Bv9ARM.ch06.html revision 260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264e
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2004-2015 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<title>Chapter�6.�BIND 9 Configuration Reference</title>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<link rel="home" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="prev" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html" title="Chapter�5.�The BIND 9 Lightweight Resolver">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="next" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html" title="Chapter�7.�BIND 9 Security Considerations">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</th></tr>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html">Prev</a>�</td>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html">Next</a>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="Bv9ARM.ch06"></a>Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</h1></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#comment_syntax">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#include_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#include_statement"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#key_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#key_statement"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#logging_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#logging_statement"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#lwres_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#lwres_statement"><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#masters_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#masters_statement"><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_channels"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted_keys"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed_keys"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed-keys"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_file">Zone File</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#mx_records">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#ipv4_reverse">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_directives">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#generate_directive"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile">The Statistics File</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_counters">Statistics Counters</a></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration is broadly similar
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8; however, there are a few new
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews of configuration, such as views. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews 8 configuration files should work with few alterations in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9, although more complex configurations should be reviewed to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if they can be more efficiently implemented using the new features
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews found in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4 configuration files can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein converted to the new format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the shell script
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">contrib/named-bootconf/named-bootconf.sh</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="configuration_file_elements"></a>Configuration File Elements</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Following is a list of elements used throughout the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file documentation:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name of an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> as
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt defined by the <span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>, <code class="varname">key_id</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="varname">acl_name</code> elements, see
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A named list of one or more <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews with optional <code class="varname">key_id</code> and/or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A <code class="varname">masters_list</code> may include other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a DNS name, for example "<code class="literal">my.test.domain</code>".
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater A list of one or more <code class="varname">domain_name</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One to four integers valued 0 through
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt 255 separated by dots (`.'), such as <span class="command"><strong>123</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>45.67</strong></span> or <span class="command"><strong>89.123.45.67</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv4 address with exactly four elements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <code class="varname">dotted_decimal</code> notation.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt An IPv6 address, such as <span class="command"><strong>2001:db8::1234</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews IPv6 scoped addresses that have ambiguity on their
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews scope zones must be disambiguated by an appropriate
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews zone ID with the percent character (`%') as
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews delimiter. It is strongly recommended to use
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews string zone names rather than numeric identifiers,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews in order to be robust against system configuration
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews changes. However, since there is no standard
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews mapping for such names and identifier values,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews currently only interface names as link identifiers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported, assuming one-to-one mapping between
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews interfaces and links. For example, a link-local
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt address <span class="command"><strong>fe80::1</strong></span> on the link
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt attached to the interface <span class="command"><strong>ne0</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt can be specified as <span class="command"><strong>fe80::1%ne0</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews Note that on most systems link-local addresses
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews always have the ambiguity, and need to be
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews disambiguated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <code class="varname">ip4_addr</code> or <code class="varname">ip6_addr</code>.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User A <code class="varname">number</code> between 0 and 63, used
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User to select a differentiated services code point (DSCP)
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User value for use with outgoing traffic on operating systems
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User that support DSCP.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews The <code class="varname">number</code> is limited to 0
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through 65535, with values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below 1024 typically restricted to use by processes running
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews In some cases, an asterisk (`*') character can be used as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein placeholder to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein select a random high-numbered port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IP network specified as an <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by a slash (`/') and then the number of bits in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Trailing zeros in a <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may omitted.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For example, <span class="command"><strong>127/8</strong></span> is the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt network <span class="command"><strong>127.0.0.0</strong></span> with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt netmask <span class="command"><strong>255.0.0.0</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>1.2.3.0/28</strong></span> is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt network <span class="command"><strong>1.2.3.0</strong></span> with netmask <span class="command"><strong>255.255.255.240</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews When specifying a prefix involving a IPv6 scoped address
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews the scope may be omitted. In that case the prefix will
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews match packets from any scope.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">domain_name</code> representing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name of a shared key, to be used for transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separated by semicolons and ending with a semicolon.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews A non-negative 32-bit integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (i.e., a number between 0 and 4294967295, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Its acceptable value might further
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be limited by the context in which it is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a pathname, such as <code class="filename">zones/master/my.test.domain</code>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A list of an <code class="varname">ip_port</code> or a port
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A port range is specified in the form of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range</code></strong> followed by
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater two <code class="varname">ip_port</code>s,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, which represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater port numbers from <code class="varname">port_low</code> through
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, inclusive.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_low</code> must not be larger than
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range 1024 65535</code></strong> represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater ports from 1024 through 65535.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater In either case an asterisk (`*') character is not
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater allowed as a valid <code class="varname">ip_port</code>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User A 64-bit unsigned integer, or the keywords
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong> or
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>default</code></strong>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Integers may take values
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User 0 <= value <= 18446744073709551615, though
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User certain parameters
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (such as <span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span>) may
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User use a more limited range within these extremes.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User In most cases, setting a value to 0 does not
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User literally mean zero; it means "undefined" or
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User "as big as possible", depending on the context.
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User See the explanations of particular parameters
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User that use <code class="varname">size_spec</code>
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User for details on how they interpret its use.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Numeric values can optionally be followed by a
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User scaling factor:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>K</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>k</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for kilobytes,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>M</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>m</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for megabytes, and
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>G</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>g</code></strong>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User for gigabytes, which scale by 1024, 1024*1024, and
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User 1024*1024*1024 respectively.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <code class="varname">unlimited</code> generally means
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User "as big as possible", and is usually the best
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User way to safely set a very large number.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User uses the limit that was in force when the server was started.
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User <code class="varname">size_spec</code> or integer value
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User followed by '%' to represent percents.
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User The behavior is exactly the same as
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User <code class="varname">size_or_percent</code> allows also
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User to specify a positive integer value followed by
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User '%' sign to represent percents.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Either <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The words <strong class="userinput"><code>true</code></strong> and <strong class="userinput"><code>false</code></strong> are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also accepted, as are the numbers <strong class="userinput"><code>1</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <strong class="userinput"><code>0</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One of <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in a zone, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>, and <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are restricted to slave and stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="address_match_lists"></a>Address Match Lists</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="id-1.7.4.4.2"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><code class="varname">address_match_list</code> = address_match_list_element ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> address_match_list_element; ... </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<code class="varname">address_match_list_element</code> = [<span class="optional"> ! </span>] (ip_address [<span class="optional">/length</span>] |
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce key key_id | acl_name | { address_match_list } )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="id-1.7.4.4.3"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control for various server operations. They are also used in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews statements. The elements which constitute an address match
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews list can be any of the following:
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">an IP address (IPv4 or IPv6)</li>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">an IP prefix (in `/' notation)</li>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt a key ID, as defined by the <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">the name of an address match list defined with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> statement
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">a nested address match list enclosed in braces</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Elements can be negated with a leading exclamation mark (`!'),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the match list names "any", "none", "localhost", and
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews "localnets" are predefined. More information on those names
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews can be found in the description of the acl statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The addition of the key clause made the name of this syntactic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element something of a misnomer, since security keys can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to validate access without regard to a host or network address.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Nonetheless, the term "address match list" is still used
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews throughout the documentation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a given IP address or prefix is compared to an address
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews match list, the comparison takes place in approximately O(1)
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews time. However, key comparisons require that the list of keys
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be traversed until a matching key is found, and therefore may
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be somewhat slower.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt used for access control, defining <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> ports, or in a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span>, and whether the element was negated.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews When used as an access control list, a non-negated match
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews allows access and a negated match denies access. If
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews there is no match, access is denied. The clauses
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion-on</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache-on</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>blackhole</strong></span>, and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>keep-response-order</strong></span> all use address match
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt lists. Similarly, the <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> option will cause the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews server to refuse queries on any of the machine's
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews addresses which do not match the list.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Order of insertion is significant. If more than one element
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews in an ACL is found to match a given IP address or prefix,
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews preference will be given to the one that came
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> in the ACL definition.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Because of this first-match behavior, an element that
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews defines a subset of another element in the list should
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews come before the broader element, regardless of whether
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews either is negated. For example, in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>1.2.3/24; ! 1.2.3.13;</strong></span>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews the 1.2.3.13 element is completely useless because the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews algorithm will match any lookup for 1.2.3.13 to the 1.2.3/24
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt element. Using <span class="command"><strong>! 1.2.3.13; 1.2.3/24</strong></span> fixes
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews that problem by having 1.2.3.13 blocked by the negation, but
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews all other 1.2.3.* hosts fall through.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="comment_syntax"></a>Comment Syntax</h3></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 comment syntax allows for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comments to appear
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews anywhere that whitespace may appear in a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. To appeal to programmers of all kinds, they can be written
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="id-1.7.4.5.3"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">/* This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C */</pre>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">// This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C++</pre>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"># This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in common UNIX shells
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater# and perl</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="id-1.7.4.5.4"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Comments may appear anywhere that whitespace may appear in
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments start with the two characters /* (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein star) and end with */ (star, slash). Because they are completely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delimited with these characters, they can be used to comment only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a portion of a line or to span multiple lines.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments cannot be nested. For example, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not valid because the entire comment ends with the first */:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">/* This is the start of a comment.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce This is still part of the comment.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce/* This is an incorrect attempt at nesting a comment. */
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce This is no longer in any comment. */
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C++-style comments start with the two characters // (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">// This is the start of a comment. The next line
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce// is a new comment, even though it is logically
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce// part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Shell-style (or perl-style, if you prefer) comments start
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the character <code class="literal">#</code> (number sign)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and continue to the end of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein physical line, as in C++ comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"># This is the start of a comment. The next line
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce# is a new comment, even though it is logically
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce# part of the previous comment.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You cannot use the semicolon (`;') character
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to start a comment such as you would in a zone file. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein semicolon indicates the end of a configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Configuration_File_Grammar"></a>Configuration File Grammar</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews A <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration consists of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements and comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statements end with a semicolon. Statements and comments are the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only elements that can appear without enclosing braces. Many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements contain a block of sub-statements, which are also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein terminated with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following statements are supported:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching list, for access control and other uses.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares control channels to be used
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by the <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> utility.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein includes a file.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies key information for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authentication and authorization using TSIG.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies what the server logs, and where
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log messages are sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt configures <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt also act as a light-weight resolver daemon (<span class="command"><strong>lwresd</strong></span>).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named masters list for
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater inclusion in stub and slave zones'
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> lists.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls global server configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options and sets defaults for other statements.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span></p>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater sets certain configuration options on
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater a per-server basis.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span></p>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater declares communication channels to get access to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> statistics.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines trusted DNSSEC keys.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span></p>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater lists DNSSEC keys to be kept up to date
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater using RFC 5011 trust anchor maintenance.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a view.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a zone.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statements may only occur once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="acl_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> acl-name {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews address_match_list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="acl"></a><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> statement assigns a symbolic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name to an address match list. It gets its name from a primary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use of address match lists: Access Control Lists (ACLs).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following ACLs are built-in:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>any</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches all hosts.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>none</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches no hosts.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>localhost</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of all network
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User interfaces on the system. When addresses are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt added or removed, the <span class="command"><strong>localhost</strong></span>
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User ACL element is updated to reflect the changes.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>localnets</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches any host on an IPv4 or IPv6 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the system has an interface.
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User When addresses are added or removed,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>localnets</strong></span>
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User ACL element is updated to reflect the changes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Some systems do not provide a way to determine the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local IPv6 addresses.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt In such a case, <span class="command"><strong>localnets</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only matches the local
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IPv6 addresses, just like <span class="command"><strong>localhost</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="controls_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> }
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User [ keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> } ]
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User [ read-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ] ; ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ inet ...; ]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [ unix <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> perm <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> owner <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> group <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User [ keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> } ]
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User [ read-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ] ; ]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ unix ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="controls_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement declares control
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels to be used by system administrators to control the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation of the name server. These control channels are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt used by the <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> utility to send
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews commands to and retrieve non-DNS results from a name server.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt An <span class="command"><strong>inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt listening at the specified <span class="command"><strong>ip_port</strong></span> on the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt specified <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt address. An <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt use an <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If you will only use <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> on the local host,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the loopback address (<code class="literal">127.0.0.1</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews or <code class="literal">::1</code>) is recommended for maximum security.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews If no port is specified, port 953 is used. The asterisk
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for <span class="command"><strong>ip_port</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The ability to issue commands over the control channel is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt restricted by the <span class="command"><strong>allow</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> clauses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Connections to the control channel are permitted based on the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span>. This is for simple
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IP address based filtering only; any <span class="command"><strong>key_id</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt elements of the <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews are ignored.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt A <span class="command"><strong>unix</strong></span> control channel is a UNIX domain
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews socket listening at the specified path in the file system.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Access to the socket is specified by the <span class="command"><strong>perm</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>owner</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>group</strong></span> clauses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Note on some platforms (SunOS and Solaris) the permissions
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (<span class="command"><strong>perm</strong></span>) are applied to the parent directory
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews as the permissions on the socket itself are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary authorization mechanism of the command
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt channel is the <span class="command"><strong>key_list</strong></span>, which
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt contains a list of <span class="command"><strong>key_id</strong></span>s.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Each <span class="command"><strong>key_id</strong></span> in the <span class="command"><strong>key_list</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is authorized to execute commands over the control channel.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#rndc">Remote Name Daemon Control application</a> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#admin_tools" title="Administrative Tools">the section called “Administrative Tools”</a>)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for information about configuring keys in <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span>.
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User If the <span class="command"><strong>read-only</strong></span> clause is enabled, the
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User control channel is limited to the following set of read-only
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User commands: <span class="command"><strong>nta -dump</strong></span>,
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>status</strong></span>,
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>showzone</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>testgen</strong></span>, and
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>zonestatus</strong></span>. By default,
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>read-only</strong></span> is not enabled and the control
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User channel allows read-write access.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If no <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement is present,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will set up a default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control channel listening on the loopback address 127.0.0.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and its IPv6 counterpart ::1.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt In this case, and also when the <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is present but does not have a <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> clause,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will attempt to load the command channel key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the file <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc</code> (or whatever <code class="varname">sysconfdir</code>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews was specified as when <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> was built).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To create a <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file, run
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature was created to
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews ease the transition of systems from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which did not have digital signatures on its command channel
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt messages and thus did not have a <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> clause.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews It makes it possible to use an existing <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews configuration file in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 unchanged,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and still have <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> work the same way
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ndc</strong></span> worked in BIND 8, simply by executing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong> after BIND 9 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only intended to allow the backward-compatible usage of
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 configuration files, this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein feature does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have a high degree of configurability. You cannot easily change
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the key name or the size of the secret, so you should make a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> with your own key if you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein wish to change
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein those things. The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also has its
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permissions set such that only the owner of the file (the user that
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is running as) can access it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein desire greater flexibility in allowing other users to access
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> commands, then you need to create
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> file and make it group
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein readable by a group
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that contains the users who should have access.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews To disable the command channel, use an empty
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>controls { };</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="include_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>;</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="include_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> statement inserts the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt specified file at the point where the <span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statement is encountered. The <span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement facilitates the administration of configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by permitting the reading or writing of some things but not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein others. For example, the statement could include private keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are readable only by the name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="key_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em> {
ed38240f42ff9bc19d95669a2a4743b9ff7e7a64Tinderbox User algorithm <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em>;
ed38240f42ff9bc19d95669a2a4743b9ff7e7a64Tinderbox User secret <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="key_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> statement defines a shared
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt secret key for use with TSIG (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the command channel
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> statement can occur at the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of the configuration file or inside a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statement. Keys defined in top-level <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements can be used in all views. Keys intended for use in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt a <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be defined at the top level.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>, also known as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name, is a domain name uniquely identifying the key. It can
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt be used in a <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement to cause requests sent to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to be signed with this key, or in address match lists to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein verify that incoming requests have been signed with a key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this name, algorithm, and secret.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em> is a string
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User that specifies a security/authentication algorithm. The
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server supports <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews and <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code> TSIG authentication.
