear anywhere that whitespace may appear in
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments start with the two characters /* (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein star) and end with */ (star, slash). Because they are completely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delimited with these characters, they can be used to comment only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a portion of a line or to span multiple lines.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments cannot be nested. For example, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not valid because the entire comment ends with the first */:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">/* This is the start of a comment.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce This is still part of the comment.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce/* This is an incorrect attempt at nesting a comment. */
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce This is no longer in any comment. */
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C++-style comments start with the two characters // (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">// This is the start of a comment. The next line
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce// is a new comment, even though it is logically
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce// part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Shell-style (or perl-style, if you prefer) comments start
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the character <code class="literal">#</code> (number sign)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and continue to the end of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein physical line, as in C++ comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"># This is the start of a comment. The next line
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce# is a new comment, even though it is logically
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce# part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You cannot use the semicolon (`;') character
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to start a comment such as you would in a zone file. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein semicolon indicates the end of a configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Configuration_File_Grammar"></a>Configuration File Grammar</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews A <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration consists of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements and comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statements end with a semicolon. Statements and comments are the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only elements that can appear without enclosing braces. Many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements contain a block of sub-statements, which are also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein terminated with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following statements are supported:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching list, for access control and other uses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares control channels to be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein includes a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies key information for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authentication and authorization using TSIG.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies what the server logs, and where
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log messages are sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configures <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews also act as a light-weight resolver daemon (<span><strong class="command">lwresd</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named masters list for
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater inclusion in stub and slave zones'
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> or
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls global server configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options and sets defaults for other statements.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span></p>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater sets certain configuration options on
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater a per-server basis.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span></p>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater declares communication channels to get access to
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> statistics.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines trusted DNSSEC keys.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span></p>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater lists DNSSEC keys to be kept up to date
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater using RFC 5011 trust anchor maintenance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statements may only occur once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<a name="id2574022"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> acl-name {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews address_match_list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="acl"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement assigns a symbolic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name to an address match list. It gets its name from a primary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use of address match lists: Access Control Lists (ACLs).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that an address match list's name must be defined
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> before it can be used
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews elsewhere; no forward references are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following ACLs are built-in:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">any</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches all hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">none</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches no hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of all network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces on the system. When addresses are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein added or removed, the <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ACL element is updated to reflect the changes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches any host on an IPv4 or IPv6 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the system has an interface.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When addresses are added or removed,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ACL element is updated to reflect the changes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Some systems do not provide a way to determine the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In such a case, <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only matches the local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 addresses, just like <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<a name="id2574286"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> {
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> }
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [ inet ...; ]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [ unix <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> perm <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> owner <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> group <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [ unix ...; ]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<a name="controls_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement declares control
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User channels to be used by system administrators to control the
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User operation of the name server. These control channels are
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User used by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility to send
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User commands to and retrieve non-DNS results from a name server.
02bd0d97b8e0193e229b16446b65bdb4c84ce33eTinderbox User An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User If you will only use <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> on the local host,
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User using the loopback address (<code class="literal">127.0.0.1</code>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User or <code class="literal">::1</code>) is recommended for maximum security.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User If no port is specified, port 953 is used. The asterisk
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User The ability to issue commands over the control channel is
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User restricted by the <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> and
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clauses.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User Connections to the control channel are permitted based on the
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>. This is for simple
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP address based filtering only; any <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein elements of the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are ignored.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater A <span><strong class="command">unix</strong></span> control channel is a UNIX domain
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater socket listening at the specified path in the file system.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Access to the socket is specified by the <span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">owner</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">group</strong></span> clauses.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Note on some platforms (SunOS and Solaris) the permissions
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>) are applied to the parent directory
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews as the permissions on the socket itself are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary authorization mechanism of the command
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel is the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contains a list of <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>s.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> in the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is authorized to execute commands over the control channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#rndc">Remote Name Daemon Control application</a> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#admin_tools" title="Administrative Tools">the section called “Administrative Tools”</a>)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for information about configuring keys in <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement is present,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will set up a default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control channel listening on the loopback address 127.0.0.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and its IPv6 counterpart ::1.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews In this case, and also when the <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is present but does not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to load the command channel key
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews from the file <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">/etc</code> (or whatever <code class="varname">sysconfdir</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews was specified as when <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> was built).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews To create a <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file, run
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature was created to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ease the transition of systems from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which did not have digital signatures on its command channel
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews messages and thus did not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It makes it possible to use an existing <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration file in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 unchanged,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and still have <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> work the same way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span> worked in BIND 8, simply by executing the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews command <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong> after BIND 9 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is only intended to allow the backward-compatible usage of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 configuration files, this
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews feature does not
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews have a high degree of configurability. You cannot easily change
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the key name or the size of the secret, so you should make a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> with your own key if you
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews wish to change
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews those things. The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews also has its
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews permissions set such that only the owner of the file (the user that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running as) can access it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein desire greater flexibility in allowing other users to access
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> commands, then you need to create
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> file and make it group
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews readable by a group
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that contains the users who should have access.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To disable the command channel, use an empty
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">controls { };</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2574646"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>;</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574663"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> statement inserts the
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews specified file at the point where the <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is encountered. The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement facilitates the administration of configuration
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews by permitting the reading or writing of some things but not
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews others. For example, the statement could include private keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are readable only by the name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574755"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein algorithm <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews secret <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574778"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement defines a shared
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secret key for use with TSIG (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the command channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Usage”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement can occur at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement. Keys defined in top-level <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statements can be used in all views. Keys intended for use in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews a <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be defined at the top level.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>, also known as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name, is a domain name uniquely identifying the key. It can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in a <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User statement to cause requests sent to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to be signed with this key, or in address match lists to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein verify that incoming requests have been signed with a key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this name, algorithm, and secret.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em> is a string
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that specifies a security/authentication algorithm. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server supports <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code> TSIG authentication.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Truncated hashes are supported by appending the minimum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of required bits preceded by a dash, e.g.
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em> is the secret
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews to be used by the algorithm, and is treated as a base-64
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein encoded string.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574872"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> {
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User [ <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> | <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> ) ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>syslog_facility</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> );
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> (<code class="option">critical</code> | <code class="option">error</code> | <code class="option">warning</code> | <code class="option">notice</code> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">info</code> | <code class="option">debug</code> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em> ] | <code class="option">dynamic</code> ); ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>category_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; [ <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; ... ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574998"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement configures a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein variety of logging options for the name server. Its <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associates output methods, format options and severity levels with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a name that can then be used with the <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to select how various classes of messages are logged.
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews Only one <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement is used to
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews as many channels and categories as are wanted. If there is no <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews the logging configuration will be:
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category unmatched { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the logging configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only established when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the entire configuration file has been parsed. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, it was
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User established as soon as the <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was parsed. When the server is starting up, all logging messages
cf3f55777b86527d5b00bb39d661c5fe6f9625f2Automatic Updater regarding syntax errors in the configuration file go to the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels, or to standard error if the "<code class="option">-g</code>" option
9aafbfaefbfcaef713dddbf4e83807c282f07b88Tinderbox User was specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575050"></a>The <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All log output goes to one or more <span class="emphasis"><em>channels</em></span>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you can make as many of them as you want.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Every channel definition must include a destination clause that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein says whether messages selected for the channel go to a file, to a
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce particular syslog facility, to the standard error stream, or are
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce discarded. It can optionally also limit the message severity level
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce that will be accepted by the channel (the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span>), and whether to include a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>-generated time stamp, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and/or severity level (the default is not to include any).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein causes all messages sent to the channel to be discarded;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that case, other options for the channel are meaningless.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> destination clause directs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to a disk file. It can include limitations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both on how large the file is allowed to become, and how many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file will be saved each time the file is opened.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you use the <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> log file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option, then
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will retain that many backup
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson versions of the file by
aeb8fffc841865c3336383eadfd9987332a03286Andreas Gustafsson renaming them when opening. For example, if you choose to keep
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three old versions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file <code class="filename">lamers.log</code>, then just
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews before it is opened
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code> is renamed to
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <code class="filename">lamers.log.2</code>, <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code> is renamed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code>, and <code class="filename">lamers.log</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renamed to <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You can say <span><strong class="command">versions unlimited</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the number of versions.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option is associated with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log file,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then renaming is only done when the file being opened exceeds the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated size. No backup versions are kept by default; any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log file is simply appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option for files is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to limit log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein growth. If the file ever exceeds the size, then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop writing to the file unless it has a <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with it. If backup versions are kept, the files are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein described above and a new one begun. If there is no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option, no more data will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be written to the log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein until some out-of-band mechanism removes or truncates the log to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein less than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum size. The default behavior is not to limit the size of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Example usage of the <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> options:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel an_example_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "example.log" versions 3 size 20m;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print-time yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print-category yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the system log. Its argument is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog facility as described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> man
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews page. Known facilities are <span><strong class="command">kern</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">user</strong></span>,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">mail</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">auth</strong></span>,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">lpr</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">news</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">uucp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">cron</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">authpriv</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ftp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local0</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local1</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local2</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local3</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local4</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local5</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local6</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local7</strong></span>, however not all facilities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all operating systems.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> will handle messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this facility is described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. If you have a system which uses a very old version of <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only uses two arguments to the <span><strong class="command">openlog()</strong></span> function,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then this clause is silently ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein On Windows machines syslog messages are directed to the EventViewer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> clause works like <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>'s
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "priorities", except that they can also be used if you are writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein straight to a file rather than using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages which are not at least of the severity level given will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be selected for the channel; messages of higher severity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you are using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, then the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> priorities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will also determine what eventually passes through. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defining a channel facility and severity as <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only logging <span><strong class="command">daemon.warning</strong></span> via <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause messages of severity <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notice</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be dropped. If the situation were reversed, with <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages of only <span><strong class="command">warning</strong></span> or higher,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then <span><strong class="command">syslogd</strong></span> would
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce print all messages it received from the channel.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce The <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the server's standard error stream. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use when the server is running as a foreground process, for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when debugging a configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server can supply extensive debugging information when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is in debugging mode. If the server's global debug level is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than zero, then debugging mode will be active. The global debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level is set either by starting the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the <code class="option">-d</code> flag followed by a positive integer,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or by running <span><strong class="command">rndc trace</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The global debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be set to zero, and debugging mode turned off, by running <span><strong class="command">rndc
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinnotrace</strong></span>. All debugging messages in the server have a debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level, and higher debug levels give more detailed output. Channels
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that specify a specific debug severity, for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel specific_debug_level {
8a8a1fe98c89d0c683387b15a93b36ee7fe34b77Tinderbox User severity debug 3;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will get debugging output of level 3 or less any time the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server is in debugging mode, regardless of the global debugging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level. Channels with <span><strong class="command">dynamic</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's global debug level to determine what messages to print.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> has been turned on,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and time will be logged. <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified for a <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> channel,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but is usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointless since <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> also logs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. If <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requested, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category of the message will be logged as well. Finally, if <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on, then the severity level of the message will be logged. The <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in any combination, and will always be printed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order: time, category, severity. Here is an example where all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">28-Feb-2000 15:05:32.863 general: notice: running</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are four predefined channels that are used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>'s default logging as follows.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_category_phrase" title="The category Phrase">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel default_syslog {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // send to syslog's daemon facility
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog daemon;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // only send priority info and higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel default_debug {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // write to named.run in the working directory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Note: stderr is used instead of "named.run" if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // the server is started with the '-f' option.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce // log at the server's current debug level
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce severity dynamic;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel default_stderr {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // writes to stderr
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // only send priority info and higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel null {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // toss anything sent to this channel
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">default_debug</strong></span> channel has the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein property that it only produces output when the server's debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein nonzero. It normally writes to a file called <code class="filename">named.run</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the server's working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For security reasons, when the "<code class="option">-u</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option is used, the <code class="filename">named.run</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is created only after <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changed to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein new UID, and any debug output generated while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein starting up and still running as root is discarded. If you need
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to capture this output, you must run the server with the "<code class="option">-g</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option and redirect standard error to a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once a channel is defined, it cannot be redefined. Thus you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot alter the built-in channels directly, but you can modify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default logging by pointing categories at channels you have
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
7c0ebe385b36d64c2424dd5a3e62d441c08e7037Andreas Gustafsson<a name="the_category_phrase"></a>The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater There are many categories, so you can send the logs you want
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater to see wherever you want, without seeing logs you don't want. If
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater you don't specify a list of channels for a category, then log
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater in that category will be sent to the <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span> category
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater instead. If you don't specify a default category, the following
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce "default default" is used:
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater As an example, let's say you want to log security events to
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater a file, but you also want keep the default logging behavior. You'd
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce specify the following:
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson<pre class="programlisting">channel my_security_channel {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater file "my_security_file";
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity info;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeincategory security {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein my_security_channel;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default_syslog;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default_debug;
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews To discard all messages in a category, specify the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category xfer-out { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeincategory notify { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following are the available categories and brief descriptions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the types of log information they contain. More
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein categories may be added in future <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> releases.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">default</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default category defines the logging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options for those categories where no specific
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">general</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The catch-all. Many things still aren't
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein classified into categories, and they all end up here.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <p><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></p>
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson Messages relating to the databases used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internally by the name server to store zone and cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">config</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Configuration file parsing and processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">resolver</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS resolution, such as the recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lookups performed on behalf of clients by a caching name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-in</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is receiving.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-out</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is sending.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The NOTIFY protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">client</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Processing of client requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">unmatched</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages that <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> was unable to determine the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class of or for which there was no matching <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A one line summary is also logged to the <span><strong class="command">client</strong></span> category.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default it is sent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">network</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Network operations.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update-security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of update requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify where queries should be logged to.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At startup, specifying the category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span> will also
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater enable query logging unless <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> option has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The query log entry reports the client's IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address and port number, and the query name,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class and type. Next it reports whether the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Recursion Desired flag was set (+ if set, -
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if not set), if the query was signed (S),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS was in use (E), if TCP was used (T), if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DO (DNSSEC Ok) was set (D), or if CD (Checking
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disabled) was set (C). After this the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein destination address the query was sent to is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#62536 (www.example.com): query: www.example.com IN AAAA +SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client ::1#62537 (www.example.net): query: www.example.net IN AAAA -SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (The first part of this log message, showing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein repeated in all subsequent log messages related
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the same query.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information about queries that resulted in some
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dispatch</strong></span></p>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Dispatching of incoming packets to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server modules where they are to be processed.
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">dnssec</strong></span></p>
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater DNSSEC and TSIG protocol processing.
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">lame-servers</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Lame servers. These are misconfigurations
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater in remote servers, discovered by BIND 9 when trying to
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater query those servers during resolution.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Delegation only. Logs queries that have been
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater forced to NXDOMAIN as the result of a
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater delegation-only zone or a
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span> in a
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater forward, hint or stub zone declaration.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">edns-disabled</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Log queries that have been forced to use plain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS due to timeouts. This is often due to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the remote servers not being RFC 1034 compliant
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (not always returning FORMERR or similar to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS queries and other extensions to the DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when they are not understood). In other words, this is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein targeted at servers that fail to respond to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS queries that they don't understand.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: the log message can also be due to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein packet loss. Before reporting servers for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-RFC 1034 compliance they should be re-tested
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to determine the nature of the non-compliance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This testing should prevent or reduce the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of false-positive reports.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: eventually <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will have to stop
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treating such timeouts as due to RFC 1034 non
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compliance and start treating it as plain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein packet loss. Falsely classifying packet
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loss as due to RFC 1034 non compliance impacts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on DNSSEC validation which requires EDNS for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the DNSSEC records to be returned.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RPZ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information about errors in response policy zone files,
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater rewritten responses, and at the highest
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> levels, mere rewriting
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span></p>
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews The start, periodic, and final notices of the
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews rate limiting of a stream of responses are logged at
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span> severity in this category.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews These messages include a hash value of the domain name
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews of the response and the name itself,
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews except when there is insufficient memory to record
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews the name for the final notice
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews The final notice is normally delayed until about one
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews minute after rate limit stops.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews A lack of memory can hurry the final notice,
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews in which case it starts with an asterisk (*).
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews Various internal events are logged at debug 1 level
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews Rate limiting of individual requests
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews is logged in the <span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span> category.
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews<a name="id2576610"></a>The <span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span> Category</h4></div></div></div>
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">query-errors</strong></span> category is
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews specifically intended for debugging purposes: To identify
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews why and how specific queries result in responses which
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater indicate an error.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Messages of this category are therefore only logged
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater with <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> levels.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 1 or higher, each response with the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater rcode of SERVFAIL is logged as follows:
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#61502: query failed (SERVFAIL) for www.example.com/IN/AAAA at query.c:3880</code>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater This means an error resulting in SERVFAIL was
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User detected at line 3880 of source file
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Log messages of this level will particularly
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User help identify the cause of SERVFAIL for an
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User authoritative server.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User At the debug levels of 2 or higher, detailed context
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User information of recursive resolutions that resulted in
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User SERVFAIL is logged.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The log message will look like as follows:
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox Userfetch completed at resolver.c:2970 for www.example.com/A
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox Userin 30.000183: timed out/success [domain:example.com,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox Userreferral:2,restart:7,qrysent:8,timeout:5,lame:0,neterr:0,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox Userbadresp:1,adberr:0,findfail:0,valfail:0]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The first part before the colon shows that a recursive
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User resolution for AAAA records of www.example.com completed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in 30.000183 seconds and the final result that led to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SERVFAIL was determined at line 2970 of source file
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User The following part shows the detected final result and the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater latest result of DNSSEC validation.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The latter is always success when no validation attempt
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In this example, this query resulted in SERVFAIL probably
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater because all name servers are down or unreachable, leading
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to a timeout in 30 seconds.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation was probably not attempted.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The last part enclosed in square brackets shows statistics
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater information collected for this particular resolution
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <code class="varname">domain</code> field shows the deepest zone
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater that the resolver reached;
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater it is the zone where the error was finally detected.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The meaning of the other fields is summarized in the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater following table.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">referral</code></p>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The number of referrals the resolver received
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater throughout the resolution process.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater In the above example this is 2, which are most
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">restart</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of cycles that the resolver tried
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater remote servers at the <code class="varname">domain</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In each cycle the resolver sends one query
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater (possibly resending it, depending on the response)
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to each known name server of
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">qrysent</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of queries the resolver sent at the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">timeout</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of timeouts since the resolver
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater received the last response.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of lame servers the resolver detected
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater A server is detected to be lame either by an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater invalid response or as a result of lookup in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater BIND9's address database (ADB), where lame
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater servers are cached.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">neterr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of erroneous results that the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver encountered in sending queries
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case is the remote server is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater unreachable and the resolver receives an ICMP
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater unreachable error message.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">badresp</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of unexpected responses (other than
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">lame</code>) to queries sent by the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">adberr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures in finding remote server addresses
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater of the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone in the ADB.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case of this is that the remote
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater server's name does not have any address records.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">findfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of resolving remote server addresses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is a total number of failures throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">valfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of DNSSEC validation.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Validation failures are counted throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process (not limited to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone), but should
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater only happen in <code class="varname">domain</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 3 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 1 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Note that negative responses such as NXDOMAIN are not
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater regarded as errors here.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 4 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 2 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Unlike the above case of level 3, messages are logged for
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater negative responses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is because any unexpected results can be difficult to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater debug in the recursion case.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2577129"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> {
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> listen-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ;
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> view <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> search { <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ndots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> lwres-tasks <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> lwres-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="id2577226"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statement configures the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater server to also act as a lightweight resolver server. (See
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#lwresd" title="Running a Resolver Daemon">the section called “Running a Resolver Daemon”</a>.) There may be multiple
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statements configuring
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater lightweight resolver servers with different properties.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statement specifies a
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater IPv4 addresses (and ports) that this instance of a lightweight
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver daemon
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater should accept requests on. If no port is specified, port 921 is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If this statement is omitted, requests will be accepted on
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement binds this
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater lightweight resolver daemon to a view in the DNS namespace, so that
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater response will be constructed in the same manner as a normal DNS
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater matching this view. If this statement is omitted, the default view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used, and if there is no default view, an error is triggered.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It provides a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of domains
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User which are appended to relative names in queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
4e243fdc6b33a6371208b48d64912d8e327b4f5cAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It indicates the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of dots in a relative domain name that should result in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exact match lookup before search path elements are appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="option">lwres-tasks</code> statement specifies the number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of worker threads the lightweight resolver will dedicate to serving
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews clients. By default the number is the same as the number of CPUs on
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews the system; this can be overridden using the <code class="option">-n</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option when starting the server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="option">lwres-clients</code> specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the number of client objects per thread the lightweight
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolver should create to serve client queries.