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews Truncated hashes are supported by appending the minimum
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews number of required bits preceded by a dash, e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em> is the secret
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews to be used by the algorithm, and is treated as a base-64
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews encoded string.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="logging_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> {
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [ <span class="command"><strong>channel</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> {
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt ( <span class="command"><strong>file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [ <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> | <span class="command"><strong>unlimited</strong></span> ) ]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [ <span class="command"><strong>size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt | <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>syslog_facility</code></em>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt | <span class="command"><strong>stderr</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt | <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span> );
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [ <span class="command"><strong>severity</strong></span> (<code class="option">critical</code> | <code class="option">error</code> | <code class="option">warning</code> | <code class="option">notice</code> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">info</code> | <code class="option">debug</code> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em> ] | <code class="option">dynamic</code> ); ]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [ <span class="command"><strong>print-category</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [ <span class="command"><strong>print-severity</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [ <span class="command"><strong>print-time</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [ <span class="command"><strong>buffered</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [ <span class="command"><strong>category</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>category_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; [ <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; ... ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="logging_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> statement configures a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt variety of logging options for the name server. Its <span class="command"><strong>channel</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associates output methods, format options and severity levels with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt a name that can then be used with the <span class="command"><strong>category</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to select how various classes of messages are logged.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Only one <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> statement is used to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt as many channels and categories as are wanted. If there is no <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the logging configuration will be:
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson category unmatched { null; };
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is started with the
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User <code class="option">-L</code> option, it logs to the specified file
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User at startup, instead of using syslog. In this case the logging
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User configuration will be:
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User category default { default_logfile; default_debug; };
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User category unmatched { null; };
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the logging configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only established when
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews the entire configuration file has been parsed. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, it was
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt established as soon as the <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was parsed. When the server is starting up, all logging messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regarding syntax errors in the configuration file go to the default
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User channels, or to standard error if the <code class="option">-g</code> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="channel"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>channel</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All log output goes to one or more <span class="emphasis"><em>channels</em></span>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you can make as many of them as you want.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Every channel definition must include a destination clause that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein says whether messages selected for the channel go to a file, to a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein particular syslog facility, to the standard error stream, or are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discarded. It can optionally also limit the message severity level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that will be accepted by the channel (the default is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>info</strong></span>), and whether to include a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>-generated time stamp, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and/or severity level (the default is not to include any).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein causes all messages sent to the channel to be discarded;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that case, other options for the channel are meaningless.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>file</strong></span> destination clause directs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to a disk file. It can include limitations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both on how large the file is allowed to become, and how many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file will be saved each time the file is opened.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If you use the <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span> log file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option, then
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will retain that many backup
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein versions of the file by
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews renaming them when opening. For example, if you choose to keep
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews three old versions
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews of the file <code class="filename">lamers.log</code>, then just
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before it is opened
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code> is renamed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.2</code>, <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code> is renamed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code>, and <code class="filename">lamers.log</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renamed to <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt You can say <span class="command"><strong>versions unlimited</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the number of versions.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If a <span class="command"><strong>size</strong></span> option is associated with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log file,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then renaming is only done when the file being opened exceeds the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated size. No backup versions are kept by default; any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log file is simply appended.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>size</strong></span> option for files is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to limit log
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt growth. If the file ever exceeds the size, then <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt stop writing to the file unless it has a <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with it. If backup versions are kept, the files are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein described above and a new one begun. If there is no
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span> option, no more data will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be written to the log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein until some out-of-band mechanism removes or truncates the log to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein less than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum size. The default behavior is not to limit the size of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Example usage of the <span class="command"><strong>size</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span> options:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel an_example_channel {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce file "example.log" versions 3 size 20m;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce print-time yes;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce print-category yes;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the system log. Its argument is a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt syslog facility as described in the <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> man
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt page. Known facilities are <span class="command"><strong>kern</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>user</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>mail</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>daemon</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>auth</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>lpr</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>news</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>uucp</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>cron</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>authpriv</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ftp</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local0</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local1</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>local2</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local3</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local4</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>local5</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local6</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>local7</strong></span>, however not all facilities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all operating systems.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt How <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> will handle messages
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt this facility is described in the <span class="command"><strong>syslog.conf</strong></span> man
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt page. If you have a system which uses a very old version of <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> that
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt only uses two arguments to the <span class="command"><strong>openlog()</strong></span> function,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then this clause is silently ignored.
8a8a1fe98c89d0c683387b15a93b36ee7fe34b77Tinderbox User On Windows machines syslog messages are directed to the EventViewer.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>severity</strong></span> clause works like <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span>'s
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "priorities", except that they can also be used if you are writing
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt straight to a file rather than using <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages which are not at least of the severity level given will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be selected for the channel; messages of higher severity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be accepted.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If you are using <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span>, then the <span class="command"><strong>syslog.conf</strong></span> priorities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will also determine what eventually passes through. For example,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt defining a channel facility and severity as <span class="command"><strong>daemon</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>debug</strong></span> but
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt only logging <span class="command"><strong>daemon.warning</strong></span> via <span class="command"><strong>syslog.conf</strong></span> will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt cause messages of severity <span class="command"><strong>info</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notice</strong></span> to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt be dropped. If the situation were reversed, with <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> writing
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt messages of only <span class="command"><strong>warning</strong></span> or higher,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt then <span class="command"><strong>syslogd</strong></span> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print all messages it received from the channel.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>stderr</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the server's standard error stream. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use when the server is running as a foreground process, for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when debugging a configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server can supply extensive debugging information when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is in debugging mode. If the server's global debug level is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than zero, then debugging mode will be active. The global debug
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt level is set either by starting the <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the <code class="option">-d</code> flag followed by a positive integer,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt or by running <span class="command"><strong>rndc trace</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The global debug level
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt can be set to zero, and debugging mode turned off, by running <span class="command"><strong>rndc
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinnotrace</strong></span>. All debugging messages in the server have a debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level, and higher debug levels give more detailed output. Channels
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that specify a specific debug severity, for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel specific_debug_level {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce severity debug 3;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will get debugging output of level 3 or less any time the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server is in debugging mode, regardless of the global debugging
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt level. Channels with <span class="command"><strong>dynamic</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's global debug level to determine what messages to print.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>print-time</strong></span> has been turned on,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the date and time will be logged. <span class="command"><strong>print-time</strong></span> may
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt be specified for a <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> channel,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but is usually
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt pointless since <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> also logs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt time. If <span class="command"><strong>print-category</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requested, then the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt category of the message will be logged as well. Finally, if <span class="command"><strong>print-severity</strong></span> is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt on, then the severity level of the message will be logged. The <span class="command"><strong>print-</strong></span> options may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in any combination, and will always be printed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order: time, category, severity. Here is an example where all
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt three <span class="command"><strong>print-</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">28-Feb-2000 15:05:32.863 general: notice: running</code>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>buffered</strong></span> has been turned on the output
a3ff24aaa545c45b8c581b2127d02d735aff8881Tinderbox User to files will not be flushed after each log entry. By default
a3ff24aaa545c45b8c581b2127d02d735aff8881Tinderbox User all log messages are flushed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are four predefined channels that are used for
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>'s default logging as follows.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is started with the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt fifth channel <span class="command"><strong>default_logfile</strong></span> is added.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How they are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt used is described in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_category_phrase" title="The category Phrase">the section called “The <span class="command"><strong>category</strong></span> Phrase”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel default_syslog {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // send to syslog's daemon facility
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater syslog daemon;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // only send priority info and higher
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity info;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafssonchannel default_debug {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // write to named.run in the working directory
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // Note: stderr is used instead of "named.run" if
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User // the server is started with the '-g' option.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // log at the server's current debug level
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity dynamic;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafssonchannel default_stderr {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // writes to stderr
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // only send priority info and higher
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity info;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // toss anything sent to this channel
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox Userchannel default_logfile {
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User // this channel is only present if named is
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User // started with the -L option, whose argument
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User // provides the file name
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User // log at the server's current debug level
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User severity dynamic;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>default_debug</strong></span> channel has the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein property that it only produces output when the server's debug
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews nonzero. It normally writes to a file called <code class="filename">named.run</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the server's working directory.
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User For security reasons, when the <code class="option">-u</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option is used, the <code class="filename">named.run</code> file
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is created only after <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changed to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt new UID, and any debug output generated while <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein starting up and still running as root is discarded. If you need
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User to capture this output, you must run the server with the <code class="option">-L</code>
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User option to specify a default logfile, or the <code class="option">-g</code>
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User option to log to standard error which you can redirect to a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once a channel is defined, it cannot be redefined. Thus you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot alter the built-in channels directly, but you can modify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default logging by pointing categories at channels you have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="the_category_phrase"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>category</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are many categories, so you can send the logs you want
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to see wherever you want, without seeing logs you don't want. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you don't specify a list of channels for a category, then log
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in that category will be sent to the <span class="command"><strong>default</strong></span> category
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instead. If you don't specify a default category, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "default default" is used:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If you start <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> with the
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User <code class="option">-L</code> option then the default category is:
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_logfile; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As an example, let's say you want to log security events to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a file, but you also want keep the default logging behavior. You'd
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel my_security_channel {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce file "my_security_file";
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce severity info;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafssoncategory security {
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson my_security_channel;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson default_syslog;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson default_debug;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt To discard all messages in a category, specify the <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span> channel:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category xfer-out { null; };
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafssoncategory notify { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following are the available categories and brief descriptions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the types of log information they contain. More
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews categories may be added in future <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> releases.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>client</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Processing of client requests.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>cname</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Logs nameservers that are skipped due to them being
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User a CNAME rather than A / AAAA records.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>config</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Configuration file parsing and processing.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>database</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Messages relating to the databases used
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User internally by the name server to store zone and cache
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>default</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User The default category defines the logging
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User options for those categories where no specific
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User configuration has been
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>delegation-only</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Delegation only. Logs queries that have been
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User forced to NXDOMAIN as the result of a
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User delegation-only zone or a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>delegation-only</strong></span> in a
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User forward, hint or stub zone declaration.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>dispatch</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Dispatching of incoming packets to the
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User server modules where they are to be processed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>dnssec</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User DNSSEC and TSIG protocol processing.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span></p>
90d087cf9c73028362c63eaa41c87acc76fb8ec3Tinderbox User The "dnstap" DNS traffic capture system.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>edns-disabled</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Log queries that have been forced to use plain
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User DNS due to timeouts. This is often due to
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User the remote servers not being RFC 1034 compliant
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User (not always returning FORMERR or similar to
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User EDNS queries and other extensions to the DNS
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User when they are not understood). In other words, this is
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User targeted at servers that fail to respond to
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User DNS queries that they don't understand.
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Note: the log message can also be due to
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User packet loss. Before reporting servers for
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User non-RFC 1034 compliance they should be re-tested
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User to determine the nature of the non-compliance.
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User This testing should prevent or reduce the
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User number of false-positive reports.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Note: eventually <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will have to stop
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User treating such timeouts as due to RFC 1034 non
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User compliance and start treating it as plain
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User packet loss. Falsely classifying packet
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User loss as due to RFC 1034 non compliance impacts
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User on DNSSEC validation which requires EDNS for
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User the DNSSEC records to be returned.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>general</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User The catch-all. Many things still aren't
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User classified into categories, and they all end up here.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>lame-servers</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Lame servers. These are misconfigurations
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User in remote servers, discovered by BIND 9 when trying to
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User query those servers during resolution.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>network</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Network operations.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User The NOTIFY protocol.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>queries</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Specify where queries should be logged to.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt At startup, specifying the category <span class="command"><strong>queries</strong></span> will also
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt enable query logging unless <span class="command"><strong>querylog</strong></span> option has been
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User The query log entry reports the client's IP
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User address and port number, and the query name,
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User class and type. Next it reports whether the
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Recursion Desired flag was set (+ if set, -
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User if not set), if the query was signed (S),
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User EDNS was in used along with the EDNS version
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User number (E(#)), if TCP was used (T), if DO
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User (DNSSEC Ok) was set (D), if CD (Checking
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Disabled) was set (C), if a valid DNS Server
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User COOKIE was received (V), or if a DNS COOKIE
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User option without a valid Server COOKIE was
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User present (K). After this the destination
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User address the query was sent to is reported.
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#62536 (www.example.com): query: www.example.com IN AAAA +SE</code>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User <code class="computeroutput">client ::1#62537 (www.example.net): query: www.example.net IN AAAA -SE</code>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User (The first part of this log message, showing the
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User client address/port number and query name, is
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User repeated in all subsequent log messages related
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User to the same query.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>query-errors</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Information about queries that resulted in some
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User The start, periodic, and final notices of the
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User rate limiting of a stream of responses are logged at
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>info</strong></span> severity in this category.
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User These messages include a hash value of the domain name
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User of the response and the name itself,
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User except when there is insufficient memory to record
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User the name for the final notice
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User The final notice is normally delayed until about one
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User minute after rate limit stops.
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User A lack of memory can hurry the final notice,
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User in which case it starts with an asterisk (*).
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Various internal events are logged at debug 1 level
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Rate limiting of individual requests
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is logged in the <span class="command"><strong>query-errors</strong></span> category.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>resolver</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User DNS resolution, such as the recursive
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User lookups performed on behalf of clients by a caching name
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>rpz</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Information about errors in response policy zone files,
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User rewritten responses, and at the highest
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>debug</strong></span> levels, mere rewriting
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>security</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Approval and denial of requests.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>spill</strong></span></p>
41f0b3e098448867a0e7d41705214b650f3fccb3Tinderbox User Logs queries that have been terminated, either by dropping
41f0b3e098448867a0e7d41705214b650f3fccb3Tinderbox User or responding with SERVFAIL, as a result of a fetchlimit
41f0b3e098448867a0e7d41705214b650f3fccb3Tinderbox User quota being exceeded.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>unmatched</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Messages that <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> was unable to determine the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt class of or for which there was no matching <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt A one line summary is also logged to the <span class="command"><strong>client</strong></span> category.
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User default it is sent to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span> channel.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>update</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Dynamic updates.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>update-security</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Approval and denial of update requests.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>xfer-in</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Zone transfers the server is receiving.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>xfer-out</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Zone transfers the server is sending.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="query_errors"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>query-errors</strong></span> Category</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>query-errors</strong></span> category is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater specifically intended for debugging purposes: To identify
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater why and how specific queries result in responses which
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater indicate an error.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Messages of this category are therefore only logged
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with <span class="command"><strong>debug</strong></span> levels.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 1 or higher, each response with the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater rcode of SERVFAIL is logged as follows:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#61502: query failed (SERVFAIL) for www.example.com/IN/AAAA at query.c:3880</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This means an error resulting in SERVFAIL was
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater detected at line 3880 of source file
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Log messages of this level will particularly
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater help identify the cause of SERVFAIL for an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater authoritative server.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 2 or higher, detailed context
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater information of recursive resolutions that resulted in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL is logged.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The log message will look like as follows:
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterfetch completed at resolver.c:2970 for www.example.com/A
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterin 30.000183: timed out/success [domain:example.com,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterreferral:2,restart:7,qrysent:8,timeout:5,lame:0,neterr:0,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterbadresp:1,adberr:0,findfail:0,valfail:0]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The first part before the colon shows that a recursive
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolution for AAAA records of www.example.com completed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater in 30.000183 seconds and the final result that led to the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL was determined at line 2970 of source file
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The following part shows the detected final result and the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater latest result of DNSSEC validation.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The latter is always success when no validation attempt
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In this example, this query resulted in SERVFAIL probably
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater because all name servers are down or unreachable, leading
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to a timeout in 30 seconds.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation was probably not attempted.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The last part enclosed in square brackets shows statistics
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater information collected for this particular resolution
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <code class="varname">domain</code> field shows the deepest zone
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater that the resolver reached;
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater it is the zone where the error was finally detected.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The meaning of the other fields is summarized in the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater following table.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">referral</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of referrals the resolver received
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater throughout the resolution process.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In the above example this is 2, which are most
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">restart</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of cycles that the resolver tried
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater remote servers at the <code class="varname">domain</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In each cycle the resolver sends one query
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater (possibly resending it, depending on the response)
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to each known name server of
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">qrysent</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of queries the resolver sent at the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">timeout</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of timeouts since the resolver
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater received the last response.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of lame servers the resolver detected
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater A server is detected to be lame either by an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater invalid response or as a result of lookup in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater BIND9's address database (ADB), where lame
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater servers are cached.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">neterr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of erroneous results that the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver encountered in sending queries
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case is the remote server is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater unreachable and the resolver receives an ICMP
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater unreachable error message.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">badresp</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of unexpected responses (other than
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">lame</code>) to queries sent by the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">adberr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures in finding remote server addresses
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater of the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone in the ADB.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case of this is that the remote
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater server's name does not have any address records.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">findfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of resolving remote server addresses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is a total number of failures throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">valfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of DNSSEC validation.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Validation failures are counted throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process (not limited to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone), but should
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater only happen in <code class="varname">domain</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 3 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 1 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Note that negative responses such as NXDOMAIN are not
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater regarded as errors here.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 4 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 2 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Unlike the above case of level 3, messages are logged for
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater negative responses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is because any unexpected results can be difficult to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater debug in the recursion case.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="lwres_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This is the grammar of the <span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> {
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> listen-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ;
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> view <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> search { <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ndots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> lwres-tasks <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> lwres-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="lwres_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> statement configures the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews server to also act as a lightweight resolver server. (See
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#lwresd" title="Running a Resolver Daemon">the section called “Running a Resolver Daemon”</a>.) There may be multiple
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> statements configuring
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lightweight resolver servers with different properties.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> statement specifies a
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User IPv4 addresses (and ports) that this instance of a lightweight
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User resolver daemon
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should accept requests on. If no port is specified, port 921 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If this statement is omitted, requests will be accepted on
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement binds this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instance of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lightweight resolver daemon to a view in the DNS namespace, so that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response will be constructed in the same manner as a normal DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this view. If this statement is omitted, the default view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used, and if there is no default view, an error is triggered.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>search</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>search</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It provides a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of domains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which are appended to relative names in queries.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>ndots</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ndots</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It indicates the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of dots in a relative domain name that should result in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exact match lookup before search path elements are appended.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User The <code class="option">lwres-tasks</code> statement specifies the number
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User of worker threads the lightweight resolver will dedicate to serving
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User clients. By default the number is the same as the number of CPUs on
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User the system; this can be overridden using the <code class="option">-n</code>
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User command line option when starting the server.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User The <code class="option">lwres-clients</code> specifies
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User the number of client objects per thread the lightweight
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User resolver should create to serve client queries.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User By default, if the lightweight resolver runs as a part
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>, 256 client objects are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt created for each task; if it runs as <span class="command"><strong>lwresd</strong></span>,
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User 1024 client objects are created for each thread. The maximum
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User value is 32768; higher values will be silently ignored and
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User the maximum will be used instead.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User Note that setting too high a value may overconsume
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User system resources.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User The maximum number of client queries that the lightweight
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User resolver can handle at any one time equals
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User <code class="option">lwres-tasks</code> times <code class="option">lwres-clients</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="masters_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> |
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="masters_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<p><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews lists allow for a common set of masters to be easily used by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt multiple stub and slave zones in their <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt or <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="options_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This is the grammar of the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> {
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> attach-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> version <em class="replaceable"><code>version_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> hostname <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> server-id <em class="replaceable"><code>server_id_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnstap { <em class="replaceable"><code>message_type</code></em>; ... }; </span>]
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnstap-output ( <code class="literal">file</code> | <code class="literal">unix</code> ) <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnstap-identity ( <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> | <code class="literal">hostname</code> | <code class="literal">none</code> ); </span>]
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnstap-version ( <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> | <code class="literal">none</code> ); </span>]
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> geoip-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> managed-keys-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> named-xfer <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-keytab <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-credential <em class="replaceable"><code>principal</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tkey-domain <em class="replaceable"><code>domainname</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tkey-dhkey <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_tag</code></em>; </span>]
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> cache-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dump-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> bindkeys-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> lock-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> secroots-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> session-keyfile <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> session-keyname <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em>; </span>]
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> session-keyalg <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em>; </span>]
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> memstatistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> memstatistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pid-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> recursing-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> statistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> auth-nxdomain <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> nxdomain-redirect <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> deallocate-on-exit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> fake-iquery <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> fetch-glue <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> flush-zones-on-shutdown <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> has-old-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> host-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> host-statistics-max <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> minimal-any <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> minimal-responses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multiple-cnames <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em>; </span>]
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> recursion <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
aa6c5a3e331958d3c92c2facdbd2b8daa55b5959Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> send-cookie <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> require-server-cookie <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> cookie-algorithm <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em>; </span>]
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> cookie-secret <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em>; </span>]
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> nocookie-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-nsid <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> rfc2308-type1 <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-id-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences (<em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <code class="constant">master</code> | <code class="constant">slave</code>); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> auto-dnssec <code class="constant">allow</code>|<code class="constant">maintain</code>|<code class="constant">off</code>; </span>]
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-validation (<em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <code class="constant">auto</code>); </span>]
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-lookaside ( <em class="replaceable"><code>auto</code></em> |
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>no</code></em> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> trust-anchor <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> ); </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-must-be-secure <em class="replaceable"><code>domain yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-accept-expired <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forward ( <em class="replaceable"><code>only</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>first</code></em> ); </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dual-stack-servers [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] {
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User ( <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] |
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]) ;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews ... }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-names ( <em class="replaceable"><code>master</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>slave</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>response</code></em> )
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-dup-records ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-mx-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-srv-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-sibling <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-spf ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-new-zones { <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> automatic-interface-scan { <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> }; </span>]
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> geoip-use-ecs <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>;</span>]
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-update-mode ( <em class="replaceable"><code>maintain</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>no-resign</code></em> ); </span>]
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-loadkeys-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-v6-synthesis { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> blackhole { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> keep-response-order { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
e62b9c9ce6413fb183c8116381e75dcd07ca5517Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> no-case-compress { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> message-compression <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> avoid-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> avoid-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> listen-on [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> listen-on-v6 [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews{ <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> query-source ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] |
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] )
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] |
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] )
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
b3c2030de4cc02b8e881ca4e6f62b385d4b41b0fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-updateinterval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> reserved-sockets <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> recursive-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> tcp-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> fetches-per-server <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>(drop | fail)</code></em></span>]; </span>]
199045f81d2c312411fc0d6a6f8dc56968daa679Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> fetch-quota-params <em class="replaceable"><code>number fixedpoint fixedpoint fixedpoint</code></em> ; </span>]
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> fetches-per-zone <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>(drop | fail)</code></em></span>]; </span>]
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> startup-notify-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> serial-query-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> serial-queries <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tcp-listen-queue <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-message-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfers-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfers-per-ns <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> also-notify [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ) [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>keyname</code></em></span>] ; ... }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> coresize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> datasize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> files <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> stacksize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> heartbeat-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> interface-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> statistics-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> topology { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sortlist { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> rrset-order { <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; ... </span>] </span>] };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> lame-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ncache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-cache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-zone-ttl ( <code class="constant">unlimited</code> | <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> serial-update-method <code class="constant">increment</code>|<code class="constant">unixtime</code>|<code class="constant">date</code>; </span>]
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> servfail-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-roots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-expire <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> treat-cr-as-space <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> nta-lifetime <em class="replaceable"><code>duration</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> nta-recheck <em class="replaceable"><code>duration</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> additional-from-auth <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> additional-from-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> random-device <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-cache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_or_percent</code></em> ; </span>]
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> match-mapped-addresses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> filter-aaaa-on-v4 ( <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>break-dnssec</code></em> ); </span>]
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> filter-aaaa-on-v6 ( <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>break-dnssec</code></em> ); </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> filter-aaaa { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dns64 <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6-prefix</code></em> {
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> mapped { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
66edf659b7e4db8a36edec0beaf507ff3199fc22Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> suffix <em class="replaceable"><code>IPv6-address</code></em>; </span>]
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> break-dnssec <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dns64-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dns64-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> preferred-glue ( <em class="replaceable"><code>A</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>AAAA</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>NONE</code></em> ); </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-rsa-exponent-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> root-delegation-only [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>] ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> querylog <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> disable-algorithms <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>;
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> disable-ds-digests <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>digest_type</code></em>;
df6faef67126d1277b0f21defd41c54994bf6fcfMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>digest_type</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> acache-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> acache-cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
d6984fd680db88faad5be52edef2416dd20488baTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-acache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
a17033f2c453688fde9719bced70b44553431759Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-recursion-depth <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-recursion-queries <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews (<code class="constant">relative</code>|<code class="constant">full</code>) ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> empty-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> empty-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> empty-zones-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> disable-empty-zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> resolver-query-timeout <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-addresses { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> deny-answer-aliases { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } [<span class="optional"> except-from { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>];</span>]
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> prefetch <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> responses-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> referrals-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> nodata-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> nxdomains-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> errors-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> all-per-second <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> window <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> log-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> qps-scale <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> ipv4-prefix-length <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> ipv6-prefix-length <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> slip <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> exempt-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> } ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-table-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-table-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3e240d6559605696cadf630668683708b18de871Tinderbox User zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em>
3e240d6559605696cadf630668683708b18de871Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> policy <em class="replaceable"><code>(given | disabled | passthru | drop |
a8a5c3eb62ea3256fd015fffd12a8a7552331df9Tinderbox User tcp-only | nxdomain | nodata | cname domain</code></em>) </span>]
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
a8a5c3eb62ea3256fd015fffd12a8a7552331df9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> log <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
3e240d6559605696cadf630668683708b18de871Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-policy-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> </span>]
871ab4edd87bc1c047658c3e2b92c629c58dbb38Tinderbox User } [<span class="optional"> recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
871ab4edd87bc1c047658c3e2b92c629c58dbb38Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-policy-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> </span>]
871ab4edd87bc1c047658c3e2b92c629c58dbb38Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> break-dnssec <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
871ab4edd87bc1c047658c3e2b92c629c58dbb38Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-ns-dots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> </span>]
871ab4edd87bc1c047658c3e2b92c629c58dbb38Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> nsip-wait-recurse <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> qname-wait-recurse <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
0c487f4b6eade1440ea40f5a5ffc9b5fd4c41ed1Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> automatic-interface-scan <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> </span>]
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User zone <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }</span>]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [<span class="optional">in-memory <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">min-update-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span>]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [<span class="optional">v6-bias <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<a name="options"></a><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement sets up global
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater to be used by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>. This statement
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater may appear only
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater once in a configuration file. If there is no <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater statement, an options block with each option set to its default will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Allows multiple views to share a single cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Each view has its own cache database by default, but
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater if multiple views have the same operational policy
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for name resolution and caching, those views can
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater share a single cache to save memory and possibly
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater improve resolution efficiency by using this option.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span> option
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater may also be specified in <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User statements, in which case it overrides the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater global <span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span> option.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em> specifies
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the cache to be shared.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater When the <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server configures
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User views which are supposed to share a cache, it
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater creates a cache with the specified name for the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater first view of these sharing views.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The rest of the views will simply refer to the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater already created cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater One common configuration to share a cache would be to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater allow all views to share a single cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater This can be done by specifying
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the <span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span> as a global
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater option with an arbitrary name.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Another possible operation is to allow a subset of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater all views to share a cache while the others to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater retain their own caches.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater For example, if there are three views A, B, and C,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater and only A and B should share a cache, specify the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span> option as a view A (or
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater B)'s option, referring to the other view name:
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view has its own cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view refers to A's cache
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt attach-cache "A";
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt // this view has its own cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Views that share a cache must have the same policy
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User on configurable parameters that may affect caching.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The current implementation requires the following
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater configurable options be consistent among these
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>cleaning-interval</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-cache-ttl</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span>,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-cache-size</strong></span>, and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Note that there may be other parameters that may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause confusion if they are inconsistent for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein different views that share a single cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, if these views define different sets of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarders that can return different answers for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein same question, sharing the answer does not make
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sense or could even be harmful.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is administrator's responsibility to ensure
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration differences in different views do
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews not cause disruption with a shared cache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>directory</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The working directory of the server.
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User Any non-absolute pathnames in the configuration file will be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt as relative to this directory. The default location for most
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User output files (e.g. <code class="filename">named.run</code>)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is this directory.