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User By default, if the lightweight resolver runs as a part
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User of <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>, 256 client objects are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein created for each task; if it runs as <span><strong class="command">lwresd</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1024 client objects are created for each thread. The maximum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is 32768; higher values will be silently ignored and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the maximum will be used instead.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that setting too high a value may overconsume
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system resources.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of client queries that the lightweight
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolver can handle at any one time equals
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">lwres-tasks</code> times <code class="option">lwres-clients</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2577322"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2577440"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists allow for a common set of masters to be easily used by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple stub and slave zones in their <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2577461"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> {
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> attach-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> version <em class="replaceable"><code>version_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> hostname <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> server-id <em class="replaceable"><code>server_id_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> geoip-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> managed-keys-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> named-xfer <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-keytab <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-credential <em class="replaceable"><code>principal</code></em>; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-domain <em class="replaceable"><code>domainname</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tkey-dhkey <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_tag</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> cache-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dump-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> bindkeys-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> secroots-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> session-keyfile <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> session-keyname <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> session-keyalg <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> memstatistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> memstatistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> pid-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> recursing-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> statistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> auth-nxdomain <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> deallocate-on-exit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> fake-iquery <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> fetch-glue <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> flush-zones-on-shutdown <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> has-old-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> host-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> host-statistics-max <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> minimal-responses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> multiple-cnames <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> recursion <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> request-sit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sit-secret <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em>; </span>]
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> request-nsid <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> rfc2308-type1 <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-id-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences (<em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <code class="constant">master</code> | <code class="constant">slave</code>); </span>]
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnssec-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-validation (<em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <code class="constant">auto</code>); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-lookaside ( <em class="replaceable"><code>auto</code></em> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> trust-anchor <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-must-be-secure <em class="replaceable"><code>domain yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-accept-expired <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward ( <em class="replaceable"><code>only</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>first</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dual-stack-servers [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]) ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ... }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names ( <em class="replaceable"><code>master</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>slave</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>response</code></em> )
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-dup-records ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-mx-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-srv-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-sibling <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-spf ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-new-zones { <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> }; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> automatic-interface-scan { <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> }; </span>]
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> geoip-use-ecs <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>;</span>]
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-update-mode ( <em class="replaceable"><code>maintain</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>no-resign</code></em> ); </span>]
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-loadkeys-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;</span>]
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-v6-synthesis { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> blackhole { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> no-case-compress { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> avoid-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> avoid-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> listen-on [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> listen-on-v6 [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews{ <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] |
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] )
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] )
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-updateinterval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> tcp-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> reserved-sockets <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> recursive-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> startup-notify-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> serial-query-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> serial-queries <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> tcp-listen-queue <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfers-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfers-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfers-per-ns <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
b3c2030de4cc02b8e881ca4e6f62b385d4b41b0fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>keyname</code></em></span>] ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>keyname</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> coresize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> datasize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> files <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> stacksize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> heartbeat-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> interface-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> statistics-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> topology { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> sortlist { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> rrset-order { <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; ... </span>] </span>] };
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> lame-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-ncache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-cache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-zone-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> servfail-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-roots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-expire <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> treat-cr-as-space <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> nta-lifetime <em class="replaceable"><code>duration</code></em> ; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> nta-recheck <em class="replaceable"><code>duration</code></em> ; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em>; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ;
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> additional-from-auth <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> additional-from-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> random-device <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-cache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> match-mapped-addresses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> filter-aaaa-on-v4 ( <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>break-dnssec</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> filter-aaaa-on-v6 ( <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>break-dnssec</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> filter-aaaa { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dns64 <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6-prefix</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> mapped { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> suffix IPv6-address; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> break-dnssec <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein }; </span>];
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dns64-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>]
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dns64-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>]
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> preferred-glue ( <em class="replaceable"><code>A</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>AAAA</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>NONE</code></em> ); </span>]
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-rsa-exponent-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> root-delegation-only [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>] ; </span>]
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> querylog <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> disable-algorithms <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>;
66edf659b7e4db8a36edec0beaf507ff3199fc22Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> disable-ds-digests <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>digest_type</code></em>;
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>digest_type</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-acache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater (<code class="constant">relative</code>|<code class="constant">full</code>) ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> empty-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> empty-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> empty-zones-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> disable-empty-zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
538a83db7509d598da95a93bd7b74ef3112123a4Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> resolver-query-timeout <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
538a83db7509d598da95a93bd7b74ef3112123a4Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-addresses { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-aliases { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> prefetch <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> responses-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> referrals-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> nodata-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> nxdomains-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> errors-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> all-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> window <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> log-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> qps-scale <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> ipv4-prefix-length <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> ipv6-prefix-length <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> slip <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> exempt-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> } ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-table-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-table-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> ;
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> policy <em class="replaceable"><code>given | disabled | passthru | drop | tcp-only | nxdomain | nodata | cname</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-policy-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> </span>] ;
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-policy-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> break-dnssec <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-ns-dots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> </span>]
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> qname-wait-recurse <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>] ; </span>]
0c487f4b6eade1440ea40f5a5ffc9b5fd4c41ed1Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="options"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement sets up global
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>. This statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may appear only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein once in a configuration file. If there is no <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, an options block with each option set to its default will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allows multiple views to share a single cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Each view has its own cache database by default, but
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater if multiple views have the same operational policy
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater for name resolution and caching, those views can
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater share a single cache to save memory and possibly
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater improve resolution efficiency by using this option.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater may also be specified in <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater statements, in which case it overrides the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater global <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em> specifies
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the cache to be shared.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater When the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server configures
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater views which are supposed to share a cache, it
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater creates a cache with the specified name for the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater first view of these sharing views.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The rest of the views will simply refer to the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater already created cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater One common configuration to share a cache would be to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater allow all views to share a single cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater This can be done by specifying
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> as a global
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater option with an arbitrary name.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Another possible operation is to allow a subset of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater all views to share a cache while the others to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater retain their own caches.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater For example, if there are three views A, B, and C,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater and only A and B should share a cache, specify the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">attach-cache</strong></span> option as a view A (or
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater B)'s option, referring to the other view name:
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view has its own cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view refers to A's cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater attach-cache "A";
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view has its own cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Views that share a cache must have the same policy
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater on configurable parameters that may affect caching.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The current implementation requires the following
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater configurable options be consistent among these
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span>, and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Note that there may be other parameters that may
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater cause confusion if they are inconsistent for
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater different views that share a single cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater For example, if these views define different sets of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater forwarders that can return different answers for the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater same question, sharing the answer does not make
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater sense or could even be harmful.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater It is administrator's responsibility to ensure
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater configuration differences in different views do
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater not cause disruption with a shared cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">directory</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The working directory of the server.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Any non-absolute pathnames in the configuration file will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as relative to this directory. The default location for most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein output files (e.g. <code class="filename">named.run</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is this directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a directory is not specified, the working directory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defaults to `<code class="filename">.</code>', the directory from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was started. The directory specified should be an absolute
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">geoip-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the directory containing GeoIP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">.dat</code> database files for GeoIP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein initialization. By default, this option is unset
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the GeoIP support will use libGeoIP's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built-in directory.
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater (For details, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl" title="acl Statement Definition and
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater Usage”</a> about the
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">geoip</strong></span> ACL.)
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When performing dynamic update of secure zones, the
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater directory where the public and private DNSSEC key files
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User should be found, if different than the current working
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User directory. (Note that this option has no effect on the
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User paths for files containing non-DNSSEC keys such as
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User Specifies the directory in which to store the files that
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User track managed DNSSEC keys. By default, this is the working
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is not configured to use views,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then managed keys for the server will be tracked in a single
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file called <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind</code>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Otherwise, managed keys will be tracked in separate files,
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews one file per view; each file name will be the SHA256 hash
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews of the view name, followed by the extension
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span></span></dt>
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete.</em></span> It
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to specify
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater the pathname to the <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span>
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater program. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, no separate
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span> program is needed;
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater its functionality is built into the name server.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-gssapi-keytab</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The KRB5 keytab file to use for GSS-TSIG updates. If
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews this option is set and tkey-gssapi-credential is not
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater set, then updates will be allowed with any key
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater matching a principal in the specified keytab.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-gssapi-credential</strong></span></span></dt>
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater The security credential with which the server should
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater authenticate keys requested by the GSS-TSIG protocol.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater Currently only Kerberos 5 authentication is available
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater and the credential is a Kerberos principal which the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server can acquire through the default system key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file, normally <code class="filename">/etc/krb5.keytab</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The location keytab file can be overridden using the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews tkey-gssapi-keytab option. Normally this principal is
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews of the form "<strong class="userinput"><code>DNS/</code></strong><code class="varname">server.domain</code>".
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews To use GSS-TSIG, <span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span> must
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews also be set if a specific keytab is not set with
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews tkey-gssapi-keytab.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The domain appended to the names of all shared keys
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews generated with <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. When a
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews client requests a <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span> exchange,
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews it may or may not specify the desired name for the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews key. If present, the name of the shared key will
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater be <code class="varname">client specified part</code> +
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>. Otherwise, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name of the shared key will be <code class="varname">random hex
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein digits</code> + <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In most cases, the <span><strong class="command">domainname</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be the server's domain name, or an otherwise
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-existent subdomain like
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "_tkey.<code class="varname">domainname</code>". If you are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using GSS-TSIG, this variable must be defined, unless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you specify a specific keytab using tkey-gssapi-keytab.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-dhkey</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Diffie-Hellman key used by the server
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews to generate shared keys with clients using the Diffie-Hellman
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews of <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. The server must be
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews able to load the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein public and private keys from files in the working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein most cases, the keyname should be the server's host name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cache-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is for testing only. Do not use.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dump-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server dumps
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews the database to when instructed to do so with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rndc dumpdb</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named_dump.db</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater The pathname of the file the server writes memory
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater usage statistics to on exit. If not specified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default is <code class="filename">named.memstats</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pid-file</strong></span></span></dt>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in. If not specified, the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The PID file is used by programs that want to send signals to
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews name server. Specifying <span><strong class="command">pid-file none</strong></span> disables the
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews use of a PID file — no file will be written and any
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews existing one will be removed. Note that <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews is a keyword, not a filename, and therefore is not enclosed
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews double quotes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursing-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server dumps
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the queries that are currently recursing when instructed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to do so with <span><strong class="command">rndc recursing</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.recursing</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater The pathname of the file the server appends statistics
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater to when instructed to do so using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.stats</code> in the
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater server's current directory. The format of the file is
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">bindkeys-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater The pathname of a file to override the built-in trusted
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater keys provided by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater See the discussion of <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater and <span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span> for details.
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater <code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">secroots-file</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server dumps
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater security roots to when instructed to do so with
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc secroots</strong></span>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">named.secroots</code>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file into which to write a TSIG
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater session key generated by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> for use by
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span>. If not specified, the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater default is <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater (See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>, and in
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater particular the discussion of the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement's
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong> option for more
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater information about this feature.)
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyname</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The key name to use for the TSIG session key.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is "local-ddns".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">session-keyalg</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The algorithm to use for the TSIG session key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are hmac-sha1, hmac-sha224, hmac-sha256,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hmac-sha384, hmac-sha512 and hmac-md5. If not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, the default is hmac-sha256.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">port</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein receiving and sending DNS protocol traffic.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 53. This option is mainly intended for server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a server using a port other than 53 will not be able to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein communicate with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the global DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The source of entropy to be used by the server. Entropy is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein primarily needed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for DNSSEC operations, such as TKEY transactions and dynamic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein update of signed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones. This options specifies the device (or file) from which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entropy. If this is a file, operations requiring entropy will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail when the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file has been exhausted. If not specified, the default value
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews (or equivalent) when present, and none otherwise. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span> option takes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein effect during
285254345ce5ab270848f8c11f7be146793f1e00Mark Andrews the initial configuration load at server startup time and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is ignored on subsequent reloads.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">preferred-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If specified, the listed type (A or AAAA) will be emitted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before other glue
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater in the additional section of a query response.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater The default is not to prefer any type (NONE).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="root_delegation_only"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Turn on enforcement of delegation-only in TLDs
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater (top level domains) and root zones with an optional
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater DS queries are expected to be made to and be answered by
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater delegation only zones. Such queries and responses are
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater treated as an exception to delegation-only processing
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater and are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses provided
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater a CNAME is not discovered at the query name.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater If a delegation only zone server also serves a child
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater zone it is not always possible to determine whether
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater an answer comes from the delegation only zone or the
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater child zone. SOA NS and DNSKEY records are apex
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater only records and a matching response that contains
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater these records or DS is treated as coming from a
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater child zone. RRSIG records are also examined to see
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater if they are signed by a child zone or not. The
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater authority section is also examined to see if there
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater is evidence that the answer is from the child zone.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Answers that are determined to be from a child zone
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses. Despite
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater all these checks there is still a possibility of
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater false negatives when a child zone is being served.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Similarly false positives can arise from empty nodes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (no records at the name) in the delegation only zone
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews when the query type is not ANY.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note some TLDs are not delegation only (e.g. "DE", "LV",
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "US" and "MUSEUM"). This list is not exhaustive.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein root-delegation-only exclude { "de"; "lv"; "us"; "museum"; };
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span></span></dt>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Disable the specified DNSSEC algorithms at and below the
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User specified name.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Multiple <span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User statements are allowed.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Only the best match <span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User clause will be used to determine which algorithms are used.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User If all supported algorithms are disabled, the zones covered
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User by the <span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span> will be treated
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-ds-digests</strong></span></span></dt>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Disable the specified DS/DLV digest types at and below the
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User specified name.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Multiple <span><strong class="command">disable-ds-digests</strong></span>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User statements are allowed.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Only the best match <span><strong class="command">disable-ds-digests</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clause will be used to determine which digest types are used.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If all supported digest types are disabled, the zones covered
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater by the <span><strong class="command">disable-ds-digests</strong></span> will be treated
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span></span></dt>
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater When set, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> provides the
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater validator with an alternate method to validate DNSKEY
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater records at the top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater below a domain specified by the deepest
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>, and the normal DNSSEC
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater validation has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater will be appended to the key name and a DLV record will be
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater looked up to see if it can validate the key. If the DLV
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater record validates a DNSKEY (similarly to the way a DS
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater record does) the DNSKEY RRset is deemed to be trusted.
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, then built-in default
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater values for the DLV domain and trust anchor will be
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater used, along with a built-in key for validation.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then dnssec-lookaside
e31a258ca6ef845faf483fa8f04921e8841d3213Tinderbox User The default DLV key is stored in the file
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will load that key at
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater startup if <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <code class="constant">auto</code>. A copy of the file is
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater installed along with <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, and is
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater current as of the release date. If the DLV key expires, a
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater new copy of <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> can be downloaded
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater from <a href="https://www.isc.org/solutions/dlv/" target="_top">https://www.isc.org/solutions/dlv/</a>.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater (To prevent problems if <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> is
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater not found, the current key is also compiled in to
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. Relying on this is not
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater recommended, however, as it requires <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater to be recompiled with a new key when the DLV key expires.)
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater NOTE: <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> only loads certain specific
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater keys from <code class="filename">bind.keys</code>: those for the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater DLV zone and for the DNS root zone. The file cannot be
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater used to store keys for other zones.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-must-be-secure</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater Specify hierarchies which must be or may not be secure
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (signed and validated). If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will only accept answers if
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater they are secure. If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then normal
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater DNSSEC validation applies allowing for insecure answers to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater be accepted. The specified domain must be under a
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> or
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, or
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> must be active.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dns64</strong></span></span></dt>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater This directive instructs <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater return mapped IPv4 addresses to AAAA queries when
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater there are no AAAA records. It is intended to be
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater used in conjunction with a NAT64. Each
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dns64</strong></span> defines one DNS64 prefix.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater Multiple DNS64 prefixes can be defined.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater Compatible IPv6 prefixes have lengths of 32, 40, 48, 56,
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater 64 and 96 as per RFC 6052.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater Additionally a reverse IP6.ARPA zone will be created for
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater the prefix to provide a mapping from the IP6.ARPA names
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater to the corresponding IN-ADDR.ARPA names using synthesized
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater CNAMEs. <span><strong class="command">dns64-server</strong></span> and
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dns64-contact</strong></span> can be used to specify
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater the name of the server and contact for the zones. These
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater are settable at the view / options level. These are
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater not settable on a per-prefix basis.
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater Each <span><strong class="command">dns64</strong></span> supports an optional
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">clients</strong></span> ACL that determines which
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater clients are affected by this directive. If not defined,
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater it defaults to <strong class="userinput"><code>any;</code></strong>.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Each <span><strong class="command">dns64</strong></span> supports an optional
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">mapped</strong></span> ACL that selects which
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater IPv4 addresses are to be mapped in the corresponding
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater A RRset. If not defined it defaults to
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>any;</code></strong>.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Normally, DNS64 won't apply to a domain name that
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater owns one or more AAAA records; these records will
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater simply be returned. The optional
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">exclude</strong></span> ACL allows specification
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater of a list of IPv6 addresses that will be ignored
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater if they appear in a domain name's AAAA records, and
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater DNS64 will be applied to any A records the domain
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater name owns. If not defined, <span><strong class="command">exclude</strong></span>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater defaults to none.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater A optional <span><strong class="command">suffix</strong></span> can also
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater be defined to set the bits trailing the mapped
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater IPv4 address bits. By default these bits are
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater set to <strong class="userinput"><code>::</code></strong>. The bits
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater matching the prefix and mapped IPv4 address
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">recursive-only</strong></span> is set to
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> the DNS64 synthesis will
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater only happen for recursive queries. The default
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">break-dnssec</strong></span> is set to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> the DNS64 synthesis will
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater happen even if the result, if validated, would
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater cause a DNSSEC validation failure. If this option
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater is set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> (the default), the DO
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater is set on the incoming query, and there are RRSIGs on
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater the applicable records, then synthesis will not happen.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater acl rfc1918 { 10/8; 192.168/16; 172.16/12; };
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater dns64 64:FF9B::/96 {
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater clients { any; };
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater mapped { !rfc1918; any; };
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater exclude { 64:FF9B::/96; ::ffff:0000:0000/96; };
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-update-mode</strong></span></span></dt>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater If this option is set to its default value of
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <code class="literal">maintain</code> in a zone of type
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <code class="literal">master</code> which is DNSSEC-signed
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater and configured to allow dynamic updates (see
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>), and
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater if <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> has access to the
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater private signing key(s) for the zone, then
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will automatically sign all new
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater or changed records and maintain signatures for the zone
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater by regenerating RRSIG records whenever they approach
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater their expiration date.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater If the option is changed to <code class="literal">no-resign</code>,
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will sign all new or
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater changed records, but scheduled maintenance of
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater signatures is disabled.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater With either of these settings, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User will reject updates to a DNSSEC-signed zone when the
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User signing keys are inactive or unavailable to
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. (A planned third option,
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <code class="literal">external</code>, will disable all automatic
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User signing and allow DNSSEC data to be submitted into a zone
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User via dynamic update; this is not yet implemented.)
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">nta-lifetime</strong></span></span></dt>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User Species the default lifetime, in seconds,
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User that will be used for negative trust anchors added
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User via <span><strong class="command">rndc nta</strong></span>.
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User A negative trust anchor selectively disables
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User DNSSEC validation for zones that known to be
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User failing because of misconfiguration rather than
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User an attack. When data to be validated is
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User at or below an active NTA (and above any other
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User configured trust anchors), <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User abort the DNSSEC validation process and treat the data as
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User insecure rather than bogus. This continues until the
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User NTA's lifetime is elapsed, or until the server is
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User restarted (NTA's do not persist across restarts).
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User For convenience, TTL-style time unit suffixes can be
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User used to specify the NTA lifetime in seconds, minutes
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User or hours. <code class="option">nta-lifetime</code> defaults to
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User one hour. It cannot exceed one week.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">nta-recheck</strong></span></span></dt>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Species how often to check whether negative
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User trust anchors added via <span><strong class="command">rndc nta</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User are still necessary.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User A negative trust anchor is normally used when a
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User domain has stopped validating due to operator error;
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User it temporarily disables DNSSEC validation for that
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User domain. In the interest of ensuring that DNSSEC
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User validation is turned back on as soon as possible,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will periodically send a
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User query to the domain, ignoring negative trust anchors,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User to find out whether it can now be validated. If so,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User the negative trust anchor is allowed to expire early.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Validity checks can be disabled for an individual
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User NTA by using <span><strong class="command">rndc nta -f</strong></span>, or
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User for all NTA's by setting <code class="option">nta-recheck</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For convenience, TTL-style time unit suffixes can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to specify the NTA recheck interval in seconds,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes or hours. The default is five minutes.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-zone-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Specifies a maximum permissible TTL value.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User When loading a zone file using a
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <code class="option">masterfile-format</code> of
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <code class="constant">text</code> or <code class="constant">raw</code>,
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User any record encountered with a TTL higher than
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> will cause the zone to
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User This is useful in DNSSEC-signed zones because when
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User rolling to a new DNSKEY, the old key needs to remain
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater available until RRSIG records have expired from
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater caches. The<code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> option guarantees
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater that the largest TTL in the zone will be no higher
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater the set value.
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater (NOTE: Because <code class="constant">map</code>-format files
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein load directly into memory, this option cannot be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used with them.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>full</code></strong>, the server will collect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statistical data on all zones (unless specifically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein turned off on a per-zone basis by specifying
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics terse</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics none</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement).
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>terse</code></strong>, providing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minimal statistics on zones (including name and
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews current serial number, but not query type
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews These statistics may be accessed via the
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">statistics-channel</strong></span> or
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>, which
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews will dump them to the file listed
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews in the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span>. See
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews also <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For backward compatibility with earlier versions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of BIND 9, the <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option can also accept <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>; <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has the same meaning as <strong class="userinput"><code>full</code></strong>.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews As of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.10,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> has the same meaning
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>; previously, it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was the same as <strong class="userinput"><code>terse</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="boolean_options"></a>Boolean Options</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">automatic-interface-scan</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and supported by the OS,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein automatically rescan network interfaces when the interface
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses are added or removed. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Currently the OS needs to support routing sockets for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">automatic-interface-scan</strong></span> to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-new-zones</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then zones can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein added at runtime via <span><strong class="command">rndc addzone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or deleted via <span><strong class="command">rndc delzone</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the <span><strong class="command">AA</strong></span> bit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is always set on NXDOMAIN responses, even if the server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a change from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8. If you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are using very old DNS software, you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may need to set it to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">deallocate-on-exit</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8 to enable checking
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for memory leaks on exit. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option and always performs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Write memory statistics to the file specified by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span> at exit.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> unless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein '-m record' is specified on the command line in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which case it is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server treats all zones as if they are doing zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a dial-on-demand dialup link, which can be brought up by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein originating from this server. This has different effects
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to zone type and concentrates the zone maintenance so that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein happens in a short interval, once every <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hopefully during the one call. It also suppresses some of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone maintenance traffic. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in which case it overrides the global <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the zone is a master zone, then the server will send out a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein request to all the slaves (default). This should trigger the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number check in the slave (providing it supports NOTIFY)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowing the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to verify the zone while the connection is active.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The set of servers to which NOTIFY is sent can be controlled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is a slave or stub zone, then the server will suppress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "zone up to date" (refresh) queries and only perform them
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> expires in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addition to sending
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NOTIFY requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Finer control can be achieved by using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong> which only sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong> which sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein suppresses the normal refresh queries, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which suppresses normal refresh processing and sends refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expires, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong> which just disables normal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein normal refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein heart-beat refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein heart-beat notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> (default)</p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">refresh</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify-passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that normal NOTIFY processing is not affected by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fake-iquery</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews enabled simulating the obsolete DNS query type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IQUERY. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 never does
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IQUERY simulation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, <strong class="userinput"><code>fetch-glue yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caused the server to attempt to fetch glue resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein didn't have when constructing the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data section of a response. This is now considered a bad
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and BIND 9 never does it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the nameserver exits due receiving SIGTERM,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein flush or do not flush any pending zone writes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">geoip-use-ecs</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When BIND is compiled with GeoIP support and configured
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with "geoip" ACL elements, this option indicates whether
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the EDNS Client Subnet option, if present in a request,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be used for matching against the GeoIP database.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">geoip-use-ecs</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was incorrectly implemented
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, and is ignored by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews To achieve the intended effect
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, specify
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews the two separate options <span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews and <span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> instead.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews In BIND 8, this enables keeping of
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews statistics for every host that the name server interacts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">maintain-ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determine whether a transaction log was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein kept for Incremental Zone Transfer. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains a transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log whenever possible. If you need to disable outgoing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers, use <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">minimal-responses</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein responses the server will only add records to the authority
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and additional data sections when they are required (e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delegations, negative responses). This may improve the
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User performance of the server.