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User If a directory is not specified, the working directory
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt defaults to `<code class="filename">.</code>', the directory from
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User which the server
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User was started. The directory specified should be an absolute
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span></span></dt>
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> is a fast, flexible method
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User for capturing and logging DNS traffic. Developed by
9d557856c2a19ec95ee73245f60a92f8675cf5baTinderbox User Robert Edmonds at Farsight Security, Inc., and supported
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by multiple DNS implementations, <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>libfstrm</strong></span> (a lightweight high-speed
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User framing library, see
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="https://github.com/farsightsec/fstrm" target="_top">https://github.com/farsightsec/fstrm</a>) to send
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt event payloads which are encoded using Protocol Buffers
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User (<span class="command"><strong>libprotobuf-c</strong></span>, a mechanism for
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User serializing structured data developed
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User by Google, Inc.; see
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/" target="_top">https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers</a>).
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User To enable <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> at compile time,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the <span class="command"><strong>fstrm</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>protobuf-c</strong></span>
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User libraries must be available, and BIND must be configured with
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> option is a bracketed list
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User of message types to be logged. These may be set differently
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User for each view. Supported types are <code class="literal">client</code>,
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <code class="literal">auth</code>, <code class="literal">resolver</code>, and
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <code class="literal">forwarder</code>. Specifying type
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <code class="literal">all</code> will cause all <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User messages to be logged, regardless of type.
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User Each type may take an additional argument to indicate whether
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User to log <code class="literal">query</code> messages or
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <code class="literal">response</code> messages; if not specified,
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User both queries and responses are logged.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Example: To log all authoritative queries and responses,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt recursive client responses, and upstream queries sent by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the resolver, use:
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User client response;
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User resolver query;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Logged <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> messages can be parsed
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User using the <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-read</strong></span> utility (see
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <a class="xref" href="man.dnstap-read.html" title="dnstap-read"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnstap-read</span></span>(1)</a> for details).
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User For more information on <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>, see
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://dnstap.info" target="_top">http://dnstap.info</a>.
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnstap-output</strong></span></span></dt>
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User Configures the path to which the <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User frame stream will be sent if <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User is enabled at compile time and active.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The first argument is either <code class="literal">file</code> or
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <code class="literal">unix</code>, indicating whether the destination
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is a file or a UNIX domain socket. The second argument
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is the path of the file or socket. (Note: when using a
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User socket, <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> messages will
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User only be sent if another process such as
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>fstrm_capture</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User (provided with <span class="command"><strong>libfstrm</strong></span>) is listening on
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the socket.)
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-output</strong></span> can only be set globally
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User in <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>. Currently, it can only be
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User set once while <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is running;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt once set, it cannot be changed by
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>rndc reload</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc reconfig</strong></span>.
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnstap-identity</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specifies an <span class="command"><strong>identity</strong></span> string to send in
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> messages. If set to
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User <code class="literal">hostname</code>, which is the default, the
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User server's hostname will be sent. If set to
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User <code class="literal">none</code>, no identity string will be sent.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnstap-version</strong></span></span></dt>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User Specifies a <span class="command"><strong>version</strong></span> string to send in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> messages. The default is the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User version number of the BIND release. If set to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <code class="literal">none</code>, no version string will be sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>geoip-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater Specifies the directory containing GeoIP
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <code class="filename">.dat</code> database files for GeoIP
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater initialization. By default, this option is unset
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater and the GeoIP support will use libGeoIP's
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater built-in directory.
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater (For details, see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl" title="acl Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Usage”</a> about the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>geoip</strong></span> ACL.)
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User When performing dynamic update of secure zones, the
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User directory where the public and private DNSSEC key files
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User should be found, if different than the current working
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User directory. (Note that this option has no effect on the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt paths for files containing non-DNSSEC keys such as
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User Specifies the directory in which to store the files that
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User track managed DNSSEC keys. By default, this is the working
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User If <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is not configured to use views,
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User then managed keys for the server will be tracked in a single
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User file called <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind</code>.
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User Otherwise, managed keys will be tracked in separate files,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User one file per view; each file name will be the view name
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (or, if it contains characters that are incompatible with
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User use as a file name, the SHA256 hash of the view name),
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews followed by the extension
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (Note: in previous releases, file names for views
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews always used the SHA256 hash of the view name. To ensure
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User compatibility after upgrade, if a file using the old
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt name format is found to exist, it will be used instead
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User of the new format.)
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>named-xfer</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete.</em></span> It
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to specify
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the pathname to the <span class="command"><strong>named-xfer</strong></span>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews program. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, no separate
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>named-xfer</strong></span> program is needed;
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews its functionality is built into the name server.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tkey-gssapi-keytab</strong></span></span></dt>
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater The KRB5 keytab file to use for GSS-TSIG updates. If
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater this option is set and tkey-gssapi-credential is not
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater set, then updates will be allowed with any key
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt matching a principal in the specified keytab.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tkey-gssapi-credential</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The security credential with which the server should
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User authenticate keys requested by the GSS-TSIG protocol.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Currently only Kerberos 5 authentication is available
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and the credential is a Kerberos principal which the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt server can acquire through the default system key
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews file, normally <code class="filename">/etc/krb5.keytab</code>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The location keytab file can be overridden using the
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater tkey-gssapi-keytab option. Normally this principal is
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews of the form "<strong class="userinput"><code>DNS/</code></strong><code class="varname">server.domain</code>".
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews To use GSS-TSIG, <span class="command"><strong>tkey-domain</strong></span> must
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews also be set if a specific keytab is not set with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt tkey-gssapi-keytab.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tkey-domain</strong></span></span></dt>
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater The domain appended to the names of all shared keys
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater generated with <span class="command"><strong>TKEY</strong></span>. When a
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User client requests a <span class="command"><strong>TKEY</strong></span> exchange,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt it may or may not specify the desired name for the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User key. If present, the name of the shared key will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be <code class="varname">client specified part</code> +
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>. Otherwise, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name of the shared key will be <code class="varname">random hex
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt digits</code> + <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In most cases, the <span class="command"><strong>domainname</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be the server's domain name, or an otherwise
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-existent subdomain like
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "_tkey.<code class="varname">domainname</code>". If you are
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User using GSS-TSIG, this variable must be defined, unless
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt you specify a specific keytab using tkey-gssapi-keytab.
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tkey-dhkey</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The Diffie-Hellman key used by the server
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to generate shared keys with clients using the Diffie-Hellman
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <span class="command"><strong>TKEY</strong></span>. The server must be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt able to load the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein public and private keys from files in the working directory.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt most cases, the keyname should be the server's host name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>cache-file</strong></span></span></dt>
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews This is for testing only. Do not use.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dump-file</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The pathname of the file the server dumps
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the database to when instructed to do so with
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>rndc dumpdb</strong></span>.
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named_dump.db</code>.
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>memstatistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User The pathname of the file the server writes memory
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User usage statistics to on exit. If not specified,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the default is <code class="filename">named.memstats</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>lock-file</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The pathname of a file on which <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User attempt to acquire a file lock when starting up for
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User the first time; if unsuccessful, the server will
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User will terminate, under the assumption that another
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User server is already running. If not specified, the default is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.lock</code>.
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater Specifying <span class="command"><strong>lock-file none</strong></span> disables the
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater use of a lock file. <span class="command"><strong>lock-file</strong></span> is
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater ignored if <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> was run using the <code class="option">-X</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option, which overrides it. Changes to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>lock-file</strong></span> are ignored if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is being reloaded or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt reconfigured; it is only effective when the server is
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews first started up.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>pid-file</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews in. If not specified, the default is
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The PID file is used by programs that want to send signals to
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User name server. Specifying <span class="command"><strong>pid-file none</strong></span> disables the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt use of a PID file — no file will be written and any
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User existing one will be removed. Note that <span class="command"><strong>none</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a keyword, not a filename, and therefore is not enclosed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein double quotes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>recursing-file</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The pathname of the file the server dumps
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the queries that are currently recursing when instructed
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to do so with <span class="command"><strong>rndc recursing</strong></span>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.recursing</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater The pathname of the file the server appends statistics
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater to when instructed to do so using <span class="command"><strong>rndc stats</strong></span>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.stats</code> in the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt server's current directory. The format of the file is
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>bindkeys-file</strong></span></span></dt>
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater The pathname of a file to override the built-in trusted
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User keys provided by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the discussion of <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User and <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span> for details.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>secroots-file</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server dumps
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt security roots to when instructed to do so with
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>rndc secroots</strong></span>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <code class="filename">named.secroots</code>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>session-keyfile</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file into which to write a TSIG
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User session key generated by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> for use by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate -l</strong></span>. If not specified, the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User default is <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater (See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>, and in
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater particular the discussion of the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement's
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong> option for more
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User information about this feature.)
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>session-keyname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The key name to use for the TSIG session key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is "local-ddns".
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>session-keyalg</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The algorithm to use for the TSIG session key.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Valid values are hmac-sha1, hmac-sha224, hmac-sha256,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt hmac-sha384, hmac-sha512 and hmac-md5. If not
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User specified, the default is hmac-sha256.
ef8014e56f35bb36daa5fd2c313f5e7963e97aa1Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User receiving and sending DNS protocol traffic.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is 53. This option is mainly intended for server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a server using a port other than 53 will not be able to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein communicate with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the global DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dscp</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The global Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value to classify outgoing DNS traffic on operating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein systems that support DSCP. Valid values are 0 through 63.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is not configured by default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>random-device</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The source of entropy to be used by the server. Entropy is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein primarily needed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for DNSSEC operations, such as TKEY transactions and dynamic
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User update of signed
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt zones. This options specifies the device (or file) from which
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews entropy. If this is a file, operations requiring entropy will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail when the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file has been exhausted. If not specified, the default value
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User (or equivalent) when present, and none otherwise. The
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>random-device</strong></span> option takes
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the initial configuration load at server startup time and
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater is ignored on subsequent reloads.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>preferred-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater If specified, the listed type (A or AAAA) will be emitted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before other glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the additional section of a query response.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The default is to prefer A records when responding
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater to queries that arrived via IPv4 and AAAA when
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater responding to queries that arrived via IPv6.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<a name="root_delegation_only"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>root-delegation-only</strong></span></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Turn on enforcement of delegation-only in TLDs
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater (top level domains) and root zones with an optional
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater DS queries are expected to be made to and be answered by
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater delegation only zones. Such queries and responses are
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater treated as an exception to delegation-only processing
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater and are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses provided
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater a CNAME is not discovered at the query name.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater If a delegation only zone server also serves a child
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater zone it is not always possible to determine whether
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User an answer comes from the delegation only zone or the
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater child zone. SOA NS and DNSKEY records are apex
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater only records and a matching response that contains
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater these records or DS is treated as coming from a
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater child zone. RRSIG records are also examined to see
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User if they are signed by a child zone or not. The
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater authority section is also examined to see if there
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater is evidence that the answer is from the child zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Answers that are determined to be from a child zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses. Despite
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all these checks there is still a possibility of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews false negatives when a child zone is being served.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Similarly false positives can arise from empty nodes
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (no records at the name) in the delegation only zone
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User when the query type is not ANY.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note some TLDs are not delegation only (e.g. "DE", "LV",
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt "US" and "MUSEUM"). This list is not exhaustive.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User root-delegation-only exclude { "de"; "lv"; "us"; "museum"; };
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>disable-algorithms</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Disable the specified DNSSEC algorithms at and below the
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User specified name.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Multiple <span class="command"><strong>disable-algorithms</strong></span>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User statements are allowed.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Only the best match <span class="command"><strong>disable-algorithms</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt clause will be used to determine which algorithms are used.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User If all supported algorithms are disabled, the zones covered
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User by the <span class="command"><strong>disable-algorithms</strong></span> will be treated
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>disable-ds-digests</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Disable the specified DS/DLV digest types at and below the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater specified name.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Multiple <span class="command"><strong>disable-ds-digests</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statements are allowed.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater Only the best match <span class="command"><strong>disable-ds-digests</strong></span>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater clause will be used to determine which digest types are used.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If all supported digest types are disabled, the zones covered
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater by the <span class="command"><strong>disable-ds-digests</strong></span> will be treated
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span></span></dt>
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater When set, <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> provides the
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater validator with an alternate method to validate DNSKEY
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater records at the top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater below a domain specified by the deepest
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>, and the normal DNSSEC
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt validation has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater will be appended to the key name and a DLV record will be
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater looked up to see if it can validate the key. If the DLV
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater record validates a DNSKEY (similarly to the way a DS
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User record does) the DNSKEY RRset is deemed to be trusted.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, then built-in default
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater values for the DLV domain and trust anchor will be
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater used, along with a built-in key for validation.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then dnssec-lookaside
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default DLV key is stored in the file
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will load that key at
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater startup if <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <code class="constant">auto</code>. A copy of the file is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt installed along with <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, and is
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater current as of the release date. If the DLV key expires, a
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater new copy of <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> can be downloaded
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater from <a class="link" href="https://www.isc.org/solutions/dlv/" target="_top">https://www.isc.org/solutions/dlv/</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (To prevent problems if <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User not found, the current key is also compiled in to
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>. Relying on this is not
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater recommended, however, as it requires <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to be recompiled with a new key when the DLV key expires.)
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater NOTE: <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> only loads certain specific
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt keys from <code class="filename">bind.keys</code>: those for the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt DLV zone and for the DNS root zone. The file cannot be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt used to store keys for other zones.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-must-be-secure</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specify hierarchies which must be or may not be secure
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater (signed and validated). If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater then <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will only accept answers if
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater they are secure. If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then normal
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt DNSSEC validation applies allowing for insecure answers to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater be accepted. The specified domain must be under a
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> or
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement, or
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> must be active.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dns64</strong></span></span></dt>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater This directive instructs <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater return mapped IPv4 addresses to AAAA queries when
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt there are no AAAA records. It is intended to be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt used in conjunction with a NAT64. Each
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dns64</strong></span> defines one DNS64 prefix.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater Multiple DNS64 prefixes can be defined.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Compatible IPv6 prefixes have lengths of 32, 40, 48, 56,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt 64 and 96 as per RFC 6052.
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater Additionally a reverse IP6.ARPA zone will be created for
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater the prefix to provide a mapping from the IP6.ARPA names
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to the corresponding IN-ADDR.ARPA names using synthesized
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt CNAMEs. <span class="command"><strong>dns64-server</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dns64-contact</strong></span> can be used to specify
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User the name of the server and contact for the zones. These
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater are settable at the view / options level. These are
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater not settable on a per-prefix basis.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Each <span class="command"><strong>dns64</strong></span> supports an optional
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>clients</strong></span> ACL that determines which
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater clients are affected by this directive. If not defined,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt it defaults to <strong class="userinput"><code>any;</code></strong>.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Each <span class="command"><strong>dns64</strong></span> supports an optional
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>mapped</strong></span> ACL that selects which
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater IPv4 addresses are to be mapped in the corresponding
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater A RRset. If not defined it defaults to
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>any;</code></strong>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Normally, DNS64 won't apply to a domain name that
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater owns one or more AAAA records; these records will
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater simply be returned. The optional
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>exclude</strong></span> ACL allows specification
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater of a list of IPv6 addresses that will be ignored
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User if they appear in a domain name's AAAA records, and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt DNS64 will be applied to any A records the domain
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt name owns. If not defined, <span class="command"><strong>exclude</strong></span>
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater defaults to none.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User A optional <span class="command"><strong>suffix</strong></span> can also
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt be defined to set the bits trailing the mapped
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IPv4 address bits. By default these bits are
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater set to <strong class="userinput"><code>::</code></strong>. The bits
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater matching the prefix and mapped IPv4 address
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt must be zero.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater If <span class="command"><strong>recursive-only</strong></span> is set to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span> the DNS64 synthesis will
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater only happen for recursive queries. The default
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater If <span class="command"><strong>break-dnssec</strong></span> is set to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span> the DNS64 synthesis will
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater happen even if the result, if validated, would
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater cause a DNSSEC validation failure. If this option
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater is set to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span> (the default), the DO
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User is set on the incoming query, and there are RRSIGs on
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the applicable records, then synthesis will not happen.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User acl rfc1918 { 10/8; 192.168/16; 172.16/12; };
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User dns64 64:FF9B::/96 {
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt clients { any; };
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt mapped { !rfc1918; any; };
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When a zone is configured with <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater maintain;</strong></span> its key repository must be checked
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User periodically to see if any new keys have been added
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater or any existing keys' timing metadata has been updated
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater (see <a class="xref" href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></span>(8)</a> and
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <a class="xref" href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></span>(8)</a>). The
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span> option
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt sets the frequency of automatic repository checks, in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt minutes. The default is <code class="literal">60</code> (1 hour),
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater the minimum is <code class="literal">1</code> (1 minute), and the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt maximum is <code class="literal">1440</code> (24 hours); any higher
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater value is silently reduced.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-update-mode</strong></span></span></dt>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater If this option is set to its default value of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <code class="literal">maintain</code> in a zone of type
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <code class="literal">master</code> which is DNSSEC-signed
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater and configured to allow dynamic updates (see
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>), and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User if <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> has access to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt private signing key(s) for the zone, then
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will automatically sign all new
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater or changed records and maintain signatures for the zone
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by regenerating RRSIG records whenever they approach
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater their expiration date.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater If the option is changed to <code class="literal">no-resign</code>,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User then <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will sign all new or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt changed records, but scheduled maintenance of
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User signatures is disabled.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User With either of these settings, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt will reject updates to a DNSSEC-signed zone when the
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User signing keys are inactive or unavailable to
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>. (A planned third option,
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User <code class="literal">external</code>, will disable all automatic
6478b87fd23bcd3ab74c25b261021fe19a239c4fTinderbox User signing and allow DNSSEC data to be submitted into a zone
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User via dynamic update; this is not yet implemented.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>nta-lifetime</strong></span></span></dt>
8402f7bfea6ee33172c27e95965460b9c4e1b4daTinderbox User Species the default lifetime, in seconds,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt that will be used for negative trust anchors added
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User via <span class="command"><strong>rndc nta</strong></span>.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User A negative trust anchor selectively disables
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User DNSSEC validation for zones that are known to be
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User failing because of misconfiguration rather than
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User an attack. When data to be validated is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User at or below an active NTA (and above any other
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt configured trust anchors), <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User abort the DNSSEC validation process and treat the data as
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User insecure rather than bogus. This continues until the
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User NTA's lifetime is elapsed. NTAs persist
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt across <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> restarts.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User For convenience, TTL-style time unit suffixes can be
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User used to specify the NTA lifetime in seconds, minutes
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User or hours. <code class="option">nta-lifetime</code> defaults to
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User one hour. It cannot exceed one week.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>nta-recheck</strong></span></span></dt>
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User Species how often to check whether negative
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User trust anchors added via <span class="command"><strong>rndc nta</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User are still necessary.
6478b87fd23bcd3ab74c25b261021fe19a239c4fTinderbox User A negative trust anchor is normally used when a
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User domain has stopped validating due to operator error;
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User it temporarily disables DNSSEC validation for that
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User domain. In the interest of ensuring that DNSSEC
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User validation is turned back on as soon as possible,
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will periodically send a
78ec962d9828200d18cd0e41b7d6b9792a74923dTinderbox User query to the domain, ignoring negative trust anchors,
78ec962d9828200d18cd0e41b7d6b9792a74923dTinderbox User to find out whether it can now be validated. If so,
78ec962d9828200d18cd0e41b7d6b9792a74923dTinderbox User the negative trust anchor is allowed to expire early.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Validity checks can be disabled for an individual
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User NTA by using <span class="command"><strong>rndc nta -f</strong></span>, or
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User for all NTAs by setting <code class="option">nta-recheck</code>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User For convenience, TTL-style time unit suffixes can be
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User used to specify the NTA recheck interval in seconds,
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User minutes or hours. The default is five minutes. It
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User cannot be longer than <code class="option">nta-lifetime</code>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User (which cannot be longer than a week).
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-zone-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User Specifies a maximum permissible TTL value in seconds.
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User For convenience, TTL-style time unit suffixes may be
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User used to specify the maximum value.
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User When loading a zone file using a
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <code class="option">masterfile-format</code> of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <code class="constant">text</code> or <code class="constant">raw</code>,
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User any record encountered with a TTL higher than
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> will cause the zone to
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User This is useful in DNSSEC-signed zones because when
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User rolling to a new DNSKEY, the old key needs to remain
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User available until RRSIG records have expired from
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User caches. The <code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> option guarantees
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User that the largest TTL in the zone will be no higher
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt than the set value.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User (NOTE: Because <code class="constant">map</code>-format files
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User load directly into memory, this option cannot be
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User used with them.)
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User The default value is <code class="constant">unlimited</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt A <code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> of zero is treated as
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method</strong></span></span></dt>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Zones configured for dynamic DNS may use this
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User option to set the update method that will be used for
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User the zone serial number in the SOA record.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User With the default setting of
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method increment;</strong></span>, the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt SOA serial number will be incremented by one each time
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User the zone is updated.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method unixtime;</strong></span>, the
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User SOA serial number will be set to the number of seconds
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User since the UNIX epoch, unless the serial number is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt already greater than or equal to that value, in which
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User case it is simply incremented by one.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method date;</strong></span>, the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt new SOA serial number will be the current date
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in the form "YYYYMMDD", followed by two zeroes,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt unless the existing serial number is already greater
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User than or equal to that value, in which case it is
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User incremented by one.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <strong class="userinput"><code>full</code></strong>, the server will collect
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statistical data on all zones (unless specifically
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User turned off on a per-zone basis by specifying
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics terse</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics none</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement).
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>terse</code></strong>, providing
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User minimal statistics on zones (including name and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt current serial number, but not query type
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User These statistics may be accessed via the
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>statistics-channel</strong></span> or
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User using <span class="command"><strong>rndc stats</strong></span>, which
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User will dump them to the file listed
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User in the <span class="command"><strong>statistics-file</strong></span>. See
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User also <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For backward compatibility with earlier versions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of BIND 9, the <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User option can also accept <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>; <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User has the same meaning as <strong class="userinput"><code>full</code></strong>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User As of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.10,
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> has the same meaning
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User as <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>; previously, it
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User was the same as <strong class="userinput"><code>terse</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<a name="boolean_options"></a>Boolean Options</h4></div></div></div>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>automatic-interface-scan</strong></span></span></dt>
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and supported by the OS,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt automatically rescan network interfaces when the interface
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater addresses are added or removed. The default is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Currently the OS needs to support routing sockets for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>automatic-interface-scan</strong></span> to be
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-new-zones</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then zones can be
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User added at runtime via <span class="command"><strong>rndc addzone</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>auth-nxdomain</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the <span class="command"><strong>AA</strong></span> bit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is always set on NXDOMAIN responses, even if the server is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt authoritative. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>;
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater a change from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8. If you
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt are using very old DNS software, you
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews may need to set it to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>deallocate-on-exit</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8 to enable checking
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User for memory leaks on exit. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option and always performs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>memstatistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Write memory statistics to the file specified by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>memstatistics-file</strong></span> at exit.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> unless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein '-m record' is specified on the command line in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which case it is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User server treats all zones as if they are doing zone transfers
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt a dial-on-demand dialup link, which can be brought up by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt originating from this server. This has different effects
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to zone type and concentrates the zone maintenance so that
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews happens in a short interval, once every <span class="command"><strong>heartbeat-interval</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hopefully during the one call. It also suppresses some of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone maintenance traffic. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may also be specified in the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statements,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in which case it overrides the global <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the zone is a master zone, then the server will send out a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein request to all the slaves (default). This should trigger the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt number check in the slave (providing it supports NOTIFY)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowing the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to verify the zone while the connection is active.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The set of servers to which NOTIFY is sent can be controlled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is a slave or stub zone, then the server will suppress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "zone up to date" (refresh) queries and only perform them
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>heartbeat-interval</strong></span> expires in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addition to sending
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NOTIFY requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Finer control can be achieved by using
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong> which only sends NOTIFY
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong> which sends NOTIFY
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt messages and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt suppresses the normal refresh queries, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt which suppresses normal refresh processing and sends refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the <span class="command"><strong>heartbeat-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expires, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong> which just disables normal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein normal refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein heart-beat refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein heart-beat notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span> (default)</p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>refresh</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>notify-passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that normal NOTIFY processing is not affected by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fake-iquery</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enabled simulating the obsolete DNS query type
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User IQUERY. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 never does
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IQUERY simulation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fetch-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt In BIND 8, <strong class="userinput"><code>fetch-glue yes</code></strong>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User caused the server to attempt to fetch glue resource records
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User didn't have when constructing the additional
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User data section of a response. This is now considered a bad
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User and BIND 9 never does it.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User When the nameserver exits due receiving SIGTERM,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt flush or do not flush any pending zone writes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>geoip-use-ecs</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When BIND is compiled with GeoIP support and configured
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with "geoip" ACL elements, this option indicates whether
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the EDNS Client Subnet option, if present in a request,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User should be used for matching against the GeoIP database.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>geoip-use-ecs</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>has-old-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was incorrectly implemented
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, and is ignored by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt To achieve the intended effect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>has-old-clients</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, specify
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews the two separate options <span class="command"><strong>auth-nxdomain</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span class="command"><strong>rfc2308-type1</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> instead.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>host-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt In BIND 8, this enables keeping of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User statistics for every host that the name server interacts
e62b9c9ce6413fb183c8116381e75dcd07ca5517Tinderbox User Not implemented in BIND 9.
58021df88940e55ec62b2788dc727988208bd065Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>maintain-ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
58021df88940e55ec62b2788dc727988208bd065Tinderbox User <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
58021df88940e55ec62b2788dc727988208bd065Tinderbox User It was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
58021df88940e55ec62b2788dc727988208bd065Tinderbox User determine whether a transaction log was
58021df88940e55ec62b2788dc727988208bd065Tinderbox User kept for Incremental Zone Transfer. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains a transaction
d9613f4c73058748847c29a584bc428acf515c28Tinderbox User log whenever possible. If you need to disable outgoing
58021df88940e55ec62b2788dc727988208bd065Tinderbox User incremental zone
e62b9c9ce6413fb183c8116381e75dcd07ca5517Tinderbox User transfers, use <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>message-compression</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, DNS name compression is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews used in responses to regular queries (not including
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews AXFR or IXFR, which always uses compression). Setting
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews this option to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> reduces CPU
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein usage on servers and may improve throughput. However,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User it increases response size, which may cause more queries
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to be processed using TCP; a server with compression
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User disabled is out of compliance with RFC 1123 Section
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews 6.1.3.2. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>minimal-responses</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when generating
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User responses the server will only add records to the authority
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and additional data sections when they are required (e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delegations, negative responses). This may improve the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User performance of the server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>minimal-any</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generating a positive response to a query of type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ANY over UDP, the server will reply with only one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the RRsets for the query name, and its covering
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt RRSIGs if any, instead of replying with all known
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRsets for the name. Similarly, a query for type
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User RRSIG will be answered with the RRSIG records covering
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only one type. This can reduce the impact of some kinds
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of attack traffic, without harming legitimate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients. (Note, however, that the RRset returned is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein first one found in the database; it is not necessarily
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the smallest available RRset.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Additionally, <code class="option">minimal-responses</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein turned on for these queries, so no unnecessary records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be added to the authority or additional sections.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>multiple-cnames</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a domain name to have multiple CNAME records in violation of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the DNS standards. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.2 onwards
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein always strictly enforces the CNAME rules both in master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein files and dynamic updates.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span></span></dt>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> (the default),
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews DNS NOTIFY messages are sent when a zone the server is
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews authoritative for
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews changes, see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#notify" title="Notify">the section called “Notify”</a>. The messages are
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews servers listed in the zone's NS records (except the master
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews server identified
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User in the SOA MNAME field), and to any servers listed in the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>master-only</code></strong>, notifies are only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for master zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>explicit</code></strong>, notifies are sent only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers explicitly listed using <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, no notifies are sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span> option may also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in which case it overrides the <span class="command"><strong>options notify</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It would only be necessary to turn off this option if it
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User caused slaves
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> do not check the nameservers
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User in the NS RRset against the SOA MNAME. Normally a NOTIFY
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt message is not sent to the SOA MNAME (SOA ORIGIN) as it is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt supposed to contain the name of the ultimate master.
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User Sometimes, however, a slave is listed as the SOA MNAME in
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User hidden master configurations and in that case you would
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt want the ultimate master to still send NOTIFY messages to
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User all the nameservers listed in the NS RRset.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, and a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt DNS query requests recursion, then the server will attempt
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt all the work required to answer the query. If recursion is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User and the server does not already know the answer, it will
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User referral response. The default is
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User Note that setting <span class="command"><strong>recursion no</strong></span> does not prevent
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User clients from getting data from the server's cache; it only
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User prevents new data from being cached as an effect of client
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User Caching may still occur as an effect the server's internal
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User operation, such as NOTIFY address lookups.
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>request-nsid</strong></span></span></dt>
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an empty EDNS(0)
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User NSID (Name Server Identifier) option is sent with all
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User queries to authoritative name servers during iterative
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User resolution. If the authoritative server returns an NSID
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt option in its response, then its contents are logged in
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the <span class="command"><strong>resolver</strong></span> category at level
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>info</strong></span>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>request-sit</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This experimental option is obsolete.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>require-server-cookie</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Require a valid server cookie before sending a full
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User response to a UDP request from a cookie aware client.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User BADCOOKIE is sent if there is a bad or no existent
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt server cookie.