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multiple-cnames</strong></span></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to allow
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User a domain name to have multiple CNAME records in violation of
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User the DNS standards. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.2 onwards
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User always strictly enforces the CNAME rules both in master
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User files and dynamic updates.
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> (the default),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS NOTIFY messages are sent when a zone the server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changes, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#notify" title="Notify">the section called “Notify”</a>. The messages are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers listed in the zone's NS records (except the master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server identified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the SOA MNAME field), and to any servers listed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>master-only</code></strong>, notifies are only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for master zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>explicit</code></strong>, notifies are sent only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers explicitly listed using <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, no notifies are sent.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> option may also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in which case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options notify</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It would only be necessary to turn off this option if it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caused slaves
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> do not check the nameservers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the NS RRset against the SOA MNAME. Normally a NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein message is not sent to the SOA MNAME (SOA ORIGIN) as it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supposed to contain the name of the ultimate master.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sometimes, however, a slave is listed as the SOA MNAME in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hidden master configurations and in that case you would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein want the ultimate master to still send NOTIFY messages to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all the nameservers listed in the NS RRset.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS query requests recursion, then the server will attempt
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all the work required to answer the query. If recursion is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the server does not already know the answer, it will
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews referral response. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that setting <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> does not prevent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients from getting data from the server's cache; it only
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews prevents new data from being cached as an effect of client
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Caching may still occur as an effect the server's internal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation, such as NOTIFY address lookups.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See also <span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span> above.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-nsid</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an empty EDNS(0)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NSID (Name Server Identifier) option is sent with all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries to authoritative name servers during iterative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolution. If the authoritative server returns an NSID
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option in its response, then its contents are logged in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">resolver</strong></span> category at level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-sit</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then a SIT (Source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identity Token) EDNS option is sent along with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the query. If the resolver has previously talked
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the server, the SIT returned in the previous
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transaction is sent. This is used by the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to determine whether the resolver has talked to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it before. A resolver sending the correct SIT is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein assumed not to be an off-path attacker sending a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein spoofed-source query; the query is therefore
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unlikely to be part of a reflection/amplification
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein attack, so resolvers sending a correct SIT option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are not subject to response rate limiting (RRL).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Resolvers which do not send a correct SIT option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be limited to receiving smaller responses via
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">nosit-udp-size</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sit-secret</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set, this is a shared secret used for generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and verifying Source Identity Token EDNS options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein within an anycast cluster. If not set, the system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will generate a random secret at startup. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein shared secret is encoded as a hex string and needs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be 128 bits for AES128, 160 bits for SHA1 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 256 bits for SHA256.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting this to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause the server to send NS records along with the SOA
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record for negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not yet implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-id-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 always allocates query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IDs from a pool.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you need to disable IXFR to a particular server or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the information on the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#incremental_zone_transfers" title="Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)">the section called “Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> in
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-expire</strong></span></span></dt>
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater See the description of
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">request-expire</strong></span> in
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater Usage”</a>.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">treat-cr-as-space</strong></span></span></dt>
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater the server treat carriage return ("<span><strong class="command">\r</strong></span>") characters the same way
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater as a space or tab character,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater to facilitate loading of zone files on a UNIX system that
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater were generated
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater on an NT or DOS machine. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, both UNIX "<span><strong class="command">\n</strong></span>"
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater and NT/DOS "<span><strong class="command">\r\n</strong></span>" newlines
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater are always accepted,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater and the option is ignored.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-auth</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span></span>
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater These options control the behavior of an authoritative
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater answering queries which have additional data, or when
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater following CNAME
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater and DNAME chains.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater When both of these options are set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater (the default) and a
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater query is being answered from authoritative data (a zone
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater configured into the server), the additional data section of
2cc7515f8a0c2f5f86ec85a853c7cb855b3d9536Tinderbox User reply will be filled in using data from other authoritative
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater and from the cache. In some situations this is undesirable,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater as when there is concern over the correctness of the cache,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater in servers where slave zones may be added and modified by
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater untrusted third parties. Also, avoiding
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater the search for this additional data will speed up server
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater at the possible expense of additional queries to resolve
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater otherwise be provided in the additional section.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater For example, if a query asks for an MX record for host <code class="literal">foo.example.com</code>,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater and the record found is "<code class="literal">MX 10 mail.example.net</code>", normally the address
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater records (A and AAAA) for <code class="literal">mail.example.net</code> will be provided as well,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater if known, even though they are not in the example.com zone.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Setting these options to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater disables this behavior and makes
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater the server only search for additional data in the zone it
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User These options are intended for use in authoritative-only
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User servers, or in authoritative-only views. Attempts to set
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User them to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> without also
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> will cause the
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User ignore the options and log a warning message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span> actually
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater disables the use of the cache not only for additional data
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater but also when looking up the answer. This is usually the
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater behavior in an authoritative-only server where the
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater correctness of
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater the cached data is an issue.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a name server is non-recursively queried for a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below the apex of any served zone, it normally answers with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "upwards referral" to the root servers or the servers of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein known parent of the query name. Since the data in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein upwards referral
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comes from the cache, the server will not be able to provide
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referrals when <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has been specified. Instead, it will respond to such
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews with REFUSED. This should not cause any problems since
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein upwards referrals are not required for the resolution
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">match-mapped-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4-mapped IPv6 address will match any address match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list entries that match the corresponding IPv4 address.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater This option was introduced to work around a kernel quirk
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in some operating systems that causes IPv4 TCP
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater connections, such as zone transfers, to be accepted on an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 socket using mapped addresses. This caused address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match lists designed for IPv4 to fail to match. However,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> now solves this problem
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internally. The use of this option is discouraged.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span></span></dt>
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews This option is only available when
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 is compiled with the
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>--enable-filter-aaaa</code></strong> option on the
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews "configure" command line. It is intended to help the
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews transition from IPv4 to IPv6 by not giving IPv6 addresses
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater to DNS clients unless they have connections to the IPv6
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater Internet. This is not recommended unless absolutely
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater necessary. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span> option
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater may also be specified in <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater to override the global <span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews the DNS client is at an IPv4 address, in <span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa</strong></span>,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews and if the response does not include DNSSEC signatures,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews then all AAAA records are deleted from the response.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews This filtering applies to all responses and not only
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater authoritative responses.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>break-dnssec</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then AAAA records are deleted even when DNSSEC is enabled.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As suggested by the name, this makes the response not verify,
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater because the DNSSEC protocol is designed detect deletions.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This mechanism can erroneously cause other servers to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not give AAAA records to their clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A recursing server with both IPv6 and IPv4 network connections
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that queries an authoritative server using this mechanism
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein via IPv4 will be denied AAAA records even if its client is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This mechanism is applied to authoritative as well as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-authoritative records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A client using IPv4 that is not allowed recursion can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein erroneously be given AAAA records because the server is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed to check for A records.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Some AAAA records are given to IPv4 clients in glue records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 clients that are servers can then erroneously
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answer requests for AAAA records received via IPv4.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identical to <span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>,
f02216f5b390ff0a589fa080f29350fd7794bf5cMark Andrews except it filters AAAA responses to queries from IPv6
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater clients instead of IPv4 clients. To filter all
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater responses, set both options to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and the server loads a new
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater version of a master zone from its zone file or receives a
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater new version of a slave file via zone transfer, it will
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater compare the new version to the previous one and calculate
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater a set of differences. The differences are then logged in
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater the zone's journal file such that the changes can be
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater transmitted to downstream slaves as an incremental zone
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews By allowing incremental zone transfers to be used for
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews non-dynamic zones, this option saves bandwidth at the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews expense of increased CPU and memory consumption at the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews In particular, if the new version of a zone is completely
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews different from the previous one, the set of differences
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be of a size comparable to the combined size of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein old and new zone version, and the server will need to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein temporarily allocate memory to hold this complete
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein difference set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also accepts <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> at the view and options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein levels which causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> to be enabled for
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews all <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> or
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones respectively.
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User It is off by default.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater addresses refer to different machines. If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews when the serial number on the master is less than what <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater has. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
299e3f18eb4f9297e6f06ca373806b07bec13a02Tinderbox User Enable DNSSEC support in <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. Unless set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
299e3f18eb4f9297e6f06ca373806b07bec13a02Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> behaves as if it does not support DNSSEC.
299e3f18eb4f9297e6f06ca373806b07bec13a02Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Enable DNSSEC validation in <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Note <span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> to be effective.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, DNSSEC validation
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews is disabled. If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews DNSSEC validation is enabled, and a default
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews trust-anchor for the DNS root zone is used. If set to
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, DNSSEC validation is enabled,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews but a trust anchor must be manually configured using
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> or
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement. The default
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span></span></dt>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews Accept expired signatures when verifying DNSSEC signatures.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User Setting this option to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User leaves <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> vulnerable to
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User replay attacks.
299e3f18eb4f9297e6f06ca373806b07bec13a02Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span></span></dt>
299e3f18eb4f9297e6f06ca373806b07bec13a02Tinderbox User Specify whether query logging should be started when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> is not specified,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews then the query logging
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews is determined by the presence of the logging category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span>.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews This option is used to restrict the character set and syntax
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews from the network. The default varies according to usage
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones the default
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater For answers received from the network (<span><strong class="command">response</strong></span>)
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the default is <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The rules for legal hostnames and mail domains are derived
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater from RFC 952 and RFC 821 as modified by RFC 1123.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater applies to the owner names of A, AAAA and MX records.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater It also applies to the domain names in the RDATA of NS, SOA,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater MX, and SRV records.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater It also applies to the RDATA of PTR records where the owner
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater name indicated that it is a reverse lookup of a hostname
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater (the owner name ends in IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA, or IP6.INT).
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-dup-records</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Check master zones for records that are treated as different
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater by DNSSEC but are semantically equal in plain DNS. The
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>. Other possible
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater values are <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span> and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Check whether the MX record appears to refer to a IP address.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>. Other possible
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater values are <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span> and
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater This option is used to check for non-terminal wildcards.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The use of non-terminal wildcards is almost always as a
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater result of a failure
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034).
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater affects master zones. The default (<span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>) is to check
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater for non-terminal wildcards and issue a warning.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater Perform post load zone integrity checks on master
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater zones. This checks that MX and SRV records refer
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater to address (A or AAAA) records and that glue
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater address records exist for delegated zones. For
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater MX and SRV records only in-zone hostnames are
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater checked (for out-of-zone hostnames use
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>).
77b7c54f1aa220a2f806b5883161c3027f62b1dbTinderbox User For NS records only names below top of zone are
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater checked (for out-of-zone names and glue consistency
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater checks use <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>).
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews The use of the SPF record for publishing Sender
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews Policy Framework is deprecated as the migration
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews from using TXT records to SPF records was abandoned.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Enabling this option also checks that a TXT Sender
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Policy Framework record exists (starts with "v=spf1")
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews if there is an SPF record. Warnings are emitted if the
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater TXT record does not exist and can be suppressed with
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">check-spf</strong></span>.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater fail, warn or ignore MX records that refer
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-srv-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater fail, warn or ignore SRV records that refer
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater When performing integrity checks, also check that
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater sibling glue exists. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-spf</strong></span></span></dt>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater check that there is a TXT Sender Policy Framework
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record present (starts with "v=spf1") if there is an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SPF record present. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When returning authoritative negative responses to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SOA queries set the TTL of the SOA record returned in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the authority section to zero.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When caching a negative response to a SOA query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the TTL to zero.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When set to the default value of <code class="literal">yes</code>,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews check the KSK bit in each key to determine how the key
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews should be used when generating RRSIGs for a secure zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Ordinarily, zone-signing keys (that is, keys without the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein KSK bit set) are used to sign the entire zone, while
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key-signing keys (keys with the KSK bit set) are only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, if this option is set to <code class="literal">no</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then the KSK bit is ignored; KSKs are treated as if they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein were ZSKs and are used to sign the entire zone. This is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein similar to the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone -z</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When this option is set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be at least two active keys for every algorithm
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein represented in the DNSKEY RRset: at least one KSK and one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ZSK per algorithm. If there is any algorithm for which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this requirement is not met, this option will be ignored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for that algorithm.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When this option and <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User are both set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, only key-signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys (that is, keys with the KSK bit set) will be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex. Zone-signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys (keys without the KSK bit set) will be used to sign
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the remainder of the zone, but not the DNSKEY RRset.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is similar to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone -x</strong></span> command line option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span> is set to
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <code class="literal">no</code>, this option is ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews When a zone is configured with <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maintain;</strong></span> its key repository must be checked
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein periodically to see if any new keys have been added
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or any existing keys' timing metadata has been updated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></span>(8)</a> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></span>(8)</a>). The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sets the frequency of automatic repository checks, in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default is <code class="literal">60</code> (1 hour),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the minimum is <code class="literal">1</code> (1 minute), and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum is <code class="literal">1440</code> (24 hours); any higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is silently reduced.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Try to refresh the zone using TCP if UDP queries fail.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For BIND 8 compatibility, the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow a dynamic zone to transition from secure to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein insecure (i.e., signed to unsigned) by deleting all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the DNSKEY records. The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, and if the DNSKEY RRset
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at the zone apex is deleted, all RRSIG and NSEC records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be removed from the zone as well.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the zone uses NSEC3, then it is also necessary to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delete the NSEC3PARAM RRset from the zone apex; this will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause the removal of all corresponding NSEC3 records.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews (It is expected that this requirement will be eliminated
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews in a future release.)
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews Note that if a zone has been configured with
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec maintain</strong></span> and the
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews private keys remain accessible in the key repository,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then the zone will be automatically signed again the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein next time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is started.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2584288"></a>Forwarding</h4></div></div></div>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews name servers. It can also be used to allow queries by servers that
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews do not have direct access to the Internet, but wish to look up
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews names anyway. Forwarding occurs only on those queries for which
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews the server is not authoritative and does not have the answer in
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User This option is only meaningful if the
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User forwarders list is not empty. A value of <code class="varname">first</code>,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews the default, causes the server to query the forwarders
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews first — and
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews if that doesn't answer the question, the server will then
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews the answer itself. If <code class="varname">only</code> is
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews specified, the
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews server will only query the forwarders.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies the IP addresses to be used
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews for forwarding. The default is the empty list (no
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews forwarding).
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Forwarding can also be configured on a per-domain basis, allowing
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews for the global forwarding options to be overridden in a variety
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews of ways. You can set particular domains to use different
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews or have a different <span><strong class="command">forward only/first</strong></span> behavior,
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews or not forward at all, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews Statement Grammar”</a>.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews<a name="id2584346"></a>Dual-stack Servers</h4></div></div></div>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews problems in reachability due the lack of support for either IPv4
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews on the host machine.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span></span></dt>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews Specifies host names or addresses of machines with access to
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews both IPv4 and IPv6 transports. If a hostname is used, the
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews server must be able
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews to resolve the name using only the transport it has. If the
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews machine is dual
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews stacked, then the <span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span> have no effect unless
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews access to a transport has been disabled on the command line
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews (e.g. <span><strong class="command">named -4</strong></span>).
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<a name="access_control"></a>Access Control</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Access to the server can be restricted based on the IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the requesting system. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a> for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein details on how to specify IP address lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein notify this server, a slave, of zone changes in addition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the zone masters.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> may also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement, in which case
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. It is only meaningful
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a slave zone. If not specified, the default is to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein process notify messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only from a zone's master.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to ask ordinary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS questions. <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which case it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-query</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from all hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is now
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to specify access to the cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which local addresses can accept ordinary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS questions. This makes it possible, for instance,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to allow queries on internal-facing interfaces but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disallow them on external-facing ones, without
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein necessarily knowing the internal network's addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> is only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked for queries that are permitted by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>. A query must be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed by both ACLs, or it will be refused.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which case it overrides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options allow-query-on</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on all addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater used to specify access to the cache.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Specifies which hosts are allowed to get answers
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User from the cache. If <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User is not set then <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User is used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User is used if set unless <span><strong class="command">recursion no;</strong></span> is
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User set in which case <span><strong class="command">none;</strong></span> is used,
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User otherwise the default (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Specifies which local addresses can give answers
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User from the cache. If not specified, the default is
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User to allow cache queries on any address,
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span> and
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Specifies which hosts are allowed to make recursive
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User queries through this server. If
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span> is not set
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User then <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User is used if set, otherwise the default
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Specifies which local addresses can accept recursive
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User queries. If not specified, the default is to allow
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User recursive queries on all addresses.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Specifies which hosts are allowed to
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User submit Dynamic DNS updates for master zones. The default is
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User updates from all hosts. Note that allowing updates based
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User on the requestor's IP address is insecure; see
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a> for details.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Specifies which hosts are allowed to
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User submit Dynamic DNS updates to slave zones to be forwarded to
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater master. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong>,
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User means that no update forwarding will be performed. To
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater update forwarding, specify
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>allow-update-forwarding { any; };</code></strong>.
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater Specifying values other than <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>{ any; }</code></strong> is usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein counterproductive, since
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the responsibility for update access control should rest
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User master server, not the slaves.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that enabling the update forwarding feature on a slave
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User may expose master servers relying on insecure IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein access control to attacks; see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for more details.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-v6-synthesis</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was introduced for the smooth transition from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to A6 and from "nibble labels" to binary labels.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce However, since both A6 and binary labels were then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this option was also deprecated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is now ignored with some warning messages.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein receive zone transfers from the server. <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> may
24e79a68e1b16324e17364fcd8959379ff6e20e9Mark Andrews also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options allow-transfer</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow transfers to all
f9aef05653eeb454c489d5bd2bde6daab774ad4aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a list of addresses that the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server will not accept queries from or use to resolve a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query. Queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from these addresses will not be responded to. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a list of addresses to which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is applies. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>any</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">no-case-compress</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a list of addresses which require responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to use case-insensitive compression. This ACL can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> needs to work with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients that do not comply with the requirement in RFC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1034 to use case-insensitive name comparisons when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checking for matching domain names.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If left undefined, the ACL defaults to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>: case-insensitive compression
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be used for all clients. If the ACL is defined and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matches a client, then case will be ignored when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compressing domain names in DNS responses sent to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This can result in slightly smaller responses: if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a response contains the names "example.com" and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "example.COM", case-insensitive compression would treat
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the second one as a duplicate. It also ensures
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that the case of the query name exactly matches the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein case of the owner names of returned records, rather
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than matching the case of the records entered in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone file. This allows responses to exactly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match the query, which is required by some clients
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein due to incorrect use of case-sensitive comparisons.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Case-insensitive compression is <span class="emphasis"><em>always</em></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used in AXFR and IXFR responses, regardless of whether
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the client matches this ACL.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are circumstances in which <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will not preserve the case of owner names of records:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if a zone file defines records of different types with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the same name, but the capitalization of the name is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "WWW.EXAMPLE.COM/AAAA"), then all responses for that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name will use the <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> version
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of the name that was used in the zone file. This
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater limitation may be addressed in a future release. However,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain names specified in the rdata of resource records
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater (i.e., records of type NS, MX, CNAME, etc) will always
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater have their case preserved unless the client matches this
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">resolver-query-timeout</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The amount of time the resolver will spend attempting
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to resolve a recursive query before failing. The default
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and minimum is <code class="literal">10</code> and the maximum is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">30</code>. Setting it to <code class="literal">0</code>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater will result in the default being used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<a name="id2585089"></a>Interfaces</h4></div></div></div>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater from may be specified using the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option. <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> takes
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater an optional port and an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of IPv4 addresses. (IPv6 addresses are ignored, with a
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater logged warning.)
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The server will listen on all interfaces allowed by the address
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater match list. If a port is not specified, port 53 will be used.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statements are
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">listen-on { 5.6.7.8; };
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater will enable the name server on port 53 for the IP address
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater 5.6.7.8, and on port 1234 of an address on the machine in net
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater 1.2 that is not 1.2.3.4.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> is specified, the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater server will listen on port 53 on all IPv4 interfaces.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is used to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater specify the interfaces and the ports on which the server will
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater listen for incoming queries sent using IPv6. If not specified,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the server will listen on port 53 on all IPv6 interfaces.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater as the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> for the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the server does not bind a separate socket to each IPv6 interface
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater address as it does for IPv4 if the operating system has enough API
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater support for IPv6 (specifically if it conforms to RFC 3493 and RFC
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Instead, it listens on the IPv6 wildcard address.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If the system only has incomplete API support for IPv6, however,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the behavior is the same as that for IPv4.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A list of particular IPv6 addresses can also be specified, in
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the server listens on a separate socket for each specified
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater regardless of whether the desired API is supported by the system.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater IPv4 addresses specified in <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater will be ignored, with a logged warning.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> options can
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { any; };
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrewslisten-on-v6 port 1234 { !2001:db8::/32; any; };
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews will enable the name server on port 53 for any IPv6 addresses
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews (with a single wildcard socket),
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and on port 1234 of IPv6 addresses that is not in the prefix
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews 2001:db8::/32 (with separate sockets for each matched address.)
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater To make the server not listen on any IPv6 address, use
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { none; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="query_address"></a>Query Address</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the server doesn't know the answer to a question, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query other name servers. <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the address and port used for such queries. For queries sent over
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6, there is a separate <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">address</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> (asterisk) or is omitted,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews a wildcard IP address (<span><strong class="command">INADDR_ANY</strong></span>)
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews will be used.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> or is omitted,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews a random port number from a pre-configured
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews range is picked up and will be used for each query.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The port range(s) is that specified in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv4)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv6)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options, excluding the ranges specified in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options, respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The defaults of the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">query-source address * port *;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinquery-source-v6 address * port *;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> or
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> is unspecified,
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will check if the operating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system provides a programming interface to retrieve the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system's default range for ephemeral ports.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If such an interface is available,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will use the corresponding system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default range; otherwise, it will use its own defaults:
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">use-v4-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updateruse-v6-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Note: make sure the ranges be sufficiently large for
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater security. A desirable size depends on various parameters,
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater but we generally recommend it contain at least 16384 ports
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater (14 bits of entropy).