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>send-cookie</strong></span></span></dt>
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then a COOKIE EDNS
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User option is sent along with the query. If the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User resolver has previously talked to the server, the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt COOKIE returned in the previous transaction is sent.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User This is used by the server to determine whether
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User the resolver has talked to it before. A resolver
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User sending the correct COOKIE is assumed not to be an
95d0bdf2b427478c4a8ed8e06f9e316c7880140eTinderbox User off-path attacker sending a spoofed-source query;
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User the query is therefore unlikely to be part of a
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User reflection/amplification attack, so resolvers
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User sending a correct COOKIE option are not subject to
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User response rate limiting (RRL). Resolvers which
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User do not send a correct COOKIE option may be limited
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to receiving smaller responses via the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>nocookie-udp-size</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>nocookie-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum size of UDP responses that will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sent to queries without a valid server COOKIE. A value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below 128 will be silently raised to 128. The default
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User value is 4096, but the <span class="command"><strong>max-udp-size</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option may further limit the response size.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sit-secret</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This experimental option is obsolete.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>cookie-algorithm</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Set the algorithm to be used when generating the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server cookie. One of "aes", "sha1" or "sha256".
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The default is "aes" if supported by the cryptographic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein library or otherwise "sha256".
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>cookie-secret</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set, this is a shared secret used for generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and verifying Source Identity Token EDNS options
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews within an anycast cluster. If not set, the system
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt will generate a random secret at startup. The
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt shared secret is encoded as a hex string and needs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be 128 bits for AES128, 160 bits for SHA1 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 256 bits for SHA256.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>rfc2308-type1</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting this to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt cause the server to send NS records along with the SOA
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt record for negative
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews answers. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Not yet implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-id-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 always allocates query
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User IDs from a pool.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you need to disable IXFR to a particular server or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt servers, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the information on the <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#incremental_zone_transfers" title="Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)">the section called “Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>request-expire</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>request-expire</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>treat-cr-as-space</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server treat carriage return ("<span class="command"><strong>\r</strong></span>") characters the same way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as a space or tab character,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to facilitate loading of zone files on a UNIX system that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein were generated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on an NT or DOS machine. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, both UNIX "<span class="command"><strong>\n</strong></span>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and NT/DOS "<span class="command"><strong>\r\n</strong></span>" newlines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are always accepted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the option is ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>additional-from-auth</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options control the behavior of an authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering queries which have additional data, or when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein following CNAME
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User and DNAME chains.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When both of these options are set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (the default) and a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt query is being answered from authoritative data (a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configured into the server), the additional data section of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reply will be filled in using data from other authoritative
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and from the cache. In some situations this is undesirable,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as when there is concern over the correctness of the cache,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in servers where slave zones may be added and modified by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein untrusted third parties. Also, avoiding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the search for this additional data will speed up server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at the possible expense of additional queries to resolve
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise be provided in the additional section.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, if a query asks for an MX record for host <code class="literal">foo.example.com</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the record found is "<code class="literal">MX 10 mail.example.net</code>", normally the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records (A and AAAA) for <code class="literal">mail.example.net</code> will be provided as well,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if known, even though they are not in the example.com zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting these options to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables this behavior and makes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server only search for additional data in the zone it
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt answers from.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options are intended for use in authoritative-only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers, or in authoritative-only views. Attempts to set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein them to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span> without also
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>recursion no</strong></span> will cause the
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater ignore the options and log a warning message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache no</strong></span> actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables the use of the cache not only for additional data
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User but also when looking up the answer. This is usually the
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater behavior in an authoritative-only server where the
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater correctness of
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater the cached data is an issue.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater When a name server is non-recursively queried for a name
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User below the apex of any served zone, it normally answers with
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater "upwards referral" to the root servers or the servers of
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater known parent of the query name. Since the data in an
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater upwards referral
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater comes from the cache, the server will not be able to provide
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater referrals when <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache no</strong></span>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater has been specified. Instead, it will respond to such
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater with REFUSED. This should not cause any problems since
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt upwards referrals are not required for the resolution
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>match-mapped-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User IPv4-mapped IPv6 address will match any address match
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater list entries that match the corresponding IPv4 address.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater This option was introduced to work around a kernel quirk
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User in some operating systems that causes IPv4 TCP
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater connections, such as zone transfers, to be accepted on an
2cc7515f8a0c2f5f86ec85a853c7cb855b3d9536Tinderbox User IPv6 socket using mapped addresses. This caused address
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater match lists designed for IPv4 to fail to match. However,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> now solves this problem
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater internally. The use of this option is discouraged.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater This option is only available when
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 is compiled with the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>--enable-filter-aaaa</code></strong> option on the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User "configure" command line. It is intended to help the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater transition from IPv4 to IPv6 by not giving IPv6 addresses
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater to DNS clients unless they have connections to the IPv6
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Internet. This is not recommended unless absolutely
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater necessary. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span> option
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater may also be specified in <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to override the global <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the DNS client is at an IPv4 address, in <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and if the response does not include DNSSEC signatures,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User then all AAAA records are deleted from the response.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This filtering applies to all responses and not only
2cc7515f8a0c2f5f86ec85a853c7cb855b3d9536Tinderbox User authoritative responses.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>break-dnssec</code></strong>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt then AAAA records are deleted even when DNSSEC is enabled.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As suggested by the name, this makes the response not verify,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User because the DNSSEC protocol is designed detect deletions.
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater This mechanism can erroneously cause other servers to
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater not give AAAA records to their clients.
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater A recursing server with both IPv6 and IPv4 network connections
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater that queries an authoritative server using this mechanism
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater via IPv4 will be denied AAAA records even if its client is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This mechanism is applied to authoritative as well as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-authoritative records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A client using IPv4 that is not allowed recursion can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein erroneously be given AAAA records because the server is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed to check for A records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Some AAAA records are given to IPv4 clients in glue records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 clients that are servers can then erroneously
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answer requests for AAAA records received via IPv4.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identical to <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt except it filters AAAA responses to queries from IPv6
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt clients instead of IPv4 clients. To filter all
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt responses, set both options to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User When <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and the server loads a new
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein version of a master zone from its zone file or receives a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein new version of a slave file via zone transfer, it will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt compare the new version to the previous one and calculate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a set of differences. The differences are then logged in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the zone's journal file such that the changes can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transmitted to downstream slaves as an incremental zone
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User By allowing incremental zone transfers to be used for
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User non-dynamic zones, this option saves bandwidth at the
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User expense of increased CPU and memory consumption at the
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User In particular, if the new version of a zone is completely
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User different from the previous one, the set of differences
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User will be of a size comparable to the combined size of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt old and new zone version, and the server will need to
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User temporarily allocate memory to hold this complete
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt difference set.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User<p><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User also accepts <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span> at the view and options
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User levels which causes
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> to be enabled for
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt all <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span> zones respectively.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt It is off by default.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt addresses refer to different machines. If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User when the serial number on the master is less than what <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User has. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec</strong></span></span></dt>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Zones configured for dynamic DNS may use this
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User option to allow varying levels of automatic DNSSEC key
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt management. There are three possible settings:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec allow;</strong></span> permits
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User keys to be updated and the zone fully re-signed
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User whenever the user issues the command <span class="command"><strong>rndc sign
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span>.
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec maintain;</strong></span> includes the
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews above, but also automatically adjusts the zone's DNSSEC
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User keys on schedule, according to the keys' timing metadata
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (see <a class="xref" href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></span>(8)</a> and
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User <a class="xref" href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></span>(8)</a>). The command
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span> causes
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to load keys from the key
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews repository and sign the zone with all keys that are
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>rndc loadkeys
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span> causes
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to load keys from the key
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater repository and schedule key maintenance events to occur
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater in the future, but it does not sign the full zone
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt immediately. Note: once keys have been loaded for a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt zone the first time, the repository will be searched
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater for changes periodically, regardless of whether
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>rndc loadkeys</strong></span> is used. The recheck
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User interval is defined by
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span>.)
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User The default setting is <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec off</strong></span>.
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User This indicates whether DNSSEC-related resource
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt records are to be returned by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will not return DNSSEC-related
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews resource records unless specifically queried for.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Enable DNSSEC validation in <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Note <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> to be effective.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, DNSSEC validation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is disabled. If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt DNSSEC validation is enabled, and a default
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User trust-anchor for the DNS root zone is used. If set to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, DNSSEC validation is enabled,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but a trust anchor must be manually configured using
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User a <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Whenever the resolver sends out queries to an
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt EDNS-compliant server, it always sets the DO bit
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt indicating it can support DNSSEC responses even if
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span> is off.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Accept expired signatures when verifying DNSSEC signatures.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
f02216f5b390ff0a589fa080f29350fd7794bf5cMark Andrews Setting this option to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater leaves <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> vulnerable to
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater replay attacks.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>querylog</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify whether query logging should be started when <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>querylog</strong></span> is not specified,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User then the query logging
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater is determined by the presence of the logging category <span class="command"><strong>queries</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User This option is used to restrict the character set and syntax
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt from the network. The default varies according to usage
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> zones the default is <span class="command"><strong>fail</strong></span>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User For <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span> zones the default
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User For answers received from the network (<span class="command"><strong>response</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default is <span class="command"><strong>ignore</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rules for legal hostnames and mail domains are derived
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from RFC 952 and RFC 821 as modified by RFC 1123.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User applies to the owner names of A, AAAA and MX records.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt It also applies to the domain names in the RDATA of NS, SOA,
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User MX, and SRV records.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User It also applies to the RDATA of PTR records where the owner
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews name indicated that it is a reverse lookup of a hostname
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (the owner name ends in IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA, or IP6.INT).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-dup-records</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Check master zones for records that are treated as different
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews by DNSSEC but are semantically equal in plain DNS. The
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews default is to <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>. Other possible
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt values are <span class="command"><strong>fail</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ignore</strong></span>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User Check whether the MX record appears to refer to a IP address.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User The default is to <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>. Other possible
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User values are <span class="command"><strong>fail</strong></span> and
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>ignore</strong></span>.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User This option is used to check for non-terminal wildcards.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The use of non-terminal wildcards is almost always as a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt result of a failure
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034).
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews affects master zones. The default (<span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>) is to check
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for non-terminal wildcards and issue a warning.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Perform post load zone integrity checks on master
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt zones. This checks that MX and SRV records refer
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to address (A or AAAA) records and that glue
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt address records exist for delegated zones. For
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User MX and SRV records only in-zone hostnames are
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews checked (for out-of-zone hostnames use
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named-checkzone</strong></span>).
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User For NS records only names below top of zone are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt checked (for out-of-zone names and glue consistency
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User checks use <span class="command"><strong>named-checkzone</strong></span>).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User The use of the SPF record for publishing Sender
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Policy Framework is deprecated as the migration
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User from using TXT records to SPF records was abandoned.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Enabling this option also checks that a TXT Sender
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Policy Framework record exists (starts with "v=spf1")
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews if there is an SPF record. Warnings are emitted if the
01b18d4c7c14ccb93708ab7ffdece3ac67b15a7cAutomatic Updater TXT record does not exist and can be suppressed with
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>check-spf</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-mx-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews If <span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews fail, warn or ignore MX records that refer
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to CNAMES. The default is to <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-srv-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If <span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater fail, warn or ignore SRV records that refer
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater to CNAMES. The default is to <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater When performing integrity checks, also check that
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater sibling glue exists. The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-spf</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater If <span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater check that there is a TXT Sender Policy Framework
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt record present (starts with "v=spf1") if there is an
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater SPF record present. The default is
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater When returning authoritative negative responses to
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater SOA queries set the TTL of the SOA record returned in
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the authority section to zero.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater When caching a negative response to a SOA query
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User set the TTL to zero.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater When set to the default value of <code class="literal">yes</code>,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater check the KSK bit in each key to determine how the key
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt should be used when generating RRSIGs for a secure zone.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Ordinarily, zone-signing keys (that is, keys without the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt KSK bit set) are used to sign the entire zone, while
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater key-signing keys (keys with the KSK bit set) are only
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater used to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User However, if this option is set to <code class="literal">no</code>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt then the KSK bit is ignored; KSKs are treated as if they
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User were ZSKs and are used to sign the entire zone. This is
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews similar to the <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone -z</strong></span>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews command line option.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When this option is set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, there
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater must be at least two active keys for every algorithm
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User represented in the DNSKEY RRset: at least one KSK and one
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater ZSK per algorithm. If there is any algorithm for which
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater this requirement is not met, this option will be ignored
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for that algorithm.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span></span></dt>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater When this option and <span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater are both set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, only key-signing
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater keys (that is, keys with the KSK bit set) will be used
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex. Zone-signing
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater keys (keys without the KSK bit set) will be used to sign
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater the remainder of the zone, but not the DNSKEY RRset.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User This is similar to the
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone -x</strong></span> command line option.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater The default is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>. If
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span> is set to
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater <code class="literal">no</code>, this option is ignored.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Try to refresh the zone using TCP if UDP queries fail.
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User For BIND 8 compatibility, the default is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow a dynamic zone to transition from secure to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein insecure (i.e., signed to unsigned) by deleting all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the DNSKEY records. The default is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>, and if the DNSKEY RRset
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at the zone apex is deleted, all RRSIG and NSEC records
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User will be removed from the zone as well.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the zone uses NSEC3, then it is also necessary to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delete the NSEC3PARAM RRset from the zone apex; this will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause the removal of all corresponding NSEC3 records.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews (It is expected that this requirement will be eliminated
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews in a future release.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that if a zone has been configured with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec maintain</strong></span> and the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User private keys remain accessible in the key repository,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt then the zone will be automatically signed again the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User next time <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is started.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="forwarding"></a>Forwarding</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt name servers. It can also be used to allow queries by servers that
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt do not have direct access to the Internet, but wish to look up
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein names anyway. Forwarding occurs only on those queries for which
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the server is not authoritative and does not have the answer in
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is only meaningful if the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarders list is not empty. A value of <code class="varname">first</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default, causes the server to query the forwarders
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein first — and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if that doesn't answer the question, the server will then
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the answer itself. If <code class="varname">only</code> is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User specified, the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews server will only query the forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the IP addresses to be used
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for forwarding. The default is the empty list (no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarding).
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Forwarding can also be configured on a per-domain basis, allowing
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User for the global forwarding options to be overridden in a variety
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of ways. You can set particular domains to use different
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User or have a different <span class="command"><strong>forward only/first</strong></span> behavior,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or not forward at all, see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone Statement Grammar">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Statement Grammar”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="dual_stack"></a>Dual-stack Servers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt problems in reachability due the lack of support for either IPv4
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt on the host machine.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dual-stack-servers</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies host names or addresses of machines with access to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both IPv4 and IPv6 transports. If a hostname is used, the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User server must be able
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to resolve the name using only the transport it has. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein machine is dual
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User stacked, then the <span class="command"><strong>dual-stack-servers</strong></span> have no effect unless
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews access to a transport has been disabled on the command line
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (e.g. <span class="command"><strong>named -4</strong></span>).
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="access_control"></a>Access Control</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Access to the server can be restricted based on the IP address
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User of the requesting system. See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a> for
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt details on how to specify IP address lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specifies which hosts are allowed to
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews notify this server, a slave, of zone changes in addition
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to the zone masters.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span> may also be
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews specified in the
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement, in which case
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews it overrides the
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>options allow-notify</strong></span>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews statement. It is only meaningful
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User for a slave zone. If not specified, the default is to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt process notify messages
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User only from a zone's master.
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specifies which hosts are allowed to ask ordinary
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt DNS questions. <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> may
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews also be specified in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statement, in which case it overrides the
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>options allow-query</strong></span> statement.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If not specified, the default is to allow queries
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews from all hosts.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span> is now
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt used to specify access to the cache.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies which local addresses can accept ordinary
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt DNS questions. This makes it possible, for instance,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to allow queries on internal-facing interfaces but
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt disallow them on external-facing ones, without
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt necessarily knowing the internal network's addresses.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Note that <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> is only
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User checked for queries that are permitted by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>. A query must be
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User allowed by both ACLs, or it will be refused.
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> may
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt also be specified in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statement, in which case it overrides the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>options allow-query-on</strong></span> statement.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews If not specified, the default is to allow queries
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews on all addresses.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt used to specify access to the cache.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to get answers
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User from the cache. If <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is not set then <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User is used if set, otherwise <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used if set unless <span class="command"><strong>recursion no;</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set in which case <span class="command"><strong>none;</strong></span> is used,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise the default (<span class="command"><strong>localnets;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache-on</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specifies which local addresses can give answers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the cache. If not specified, the default is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to allow cache queries on any address,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>localnets</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>localhost</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to make recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries through this server. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion</strong></span> is not set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used if set, otherwise <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used if set, otherwise the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span class="command"><strong>localnets;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion-on</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Specifies which local addresses can accept recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries. If not specified, the default is to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursive queries on all addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein submit Dynamic DNS updates for master zones. The default is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt updates from all hosts. Note that allowing updates based
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User on the requestor's IP address is insecure; see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a> for details.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein submit Dynamic DNS updates to slave zones to be forwarded to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt master. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means that no update forwarding will be performed. To
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt update forwarding, specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>allow-update-forwarding { any; };</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specifying values other than <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>{ any; }</code></strong> is usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein counterproductive, since
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the responsibility for update access control should rest
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User master server, not the slaves.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that enabling the update forwarding feature on a slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may expose master servers relying on insecure IP address
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt access control to attacks; see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User for more details.
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-v6-synthesis</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This option was introduced for the smooth transition from
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User to A6 and from "nibble labels" to binary labels.
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User However, since both A6 and binary labels were then
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User this option was also deprecated.
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User It is now ignored with some warning messages.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Specifies which hosts are allowed to
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User receive zone transfers from the server. <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span> may
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User also be specified in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statement, in which
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User case it overrides the <span class="command"><strong>options allow-transfer</strong></span> statement.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User If not specified, the default is to allow transfers to all
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>blackhole</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specifies a list of addresses that the
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User server will not accept queries from or use to resolve a
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User query. Queries
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User from these addresses will not be responded to. The default
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Specifies a list of addresses to which
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User is applies. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>any</code></strong>.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>keep-response-order</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Specifies a list of addresses to which the server
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User will send responses to TCP queries in the same order
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User in which they were received. This disables the
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User processing of TCP queries in parallel. The default
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>no-case-compress</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Specifies a list of addresses which require responses
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to use case-insensitive compression. This ACL can be
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User used when <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> needs to work with
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User clients that do not comply with the requirement in RFC
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User 1034 to use case-insensitive name comparisons when
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User checking for matching domain names.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User If left undefined, the ACL defaults to
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>none</strong></span>: case-insensitive compression
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User will be used for all clients. If the ACL is defined and
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User matches a client, then case will be ignored when
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User compressing domain names in DNS responses sent to that
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This can result in slightly smaller responses: if
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User a response contains the names "example.com" and
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User "example.COM", case-insensitive compression would treat
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User the second one as a duplicate. It also ensures
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User that the case of the query name exactly matches the
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User case of the owner names of returned records, rather
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User than matching the case of the records entered in
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User the zone file. This allows responses to exactly
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User match the query, which is required by some clients
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User due to incorrect use of case-sensitive comparisons.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Case-insensitive compression is <span class="emphasis"><em>always</em></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used in AXFR and IXFR responses, regardless of whether
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User the client matches this ACL.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt There are circumstances in which <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User will not preserve the case of owner names of records:
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User if a zone file defines records of different types with
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User the same name, but the capitalization of the name is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "WWW.EXAMPLE.COM/AAAA"), then all responses for that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name will use the <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> version
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User of the name that was used in the zone file. This
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt limitation may be addressed in a future release. However,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain names specified in the rdata of resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (i.e., records of type NS, MX, CNAME, etc) will always
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have their case preserved unless the client matches this
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>resolver-query-timeout</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The amount of time in seconds that the resolver
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will spend attempting to resolve a recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query before failing. The default and minimum
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User is <code class="literal">10</code> and the maximum is
24e79a68e1b16324e17364fcd8959379ff6e20e9Mark Andrews <code class="literal">0</code> will result in the default
f9aef05653eeb454c489d5bd2bde6daab774ad4aTinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="interfaces"></a>Interfaces</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from may be specified using the <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> option. <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> takes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an optional port and an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of IPv4 addresses. (IPv6 addresses are ignored, with a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein logged warning.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The server will listen on all interfaces allowed by the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match list. If a port is not specified, port 53 will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> statements are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on { 5.6.7.8; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will enable the name server on port 53 for the IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 5.6.7.8, and on port 1234 of an address on the machine in net
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1.2 that is not 1.2.3.4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> is specified, the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User server will listen on port 53 on all IPv4 interfaces.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the interfaces and the ports on which the server will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein listen for incoming queries sent using IPv6. If not specified,
3eb9ec750c9088869170dda63e8899b2ba462823Mark Andrews the server will listen on port 53 on all IPv6 interfaces.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> for the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>listen-on-v6</strong></span> option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server does not bind a separate socket to each IPv6 interface
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address as it does for IPv4 if the operating system has enough API
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein support for IPv6 (specifically if it conforms to RFC 3493 and RFC
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Instead, it listens on the IPv6 wildcard address.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If the system only has incomplete API support for IPv6, however,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the behavior is the same as that for IPv4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of particular IPv6 addresses can also be specified, in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server listens on a separate socket for each specified
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt regardless of whether the desired API is supported by the system.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IPv4 addresses specified in <span class="command"><strong>listen-on-v6</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be ignored, with a logged warning.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Multiple <span class="command"><strong>listen-on-v6</strong></span> options can
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Huntlisten-on-v6 port 1234 { !2001:db8::/32; any; };
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt will enable the name server on port 53 for any IPv6 addresses
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater (with a single wildcard socket),
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User and on port 1234 of IPv6 addresses that is not in the prefix
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt 2001:db8::/32 (with separate sockets for each matched address.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To make the server not listen on any IPv6 address, use
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { none; };
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="query_address"></a>Query Address</h4></div></div></div>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If the server doesn't know the answer to a question, it will
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater query other name servers. <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> specifies
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the address and port used for such queries. For queries sent over
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater IPv6, there is a separate <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> option.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If <span class="command"><strong>address</strong></span> is <span class="command"><strong>*</strong></span> (asterisk) or is omitted,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater a wildcard IP address (<span class="command"><strong>INADDR_ANY</strong></span>)
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If <span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span> is <span class="command"><strong>*</strong></span> or is omitted,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater a random port number from a pre-configured
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater range is picked up and will be used for each query.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The port range(s) is that specified in
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv4)
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv6)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt options, excluding the ranges specified in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options, respectively.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The defaults of the <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> options
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">query-source address * port *;
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updaterquery-source-v6 address * port *;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> or
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> is unspecified,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will check if the operating
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater system provides a programming interface to retrieve the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater system's default range for ephemeral ports.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If such an interface is available,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will use the corresponding system
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater default range; otherwise, it will use its own defaults:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<pre class="programlisting">use-v4-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Huntuse-v6-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note: make sure the ranges be sufficiently large for
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater security. A desirable size depends on various parameters,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater but we generally recommend it contain at least 16384 ports
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User (14 bits of entropy).
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note also that the system's default range when used may be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt too small for this purpose, and that the range may even be
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater changed while <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is running; the new
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater range will automatically be applied when <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater It is encouraged to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater configure <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> explicitly so that the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt ranges are sufficiently large and are reasonably
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater independent from the ranges used by other applications.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Note: the operational configuration
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User where <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> runs may prohibit the use
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of some ports. For example, UNIX systems will not allow
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> running without a root privilege
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to use ports less than 1024.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If such ports are included in the specified (or detected)
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater set of query ports, the corresponding query attempts will
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User fail, resulting in resolution failures or delay.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt It is therefore important to configure the set of ports
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User that can be safely used in the expected operational environment.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews The defaults of the <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinavoid-v6-udp-ports {};
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: BIND 9.5.0 introduced
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the <span class="command"><strong>use-queryport-pool</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User option to support a pool of such random ports, but this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option is now obsolete because reusing the same ports in
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the pool may not be sufficiently secure.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews For the same reason, it is generally strongly discouraged to
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews specify a particular port for the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> or
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> options;
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User it implicitly disables the use of randomized port numbers.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-queryport-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>queryport-pool-ports</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater The address specified in the <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> option
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User is used for both UDP and TCP queries, but the port applies only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to UDP queries. TCP queries always use a random
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unprivileged port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the source
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt address for TCP sockets.
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater See also <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="zone_transfers"></a>Zone Transfers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> has mechanisms in place to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt facilitate zone transfers
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and set limits on the amount of load that transfers place on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system. The following options apply to zone transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Defines a global list of IP addresses of name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are also sent NOTIFY messages whenever a fresh copy of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is loaded, in addition to the servers listed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone's NS records.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User This helps to ensure that copies of the zones will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt quickly converge on stealth servers.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Optionally, a port may be specified with each
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> address to send
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the notify messages to a port other than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default of 53.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An optional TSIG key can also be specified with each
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User address to cause the notify messages to be signed; this
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt can be useful when sending notifies to multiple views.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User In place of explicit addresses, one or more named
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> lists can be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If an <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> list
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User is given in a <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt it will override
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the <span class="command"><strong>options also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. When a <span class="command"><strong>zone notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is set to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>, the IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses in the global <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> list will
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User not be sent NOTIFY messages for that zone. The default is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User list (no global notification list).
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User Inbound zone transfers running longer than
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User Inbound zone transfers making no progress
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User (1 hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Outbound zone transfers running longer than
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Outbound zone transfers making no progress
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The rate at which NOTIFY requests will be sent
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt during normal zone maintenance operations. (NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests due to initial zone loading are subject
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to a separate rate limit; see below.) The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 20 per second.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The lowest possible rate is one per second; when set
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to zero, it will be silently raised to one.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>startup-notify-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The rate at which NOTIFY requests will be sent
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User when the name server is first starting up, or when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones have been newly added to the nameserver.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is 20 per second.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The lowest possible rate is one per second; when set
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to zero, it will be silently raised to one.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>serial-query-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Slave servers will periodically query master
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews servers to find out if zone serial numbers have
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt changed. Each such query uses a minute amount of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the slave server's network bandwidth. To limit
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews the amount of bandwidth used, BIND 9 limits the
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews rate at which queries are sent. The value of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>serial-query-rate</strong></span> option, an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews integer, is the maximum number of queries sent
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt per second. The default is 20 per second.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The lowest possible rate is one per second; when set
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to zero, it will be silently raised to one.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>serial-queries</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User In BIND 8, the <span class="command"><strong>serial-queries</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the maximum number of concurrent serial number queries
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt allowed to be outstanding at any given time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein BIND 9 does not limit the number of outstanding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein serial queries and ignores the <span class="command"><strong>serial-queries</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it limits the rate at which the queries are sent
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User as defined using the <span class="command"><strong>serial-query-rate</strong></span> option.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers can be sent using two different formats,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>one-answer</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span> option is used
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt on the master server to determine which format it sends.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>one-answer</strong></span> uses one DNS message per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource record transferred.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> packs as many resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records as possible into a message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> is more efficient, but is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt only supported by relatively new slave servers,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein such as <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8.x and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.5 onwards.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> format is also supported by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt recent Microsoft Windows nameservers.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span> may be overridden on a
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User per-server basis by using the <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-message-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is an upper bound on the uncompressed size of DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages used in zone transfers over TCP. If a message
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein grows larger than this size, additional messages will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to complete the zone transfer. (Note, however,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that this is a hint, not a hard limit; if a message
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contains a single resource record whose RDATA does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fit within the size limit, a larger message will be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt permitted so the record can be transferred.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Valid values are between 512 and 65535 octets, and any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values outside that range will be adjusted to the nearest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value within it. The default is <code class="literal">20480</code>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt which was selected to improve message compression:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt most DNS messages of this size will compress to less
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt than 16536 bytes. Larger messages cannot be compressed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as effectively, because 16536 is the largest permissible
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews compression offset pointer in a DNS message.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User This option is mainly intended for server testing;
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews there is rarely any benefit in setting a value other
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews than the default.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfers-in</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt that can be running concurrently. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Increasing <span class="command"><strong>transfers-in</strong></span> may
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User speed up the convergence
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of slave zones, but it also may increase the load on the
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews local system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfers-out</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The maximum number of outbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. Zone transfer requests in
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User of the limit will be refused. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfers-per-ns</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt that can be concurrently transferring from a given remote
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews name server.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater The default value is <code class="literal">2</code>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Increasing <span class="command"><strong>transfers-per-ns</strong></span>
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User speed up the convergence of slave zones, but it also may
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the load on the remote name server. <span class="command"><strong>transfers-per-ns</strong></span> may
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User be overridden on a per-server basis by using the <span class="command"><strong>transfers</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statement.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<p><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt determines which local address will be bound to IPv4
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User TCP connections used to fetch zones transferred
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inbound by the server. It also determines the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt source IPv4 address, and optionally the UDP port,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used for the refresh queries and forwarded dynamic
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt updates. If not set, it defaults to a system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controlled value which will usually be the address
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User of the interface "closest to" the remote end. This
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt address must appear in the remote end's
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span> option for the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User zone being transferred, if one is specified. This
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> for all zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but can be overridden on a per-view or per-zone
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt basis by including a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> statement within
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> or
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> block in the configuration
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User source address for TCP sockets.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The same as <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span>,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User except zone transfers are performed using IPv6.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> fails and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If you do not wish the alternate transfer source
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to be used, you should set
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater appropriately and you should not depend upon
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater getting an answer back to the first refresh
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> fails and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Use the alternate transfer sources or not. If views are
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User specified this defaults to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt otherwise it defaults to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span> (for BIND 8
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt compatibility).