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater Note also that the system's default range when used may be
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater too small for this purpose, and that the range may even be
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater changed while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running; the new
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater range will automatically be applied when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is encouraged to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configure <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> explicitly so that the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ranges are sufficiently large and are reasonably
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein independent from the ranges used by other applications.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: the operational configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein where <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs may prohibit the use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of some ports. For example, UNIX systems will not allow
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> running without a root privilege
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater to use ports less than 1024.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If such ports are included in the specified (or detected)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set of query ports, the corresponding query attempts will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail, resulting in resolution failures or delay.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is therefore important to configure the set of ports
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be safely used in the expected operational environment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The defaults of the <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">avoid-v4-udp-ports {};
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinavoid-v6-udp-ports {};
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: BIND 9.5.0 introduced
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option to support a pool of such random ports, but this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option is now obsolete because reusing the same ports in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the pool may not be sufficiently secure.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For the same reason, it is generally strongly discouraged to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify a particular port for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> options;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it implicitly disables the use of randomized port numbers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater This option is obsolete.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-ports</strong></span></span></dt>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater This option is obsolete.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span></span></dt>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater This option is obsolete.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater The address specified in the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> option
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater is used for both UDP and TCP queries, but the port applies only
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater to UDP queries. TCP queries always use a random
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater unprivileged port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See also <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_transfers"></a>Zone Transfers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> has mechanisms in place to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews facilitate zone transfers
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and set limits on the amount of load that transfers place on the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews system. The following options apply to zone transfers.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Defines a global list of IP addresses of name servers
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that are also sent NOTIFY messages whenever a fresh copy of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zone is loaded, in addition to the servers listed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone's NS records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This helps to ensure that copies of the zones will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein quickly converge on stealth servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Optionally, a port may be specified with each
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> address to send
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the notify messages to a port other than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default of 53.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An optional TSIG key can also be specified with each
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to cause the notify messages to be signed; this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be useful when sending notifies to multiple views.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In place of explicit addresses, one or more named
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> lists can be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If an <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is given in a <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will override
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">options also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. When a <span><strong class="command">zone notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>, the IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses in the global <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be sent NOTIFY messages for that zone. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list (no global notification list).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (1 hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The rate at which NOTIFY requests will be sent
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews during normal zone maintenance operations. (NOTIFY
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews requests due to initial zone loading are subject
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews to a separate rate limit; see below.) The default is
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews 20 per second.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">startup-notify-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rate at which NOTIFY requests will be sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the name server is first starting up, or when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones have been newly added to the nameserver.
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews The default is 20 per second.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Slave servers will periodically query master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers to find out if zone serial numbers have
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews changed. Each such query uses a minute amount of
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews the slave server's network bandwidth. To limit
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews the amount of bandwidth used, BIND 9 limits the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews rate at which queries are sent. The value of the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option, an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews integer, is the maximum number of queries sent
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews per second. The default is 20 per second.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span></span></dt>
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews In BIND 8, the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the maximum number of concurrent serial number queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed to be outstanding at any given time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein BIND 9 does not limit the number of outstanding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein serial queries and ignores the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it limits the rate at which the queries are sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as defined using the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers can be sent using two different formats,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the master server to determine which format it sends.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> uses one DNS message per
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews resource record transferred.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs as many resource
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews records as possible into a message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is more efficient, but is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only supported by relatively new slave servers,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein such as <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8.x and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.5 onwards.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> format is also supported by
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews recent Microsoft Windows nameservers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> may be overridden on a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews that can be running concurrently. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span> may
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews speed up the convergence
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews of slave zones, but it also may increase the load on the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews local system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of outbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. Zone transfer requests in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the limit will be refused. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater that can be concurrently transferring from a given remote
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The default value is <code class="literal">2</code>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater speed up the convergence of slave zones, but it also may
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the load on the remote name server. <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> may
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater be overridden on a per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> phrase
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater determines which local address will be bound to IPv4
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater TCP connections used to fetch zones transferred
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater inbound by the server. It also determines the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater source IPv4 address, and optionally the UDP port,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater used for the refresh queries and forwarded dynamic
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater updates. If not set, it defaults to a system
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater controlled value which will usually be the address
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of the interface "closest to" the remote end. This
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater address must appear in the remote end's
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> option for the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater zone being transferred, if one is specified. This
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater statement sets the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> for all zones,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater but can be overridden on a per-view or per-zone
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater basis by including a
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> statement within
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> or
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> block in the configuration
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The same as <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except zone transfers are performed using IPv6.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you do not wish the alternate transfer source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used, you should set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appropriately and you should not depend upon
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein getting an answer back to the first refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Use the alternate transfer sources or not. If views are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified this defaults to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise it defaults to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> (for BIND 8
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compatibility).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determines which local source address, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein optionally UDP port, will be used to send NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages. This address must appear in the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> zone clause or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in an <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> clause. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement sets the <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all zones, but can be overridden on a per-zone or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-view basis by including a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> statement within
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Like <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but applies to notify messages sent to IPv6 addresses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2586380"></a>UDP Port Lists</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify a list of IPv4 and IPv6 UDP ports that will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used or not used as source ports for UDP messages.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#query_address" title="Query Address">the section called “Query Address”</a> about how the
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User available ports are determined.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User For example, with the following configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinuse-v6-udp-ports { range 32768 65535; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinavoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein UDP ports of IPv6 messages sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will be in one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the following ranges: 32768 to 39999, 40001 to 49999,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and 60001 to 65535.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to prevent <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> from choosing as its random source port a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein port that is blocked by your firewall or a port that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used by other applications;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if a query went out with a source port blocked by a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein firewall, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answer would not get by the firewall and the name server would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have to query again.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: the desired range can also be represented only with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">avoid-</strong></span> options are redundant in that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sense; they are provided for backward compatibility and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to possibly simplify the port specification.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater<a name="id2586440"></a>Operating System Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater The server's usage of many system resources can be limited.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater Scaled values are allowed when specifying resource limits. For
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater example, <span><strong class="command">1G</strong></span> can be used instead of
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">1073741824</strong></span> to specify a limit of
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater gigabyte. <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> requests
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater unlimited use, or the
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater maximum available amount. <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span>
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater uses the limit
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater that was in force when the server was started. See the description
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater of <span><strong class="command">size_spec</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements" title="Configuration File Elements">the section called “Configuration File Elements”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following options set operating system resource limits for
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater the name server process. Some operating systems don't support
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User any of the limits. On such systems, a warning will be issued if
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User unsupported limit is used.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">coresize</strong></span></span></dt>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User The maximum size of a core dump. The default
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">datasize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of data memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is a hard limit on server memory usage.
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User If the server attempts to allocate memory in excess of this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limit, the allocation will fail, which may in turn leave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server unable to perform DNS service. Therefore,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this option is rarely useful as a way of limiting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein amount of memory used by the server, but it can be used
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User to raise an operating system data size limit that is
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User too small by default. If you wish to limit the amount
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User of memory used by the server, use the
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options instead.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">files</strong></span></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User The maximum number of files the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may have open concurrently. The default is <code class="literal">unlimited</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">stacksize</strong></span></span></dt>
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater The maximum amount of stack memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="server_resource_limits"></a>Server Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following options set limits on the server's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource consumption that are enforced internally by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server rather than the operating system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ixfr-log-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete; it is accepted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and ignored for BIND 8 compatibility. The option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> performs a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein similar function in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets a maximum size for each journal file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#journal" title="The journal file">the section called “The journal file”</a>). When the journal file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the specified size, some of the oldest transactions in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be automatically removed. The largest permitted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is 2 gigabytes. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">unlimited</code>, which also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means 2 gigabytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This may also be set on a per-zone basis.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics-max</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, specifies the maximum number of host statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entries to be kept.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of simultaneous recursive lookups
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server will perform on behalf of clients. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">1000</code>. Because each recursing
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews client uses a fair
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein bit of memory, on the order of 20 kilobytes, the value of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span> option may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have to be decreased
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on hosts with limited memory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of simultaneous client TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connections that the server will accept.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <code class="literal">100</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">reserved-sockets</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of file descriptors reserved for TCP, stdio,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein etc. This needs to be big enough to cover the number of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> listens on, <span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span> as well as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to provide room for outgoing TCP queries and incoming zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers. The default is <code class="literal">512</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The minimum value is <code class="literal">128</code> and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum value is <code class="literal">128</code> less than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maxsockets (-S). This option may be removed in the future.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option has little effect on Windows.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of memory to use for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's cache, in bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the amount of data in the cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reaches this limit, the server will cause records to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire prematurely based on an LRU based strategy so
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that the limit is not exceeded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The keyword <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the value 0, will place no limit on cache size;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records will be purged from the cache only when their
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TTLs expire.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Any positive values less than 2MB will be ignored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and reset to 2MB.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separately to the cache of each view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-listen-queue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The listen queue depth. The default and minimum is 10.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the kernel supports the accept filter "dataready" this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also controls how
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein many TCP connections that will be queued in kernel space
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein some data before being passed to accept. Nonzero values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein less than 10 will be silently raised. A value of 0 may also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used; on most platforms this sets the listen queue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein length to a system-defined default value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2586797"></a>Periodic Task Intervals</h4></div></div></div>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This interval is effectively obsolete. Previously,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server would remove expired resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the cache every <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 now manages cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein memory in a more sophisticated manner and does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rely on the periodic cleaning any more.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying this option therefore has no effect on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server's behavior.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will perform zone maintenance tasks
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all zones marked as <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> whenever this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interval expires. The default is 60 minutes. Reasonable
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are up
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to 1 day (1440 minutes). The maximum value is 28 days
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no zone maintenance for these zones will occur.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will scan the network interface list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is 60 minutes. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, interface scanning will only occur when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the configuration file is loaded. After the scan, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begin listening for queries on any newly discovered
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces (provided they are allowed by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> configuration), and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop listening on interfaces that have gone away.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Name server statistics will be logged
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 60. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no statistics will be logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not yet implemented in
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<a name="topology"></a>Topology</h4></div></div></div>
4e243fdc6b33a6371208b48d64912d8e327b4f5cAndreas Gustafsson All other things being equal, when the server chooses a name
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater to query from a list of name servers, it prefers the one that is
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater topologically closest to itself. The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce takes an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater in a special way. Each top-level list element is assigned a
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Non-negated elements get a distance based on their position in the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater list, where the closer the match is to the start of the list, the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater shorter the distance is between it and the server. A negated match
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater will be assigned the maximum distance from the server. If there
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce is no match, the address will get a distance which is further than
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater any non-negated list element, and closer than any negated element.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer servers on network 10 the most, followed by hosts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on network 1.2.0.0 (netmask 255.255.0.0) and network 3, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exception of hosts on network 1.2.3 (netmask 255.255.255.0), which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is preferred least of all.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default topology is
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<pre class="programlisting"> topology { localhost; localnets; };
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_sortlist_statement"></a>The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The response to a DNS query may consist of multiple resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records (RRs) forming a resource records set (RRset).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name server will normally return the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs within the RRset in an indeterminate order
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (but see the <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The client resolver code should rearrange the RRs as appropriate,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that is, using any addresses on the local net in preference to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein other addresses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews However, not all resolvers can do this or are correctly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a client is using a local server, the sorting can be performed
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews in the server, based on the client's address. This only requires
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews configuring the name servers, not all the clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement (see below)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interprets it even
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein more specifically than the <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein does (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#topology" title="Topology">the section called “Topology”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each top level statement in the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein itself be an explicit <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one or two elements. The first element (which may be an IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an IP prefix, an ACL name or a nested <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of each top level list is checked against the source address of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the query until a match is found.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once the source address of the query has been matched, if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level statement contains only one element, the actual
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element that matched the source address is used to select the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the response to move to the beginning of the response. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is a list of two elements, then the second element is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treated the same as the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement. Each top
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level element
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assigned a distance and the address in the response with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein distance is moved to the beginning of the response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the following example, any queries received from any of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the addresses of the host itself will get responses preferring
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on any of the locally connected networks. Next most preferred are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the 192.168.1/24 network, and after that either the
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater 192.168.3/24 network with no preference shown between these two
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt networks. Queries received from a host on the 192.168.1/24 network
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt will prefer other addresses on that network to the 192.168.2/24
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater 192.168.3/24 networks. Queries received from a host on the
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater or the 192.168.5/24 network will only prefer other addresses on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein their directly connected networks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF the local host
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // THEN first fit on the following nets
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localhost;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localnets;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce // IF on class C 192.168.1 THEN use .1, or .2 or .3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.2 THEN use .2, or .1 or .3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.3 THEN use .3, or .1 or .2
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater // IF .4 or .5 THEN prefer that net
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following example will give reasonable behavior for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local host and hosts on directly connected networks. It is similar
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the behavior of the address sort in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.x. Responses sent
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater to queries from the local host will favor any of the directly
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater networks. Responses sent to queries from any other hosts on a
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater connected network will prefer addresses on that same network.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to other queries will not be sorted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localhost; localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="rrset_ordering"></a>RRset Ordering</h4></div></div></div>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews When multiple records are returned in an answer it may be
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews useful to configure the order of the records placed into the
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement permits
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater of the ordering of the records in a multiple record response.
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater See also the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement,
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a>.
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater An <span><strong class="command">order_spec</strong></span> is defined as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">class <em class="replaceable"><code>class_name</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">type <em class="replaceable"><code>type_name</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">name <em class="replaceable"><code>"domain_name"</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order <em class="replaceable"><code>ordering</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no class is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no type is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no name is specified, the default is "<span><strong class="command">*</strong></span>" (asterisk).
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews The legal values for <span><strong class="command">ordering</strong></span> are:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">fixed</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in the order they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are defined in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">random</strong></span></p>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Records are returned in some random order.
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span></p>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Records are returned in a cyclic round-robin order.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater If <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> is configured with the
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater "--enable-fixed-rrset" option at compile time, then
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater the initial ordering of the RRset will match the
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater one specified in the zone file.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater class IN type A name "host.example.com" order random;
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater will cause any responses for type A records in class IN that
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater have "<code class="literal">host.example.com</code>" as a
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater suffix, to always be returned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in random order. All other records are returned in cyclic order.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater If multiple <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statements
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater appear, they are not combined — the last one applies.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater By default, all records are returned in random order.
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater In this release of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement does not support
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater "fixed" ordering by default. Fixed ordering can be enabled
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater at compile time by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" on
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater the "configure" command line.
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<a name="tuning"></a>Tuning</h4></div></div></div>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">lame-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User Sets the number of seconds to cache a
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User lame server indication. 0 disables caching. (This is
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User <span class="bold"><strong>NOT</strong></span> recommended.)
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User The default is <code class="literal">600</code> (10 minutes) and the
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User maximum value is
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User <code class="literal">1800</code> (30 minutes).
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">servfail-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the number of seconds to cache a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SERVFAIL response due to DNSSEC validation failure or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein other general server failure. If set to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">0</code>, SERVFAIL caching is disabled.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The SERVFAIL cache is not consulted if a query has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the CD (Checking Disabled) bit set; this allows a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query that failed due to DNSSEC validation to be retried
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein without waiting for the SERVFAIL TTL to expire.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum value is <code class="literal">300</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (5 minutes); any higher value will be silently
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reduced. The default is <code class="literal">10</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To reduce network traffic and increase performance,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server stores negative answers. <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to set a maximum retention time for these answers in
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater in seconds. The default
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is <code class="literal">10800</code> seconds (3 hours).
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> cannot exceed
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater 7 days and will
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater be silently truncated to 7 days if set to a greater value.
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum time for which the server will
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater cache ordinary (positive) answers. The default is
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater one week (7 days).
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User A value of zero may cause all queries to return
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User SERVFAIL, because of lost caches of intermediate
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User RRsets (such as NS and glue AAAA/A records) in the
87ff79ee66e85519d7f75195a5345e5f5e09c895Automatic Updater resolution process.
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-roots</strong></span></span></dt>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The minimum number of root servers that
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User is required for a request for the root servers to be
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User accepted. The default
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User is <strong class="userinput"><code>2</code></strong>.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Specifies the number of days into the future when
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User DNSSEC signatures automatically generated as a
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User result of dynamic updates (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dynamic_update" title="Dynamic Update">the section called “Dynamic Update”</a>) will expire. There
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User is an optional second field which specifies how
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User long before expiry that the signatures will be
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User regenerated. If not specified, the signatures will
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User be regenerated at 1/4 of base interval. The second
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User field is specified in days if the base interval is
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User greater than 7 days otherwise it is specified in hours.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The default base interval is <code class="literal">30</code> days
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User giving a re-signing interval of 7 1/2 days. The maximum
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User values are 10 years (3660 days).
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater The signature inception time is unconditionally
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater set to one hour before the current time to allow
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User for a limited amount of clock skew.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span>
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User should be, at least, several multiples of the SOA
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User expire interval to allow for reasonable interaction
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater between the various timer and expiry dates.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater Specify the maximum number of nodes to be
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater examined in each quantum when signing a zone with
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater a new DNSKEY. The default is
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Specify a threshold number of signatures that
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User will terminate processing a quantum when signing
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User a zone with a new DNSKEY. The default is
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater Specify a private RDATA type to be used when generating
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater signing state records. The default is
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater It is expected that this parameter may be removed
f7b2875691497b292eacb60609be23a813d14e63Automatic Updater in a future version once there is a standard type.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater Signing state records are used to internally by
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to track the current state of
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater a zone-signing process, i.e., whether it is still active
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater or has been completed. The records can be inspected
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews using the command
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">rndc signing -list <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Once <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> has finished signing
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater a zone with a particular key, the signing state
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater record associated with that key can be removed from
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater the zone by running
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc signing -clear <em class="replaceable"><code>keyid/algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater To clear all of the completed signing state
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater records for a zone, use
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc signing -clear all <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews These options control the server's behavior on refreshing a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (querying for SOA changes) or retrying failed transfers.
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User Usually the SOA values for the zone are used, but these
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User are set by the master, giving slave server administrators
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User control over their contents.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews These options allow the administrator to set a minimum and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews refresh and retry time either per-zone, per-view, or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews These options are valid for slave and stub zones,
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater and clamp the SOA refresh and retry times to the specified
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews The following defaults apply.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span> 300 seconds,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span> 2419200 seconds
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews (4 weeks), <span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span> 500 seconds,
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater and <span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span> 1209600 seconds
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews Sets the initial advertised EDNS UDP buffer size in
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews bytes, to control the size of packets received from
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater authoritative servers in response to recursive queries.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this range
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews will be silently adjusted to the nearest value within
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews it). The default value is 4096.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews The usual reason for setting
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default value
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews is to get UDP answers to pass through broken firewalls
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews that block fragmented packets and/or block UDP DNS
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews When <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> first queries a remote
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews server, it will advertise a UDP buffer size of 512, as
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews this has the greatest chance of success on the first try.
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews If the initial response times out, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater will try again with plain DNS, and if that is successful,
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater it will be taken as evidence that the server does not
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews support EDNS. After enough failures using EDNS and
4a5d8786edaff5f9f022c117b4da084bcb4a0b71Automatic Updater successes using plain DNS, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater will default to plain DNS for future communications
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater with that server. (Periodically, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater will send an EDNS query to see if the situation has
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User However, if the initial query is successful with
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User EDNS advertising a buffer size of 512, then
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will advertise progressively
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User larger buffer sizes on successive queries, until
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User responses begin timing out or
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> is reached.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User The default buffer sizes used by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User are 512, 1232, 1432, and 4096, but never exceeding
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span>. (The values 1232 and
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User 1432 are chosen to allow for an IPv4/IPv6 encapsulated
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User UDP message to be sent without fragmentation at the
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User minimum MTU sizes for Ethernet and IPv6 networks.)
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User Sets the maximum EDNS UDP message size
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will send in bytes.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User range will be silently adjusted to the nearest
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User value within it). The default value is 4096.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User This value applies to responses sent by a server; to
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User set the advertised buffer size in queries, see
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span>.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User The usual reason for setting
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User firewalls that block fragmented packets and/or
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User This is independent of the advertised receive
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User buffer (<span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting this to a low value will encourage additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TCP traffic to the nameserver.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the file format of zone files (see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format" title="Additional File Formats">the section called “Additional File Formats”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default value is <code class="constant">text</code>, which is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein standard textual representation, except for slave zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in which the default value is <code class="constant">raw</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Files in other formats than <code class="constant">text</code> are
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User typically expected to be generated by the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> tool, or dumped by
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Note that when a zone file in a different format than
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <code class="constant">text</code> is loaded, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User may omit some of the checks which would be performed for a
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User file in the <code class="constant">text</code> format. In particular,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span> checks do not apply
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User for the <code class="constant">raw</code> format. This means
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a zone file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be generated with the same check level as that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. Also, <code class="constant">map</code> format files are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loaded directly into memory via memory mapping, with only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minimal checking.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This statement sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> for all zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but can be overridden on a per-zone or per-view basis
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by including a <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement within the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-style</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the formatting of zone files during dump
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the <code class="option">masterfile-format</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="constant">text</code>. (This option is ignored
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews with any other <code class="option">masterfile-format</code>.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When set to <code class="constant">relative</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records are printed in a multi-line format with owner
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein names expressed relative to a shared origin. When set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <code class="constant">full</code>, records are printed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a single-line format with absolute owner names.
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater The <code class="constant">full</code> format is most suitable
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater when a zone file needs to be processed automatically
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater by a script. The <code class="constant">relative</code> format
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater is more human-readable, and is thus suitable when a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is to be edited by hand. The default is
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<a name="clients-per-query"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>These set the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein initial value (minimum) and maximum number of recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein simultaneous clients for any given query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<qname,qtype,qclass>) that the server will accept
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews before dropping additional clients.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews self tune this value and changes will be logged. The
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews default values are 10 and 100.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews This value should reflect how many queries come in for
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater a given name in the time it takes to resolve that name.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User If the number of queries exceed this value, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater assume that it is dealing with a non-responsive zone
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater and will drop additional queries. If it gets a response
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater after dropping queries, it will raise the estimate. The
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews estimate will then be lowered in 20 minutes if it has
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews remained unchanged.
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews then there is no limit on the number of clients per query
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews and no queries will be dropped.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater then there is no upper bound other than imposed by
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater The delay, in seconds, between sending sets of notify
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater messages for a zone. The default is five (5) seconds.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater The overall rate that NOTIFY messages are sent for all
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater zones is controlled by <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span>.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-rsa-exponent-size</strong></span></span></dt>
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater The maximum RSA exponent size, in bits, that will
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User be accepted when validating. Valid values are 35
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User to 4096 bits. The default zero (0) is also accepted
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User and is equivalent to 4096.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">prefetch</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User When a query is received for cached data which
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User is to expire shortly, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> can
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User refresh the data from the authoritative server
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User immediately, ensuring that the cache always has an
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User answer available.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User The <code class="option">prefetch</code> specifies the
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User "trigger" TTL value at which prefetch of the current
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User query will take place: when a cache record with a
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User lower TTL value is encountered during query processing,
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User it will be refreshed. Valid trigger TTL values are 1 to
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User 10 seconds. Values larger than 10 seconds will be silently
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User reduced to 10.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Setting a trigger TTL to zero (0) causes
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User prefetch to be disabled.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User The default trigger TTL is <code class="literal">2</code>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User An optional second argument specifies the "eligibility"
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User TTL: the smallest <span class="emphasis"><em>original</em></span>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User TTL value that will be accepted for a record to be
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User eligible for prefetching. The eligibility TTL must
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User be at least six seconds longer than the trigger TTL;
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User if it isn't, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will silently
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User adjust it upward.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User The default eligibility TTL is <code class="literal">9</code>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<a name="builtin"></a>Built-in server information zones</h4></div></div></div>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User The server provides some helpful diagnostic information
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User through a number of built-in zones under the
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User pseudo-top-level-domain <code class="literal">bind</code> in the
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> class. These zones are part
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User built-in view (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar" title="view Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>) of
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> which is separate from the
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User default view of class <span><strong class="command">IN</strong></span>. Most global
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User configuration options (<span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>,
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User etc) will apply to this view, but some are locally
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User overridden: <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span>,
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span> and
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">allow-new-zones</strong></span> are
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User always set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, and
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> is set to allow
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User three responses per second.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User If you need to disable these zones, use the options
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User below, or hide the built-in <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater defining an explicit view of class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews that matches all clients.
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">version</strong></span></span></dt>
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater The version the server should report
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews via a query of the name <code class="literal">version.bind</code>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater The default is the real version number of this server.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Specifying <span><strong class="command">version none</strong></span>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews disables processing of the queries.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">hostname</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The hostname the server should report via a query of
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews the name <code class="filename">hostname.bind</code>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews This defaults to the hostname of the machine hosting the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews name server as
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews found by the gethostname() function. The primary purpose of such queries
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">hostname none;</strong></span>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews disables processing of the queries.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews The ID the server should report when receiving a Name
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Server Identifier (NSID) query, or a query of the name
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <code class="filename">ID.SERVER</code> with type
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The primary purpose of such queries is to
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id none;</strong></span>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews disables processing of the queries.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id hostname;</strong></span> will cause <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews use the hostname as found by the gethostname() function.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The default <span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<a name="empty"></a>Built-in Empty Zones</h4></div></div></div>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server has some built-in
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews empty zones (SOA and NS records only).
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews These are for zones that should normally be answered locally
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews and which queries should not be sent to the Internet's root
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews servers. The official servers which cover these namespaces
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews return NXDOMAIN responses to these queries. In particular,
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews these cover the reverse namespaces for addresses from
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews RFC 1918, RFC 4193, RFC 5737 and RFC 6598. They also include the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews reverse namespace for IPv6 local address (locally assigned),
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews IPv6 link local addresses, the IPv6 loopback address and the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews IPv6 unknown address.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The server will attempt to determine if a built-in zone
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews already exists or is active (covered by a forward-only
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater forwarding declaration) and will not create an empty
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews zone in that case.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The current list of empty zones is:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
276e28f813ffef042d5a6e9f3373ef4e2ad37996Mark Andrews<li>1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Empty zones are settable at the view level and only apply to
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater views of class IN. Disabled empty zones are only inherited
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater from options if there are no disabled empty zones specified
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater at the view level. To override the options list of disabled
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater zones, you can disable the root zone at the view level, for example:
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater disable-empty-zone ".";
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If you are using the address ranges covered here, you should
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater already have reverse zones covering the addresses you use.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater In practice this appears to not be the case with many queries
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater being made to the infrastructure servers for names in these
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater spaces. So many in fact that sacrificial servers were needed
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater to be deployed to channel the query load away from the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater infrastructure servers.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The real parent servers for these zones should disable all
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater empty zone under the parent zone they serve. For the real
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater root servers, this is all built-in empty zones. This will
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater enable them to return referrals to deeper in the tree.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-server</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Specify what server name will appear in the returned
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the zone's name will be used.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-contact</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Specify what contact name will appear in the returned
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater "." will be used.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-zones-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Enable or disable all empty zones. By default, they
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-empty-zone</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Disable individual empty zones. By default, none are
e31a258ca6ef845faf483fa8f04921e8841d3213Tinderbox User disabled. This option can be specified multiple times.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="acache"></a>Additional Section Caching</h4></div></div></div>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The additional section cache, also called <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater is an internal cache to improve the response performance of BIND 9.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater When additional section caching is enabled, BIND 9 will
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater cache an internal short-cut to the additional section content for
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater each answer RR.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Note that <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is an internal caching
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater mechanism of BIND 9, and is not related to the DNS caching
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater server function.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Additional section caching does not change the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater response content (except the RRsets ordering of the additional
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater section, see below), but can improve the response performance
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater significantly.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater It is particularly effective when BIND 9 acts as an authoritative
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater server for a zone that has many delegations with many glue RRs.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater In order to obtain the maximum performance improvement
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater from additional section caching, setting
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> is recommended, since the current
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater implementation of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater does not short-cut of additional section information from the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater DNS cache data.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater One obvious disadvantage of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater that it requires much more
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater memory for the internal cached data.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Thus, if the response performance does not matter and memory
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater consumption is much more critical, the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> mechanism can be
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater disabled by setting <span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span> to
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater It is also possible to specify the upper limit of memory
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater for acache by using <span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Additional section caching also has a minor effect on the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater RRset ordering in the additional section.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Without <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span> order is effective for the additional
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater section as well as the answer and authority sections.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater However, additional section caching fixes the ordering when it
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater first caches an RRset for the additional section, and the same
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater ordering will be kept in succeeding responses, regardless of the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater setting of <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The effect of this should be minor, however, since an
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater RRset in the additional section
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater typically only contains a small number of RRs (and in many cases
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater it only contains a single RR), in which case the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater ordering does not matter much.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The following is a summary of options related to
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, additional section caching is
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater enabled. The default value is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The server will remove stale cache entries, based on an LRU
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater algorithm, every <span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater The default is 60 minutes.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater If set to 0, no periodic cleaning will occur.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The maximum amount of memory in bytes to use for the server's acache.
f0da471019f224ba88dc2f4b3f2209c6102855f6Automatic Updater When the amount of data in the acache reaches this limit,
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater will clean more aggressively so that the limit is not
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User separately to the
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User acache of each view.
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User The default is <code class="literal">16M</code>.
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater<a name="id2589628"></a>Content Filtering</h4></div></div></div>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides the ability to filter
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User out DNS responses from external DNS servers containing
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User certain types of data in the answer section.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Specifically, it can reject address (A or AAAA) records if
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the corresponding IPv4 or IPv6 addresses match the given
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It can also reject CNAME or DNAME records if the "alias"
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User name (i.e., the CNAME alias or the substituted query name
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User due to DNAME) matches the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User given <code class="varname">namelist</code> of the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span> option, where
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User "match" means the alias name is a subdomain of one of
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the <code class="varname">name_list</code> elements.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User If the optional <code class="varname">namelist</code> is specified
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User with <span><strong class="command">except-from</strong></span>, records whose query name
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User matches the list will be accepted regardless of the filter
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Likewise, if the alias name is a subdomain of the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User corresponding zone, the <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User filter will not apply;
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User for example, even if "example.com" is specified for
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">www.example.com. CNAME xxx.example.com.</pre>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User returned by an "example.com" server will be accepted.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User In the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option, only
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User are meaningful;
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User any <code class="varname">key_id</code> will be silently ignored.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User If a response message is rejected due to the filtering,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the entire message is discarded without being cached, and
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User a SERVFAIL error will be returned to the client.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User This filtering is intended to prevent "DNS rebinding attacks," in
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User which an attacker, in response to a query for a domain name the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User attacker controls, returns an IP address within your own network or
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User an alias name within your own domain.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User A naive web browser or script could then serve as an
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User unintended proxy, allowing the attacker
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User to get access to an internal node of your local network
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User that couldn't be externally accessed otherwise.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User See the paper available at
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <a href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1315245.1315298" target="_top">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1315245.1315298
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User for more details about the attacks.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User For example, if you own a domain named "example.net" and
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User your internal network uses an IPv4 prefix 192.0.2.0/24,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User you might specify the following rules:
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">deny-answer-addresses { 192.0.2.0/24; } except-from { "example.net"; };
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox Userdeny-answer-aliases { "example.net"; };
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User If an external attacker lets a web browser in your local
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User network look up an IPv4 address of "attacker.example.com",
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the attacker's DNS server would return a response like this:
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">attacker.example.com. A 192.0.2.1</pre>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User in the answer section.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Since the rdata of this record (the IPv4 address) matches
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the specified prefix 192.0.2.0/24, this response will be
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User On the other hand, if the browser looks up a legitimate
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User internal web server "www.example.net" and the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User following response is returned to
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 server
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">www.example.net. A 192.0.2.2</pre>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User it will be accepted since the owner name "www.example.net"
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater matches the <span><strong class="command">except-from</strong></span> element,
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Note that this is not really an attack on the DNS per se.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User In fact, there is nothing wrong for an "external" name to
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater be mapped to your "internal" IP address or domain name
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User from the DNS point of view.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater It might actually be provided for a legitimate purpose,
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater such as for debugging.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User As long as the mapping is provided by the correct owner,
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User it is not possible or does not make sense to detect
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater whether the intent of the mapping is legitimate or not
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater within the DNS.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The "rebinding" attack must primarily be protected at the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater application that uses the DNS.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater For a large site, however, it may be difficult to protect
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater all possible applications at once.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater This filtering feature is provided only to help such an
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User operational environment;
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User it is generally discouraged to turn it on unless you are
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User very sure you have no other choice and the attack is a
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User real threat for your applications.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Care should be particularly taken if you want to use this
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User option for addresses within 127.0.0.0/8.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User These addresses are obviously "internal", but many
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User applications conventionally rely on a DNS mapping from
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User some name to such an address.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Filtering out DNS records containing this address
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User spuriously can break such applications.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<a name="id2589754"></a>Response Policy Zone (RPZ) Rewriting</h4></div></div></div>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 includes a limited
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User mechanism to modify DNS responses for requests
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User analogous to email anti-spam DNS blacklists.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Responses can be changed to deny the existence of domains(NXDOMAIN),
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User deny the existence of IP addresses for domains (NODATA),
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User or contain other IP addresses or data.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Response policy zones are named in the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">response-policy</strong></span> option for the view or among the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User global options if there is no response-policy option for the view.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Response policy zones are ordinary DNS zones containing RRsets
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User that can be queried normally if allowed.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It is usually best to restrict those queries with something like
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">allow-query { localhost; };</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User A <span><strong class="command">response-policy</strong></span> option can support
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User multiple policy zones. To maximize performance, a radix
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User tree is used to quickly identify response policy zones
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User containing triggers that match the current query. This
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User imposes an upper limit of 32 on the number of policy zones
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User in a single <span><strong class="command">response-policy</strong></span> option; more
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User than that is a configuration error.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Five policy triggers can be encoded in RPZ records.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RPZ-CLIENT-IP</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IP records are triggered by the IP address of the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Client IP address triggers are encoded in records that have
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User owner names that are subdomains of
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">rpz-client-ip</strong></span> relativized to the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User policy zone origin name
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User and encode an address or address block.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IPv4 addresses are represented as
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>prefixlength.B4.B3.B2.B1.rpz-ip</code></strong>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The IPv4 prefix length must be between 1 and 32.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User All four bytes, B4, B3, B2, and B1, must be present.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User B4 is the decimal value of the least significant byte of the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IPv4 address as in IN-ADDR.ARPA.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IPv6 addresses are encoded in a format similar
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User to the standard IPv6 text representation,
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>prefixlength.W8.W7.W6.W5.W4.W3.W2.W1.rpz-ip</code></strong>.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Each of W8,...,W1 is a one to four digit hexadecimal number
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater representing 16 bits of the IPv6 address as in the standard
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User text representation of IPv6 addresses,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User but reversed as in IN-ADDR.ARPA.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User All 8 words must be present except when one set of consecutive
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User zero words is replaced with <strong class="userinput"><code>.zz.</code></strong>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User analogous to double colons (::) in standard IPv6 text
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The IPv6 prefix length must be between 64 and 128.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">QNAME</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User QNAME policy records are triggered by query names of
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User requests and targets of CNAME records resolved to generate
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the response.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The owner name of a QNAME policy record is
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the query name relativized to the policy zone.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RPZ-IP</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IP triggers are IP addresses in an
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User A or AAAA record in the ANSWER section of a response.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User They are encoded like client-IP triggers except as
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User subdomains of <span><strong class="command">rpz-ip</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RPZ-NSDNAME</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User NSDNAME triggers match names of authoritative servers
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User for the query name, a parent of the query name, a CNAME for
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User query name, or a parent of a CNAME.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User They are encoded as subdomains of
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">rpz-nsdname</strong></span> relativized
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User to the RPZ origin name.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User NSIP triggers match IP addresses in A and
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User AAAA RRsets for domains that can be checked against NSDNAME
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User policy records.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RPZ-NSIP</strong></span></span></dt>
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater NSIP triggers are encoded like IP triggers except as
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User subdomains of <span><strong class="command">rpz-nsip</strong></span>.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User NSDNAME and NSIP triggers are checked only for names with at
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User least <span><strong class="command">min-ns-dots</strong></span> dots.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The default value of <span><strong class="command">min-ns-dots</strong></span> is 1 to
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User exclude top level domains.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User The query response is checked against all response policy zones,
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User so two or more policy records can be triggered by a response.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Because DNS responses are rewritten according to at most one
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User policy record, a single record encoding an action (other than
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">DISABLED</strong></span> actions) must be chosen.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Triggers or the records that encode them are chosen for the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User rewriting in the following order:
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<li>Choose the triggered record in the zone that appears
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User first in the <span><strong class="command">response-policy</strong></span> option.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<li>Prefer CLIENT-IP to QNAME to IP to NSDNAME to NSIP
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User triggers in a single zone.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<li>Among NSDNAME triggers, prefer the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User trigger that matches the smallest name under the DNSSEC ordering.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<li>Among IP or NSIP triggers, prefer the trigger
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User with the longest prefix.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<li>Among triggers with the same prefex length,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User prefer the IP or NSIP trigger that matches
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the smallest IP address.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User When the processing of a response is restarted to resolve
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User DNAME or CNAME records and a policy record set has
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User not been triggered,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User all response policy zones are again consulted for the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User DNAME or CNAME names and addresses.
892503bd484c106493e3c8053155b364a522ec03Tinderbox User RPZ record sets are any types of DNS record except
892503bd484c106493e3c8053155b364a522ec03Tinderbox User DNAME or DNSSEC that encode actions or responses to
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User individual queries.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Any of the policies can be used with any of the triggers.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User For example, while the <span><strong class="command">TCP-only</strong></span> policy is
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User commonly used with <span><strong class="command">client-IP</strong></span> triggers,
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User it can be used with any type of trigger to force the use of
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User TCP for responses with owner names in a zone.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">PASSTHRU</strong></span></span></dt>
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater The whitelist policy is specified
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater by a CNAME whose target is <span><strong class="command">rpz-passthru</strong></span>.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater It causes the response to not be rewritten
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater and is most often used to "poke holes" in policies for
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">DROP</strong></span></span></dt>
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater The blacklist policy is specified
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater by a CNAME whose target is <span><strong class="command">rpz-drop</strong></span>.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater It causes the response to be discarded.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Nothing is sent to the DNS client.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">TCP-Only</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The "slip" policy is specified
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater by a CNAME whose target is <span><strong class="command">rpz-tcp-only</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It changes UDP responses to short, truncated DNS responses
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater that require the DNS client to try again with TCP.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater It is used to mitigate distributed DNS reflection attacks.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">NXDOMAIN</strong></span></span></dt>
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User The domain undefined response is encoded
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater by a CNAME whose target is the root domain (.)
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">NODATA</strong></span></span></dt>
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater The empty set of resource records is specified by
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User CNAME whose target is the wildcard top-level
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater It rewrites the response to NODATA or ANCOUNT=1.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">Local Data</strong></span></span></dt>
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater A set of ordinary DNS records can be used to answer queries.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Queries for record types not the set are answered with
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User A special form of local data is a CNAME whose target is a
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User wildcard such as *.example.com.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It is used as if were an ordinary CNAME after the astrisk (*)
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User has been replaced with the query name.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The purpose for this special form is query logging in the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User walled garden's authority DNS server.
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User All of the actions specified in all of the individual records
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User in a policy zone
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User can be overridden with a <span><strong class="command">policy</strong></span> clause in the
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">response-policy</strong></span> option.
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User An organization using a policy zone provided by another
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User organization might use this mechanism to redirect domains
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User to its own walled garden.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">GIVEN</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<dd><p>The placeholder policy says "do not override but
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User perform the action specified in the zone."
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">DISABLED</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The testing override policy causes policy zone records to do
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User nothing but log what they would have done if the
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User policy zone were not disabled.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The response to the DNS query will be written (or not)
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User according to any triggered policy records that are not
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Disabled policy zones should appear first,
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User because they will often not be logged
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User if a higher precedence trigger is found first.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">PASSTHRU</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">DROP</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">TCP-Only</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">NXDOMAIN</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">NODATA</strong></span></span>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User override with the corresponding per-record policy.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">CNAME domain</strong></span></span></dt>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User causes all RPZ policy records to act as if they were
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User "cname domain" records.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User By default, the actions encoded in a response policy zone
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User are applied only to queries that ask for recursion (RD=1).
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User That default can be changed for a single policy zone or
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User all response policy zones in a view
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User with a <span><strong class="command">recursive-only no</strong></span> clause.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User This feature is useful for serving the same zone files
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User both inside and outside an RFC 1918 cloud and using RPZ to
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User delete answers that would otherwise contain RFC 1918 values
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User on the externally visible name server or view.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Also by default, RPZ actions are applied only to DNS requests
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User that either do not request DNSSEC metadata (DO=0) or when no
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User DNSSEC records are available for request name in the original
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User zone (not the response policy zone). This default can be
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User changed for all response policy zones in a view with a
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">break-dnssec yes</strong></span> clause. In that case, RPZ
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User actions are applied regardless of DNSSEC. The name of the
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User clause option reflects the fact that results rewritten by RPZ
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User actions cannot verify.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User No DNS records are needed for a QNAME or Client-IP trigger.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User The name or IP address itself is sufficient,
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User so in principle the query name need not be recursively resolved.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User However, not resolving the requested
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User name can leak the fact that response policy rewriting is in use
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User and that the name is listed in a policy zone to operators of
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User servers for listed names. To prevent that information leak, by
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User default any recursion needed for a request is done before any
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User policy triggers are considered. Because listed domains often
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User have slow authoritative servers, this default behavior can cost
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User significant time.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">qname-wait-recurse no</strong></span> option
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User overrides that default behavior when recursion cannot
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User change a non-error response.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User The option does not affect QNAME or client-IP triggers
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User in policy zones listed
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User after other zones containing IP, NSIP and NSDNAME triggers, because
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User those may depend on the A, AAAA, and NS records that would be
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User found during recursive resolution. It also does not affect
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User DNSSEC requests (DO=1) unless <span><strong class="command">break-dnssec yes</strong></span>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User is in use, because the response would depend on whether or not
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User RRSIG records were found during resolution.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Using this option can cause error responses such as SERVFAIL to
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User appear to be rewritten, since no recursion is being done to
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User discover problems at the authoritative server.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User The TTL of a record modified by RPZ policies is set from the
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User TTL of the relevant record in policy zone. It is then limited
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User to a maximum value.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">max-policy-ttl</strong></span> clause changes that
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User maximum from its default of 5.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User For example, you might use this option statement
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"> response-policy { zone "badlist"; };</pre>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User and this zone statement
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"> zone "badlist" {type master; file "master/badlist"; allow-query {none;}; };</pre>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User with this zone file
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User@ SOA LOCALHOST. named-mgr.example.com (1 1h 15m 30d 2h)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User NS LOCALHOST.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User; QNAME policy records. There are no periods (.) after the owner names.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox Usernxdomain.domain.com CNAME . ; NXDOMAIN policy
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User*.nxdomain.domain.com CNAME . ; NXDOMAIN policy
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox Usernodata.domain.com CNAME *. ; NODATA policy
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User*.nodata.domain.com CNAME *. ; NODATA policy
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox Userbad.domain.com A 10.0.0.1 ; redirect to a walled garden
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User AAAA 2001:2::1
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User; do not rewrite (PASSTHRU) OK.DOMAIN.COM
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox Userok.domain.com CNAME rpz-passthru.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User; redirect x.bzone.domain.com to x.bzone.domain.com.garden.example.com
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User*.bzone.domain.com CNAME *.garden.example.com.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User; IP policy records that rewrite all responses containing A records in 127/8
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User; except 127.0.0.1
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User32.1.0.0.127.rpz-ip CNAME rpz-passthru.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User; NSDNAME and NSIP policy records
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User; blacklist and whitelist some DNS clients
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User; force some DNS clients and responses in the example.com zone to TCP
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User16.0.0.1.10.rpz-client-ip CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox Userexample.com CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User*.example.com CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User RPZ can affect server performance.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Each configured response policy zone requires the server to
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User perform one to four additional database lookups before a
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User query can be answered.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User For example, a DNS server with four policy zones, each with all
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User four kinds of response triggers, QNAME, IP, NSIP, and
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User NSDNAME, requires a total of 17 times as many database
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User lookups as a similar DNS server with no response policy zones.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User A <acronym class="acronym">BIND9</acronym> server with adequate memory and one
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User response policy zone with QNAME and IP triggers might achieve a
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User maximum queries-per-second rate about 20% lower.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User A server with four response policy zones with QNAME and IP
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User triggers might have a maximum QPS rate about 50% lower.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Responses rewritten by RPZ are counted in the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">RPZRewrites</strong></span> statistics.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<a name="id2590531"></a>Response Rate Limiting</h4></div></div></div>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Excessive almost identical UDP <span class="emphasis"><em>responses</em></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User can be controlled by configuring a
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> clause in an
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User This mechanism keeps authoritative BIND 9 from being used
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User in amplifying reflection denial of service (DoS) attacks.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Short truncated (TC=1) responses can be sent to provide
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User rate-limited responses to legitimate clients within
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a range of forged, attacked IP addresses.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Legitimate clients react to dropped or truncated response
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User by retrying with UDP or with TCP respectively.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User This mechanism is intended for authoritative DNS servers.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User It can be used on recursive servers but can slow
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User applications such as SMTP servers (mail receivers) and
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User HTTP clients (web browsers) that repeatedly request the
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User same domains.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User When possible, closing "open" recursive servers is better.
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User Response rate limiting uses a "credit" or "token bucket" scheme.
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User Each combination of identical response and client
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User has a conceptual account that earns a specified number
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User of credits every second.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User A prospective response debits its account by one.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses are dropped or truncated
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User while the account is negative.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses are tracked within a rolling window of time
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User which defaults to 15 seconds, but can be configured with
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">window</strong></span> option to any value from
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User 1 to 3600 seconds (1 hour).
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User The account cannot become more positive than
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User the per-second limit
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User or more negative than <span><strong class="command">window</strong></span>
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User times the per-second limit.
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User When the specified number of credits for a class of
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User responses is set to 0, those responses are not rate limited.
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User The notions of "identical response" and "DNS client"
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User for rate limiting are not simplistic.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User All responses to an address block are counted as if to a
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User single client.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The prefix lengths of addresses blocks are
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User specified with <span><strong class="command">ipv4-prefix-length</strong></span> (default 24)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User and <span><strong class="command">ipv6-prefix-length</strong></span> (default 56).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User All non-empty responses for a valid domain name (qname)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User and record type (qtype) are identical and have a limit specified
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User with <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User (default 0 or no limit).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User All empty (NODATA) responses for a valid domain,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User regardless of query type, are identical.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses in the NODATA class are limited by
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">nodata-per-second</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User (default <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span>).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Requests for any and all undefined subdomains of a given
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User valid domain result in NXDOMAIN errors, and are identical
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User regardless of query type.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User They are limited by <span><strong class="command">nxdomains-per-second</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User (default <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span>).
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User This controls some attacks using random names, but
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User can be relaxed or turned off (set to 0)
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User on servers that expect many legitimate
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User NXDOMAIN responses, such as from anti-spam blacklists.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Referrals or delegations to the server of a given
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User domain are identical and are limited by
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">referrals-per-second</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User (default <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span>).
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Responses generated from local wildcards are counted and limited
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User as if they were for the parent domain name.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User This controls flooding using random.wild.example.com.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User All requests that result in DNS errors other
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User than NXDOMAIN, such as SERVFAIL and FORMERR, are identical
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User regardless of requested name (qname) or record type (qtype).
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User This controls attacks using invalid requests or distant,
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User broken authoritative servers.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User By default the limit on errors is the same as the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span> value,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User but it can be set separately with
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">errors-per-second</strong></span>.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Many attacks using DNS involve UDP requests with forged source
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Rate limiting prevents the use of BIND 9 to flood a network
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User with responses to requests with forged source addresses,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User but could let a third party block responses to legitimate requests.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User There is a mechanism that can answer some legitimate
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User requests from a client whose address is being forged in a flood.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Setting <span><strong class="command">slip</strong></span> to 2 (its default) causes every
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User other UDP request to be answered with a small truncated (TC=1)
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The small size and reduced frequency, and so lack of
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User amplification, of "slipped" responses make them unattractive
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User for reflection DoS attacks.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">slip</strong></span> must be between 0 and 10.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User A value of 0 does not "slip":
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User no truncated responses are sent due to rate limiting,
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User all responses are dropped.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User A value of 1 causes every response to slip;
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User values between 2 and 10 cause every n'th response to slip.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Some error responses including REFUSED and SERVFAIL
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User cannot be replaced with truncated responses and are instead
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User leaked at the <span><strong class="command">slip</strong></span> rate.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User (NOTE: Dropped responses from an authoritative server may
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User reduce the difficulty of a third party successfully forging
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User a response to a recursive resolver. The best security
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User against forged responses is for authoritative operators
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User to sign their zones using DNSSEC and for resolver operators
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User to validate the responses. When this is not an option,
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User operators who are more concerned with response integrity
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User than with flood mitigation may consider setting
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">slip</strong></span> to 1, causing all rate-limited
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User responses to be truncated rather than dropped. This reduces
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User the effectiveness of rate-limiting against reflection attacks.)
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User When the approximate query per second rate exceeds
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">qps-scale</strong></span> value,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User then the <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span>,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">errors-per-second</strong></span>,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">nxdomains-per-second</strong></span> and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">all-per-second</strong></span> values are reduced by the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User ratio of the current rate to the <span><strong class="command">qps-scale</strong></span> value.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User This feature can tighten defenses during attacks.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User For example, with
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">qps-scale 250; responses-per-second 20;</strong></span> and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a total query rate of 1000 queries/second for all queries from
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User all DNS clients including via TCP,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User then the effective responses/second limit changes to
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses sent via TCP are not limited
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User but are counted to compute the query per second rate.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The optional <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> clause specifies
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the namespace to which rate limits will apply. It
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User is possible to use different rate limits for different names
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User by specifying multiple <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> blocks
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User with different <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> clauses.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> statement's
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> most closely matches the query
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User name will be the one applied to a given query.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater Rate limiters for different name spaces maintain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separate counters: If, for example, there is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> statement for "com" and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein another for "example.com", queries matching "example.com"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will not be debited against the rate limiter for "com".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> statement does not specify a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span>, then it applies to the root domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (".") and thus affects the entire DNS namespace, except those
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews portions covered by other <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Communities of DNS clients can be given their own parameters or no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rate limiting by putting
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> statements in <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User statements instead of the global <span><strong class="command">option</strong></span>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User A <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> statement in a view replaces,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater rather than supplementing, a <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User statement among the main options.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater DNS clients within a view can be exempted from rate limits
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User with the <span><strong class="command">exempt-clients</strong></span> clause.
b3c2030de4cc02b8e881ca4e6f62b385d4b41b0fAutomatic Updater UDP responses of all kinds can be limited with the
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">all-per-second</strong></span> phrase. This rate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limiting is unlike the rate limiting provided by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">responses-per-second</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">errors-per-second</strong></span>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nxdomains-per-second</strong></span> on a DNS server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which are often invisible to the victim of a DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reflection attack. Unless the forged requests of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein attack are the same as the legitimate requests of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein victim, the victim's requests are not affected. Responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein affected by an <span><strong class="command">all-per-second</strong></span> limit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are always dropped; the <span><strong class="command">slip</strong></span> value
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews has no effect. An <span><strong class="command">all-per-second</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limit should be at least 4 times as large as the other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limits, because single DNS clients often send bursts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of legitimate requests. For example, the receipt of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein single mail message can prompt requests from an SMTP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server for NS, PTR, A, and AAAA records as the incoming
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SMTP/TCP/IP connection is considered. The SMTP server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can need additional NS, A, AAAA, MX, TXT, and SPF records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as it considers the STMP <span><strong class="command">Mail From</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command. Web browsers often repeatedly resolve the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein same names that are repeated in HTML <IMG> tags
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a page. <span><strong class="command">all-per-second</strong></span> is similar
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the rate limiting offered by firewalls but often
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inferior. Attacks that justify ignoring the contents
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of DNS responses are likely to be attacks on the DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server itself. They usually should be discarded before
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the DNS server spends resources make TCP connections
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or parsing DNS requests, but that rate limiting must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be done before the DNS server sees the requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum size of the table used to track requests and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rate limit responses is set with <span><strong class="command">max-table-size</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each entry in the table is between 40 and 80 bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The table needs approximately as many entries as the number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of requests received per second.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 20,000.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To reduce the cold start of growing the table,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">min-table-size</strong></span> (default 500)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can set the minimum table size.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enable <span><strong class="command">rate-limit</strong></span> category logging to monitor
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expansions of the table and inform
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein choices for the initial and maximum table size.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Use <span><strong class="command">log-only yes</strong></span> to test rate limiting parameters
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein without actually dropping any requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses dropped by rate limits are included in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">RateDropped</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">QryDropped</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses that truncated by rate limits are included in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">RateSlipped</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">RespTruncated</strong></span>.
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater<a name="server_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr[/prefixlen]</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> bogus <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-expire <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-nsid <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-sit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns-version <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> nosit-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em> ; ]</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> keys <em class="replaceable"><code>{ string ; [<span class="optional"> string ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>] }</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> query-source [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-updateinterval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<a name="server_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement defines
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews characteristics
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews to be associated with a remote name server. If a prefix length is
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater specified, then a range of servers is covered. Only the most
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User server clause applies regardless of the order in
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement can occur at
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User the top level of the
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement contains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one or more <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements, only
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews apply to the view and any top-level ones are ignored.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews If a view contains no <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any top-level <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you discover that a remote server is giving out bad data,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein marking it as bogus will prevent further queries to it. The
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews value of <span><strong class="command">bogus</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server, acting as master, will respond with an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone transfer when the given remote server, a slave, requests it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, incremental transfer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be provided
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whenever possible. If set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the remote server will be non-incremental. If not set, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global options block is used as a default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server, acting as a slave, will request incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers from the given remote server, a master. If not set, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value of the <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> option in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the view or global options block is used as a default. It may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be set in the zone block and, if set there, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein override the global or view setting for that zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IXFR requests to servers that do not support IXFR will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fall back to AXFR. Therefore, there is no need to manually list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which servers support IXFR and which ones do not; the global
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> should always work.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The purpose of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clauses is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to make it possible to disable the use of IXFR even when both
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and slave claim to support it, for example if one of the servers
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews is buggy and crashes or corrupts data when IXFR is used.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">request-expire</strong></span> clause determines
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews whether the local server, when acting as a slave, will
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews request the EDNS EXPIRE value. The EDNS EXPIRE value
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews indicates the remaining time before the zone data will
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews expire and need to be be refreshed. This is used
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews when a secondary server transfers a zone from another
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews secondary server; when transferring from the primary, the
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews expiration timer is set from the EXPIRE field of the SOA
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews record instead.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">edns</strong></span> clause determines whether
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews the local server will attempt to use EDNS when communicating
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews with the remote server. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater EDNS UDP size that is advertised by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater when querying the remote server. Valid values are 512
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will be silently
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater adjusted to the nearest value within it). This option
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater is useful when you wish to advertise a different value
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater to this server than the value you advertise globally,
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater for example, when there is a firewall at the remote
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater site that is blocking large replies.
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">edns-version</strong></span> option sets the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater maximum EDNS VERSION that will be sent to the server(s)
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater by the resolver. The actual EDNS version sent is still
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater subject to normal EDNS version negotiation rules (see
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater RFC 6891), the maximum EDNS version supported by the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater server, and any other heuristics that indicate that a
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater lower version should be sent. This option is intended
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater to be used when a remote server reacts badly to a given
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater EDNS version or higher; it should be set to the highest
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater version the remote server is known to support. Valid
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater values are 0 to 255; higher values will be silently
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater adjusted. This option will not be needed until higher
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User EDNS versions than 0 are in use.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater maximum EDNS UDP message size <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater will send. Valid values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater outside this range will be silently adjusted). This
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater option is useful when you know that there is a firewall
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater that is blocking large replies from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">nosit-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater maximum size of UDP responses that will be sent to
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater queries without a valid source identity token. The command
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> option may further limit
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater the response size.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The server supports two zone transfer methods. The first, <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span>,
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater uses one DNS message per resource record transferred. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater as many resource records as possible into a message. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater more efficient, but is only known to be understood by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater 8.x, and patched versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater 4.9.5. You can specify which method
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater to use for a server with the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> is not
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater specified, the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater by the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement will be
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater is used to limit the number of concurrent inbound zone
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater transfers from the specified server. If no
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> clause is specified, the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater limit is set according to the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> option.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause identifies a
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement,
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User to be used for transaction security (TSIG, <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User when talking to the remote server.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User When a request is sent to the remote server, a request signature
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User will be generated using the key specified here and appended to the
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User message. A request originating from the remote server is not
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User to be signed by this key.
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User Although the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span>
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User allows for multiple keys, only a single key per server is
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User the IPv4 and IPv6 source
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User address to be used for zone transfer with the remote server,
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User respectively.
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User For an IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> can
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User be specified.
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server, only
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> can be
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User For more details, see the description of
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> and
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for notify
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User messages sent to remote servers, respectively. For an
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User can be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User only <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for queries
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User sent to remote servers, respectively. For an IPv4
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User remote server, only <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> can
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User only <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">request-nsid</strong></span> clause determines
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater whether the local server will add a NSID EDNS option
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater to requests sent to the server. This overrides
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">request-nsid</strong></span> set at the view or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">request-sit</strong></span> clause determines
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce whether the local server will add a SIT EDNS option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to requests sent to the server. This overrides
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">request-sit</strong></span> set at the view or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option level. The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determine that SIT is not supported by the remote server
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User and not add a SIT EDNS option to requests.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews<a name="statschannels"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> {
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews [ allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> } ]; ]
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews [ inet ...; ]
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews<a name="id2592155"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews declares communication channels to be used by system
dcb551033f0b33eb5c113169750a61084d8250a1Mark Andrews administrators to get access to statistics information of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name server.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews This statement intends to be flexible to support multiple
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews communication protocols in the future, but currently only
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater HTTP access is supported.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater It requires that BIND 9 be compiled with libxml2 and/or
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater json-c (also known as libjson0); the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater still accepted even if it is built without the library,
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater but any HTTP access will fail with an error.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater If no port is specified, port 80 is used for HTTP channels.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The asterisk "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The attempt of opening a statistics channel is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater restricted by the optional <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Connections to the statistics channel are permitted based on the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater If no <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause is present,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> accepts connection
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater attempts from any address; since the statistics may
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater contain sensitive internal information, it is highly
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater recommended to restrict the source of connection requests
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater appropriately.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater If no <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is present,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will not open any communication channels.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The statistics are available in various formats and views
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater depending on the URI used to access them. For example, if
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the statistics channel is configured to listen on 127.0.0.1
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater port 8888, then the statistics are accessible in XML format at
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/</a> or
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml</a>. A CSS file is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater included which can format the XML statistics into tables
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater when viewed with a stylesheet-capable browser, and into
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater charts and graphs using the Google Charts API when using a
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater javascript-capable browser.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Applications that depend on a particular XML schema
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v2" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v2</a> for version 2
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater of the statistics XML schema or
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3</a> for version 3.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater If the requested schema is supported by the server, then
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater it will respond; if not, it will return a "page not found"
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Broken-out subsets of the statistics can be viewed at
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/status" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/status</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (server uptime and last reconfiguration time),
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/server" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/server</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (server and resolver statistics),
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/zones" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/zones</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (zone statistics),
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/net" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/net</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (network status and socket statistics),
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/mem" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/mem</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (memory manager statistics),
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/tasks" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/tasks</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (task manager statistics).
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The full set of statistics can also be read in JSON format at
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json</a>,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater with the broken-out subsets at
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/status" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/status</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (server uptime and last reconfiguration time),
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/server" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/server</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (server and resolver statistics),
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/zones" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/zones</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (zone statistics),
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/net" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/net</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (network status and socket statistics),
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/mem" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/mem</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (memory manager statistics),
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/tasks" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/tasks</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (task manager statistics).
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<a name="trusted-keys"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> {
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<a name="id2592504"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement defines
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater DNSSEC security roots. DNSSEC is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#DNSSEC" title="DNSSEC">the section called “DNSSEC”</a>. A security root is defined when the
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater public key for a non-authoritative zone is known, but
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater cannot be securely obtained through DNS, either because
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater it is the DNS root zone or because its parent zone is
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater unsigned. Once a key has been configured as a trusted
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater key, it is treated as if it had been validated and
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater proven secure. The resolver attempts DNSSEC validation
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater on all DNS data in subdomains of a security root.
f7b2875691497b292eacb60609be23a813d14e63Automatic Updater All keys (and corresponding zones) listed in
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> are deemed to exist regardless
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater of what parent zones say. Similarly for all keys listed in
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> only those keys are
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater used to validate the DNSKEY RRset. The parent's DS RRset
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater will not be used.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement can contain
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User multiple key entries, each consisting of the key's
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User domain name, flags, protocol, algorithm, and the Base-64
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User representation of the key data.
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User Spaces, tabs, newlines and carriage returns are ignored
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User in the key data, so the configuration may be split up into
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User multiple lines.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> may be set at the top level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <code class="filename">named.conf</code> or within a view. If it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set in both places, they are additive: keys defined at the top
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level are inherited by all views, but keys defined in a view
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews are only used within that view.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Validation below specified names can be temporarily disabled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by using <span><strong class="command">rndc nta</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2592557"></a><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>flags</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key-data</code></em> ;
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>flags</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key-data</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="managed-keys"></a><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, like
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>, defines DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein security roots. The difference is that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> can be kept up to date
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein automatically, without intervention from the resolver
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Suppose, for example, that a zone's key-signing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key was compromised, and the zone owner had to revoke and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replace the key. A resolver which had the old key in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement would be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unable to validate this zone any longer; it would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reply with a SERVFAIL response code. This would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein continue until the resolver operator had updated the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement with the new key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If, however, the zone were listed in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement instead, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone owner could add a "stand-by" key to the zone in advance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> would store the stand-by key, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the original key was revoked, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein would be able to transition smoothly to the new key. It would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also recognize that the old key had been revoked, and cease
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using that key to validate answers, minimizing the damage that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the compromised key could do.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement contains a list of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the keys to be managed, along with information about how the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys are to be initialized for the first time. The only
d01e14dc0bfc700a8d72e9676fc8aa66c237151fAutomatic Updater initialization method currently supported (as of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.7.0) is <code class="literal">initial-key</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This means the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contain a copy of the initializing key. (Future releases may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allow keys to be initialized by other methods, eliminating this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requirement.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Consequently, a <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appears similar to a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>, differing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the presence of the second field, containing the keyword
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">initial-key</code>. The difference is, whereas the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys listed in a <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> continue to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein trusted until they are removed from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, an initializing key listed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement is only trusted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>once</em></span>: for as long as it takes to load the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein managed key database and start the RFC 5011 key maintenance
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The first time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs with a managed key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configured in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, it fetches the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSKEY RRset directly from the zone apex, and validates it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the key specified in the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. If the DNSKEY RRset is validly signed, then it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used as the basis for a new managed keys database.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein From that point on, whenever <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs, it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sees the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, checks to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein make sure RFC 5011 key maintenance has already been initialized
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the specified domain, and if so, it simply moves on. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key specified in the <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to validate answers; it has been superseded by the key or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys stored in the managed keys database.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The next time <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> runs after a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has been <span class="emphasis"><em>removed</em></span> from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement, the corresponding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone will be removed from the managed keys database,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews and RFC 5011 key maintenance will no longer be used for that
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> only maintains a single managed keys
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson database; consequently, unlike <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span>,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> may only be set at the top
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater level of <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, not within a view.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater In the current implementation, the managed keys database is
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater stored as a master-format zone file called
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind</code>. When the key database
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce is changed, the zone is updated. As with any other dynamic
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce zone, changes will be written into a journal file,
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind.jnl</code>. They are committed
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce to the master file as soon as possible afterward; in the case
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson of the managed key database, this will usually occur within 30
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce seconds. So, whenever <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is using
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater automatic key maintenance, those two files can be expected to
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater exist in the working directory. (For this reason among others,
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce the working directory should be always be writable by
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.)
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson If the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span> option is
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater will automatically initialize a managed key for the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce root zone. Similarly, if the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce option is set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>,
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will automatically initialize
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce a managed key for the zone <code class="literal">dlv.isc.org</code>.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce In both cases, the key that is used to initialize the key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maintenance process is built into <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and can be overridden from <span><strong class="command">bindkeys-file</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews<a name="view_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews match-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews match-destinations { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews match-recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_option</code></em>; ...</span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_statement</code></em>; ...</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews<a name="id2592993"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement is a powerful
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 that lets a name server
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews answer a DNS query differently
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User depending on who is asking. It is particularly useful for
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews implementing
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater split DNS setups without having to run multiple servers.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Each <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement defines a view
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews DNS namespace that will be seen by a subset of clients. A client
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews a view if its source IP address matches the
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the view's
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> clause and its
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews destination IP address matches
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span> clause. If not
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews specified, both
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User default to matching all addresses. In addition to checking IP
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater can also take <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> which provide an
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater mechanism for the
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater client to select the view. A view can also be specified
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews as <span><strong class="command">match-recursive-only</strong></span>, which
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews means that only recursive
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews requests from matching clients will match that view.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews The order of the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements is
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews significant —
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews a client request will be resolved in the context of the first
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> that it matches.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater Zones defined within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User statement will
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews only be accessible to clients that match the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews By defining a zone of the same name in multiple views, different
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews zone data can be given to different clients, for example,
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews and "external" clients in a split DNS setup.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Many of the options given in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews can also be used within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater statement, and then
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User apply only when resolving queries with that view. When no
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater value is given, the value in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater is used as a default. Also, zone options can have default values
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement; these
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater view-specific defaults
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User take precedence over those in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Views are class specific. If no class is given, class IN
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assumed. Note that all non-IN views must contain a hint zone,
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User since only the IN class has compiled-in default hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If there are no <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file, a default view that matches any client is automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in class IN. Any <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified on
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User the top level of the configuration file are considered to be part
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User this default view, and the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater statement will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the default view. If any explicit <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements are present, all <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein occur inside <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews Here is an example of a typical split DNS setup implemented
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews using <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements:
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User // This should match our internal networks.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User match-clients { 10.0.0.0/8; };
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User // Provide recursive service to internal
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User // clients only.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion yes;
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User // Provide a complete view of the example.com
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User // zone including addresses of internal hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinview "external" {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Match all clients not matched by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // previous view.
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User match-clients { any; };
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User // Refuse recursive service to external clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion no;
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews // Provide a restricted view of the example.com
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews // zone containing only publicly accessible hosts.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews type master;
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<a name="zone_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews type master;
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-loadkeys-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> update-policy <em class="replaceable"><code>local</code></em> | { <em class="replaceable"><code>update_policy_rule</code></em> [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ;
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-mx (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-spf ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> auto-dnssec <code class="constant">allow</code>|<code class="constant">maintain</code>|<code class="constant">off</code>; </span>]
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> inline-signing <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> serial-update-method <code class="constant">increment</code>|<code class="constant">unixtime</code>|<code class="constant">date</code>; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-zone-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
9090a36b61a90746738f66bce09ceaf8d8491d7eAndreas Gustafssonzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-update-mode ( <em class="replaceable"><code>maintain</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>no-resign</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-loadkeys-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> auto-dnssec <code class="constant">allow</code>|<code class="constant">maintain</code>|<code class="constant">off</code>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> inline-signing <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrewszone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>] // Not Implemented.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updaterzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
c60793c77f6b6b8b66ad57c73cd7eb67e8d7ff6fAndreas Gustafsson [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type static-stub;
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> server-addresses { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> server-names { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> </span>] }; </span>]
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type forward;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
c60793c77f6b6b8b66ad57c73cd7eb67e8d7ff6fAndreas Gustafsson [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>"."</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type redirect;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-zone-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type delegation-only;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> in-view <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<a name="id2594940"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<a name="id2594948"></a>Zone Types</h4></div></div></div>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The server has a master copy of the data
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater for the zone and will be able to provide authoritative
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater A slave zone is a replica of a master
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater zone. The <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> list
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater specifies one or more IP addresses
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater of master servers that the slave contacts to update
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater its copy of the zone.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Masters list elements can also be names of other
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater masters lists.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater By default, transfers are made from port 53 on the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater servers; this can
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater be changed for all servers by specifying a port number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of IP addresses, or on a per-server basis after
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the IP address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Authentication to the master can also be done with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-server TSIG keys.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a file is specified, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replica will be written to this file whenever the zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and reloaded from this file on a server restart. Use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of a file is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recommended, since it often speeds server startup and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a needless waste of bandwidth. Note that for large
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein numbers (in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein tens or hundreds of thousands) of zones per server, it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use a two-level naming scheme for zone filenames. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a slave server for the zone <code class="literal">example.com</code> might place
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone contents into a file called
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">ex/example.com</code> where <code class="filename">ex/</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein just the first two letters of the zone name. (Most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operating systems
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behave very slowly if you put 100000 files into
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a single directory.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A stub zone is similar to a slave zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except that it replicates only the NS records of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein master zone instead
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the entire zone. Stub zones are not a standard part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein they are a feature specific to the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> implementation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stub zones can be used to eliminate the need for glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a parent zone at the expense of maintaining a stub
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone entry and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a set of name server addresses in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This usage is not recommended for new configurations,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports it only in a limited way.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4/8, zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers of a parent zone
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater included the NS records from stub children of that
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater zone. This meant
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater that, in some cases, users could get away with
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater configuring child stubs
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater only in the master server for the parent zone. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater 9 never mixes together zone data from different zones
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User way. Therefore, if a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 master serving a parent
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User zone has child stub zones configured, all the slave
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User servers for the
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User parent zone also need to have the same child stub
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater Stub zones can also be used as a way of forcing the
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater of a given domain to use a particular set of
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User authoritative servers.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User For example, the caching name servers on a private
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User network using
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User RFC1918 addressing may be configured with stub zones
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User to use a set of internal name servers as the
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User authoritative
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User servers for that domain.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User A static-stub zone is similar to a stub zone
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User with the following exceptions:
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User the zone data is statically configured, rather
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User than transferred from a master server;
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User when recursion is necessary for a query that
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User matches a static-stub zone, the locally
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User configured data (nameserver names and glue addresses)
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User is always used even if different authoritative
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User information is cached.
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User Zone data is configured via the
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">server-addresses</strong></span> and
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">server-names</strong></span> zone options.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater The zone data is maintained in the form of NS
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater and (if necessary) glue A or AAAA RRs
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater internally, which can be seen by dumping zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein databases by <span><strong class="command">rndc dumpdb -all</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The configured RRs are considered local configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parameters rather than public data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Non recursive queries (i.e., those with the RD
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein bit off) to a static-stub zone are therefore
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prohibited and will be responded with REFUSED.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Since the data is statically configured, no
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater zone maintenance action takes place for a static-stub
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater For example, there is no periodic refresh
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater attempt, and an incoming notify message
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater will be rejected with an rcode of NOTAUTH.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each static-stub zone is configured with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internally generated NS and (if necessary)
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater glue A or AAAA RRs
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User A "forward zone" is a way to configure
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarding on a per-domain basis. A <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contain a <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and/or <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which will apply to queries within the domain given by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name. If no <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is present or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an empty list for <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span> is given, then no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarding will be done for the domain, canceling the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any forwarders in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement. Thus
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if you want to use this type of zone to change the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behavior of the
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews global <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (that is, "forward first"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to, then "forward only", or vice versa, but want to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers as set globally) you need to re-specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The initial set of root name servers is
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews specified using a "hint zone". When the server starts
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews the root hints to find a root name server and get the
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews list of root name servers. If no hint zone is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified for class
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IN, the server uses a compiled-in default set of root
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Classes other than IN have no built-in defaults hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Redirect zones are used to provide answers to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries when normal resolution would result in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NXDOMAIN being returned.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only one redirect zone is supported
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per view. <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to restrict which clients see these answers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the client has requested DNSSEC records (DO=1) and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the NXDOMAIN response is signed then no substitution
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To redirect all NXDOMAIN responses to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 100.100.100.2 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 2001:ffff:ffff::100.100.100.2, one would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configure a type redirect zone named ".",
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the zone file containing wildcard records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that point to the desired addresses:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">"*. IN A 100.100.100.2"</code>
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">"*. IN AAAA 2001:ffff:ffff::100.100.100.2"</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To redirect all Spanish names (under .ES) one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein would use similar entries but with the names
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "*.ES." instead of "*.". To redirect all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein commercial Spanish names (under COM.ES) one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein would use wildcard entries called "*.COM.ES.".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that the redirect zone supports all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein possible types; it is not limited to A and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein AAAA records.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater Because redirect zones are not referenced
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein directly by name, they are not kept in the
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews zone lookup table with normal master and slave
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews zones. Consequently, it is not currently possible
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span>
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User to reload a redirect zone. However, when using
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">rndc reload</strong></span> without specifying
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User a zone name, redirect zones will be reloaded along
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User with other zones.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews This is used to enforce the delegation-only
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews status of infrastructure zones (e.g. COM,
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews NET, ORG). Any answer that is received
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews without an explicit or implicit delegation
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews in the authority section will be treated
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews as NXDOMAIN. This does not apply to the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews zone apex. This should not be applied to
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews <code class="varname">delegation-only</code> has no
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews effect on answers received from forwarders.
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews See caveats in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2595624"></a>Class</h4></div></div></div>
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater The zone's name may optionally be followed by a class. If
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater a class is not specified, class <code class="literal">IN</code> (for <code class="varname">Internet</code>),
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews is assumed. This is correct for the vast majority of cases.
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews The <code class="literal">hesiod</code> class is
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews named for an information service from MIT's Project Athena. It
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to share information about various systems databases, such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as users, groups, printers and so on. The keyword
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a synonym for hesiod.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Another MIT development is Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the mid-1970s. Zone data for it can be specified with the <code class="literal">CHAOS</code> class.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2595657"></a>Zone Options</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Specifies a "Simple Secure Update" policy. See
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only meaningful if <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein active for this zone. The set of machines that will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for this zone is made up of all the listed name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the primary master) for the zone plus any IP addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>. A port
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with each <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews address to send the notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages to a port other than the default of 53.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A TSIG key may also be specified to cause the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">NOTIFY</code> to be signed by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein meaningful for stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the empty list.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews This option is used to restrict the character set and
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews received from the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews network. The default varies according to zone type. For <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>. For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews zones the default is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater It is not implemented for <span><strong class="command">hint</strong></span> zones.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-spf</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-spf</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews See the description of
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-update-mode</strong></span></span></dt>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews See the description of
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dnssec-update-mode</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the type of database to be used for storing the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater zone data. The string following the <span><strong class="command">database</strong></span> keyword
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater is interpreted as a list of whitespace-delimited words.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The first word
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater identifies the database type, and any subsequent words are
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater as arguments to the database to be interpreted in a way
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater to the database type.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>"rbt"</code></strong>, BIND 9's
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater native in-memory
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater red-black-tree database. This database does not take
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Other values are possible if additional database drivers
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater have been linked into the server. Some sample drivers are
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater with the distribution but none are linked in by default.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The flag only applies to forward, hint and stub
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater zones. If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater then the zone will also be treated as if it is
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater also a delegation-only type zone.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See caveats in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Only meaningful if the zone has a forwarders
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater list. The <span><strong class="command">only</strong></span> value causes
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater the lookup to fail
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater after trying the forwarders and getting no answer, while <span><strong class="command">first</strong></span> would
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater allow a normal lookup to be tried.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Used to override the list of global forwarders.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater If it is not specified in a zone of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater no forwarding is done for the zone and the global options are
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater specify the name
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater of the transaction log (journal) file for dynamic update
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater and constructs the name of the journal
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater file by appending "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>"
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater to the name of the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-tmp-file</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Was an undocumented option in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Ignored in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">journal</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow the default journal's filename to be overridden.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the zone's filename with "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>" appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is applicable to <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_resource_limits" title="Server Resource Limits">the section called “Server Resource Limits”</a>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pubkey</strong></span></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein intended for specifying
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a public zone key for verification of signatures in DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones when they are loaded from disk. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 does not verify signatures
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on load and ignores the option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will keep
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information for this zone, which can be dumped to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> defined in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server options.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater Only meaningful for static-stub zones.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater This is a list of IP addresses to which queries
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater should be sent in recursive resolution for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A non empty list for this option will internally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configure the apex NS RR with associated glue A or
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews For example, if "example.com" is configured as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein static-stub zone with 192.0.2.1 and 2001:db8::1234
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater in a <span><strong class="command">server-addresses</strong></span> option,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the following RRs will be internally configured.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">example.com. NS example.com.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater These records are internally used to resolve
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater names under the static-stub zone.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater For instance, if the server receives a query for
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater "www.example.com" with the RD bit on, the server
b7ce89b8ca18904810265cc0074d7d517c9a5c5cAutomatic Updater will initiate recursive resolution and send
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater queries to 192.0.2.1 and/or 2001:db8::1234.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-names</strong></span></span></dt>
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater Only meaningful for static-stub zones.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater This is a list of domain names of nameservers that
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater act as authoritative servers of the static-stub
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater These names will be resolved to IP addresses when
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> needs to send queries to
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater these servers.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater To make this supplemental resolution successful,
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater these names must not be a subdomain of the origin
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater name of static-stub zone.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater That is, when "example.net" is the origin of a
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater static-stub zone, "ns.example" and
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater "master.example.com" can be specified in the
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">server-names</strong></span> option, but
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater "ns.example.net" cannot, and will be rejected by
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater the configuration parser.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater A non empty list for this option will internally
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater configure the apex NS RR with the specified names.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater For example, if "example.com" is configured as a
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater static-stub zone with "ns1.example.net" and
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater in a <span><strong class="command">server-names</strong></span> option,
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater the following RRs will be internally configured.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">example.com. NS ns1.example.net.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater These records are internally used to resolve
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater names under the static-stub zone.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater For instance, if the server receives a query for
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater "www.example.com" with the RD bit on, the server
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater initiate recursive resolution,
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater "ns2.example.net" to IP addresses, and then send
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater queries to (one or more of) these addresses.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater See the description of
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
bafdc1ebe80e1bc359bfbb48aa88790c7bbdc749Automatic Updater See the description of
2cc7515f8a0c2f5f86ec85a853c7cb855b3d9536Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews See the description of
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User See the description of
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater See the description of
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews See the description of
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater See the description in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews See the description of
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews (Note that the <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>master</code></strong> and
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>slave</code></strong> choices are not
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews available at the zone level.)
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Usage”</a>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Zones configured for dynamic DNS may also use this
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater option to allow varying levels of automatic DNSSEC key
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater management. There are three possible settings:
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec allow;</strong></span> permits
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater keys to be updated and the zone fully re-signed
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater whenever the user issues the command <span><strong class="command">rndc sign
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec maintain;</strong></span> includes the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater above, but also automatically adjusts the zone's DNSSEC
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater keys on schedule, according to the keys' timing metadata
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater (see <a href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></span>(8)</a> and
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <a href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></span>(8)</a>). The command
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span> causes
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to load keys from the key
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater repository and sign the zone with all keys that are
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc loadkeys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span> causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to load keys from the key
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater repository and schedule key maintenance events to occur
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the future, but it does not sign the full zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein immediately. Note: once keys have been loaded for a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone the first time, the repository will be searched
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for changes periodically, regardless of whether
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc loadkeys</strong></span> is used. The recheck
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater interval is defined by
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span>.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default setting is <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec off</strong></span>.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-update-method</strong></span></span></dt>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews Zones configured for dynamic DNS may use this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option to set the update method that will be used for
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews the zone serial number in the SOA record.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews With the default setting of
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">serial-update-method increment;</strong></span>, the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews SOA serial number will be incremented by one each time
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews the zone is updated.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">serial-update-method unixtime;</strong></span>, the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews SOA serial number will be set to the number of seconds
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews since the UNIX epoch, unless the serial number is
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews already greater than or equal to that value, in which
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews case it is simply incremented by one.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">serial-update-method date;</strong></span>, the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater new SOA serial number will be the current date
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater in the form "YYYYMMDD", followed by two zeroes,
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater unless the existing serial number is already greater
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater than or equal to that value, in which case it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein incremented by one.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">inline-signing</strong></span></span></dt>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews If <code class="literal">yes</code>, this enables
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews "bump in the wire" signing of a zone, where a
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews unsigned zone is transferred in or loaded from
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews disk and a signed version of the zone is served,
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater with possibly, a different serial number. This
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater behaviour is disabled by default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-zone-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">max-zone-ttl</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="dynamic_update_policies"></a>Dynamic Update Policies</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 supports two alternative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein methods of granting clients the right to perform
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein dynamic updates to a zone, configured by the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> and
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> option, respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> clause works the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein same way as in previous versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It grants given clients the permission to update any
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater record of any name in the zone.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> clause
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater allows more fine-grained control over what updates are
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater allowed. A set of rules is specified, where each rule
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater either grants or denies permissions for one or more
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater names to be updated by one or more identities. If
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater the dynamic update request message is signed (that is,
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater it includes either a TSIG or SIG(0) record), the
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater identity of the signer can be determined.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater Rules are specified in the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater zone option, and are only meaningful for master zones.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater When the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater is present, it is a configuration error for the
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> statement to be
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater present. The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater only examines the signer of a message; the source
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater address is not relevant.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There is a pre-defined <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rule which can be switched on with the command
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy local;</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Switching on this rule in a zone causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to generate a TSIG session
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key and place it in a file, and to allow that key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to update the zone. (By default, the file is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>, the key
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews name is "local-ddns" and the key algorithm is HMAC-SHA256,
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews but these values are configurable with the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">session-keyfile</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">session-keyname</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">session-keyalg</strong></span> options, respectively).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A client running on the local system, and with appropriate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permissions, may read that file and use the key to sign update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests. The zone's update policy will be set to allow that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key to change any record within the zone. Assuming the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name is "local-ddns", this policy is equivalent to:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">update-policy { grant local-ddns zonesub any; };
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews The command <span><strong class="command">nsupdate -l</strong></span> sends update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests to localhost, and signs them using the session key.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Other rule definitions look like this:
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews( <span><strong class="command">grant</strong></span> | <span><strong class="command">deny</strong></span> ) <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>] [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>types</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each rule grants or denies privileges. Once a message has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein successfully matched a rule, the operation is immediately
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein granted or denied and no further rules are examined. A rule
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is matched when the signer matches the identity field, the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews name matches the name field in accordance with the nametype
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews field, and the type matches the types specified in the type
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews No signer is required for <em class="replaceable"><code>tcp-self</code></em>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews or <em class="replaceable"><code>6to4-self</code></em> however the standard
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews reverse mapping / prefix conversion must match the identity
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews The identity field specifies a name or a wildcard
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews name. Normally, this is the name of the TSIG or
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews SIG(0) key used to sign the update request. When a
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews TKEY exchange has been used to create a shared secret,
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews the identity of the shared secret is the same as the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews identity of the key used to authenticate the TKEY
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews exchange. TKEY is also the negotiation method used
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews by GSS-TSIG, which establishes an identity that is
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews the Kerberos principal of the client, such as
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>"user@host.domain"</code></strong>. When the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews a wildcard name, it is subject to DNS wildcard
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews expansion, so the rule will apply to multiple identities.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field must
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews contain a fully-qualified domain name.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews For nametypes <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>,
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <code class="varname">ms-self</code>, <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>,
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater and <code class="varname">ms-subdomain</code> the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater the Windows or Kerberos realm of the machine belongs to.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> field has 13
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <code class="varname">name</code>, <code class="varname">subdomain</code>,
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <code class="varname">wildcard</code>, <code class="varname">self</code>,
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <code class="varname">selfsub</code>, <code class="varname">selfwild</code>,
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>, <code class="varname">ms-self</code>,
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>,
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <code class="varname">ms-subdomain</code>,
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <code class="varname">tcp-self</code>, <code class="varname">6to4-self</code>,
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <code class="varname">zonesub</code>, and <code class="varname">external</code>.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater Exact-match semantics. This rule matches
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater when the name being updated is identical
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater to the contents of the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater This rule matches when the name being updated
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater is a subdomain of, or identical to, the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater contents of the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater This rule is similar to subdomain, except that
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater it matches when the name being updated is a
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User subdomain of the zone in which the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater appears. This obviates the need to type the zone
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater name twice, and enables the use of a standard
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement in
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews multiple zones without modification.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews When this rule is used, the
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field is omitted.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews is subject to DNS wildcard expansion, and
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews this rule matches when the name being updated
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews name is a valid expansion of the wildcard.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews This rule matches when the name being updated
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews matches the contents of the
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews is ignored, but should be the same as the
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews The <code class="varname">self</code> nametype is
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews most useful when allowing using one key per
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews name to update, where the key has the same
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater name as the name to be updated. The
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> would
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater be specified as <code class="constant">*</code> (an asterisk) in
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater except that subdomains of <code class="varname">self</code>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater can also be updated.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater except that only subdomains of
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">self</code> can be updated.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater This rule takes a Windows machine principal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (machine$@REALM) for machine in REALM and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and converts it machine.realm allowing the machine
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to update machine.realm. The REALM to be matched
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User This rule takes a Windows machine principal
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User (machine$@REALM) for machine in REALM and
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User converts it to machine.realm allowing the machine
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User to update subdomains of machine.realm. The REALM
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User to be matched is specified in the
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User This rule takes a Kerberos machine principal
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User (host/machine@REALM) for machine in REALM and
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User and converts it machine.realm allowing the machine
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User to update machine.realm. The REALM to be matched
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User is specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User This rule takes a Kerberos machine principal
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User (host/machine@REALM) for machine in REALM and
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User converts it to machine.realm allowing the machine
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User to update subdomains of machine.realm. The REALM
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User to be matched is specified in the
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow updates that have been sent via TCP and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the standard mapping from the initiating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein namespaces match the name to be updated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow the 6to4 prefix to be update by any TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connection from the 6to4 network or from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein corresponding IPv4 address. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to allow NS or DNAME RRsets to be added to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reverse tree.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule allows <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to defer the decision of whether to allow a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein given update to an external daemon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The method of communicating with the daemon is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field, the format of which is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "<code class="constant">local:</code><em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em>",
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein where <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> is the location
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews of a UNIX-domain socket. (Currently, "local" is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only supported mechanism.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests to the external daemon are sent over the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein UNIX-domain socket as datagrams with the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Protocol version number (4 bytes, network byte order, currently 1)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Request length (4 bytes, network byte order)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Signer (null-terminated string)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Name (null-terminated string)
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews TCP source address (null-terminated string)
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Rdata type (null-terminated string)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Key (null-terminated string)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TKEY token length (4 bytes, network byte order)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TKEY token (remainder of packet)</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The daemon replies with a four-byte value in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network byte order, containing either 0 or 1; 0
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicates that the specified update is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permitted, and 1 indicates that it is.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In all cases, the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews field must specify a fully-qualified domain name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no types are explicitly specified, this rule matches
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all types except RRSIG, NS, SOA, NSEC and NSEC3. Types
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be specified by name, including "ANY" (ANY matches
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all types except NSEC and NSEC3, which can never be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein updated). Note that when an attempt is made to delete
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all records associated with a name, the rules are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked for each existing record type.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2598654"></a>Multiple views</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When multiple views are in use, a zone may be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referenced by more than one of them. Often, the views
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will contain different zones with the same name, allowing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein different clients to receive different answers for the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries. At times, however, it is desirable for multiple
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein views to contain identical zones. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">in-view</strong></span> zone option provides an efficient
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein way to do this: it allows a view to reference a zone that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was defined in a previously configured view. Example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinview internal {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { 10/8; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinview external {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews match-clients { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in-view internal;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span><strong class="command">in-view</strong></span> option cannot refer to a view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that is configured later in the configuration file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement which uses the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">in-view</strong></span> option may not use any other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options with the exception of <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>. (These options control
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the behavior of the containing view, rather than changing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone object itself.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span><strong class="command">in-view</strong></span> zone cannot be used as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response policy zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2598702"></a>Zone File</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them"></a>Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This section, largely borrowed from RFC 1034, describes the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein concept of a Resource Record (RR) and explains when each is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the publication of RFC 1034, several new RRs have been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and implemented in the DNS. These are also included.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2598721"></a>Resource Records</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A domain name identifies a node. Each node has a set of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource information, which may be empty. The set of resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information associated with a particular name is composed of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separate RRs. The order of RRs in a set is not significant and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein need not be preserved by name servers, resolvers, or other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parts of the DNS. However, sorting of multiple RRs is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permitted for optimization purposes, for example, to specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that a particular nearby server be tried first. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a> and <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The components of a Resource Record are:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The domain name where the RR is found.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An encoded 16-bit value that specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the type of the resource record.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater The time-to-live of the RR. This field
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater is a 32-bit integer in units of seconds, and is
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater primarily used by
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater resolvers when they cache RRs. The TTL describes how
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be cached before it should be discarded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An encoded 16-bit value that identifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a protocol family or instance of a protocol.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The resource data. The format of the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews data is type (and sometimes class) specific.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The following are <span class="emphasis"><em>types</em></span> of valid RRs:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A host address. In the IN class, this is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 32-bit IP address. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 address. Described in RFC 1886.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater IPv6 address. This can be a partial
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater address (a suffix) and an indirection to the name
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater where the rest of the
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater address (the prefix) can be found. Experimental.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Described in RFC 2874.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Location of AFS database servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Address prefix list. Experimental.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Described in RFC 3123.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Holds a digital certificate.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Described in RFC 2538.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies the canonical name of an alias.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Is used for identifying which DHCP client is
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews associated with this name. Described in RFC 4701.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Replaces the domain name specified with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein another name to be looked up, effectively aliasing an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews subtree of the domain name space rather than a single
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as in the case of the CNAME RR.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2672.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stores a public key associated with a signed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stores the hash of a public key associated with a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein signed DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specifies the global position. Superseded by LOC.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Identifies the CPU and OS used by a host.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Described in RFC 1035.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Provides a method for storing IPsec keying material in
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater DNS. Described in RFC 4025.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Representation of ISDN addresses.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stores a public key associated with a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS name. Used in original DNSSEC; replaced
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews by DNSKEY in DNSSECbis, but still used with
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews SIG(0). Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies a key exchanger for this
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews DNS name. Described in RFC 2230.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For storing GPS info. Described in RFC 1876.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies a mail exchange for the domain with
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews a 16-bit preference value (lower is better)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by the host name of the mail exchange.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 974, RFC 1035.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Name authority pointer. Described in RFC 2915.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A network service access point.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1706.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The authoritative name server for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not exist in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews existing name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 4034.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater RRs with an owner name in a certain name
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater interval do not exist in a zone and indicate
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater what RR types are present for an existing
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater name. NSEC3 differs from NSEC in that it
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater prevents zone enumeration but is more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein computationally expensive on both the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the client than NSEC. Described in RFC
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Used in DNSSECbis to tell the authoritative
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater server which NSEC3 chains are available to use.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Described in RFC 5155.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used in DNSSEC to securely indicate that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not exist in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein existing name.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Used in original DNSSEC; replaced by NSEC in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2535.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A pointer to another part of the domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name space. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Provides mappings between RFC 822 and X.400
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses. Described in RFC 2163.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information on persons responsible
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the domain. Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Contains DNSSECbis signature data. Described
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in RFC 4034.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Route-through binding for hosts that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein do not have their own direct wide area network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Contains DNSSEC signature data. Used in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein original DNSSEC; replaced by RRSIG in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSECbis, but still used for SIG(0).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies the start of a zone of authority.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Contains the Sender Policy Framework information
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a given email domain. Described in RFC 4408.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information about well known network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein services (replaces WKS). Described in RFC 2782.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Provides a way to securely publish a secure shell key's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fingerprint. Described in RFC 4255.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Text records. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information about which well known
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network services, such as SMTP, that a domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports. Historical.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Representation of X.25 network addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following <span class="emphasis"><em>classes</em></span> of resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are currently valid in the DNS:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Internet.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created at MIT in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Rarely used for its historical purpose, but reused for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built-in server information zones, e.g.,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Hesiod, an information service
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein developed by MIT's Project Athena. It is used to share
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein about various systems databases, such as users,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein groups, printers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The owner name is often implicit, rather than forming an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein part of the RR. For example, many name servers internally form
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or hash structures for the name space, and chain RRs off nodes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The remaining RR parts are the fixed header (type, class, TTL)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which is consistent for all RRs, and a variable part (RDATA)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fits the needs of the resource being described.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The meaning of the TTL field is a time limit on how long an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RR can be kept in a cache. This limit does not apply to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data in zones; it is also timed out, but by the refreshing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the zone. The TTL is assigned by the administrator for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone where the data originates. While short TTLs can be used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minimize caching, and a zero TTL prohibits caching, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of Internet performance suggest that these times should be on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order of days for the typical host. If a change can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein anticipated,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the TTL can be reduced prior to the change to minimize
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inconsistency
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein during the change, and then increased back to its former value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The data in the RDATA section of RRs is carried as a combination
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of binary strings and domain names. The domain names are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used as "pointers" to other data in the DNS.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2600344"></a>Textual expression of RRs</h4></div></div></div>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews RRs are represented in binary form in the packets of the DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein protocol, and are usually represented in highly encoded form
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stored in a name server or resolver. In the examples provided
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 1034, a style similar to that used in master files was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in order to show the contents of RRs. In this format, most RRs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are shown on a single line, although continuation lines are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using parentheses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The start of the line gives the owner of the RR. If a line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begins with a blank, then the owner is assumed to be the same as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that of the previous RR. Blank lines are often included for
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews readability.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following the owner, we list the TTL, type, and class of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RR. Class and type use the mnemonics defined above, and TTL is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews an integer before the type field. In order to avoid ambiguity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parsing, type and class mnemonics are disjoint, TTLs are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the type mnemonic is always last. The IN class and TTL
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are often omitted from examples in the interests of clarity.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The resource data or RDATA section of the RR are given using
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews knowledge of the typical representation for the data.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews For example, we might show the RRs carried in a message as:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The MX RRs have an RDATA section which consists of a 16-bit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number followed by a domain name. The address RRs use a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP address format to contain a 32-bit internet address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The above example shows six RRs, with two RRs at each of three
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain names.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Similarly we might see:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This example shows two addresses for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">XX.LCS.MIT.EDU</code>, each of a different class.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2600865"></a>Discussion of MX Records</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As described above, domain servers store information as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein series of resource records, each of which contains a particular
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein piece of information about a given domain name (which is usually,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but not always, a host). The simplest way to think of a RR is as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a typed pair of data, a domain name matched with a relevant datum,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and stored with some additional type information to help systems
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determine when the RR is relevant.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX records are used to control delivery of email. The data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the record is a priority and a domain name. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls the order in which email delivery is attempted, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lowest number first. If two priorities are the same, a server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein chosen randomly. If no servers at a given priority are responding,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the mail transport agent will fall back to the next largest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Priority numbers do not have any absolute meaning — they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only respective to other MX records for that domain name. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name given is the machine to which the mail will be delivered.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It <span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> have an associated address record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (A or AAAA) — CNAME is not sufficient.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a given domain, if there is both a CNAME record and an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX record, the MX record is in error, and will be ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the mail will be delivered to the server specified in the MX
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointed to by the CNAME.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Mail delivery will be attempted to <code class="literal">mail.example.com</code> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">mail2.example.com</code> (in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any order), and if neither of those succeed, delivery to <code class="literal">mail.backup.org</code> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be attempted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Setting_TTLs"></a>Setting TTLs</h3></div></div></div>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater The time-to-live of the RR field is a 32-bit integer represented
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater in units of seconds, and is primarily used by resolvers when they
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater cache RRs. The TTL describes how long a RR can be cached before it
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater should be discarded. The following three types of TTL are
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater used in a zone file.
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater The last field in the SOA is the negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caching TTL. This controls how long other servers will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache no-such-domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (NXDOMAIN) responses from you.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum time for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein negative caching is 3 hours (3h).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The $TTL directive at the top of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone file (before the SOA) gives a default TTL for every
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a specific TTL set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each RR can have a TTL as the second
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field in the RR, which will control how long other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers can cache it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All of these TTLs default to units of seconds, though units
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be explicitly specified, for example, <code class="literal">1h30m</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2601480"></a>Inverse Mapping in IPv4</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Reverse name resolution (that is, translation from IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to name) is achieved by means of the <span class="emphasis"><em>in-addr.arpa</em></span> domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and PTR records. Entries in the in-addr.arpa domain are made in
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User least-to-most significant order, read left to right. This is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein opposite order to the way IP addresses are usually written. Thus,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a machine with an IP address of 10.1.2.3 would have a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein corresponding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 3.2.1.10.in-addr.arpa. This name should have a PTR resource record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whose data field is the name of the machine or, optionally,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein PTR records if the machine has more than one name. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the [<span class="optional">example.com</span>] domain:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">2.1.10.in-addr.arpa</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">IN PTR foo.example.com.</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> lines in the examples
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews are for providing context to the examples only — they do not
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews appear in the actual usage. They are only used here to indicate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that the example is relative to the listed origin.
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater<a name="id2601675"></a>Other Zone File Directives</h3></div></div></div>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater The Master File Format was initially defined in RFC 1035 and
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater has subsequently been extended. While the Master File Format
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater is class independent all records in a Master File must be of the
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater Master File Directives include <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>,
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater and <span><strong class="command">$TTL.</strong></span>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater<a name="id2601698"></a>The <span><strong class="command">@</strong></span> (at-sign)</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in the label (or name) field, the asperand or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at-sign (@) symbol represents the current origin.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At the start of the zone file, it is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>> (followed by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein trailing dot).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2601714"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>domain-name</code></em>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User sets the domain name that will be appended to any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unqualified records. When a zone is first read in there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is an implicit <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>><span><strong class="command">.</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (followed by trailing dot).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the domain specified in the <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein argument if it is not absolute.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinWWW CNAME MAIN-SERVER
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2601774"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em> </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Read and process the file <code class="filename">filename</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if it were included into the file at this point. If <span><strong class="command">origin</strong></span> is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews specified the file is processed with <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to that value, otherwise the current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater The origin and the current domain name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein revert to the values they had prior to the <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the file has been read.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 1035 specifies that the current origin should be restored
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater an <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>, but it is silent
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater on whether the current
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater domain name should also be restored. BIND 9 restores both of
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater This could be construed as a deviation from RFC 1035, a
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater feature, or both.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2601844"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>default-ttl</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Set the default Time To Live (TTL) for subsequent records
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater with undefined TTLs. Valid TTLs are of the range 0-2147483647
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is defined in RFC 2308.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2601880"></a><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>range</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used to create a series of resource records that only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein differ from each other by an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein iterator. <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> can be used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein easily generate the sets of records required to support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sub /24 reverse delegations described in RFC 2317:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN 0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater$GENERATE 1-2 @ NS SERVER$.EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 $ CNAME $.0</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. NS SERVER1.EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein1.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 1.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein2.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 2.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater127.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 127.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Generate a set of A and MX records. Note the MX's right hand
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein side is a quoted string. The quotes will be stripped when the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein right hand side is processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$ORIGIN EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ A 1.2.3.$
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ MX "0 ."</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is equivalent to
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">HOST-1.EXAMPLE. A 1.2.3.1
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">range</strong></span></p>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User This can be one of two forms: start-stop
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User or start-stop/step. If the first form is used, then step
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User is set to 1. start, stop and step must be positive
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User integers between 0 and (2^31)-1. start must not be
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User larger than stop.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews describes the owner name of the resource records
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to be created. Any single <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (dollar sign)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews symbols within the <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> string
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews are replaced by the iterator value.
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User To get a $ in the output, you need to escape the
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> using a backslash
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">\</strong></span>,
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User e.g. <span><strong class="command">\$</strong></span>. The
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> may optionally be followed
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User by modifiers which change the offset from the
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User iterator, field width and base.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User Modifiers are introduced by a
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">{</strong></span> (left brace) immediately following the
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> as
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">${offset[,width[,base]]}</strong></span>.
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User For example, <span><strong class="command">${-20,3,d}</strong></span>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User subtracts 20 from the current value, prints the
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User result as a decimal in a zero-padded field of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Available output forms are decimal
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">d</strong></span>), octal
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">o</strong></span>), hexadecimal
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">x</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">X</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater for uppercase) and nibble
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">n</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">N</strong></span>\
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater for uppercase). The default modifier is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">${0,0,d}</strong></span>. If the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> is not absolute, the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In nibble mode the value will be treated as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater if it was a reversed hexadecimal string
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater with each hexadecimal digit as a separate
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater label. The width field includes the label
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For compatibility with earlier versions,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">$$</strong></span> is still recognized as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater indicating a literal $ in the output.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Specifies the time-to-live of the generated records. If
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater not specified this will be inherited using the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater normal TTL inheritance rules.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater entered in either order.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Specifies the class of the generated records.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This must match the zone class if it is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater entered in either order.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">type</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Any valid type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span>, optionally, quoted string.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> directive is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> extension
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and not part of the standard zone file format.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater BIND 8 does not support the optional TTL and CLASS fields.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="zonefile_format"></a>Additional File Formats</h3></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In addition to the standard textual format, BIND 9
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater supports the ability to read or dump to zone files in
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater other formats.
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater The <code class="constant">raw</code> format is
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater a binary representation of zone data in a manner similar
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User to that used in zone transfers. Since it does not require
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User parsing text, load time is significantly reduced.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater An even faster alternative is the <code class="constant">map</code>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater format, which is an image of a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater in-memory zone database; it is capable of being loaded
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater directly into memory via the <span><strong class="command">mmap()</strong></span>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater function; the zone can begin serving queries almost
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater For a primary server, a zone file in
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <code class="constant">raw</code> or <code class="constant">map</code>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater format is expected to be generated from a textual zone
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater file by the <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For a secondary server or for a dynamic zone, it is automatically
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater generated (if this format is specified by the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> option) when
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> dumps the zone contents after
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zone transfer or when applying prior updates.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater If a zone file in a binary format needs manual modification,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater it first must be converted to a textual form by the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. All
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater necessary modification should go to the text file, which
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater should then be converted to the binary form by the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command again.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note that <span><strong class="command">map</strong></span> format is extremely
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater architecture-specific. A <code class="constant">map</code>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater file <span class="emphasis"><em>cannot</em></span> be used on a system
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater with different pointer size, endianness or data alignment
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater than the system on which it was generated, and should in
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater general be used only inside a single system.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater While <code class="constant">raw</code> format uses
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater network byte order and avoids architecture-dependent
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater data alignment so that it is as portable as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater possible, it is also primarily expected to be used
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater inside the same single system. To export a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zone file in either <code class="constant">raw</code> or
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="constant">map</code> format, or make a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater portable backup of such a file, conversion to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="constant">text</code> format is recommended.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="statistics"></a>BIND9 Statistics</h2></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains lots of statistics
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater information and provides several interfaces for users to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater get access to the statistics.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The available statistics include all statistics counters
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater that were available in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater are meaningful in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and other information that is considered useful.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The statistics information is categorized into the following
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number of incoming DNS requests for each OPCODE.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number of incoming queries for each RR type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number of outgoing queries for each RR
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater type sent from the internal resolver.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Maintained per view.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters about incoming request processing.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters regarding zone maintenance
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater operations such as zone transfers.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters about name resolution
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater performed in the internal resolver.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Maintained per view.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number of RRsets per RR type and nonexistent
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater names stored in the cache database.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater If the exclamation mark (!) is printed for a RR
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater type, it means that particular type of RRset is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater known to be nonexistent (this is also known as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater "NXRRSET"). If a hash mark (#) is present then
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the RRset is marked for garbage collection.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Maintained per view.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters about network related events.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater A subset of Name Server Statistics is collected and shown
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater per zone for which the server has the authority when
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span> is set to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These statistics counters are shown with their zone and view
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In some cases the view names are omitted for the default view.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater There are currently two user interfaces to get access to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater One is in the plain text format dumped to the file specified
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater by the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> configuration option.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The other is remotely accessible via a statistics channel
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater when the <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is specified in the configuration file
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels" title="statistics-channels Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="statsfile"></a>The Statistics File</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The text format statistics dump begins with a line, like:
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">+++ Statistics Dump +++ (973798949)</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number in parentheses is a standard
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Unix-style timestamp, measured as seconds since January 1, 1970.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater that line is a set of statistics information, which is categorized
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater as described above.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Each section begins with a line, like:
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">++ Name Server Statistics ++</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Each section consists of lines, each containing the statistics
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater counter value followed by its textual description.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See below for available counters.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For brevity, counters that have a value of 0 are not shown
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in the statistics file.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The statistics dump ends with the line where the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater number is identical to the number in the beginning line; for example:
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">--- Statistics Dump --- (973798949)</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="statistics_counters"></a>Statistics Counters</h3></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The following tables summarize statistics counters that
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For each row of the tables, the leftmost column is the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater abbreviated symbol name of that counter.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These symbols are shown in the statistics information
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater accessed via an HTTP statistics channel.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The rightmost column gives the description of the counter,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater which is also shown in the statistics file
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (but, in this document, possibly with slight modification
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater for better readability).
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Additional notes may also be provided in this column.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater When a middle column exists between these two columns,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater it gives the corresponding counter name of the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 statistics, if applicable.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2603011"></a>Name Server Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Requestv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 requests received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note: this also counts non query requests.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Requestv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 requests received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note: this also counts non query requests.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqEdns0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with EDNS(0) received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqBadEDNSVer</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with unsupported EDNS version received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqTSIG</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with TSIG received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqSIG0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with SIG(0) received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqBadSIG</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with invalid (TSIG or SIG(0)) signature.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqTCP</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RTCP</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater TCP requests received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">AuthQryRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RUQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Authoritative (non recursive) queries rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RecQryRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RURQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Recursive queries rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RUXFR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RUUpd</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic update requests rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Response</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RespTruncated</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Truncated responses sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RespEDNS0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with EDNS(0) sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RespTSIG</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with TSIG sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RespSIG0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with SIG(0) sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QrySuccess</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in a successful answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This means the query which returns a NOERROR response
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater with at least one answer RR.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">success</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryAuthAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater Queries resulted in authoritative answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryNoauthAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SNaAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in non authoritative answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryReferral</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in referral answer.
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater This corresponds to the
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">referral</strong></span> counter
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater of previous versions of
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryNxrrset</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in NOERROR responses with no data.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nxrrset</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QrySERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in SERVFAIL.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryFORMERR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in FORMERR.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryNXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SNXD</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in NXDOMAIN.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nxdomain</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryRecursion</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries which caused the server
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to perform recursion in order to find the final answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryDuplicate</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RDupQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries which the server attempted to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater recurse but discovered an existing query with the same
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IP address, port, query ID, name, type and class
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater already being processed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">duplicate</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">QryDropped</strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Recursive queries for which the server
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User discovered an excessive number of existing
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User recursive queries for the same name, type and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User class and were subsequently dropped.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User This is the number of dropped queries due to
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the reason explained with the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User (see the description about
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#clients-per-query"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span></a>.)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User This corresponds to the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dropped</strong></span> counter
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User of previous versions of
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">QryFailure</strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Other query failures.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">failure</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note: this counter is provided mainly for
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater backward compatibility with the previous versions.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Normally a more fine-grained counters such as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">AuthQryRej</strong></span> and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">RecQryRej</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater that would also fall into this counter are provided,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and so this counter would not be of much
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater interest in practice.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrReqDone</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requested zone transfers completed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateReqFwd</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Update requests forwarded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateRespFwd</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Update responses forwarded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateFwdFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic update forward failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateDone</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates completed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateBadPrereq</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates rejected due to prerequisite failure.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RateDropped</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses dropped by rate limits.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RateSlipped</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses truncated by rate limits.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RPZRewrites</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Response policy zone rewrites.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2604580"></a>Zone Maintenance Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyOutv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 notifies sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyOutv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 notifies sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyInv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 notifies received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyInv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 notifies received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Incoming notifies rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SOAOutv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 SOA queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SOAOutv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 SOA queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">AXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 AXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">AXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 AXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">IXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 IXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">IXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 IXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrSuccess</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests succeeded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="id2605031"></a>Resolver Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
65e9adc0e8185883d0de6690683ef4c2a0cc968bAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Queryv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Queryv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Responsev4</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RR</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv4 responses received.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Responsev6</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RR</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv6 responses received.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RNXD</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater NXDOMAIN received.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">FORMERR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RFErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater FORMERR received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">OtherError</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Other errors received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">EDNS0Fail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater EDNS(0) query failures.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Mismatch</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RDupR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Mismatch responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The DNS ID, response's source address,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and/or the response's source port does not
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater match what was expected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (The port must be 53 or as defined by
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> option.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This may be an indication of a cache
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater poisoning attempt.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Truncated</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Truncated responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Lame</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RLame</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Lame delegations received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Retry</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SDupQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Query retries performed.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QueryAbort</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Queries aborted due to quota control.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QuerySockFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Failures in opening query sockets.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater One common reason for such failures is a
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater failure of opening a new socket due to a
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater limitation on file descriptors.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QueryTimeout</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Query timeouts.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv4</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SSysQ</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv4 NS address fetches invoked.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv6</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SSysQ</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv6 NS address fetches invoked.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv4Fail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv4 NS address fetch failed.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv6Fail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv6 NS address fetch failed.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValAttempt</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater DNSSEC validation attempted.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValOk</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater DNSSEC validation succeeded.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValNegOk</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater DNSSEC validation on negative information succeeded.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ValFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater DNSSEC validation failed.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryRTTnn</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Frequency table on round trip times (RTTs) of
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Each <span><strong class="command">nn</strong></span> specifies the corresponding
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater In the sequence of
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_1</strong></span>,
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_2</strong></span>,
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m</strong></span>,
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater the value of <span><strong class="command">nn_i</strong></span> is the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater number of queries whose RTTs are between
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_(i-1)</strong></span> (inclusive) and
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_i</strong></span> (exclusive) milliseconds.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater For the sake of convenience we define
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_0</strong></span> to be 0.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater The last entry should be represented as
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m+</strong></span>, which means the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater number of queries whose RTTs are equal to or over
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">nn_m</strong></span> milliseconds.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<a name="id2606053"></a>Socket I/O Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Socket I/O statistics counters are defined per socket
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater types, which are
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP4</strong></span> (UDP/IPv4),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">UDP6</strong></span> (UDP/IPv6),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">TCP4</strong></span> (TCP/IPv4),
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">TCP6</strong></span> (TCP/IPv6),
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">Unix</strong></span> (Unix Domain), and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> (sockets opened outside the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater socket module).
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In the following table <span><strong class="command"><TYPE></strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater represents a socket type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Not all counters are available for all socket types;
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater exceptions are noted in the description field.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Open</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Sockets opened successfully.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>OpenFail</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Failures of opening sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This counter is not applicable to the
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">FDwatch</strong></span> type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"><TYPE>Close</strong></span></p>
<a name="id2606494"></a>Compatibility with <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND</em></span> 8 Counters</h4></div></div></div>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter�5.�The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Lightweight Resolver�</td>