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<p><span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater determines which local source address, and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater optionally UDP port, will be used to send NOTIFY
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater messages. This address must appear in the slave
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt server's <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> zone clause or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in an <span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span> clause. This
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statement sets the <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater for all zones, but can be overridden on a per-zone or
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater per-view basis by including a
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span> statement within
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> or
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> block in the configuration
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt source address for TCP sockets.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Like <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt but applies to notify messages sent to IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="port_lists"></a>UDP Port Lists</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User specify a list of IPv4 and IPv6 UDP ports that will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used or not used as source ports for UDP messages.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#query_address" title="Query Address">the section called “Query Address”</a> about how the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User available ports are determined.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For example, with the following configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinuse-v6-udp-ports { range 32768 65535; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinavoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein UDP ports of IPv6 messages sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will be in one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the following ranges: 32768 to 39999, 40001 to 49999,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and 60001 to 65535.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to prevent <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> from choosing as its random source port a
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User port that is blocked by your firewall or a port that is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt used by other applications;
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User if a query went out with a source port blocked by a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein firewall, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answer would not get by the firewall and the name server would
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User have to query again.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Note: the desired range can also be represented only with
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>avoid-</strong></span> options are redundant in that
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User sense; they are provided for backward compatibility and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to possibly simplify the port specification.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="resource_limits"></a>Operating System Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server's usage of many system resources can be limited.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Scaled values are allowed when specifying resource limits. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein example, <span class="command"><strong>1G</strong></span> can be used instead of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>1073741824</strong></span> to specify a limit of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User gigabyte. <span class="command"><strong>unlimited</strong></span> requests
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unlimited use, or the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum available amount. <span class="command"><strong>default</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt uses the limit
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that was in force when the server was started. See the description
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User of <span class="command"><strong>size_spec</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements" title="Configuration File Elements">the section called “Configuration File Elements”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following options set operating system resource limits for
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the name server process. Some operating systems don't support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any of the limits. On such systems, a warning will be issued if
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User unsupported limit is used.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>coresize</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The maximum size of a core dump. The default
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>datasize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of data memory the server
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This is a hard limit on server memory usage.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User If the server attempts to allocate memory in excess of this
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User limit, the allocation will fail, which may in turn leave
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the server unable to perform DNS service. Therefore,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User this option is rarely useful as a way of limiting the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User amount of memory used by the server, but it can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to raise an operating system data size limit that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein too small by default. If you wish to limit the amount
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User of memory used by the server, use the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>max-cache-size</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>recursive-clients</strong></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User options instead.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>files</strong></span></span></dt>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The maximum number of files the server
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User may have open concurrently. The default is <code class="literal">unlimited</code>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>stacksize</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The maximum amount of stack memory the server
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<a name="server_resource_limits"></a>Server Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The following options set limits on the server's
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User resource consumption that are enforced internally by the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt server rather than the operating system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-ixfr-log-size</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User This option is obsolete; it is accepted
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User and ignored for BIND 8 compatibility. The option
b96b01ed26f27cb9bb2fef7b088a331256fc5804Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span> performs a
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User similar function in BIND 9.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User Sets a maximum size for each journal file
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#journal" title="The journal file">the section called “The journal file”</a>). When the journal file
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the specified size, some of the oldest transactions in the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User will be automatically removed. The largest permitted
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User value is 2 gigabytes. The default is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="literal">unlimited</code>, which also
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User means 2 gigabytes.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This may also be set on a per-zone basis.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>host-statistics-max</strong></span></span></dt>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User In BIND 8, specifies the maximum number of host statistics
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User entries to be kept.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User Not implemented in BIND 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>recursive-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The maximum number ("hard quota") of simultaneous
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User recursive lookups the server will perform on behalf
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of clients. The default is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="literal">1000</code>. Because each recursing
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt client uses a fair
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User bit of memory (on the order of 20 kilobytes), the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>recursive-clients</strong></span> option may
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt have to be decreased on hosts with limited memory.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <code class="option">recursive-clients</code> defines a "hard
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User quota" limit for pending recursive clients: when more
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User clients than this are pending, new incoming requests
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User will not be accepted, and for each incoming request
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User a previous pending request will also be dropped.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User A "soft quota" is also set. When this lower
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User quota is exceeded, incoming requests are accepted, but
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User for each one, a pending request will be dropped.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If <code class="option">recursive-clients</code> is greater than
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User 1000, the soft quota is set to
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="option">recursive-clients</code> minus 100;
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User otherwise it is set to 90% of
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="option">recursive-clients</code>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tcp-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The maximum number of simultaneous client TCP
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User connections that the server will accept.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The default is <code class="literal">100</code>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<a name="clients-per-query"></a><span class="term"><a name="cpq_term"></a><span class="command"><strong>clients-per-query</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-clients-per-query</strong></span></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<p>These set the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User initial value (minimum) and maximum number of recursive
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User simultaneous clients for any given query
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User (<qname,qtype,qclass>) that the server will accept
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt before dropping additional clients. <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will attempt to
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User self tune this value and changes will be logged. The
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User default values are 10 and 100.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User This value should reflect how many queries come in for
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt a given name in the time it takes to resolve that name.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User If the number of queries exceed this value, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User assume that it is dealing with a non-responsive zone
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User and will drop additional queries. If it gets a response
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User after dropping queries, it will raise the estimate. The
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User estimate will then be lowered in 20 minutes if it has
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User remained unchanged.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User If <span class="command"><strong>clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User then there is no limit on the number of clients per query
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User and no queries will be dropped.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User If <span class="command"><strong>max-clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User then there is no upper bound other than imposed by
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>recursive-clients</strong></span>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<a name="fetches-per-zone"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-zone</strong></span></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The maximum number of simultaneous iterative
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User queries to any one domain that the server will
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User permit before blocking new queries for data
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User in or beneath that zone.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User This value should reflect how many fetches would
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User normally be sent to any one zone in the time it
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User would take to resolve them. It should be smaller
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User than <code class="option">recursive-clients</code>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User When many clients simultaneously query for the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User same name and type, the clients will all be attached
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to the same fetch, up to the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="option">max-clients-per-query</code> limit,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User and only one iterative query will be sent.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User However, when clients are simultaneously
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User querying for <span class="emphasis"><em>different</em></span> names
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt or types, multiple queries will be sent and
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="option">max-clients-per-query</code> is not
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User effective as a limit.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User Optionally, this value may be followed by the keyword
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="literal">drop</code> or <code class="literal">fail</code>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt indicating whether queries which exceed the fetch
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User quota for a zone will be dropped with no response,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User or answered with SERVFAIL. The default is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User If <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-zone</strong></span> is set to zero,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User then there is no limit on the number of fetches per query
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User and no queries will be dropped. The default is zero.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The current list of active fetches can be dumped by
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User running <span class="command"><strong>rndc recursing</strong></span>. The list
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User includes the number of active fetches for each
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User domain and the number of queries that have been
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User passed or dropped as a result of the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <code class="option">fetches-per-zone</code> limit. (Note:
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User these counters are not cumulative over time; whenever
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the number of active fetches for a domain drops to
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User zero, the counter for that domain is deleted, and the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User next time a fetch is sent to that domain, it is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User recreated with the counters set to zero.)
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<a name="fetches-per-server"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The maximum number of simultaneous iterative
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User queries that the server will allow to be sent to
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User a single upstream name server before blocking
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User additional queries.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User This value should reflect how many fetches would
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User normally be sent to any one server in the time it
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User would take to resolve them. It should be smaller
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User than <code class="option">recursive-clients</code>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Optionally, this value may be followed by the keyword
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <code class="literal">drop</code> or <code class="literal">fail</code>,
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater indicating whether queries will be dropped with no
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User response, or answered with SERVFAIL, when all of the
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater servers authoritative for a zone are found to have
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater exceeded the per-server quota. The default is
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater If <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span> is set to zero,
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater then there is no limit on the number of fetches per query
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater and no queries will be dropped. The default is zero.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span> quota is
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater dynamically adjusted in response to detected
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User congestion. As queries are sent to a server
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and are either answered or time out, an
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User exponentially weighted moving average is calculated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the ratio of timeouts to responses. If the
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User current average timeout ratio rises above a "high"
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater threshold, then <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User is reduced for that server. If the timeout ratio
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User drops below a "low" threshold, then
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span> is increased.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>fetch-quota-params</strong></span> options
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User can be used to adjust the parameters for this
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fetch-quota-params</strong></span></span></dt>
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User Sets the parameters to use for dynamic resizing of
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User the <code class="option">fetches-per-server</code> quota in
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User response to detected congestion.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The first argument is an integer value indicating
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User how frequently to recalculate the moving average
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User of the ratio of timeouts to responses for each
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User server. The default is 100, meaning we recalculate
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the average ratio after every 100 queries have either
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User been answered or timed out.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The remaining three arguments represent the "low"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein threshold (defaulting to a timeout ratio of 0.1),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the "high" threshold (defaulting to a timeout
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User ratio of 0.3), and the discount rate for
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User the moving average (defaulting to 0.7).
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User A higher discount rate causes recent events to
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User weigh more heavily when calculating the moving
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User average; a lower discount rate causes past
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein events to weigh more heavily, smoothing out
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User short-term blips in the timeout ratio.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User These arguments are all fixed-point numbers with
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User the decimal point are significant.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>reserved-sockets</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The number of file descriptors reserved for TCP, stdio,
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater etc. This needs to be big enough to cover the number of
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater interfaces <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> listens on, <span class="command"><strong>tcp-clients</strong></span> as well as
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater to provide room for outgoing TCP queries and incoming zone
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater transfers. The default is <code class="literal">512</code>.
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater The minimum value is <code class="literal">128</code> and the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User maximum value is <code class="literal">128</code> less than
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt maxsockets (-S). This option may be removed in the future.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This option has little effect on Windows.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-cache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of memory to use for the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User server's cache, in bytes or % of total physical memory.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When the amount of data in the cache
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User reaches this limit, the server will cause records to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire prematurely based on an LRU based strategy so
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt that the limit is not exceeded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The keyword <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the value 0, will place no limit on cache size;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records will be purged from the cache only when their
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TTLs expire.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Any positive values less than 2MB will be ignored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and reset to 2MB.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt separately to the cache of each view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>90%</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein On systems where detection of amount of physical
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User memory is not supported values represented as %
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt fall back to unlimited.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that the detection of physical memory is done only
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User once at startup, so <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein adjust the cache size if the amount of physical memory
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is changed during runtime.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tcp-listen-queue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The listen queue depth. The default and minimum is 10.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If the kernel supports the accept filter "dataready" this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also controls how
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User many TCP connections that will be queued in kernel space
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews some data before being passed to accept. Nonzero values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein less than 10 will be silently raised. A value of 0 may also
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User be used; on most platforms this sets the listen queue
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User length to a system-defined default value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="intervals"></a>Periodic Task Intervals</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This interval is effectively obsolete. Previously,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the server would remove expired resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the cache every <span class="command"><strong>cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 now manages cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein memory in a more sophisticated manner and does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rely on the periodic cleaning any more.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying this option therefore has no effect on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server's behavior.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>heartbeat-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will perform zone maintenance tasks
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all zones marked as <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span> whenever this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interval expires. The default is 60 minutes. Reasonable
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce values are up
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce to 1 day (1440 minutes). The maximum value is 28 days
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no zone maintenance for these zones will occur.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>interface-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will scan the network interface list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span class="command"><strong>interface-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User is 60 minutes. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, interface scanning will only occur when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the configuration file is loaded. After the scan, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begin listening for queries on any newly discovered
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User interfaces (provided they are allowed by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> configuration), and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt stop listening on interfaces that have gone away.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Name server statistics will be logged
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span class="command"><strong>statistics-interval</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt minutes. The default is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User 60. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no statistics will be logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Not yet implemented in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="topology"></a>Topology</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt All other things being equal, when the server chooses a name
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to query from a list of name servers, it prefers the one that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein topologically closest to itself. The <span class="command"><strong>topology</strong></span> statement
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt takes an <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interprets it
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in a special way. Each top-level list element is assigned a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Non-negated elements get a distance based on their position in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list, where the closer the match is to the start of the list, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein shorter the distance is between it and the server. A negated match
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt will be assigned the maximum distance from the server. If there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is no match, the address will get a distance which is further than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any non-negated list element, and closer than any negated element.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer servers on network 10 the most, followed by hosts
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt on network 1.2.0.0 (netmask 255.255.0.0) and network 3, with the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt exception of hosts on network 1.2.3 (netmask 255.255.255.0), which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is preferred least of all.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default topology is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"> topology { localhost; localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>topology</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_sortlist_statement"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> Statement</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The response to a DNS query may consist of multiple resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records (RRs) forming a resource records set (RRset).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name server will normally return the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs within the RRset in an indeterminate order
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (but see the <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater statement in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>).
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The client resolver code should rearrange the RRs as appropriate,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater that is, using any addresses on the local net in preference to
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater other addresses.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater However, not all resolvers can do this or are correctly
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater When a client is using a local server, the sorting can be performed
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater in the server, based on the client's address. This only requires
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater configuring the name servers, not all the clients.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> statement (see below)
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce an <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span> and
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater interprets it even
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater more specifically than the <span class="command"><strong>topology</strong></span>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce does (<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#topology" title="Topology">the section called “Topology”</a>).
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Each top level statement in the <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> must
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater itself be an explicit <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span> with
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce one or two elements. The first element (which may be an IP
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User an IP prefix, an ACL name or a nested <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of each top level list is checked against the source address of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the query until a match is found.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once the source address of the query has been matched, if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level statement contains only one element, the actual
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element that matched the source address is used to select the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the response to move to the beginning of the response. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is a list of two elements, then the second element is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treated the same as the <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span> in
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce a <span class="command"><strong>topology</strong></span> statement. Each top
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce level element
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce is assigned a distance and the address in the response with the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User distance is moved to the beginning of the response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the following example, any queries received from any of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the addresses of the host itself will get responses preferring
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on any of the locally connected networks. Next most preferred are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt on the 192.168.1/24 network, and after that either the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt 192.168.3/24 network with no preference shown between these two
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt networks. Queries received from a host on the 192.168.1/24 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer other addresses on that network to the 192.168.2/24
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt 192.168.3/24 networks. Queries received from a host on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the 192.168.5/24 network will only prefer other addresses on
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User their directly connected networks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF the local host
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews // THEN first fit on the following nets
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews { localhost;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt // IF on class C 192.168.1 THEN use .1, or .2 or .3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF on class C 192.168.2 THEN use .2, or .1 or .3
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt // IF on class C 192.168.3 THEN use .3, or .1 or .2
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // IF .4 or .5 THEN prefer that net
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following example will give reasonable behavior for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local host and hosts on directly connected networks. It is similar
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the behavior of the address sort in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.x. Responses sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to queries from the local host will favor any of the directly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein networks. Responses sent to queries from any other hosts on a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt connected network will prefer addresses on that same network.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to other queries will not be sorted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localhost; localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="rrset_ordering"></a>RRset Ordering</h4></div></div></div>
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater When multiple records are returned in an answer it may be
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt useful to configure the order of the records placed into the
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span> statement permits
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater of the ordering of the records in a multiple record response.
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater See also the <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span class="command"><strong>order_spec</strong></span> is defined as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">class <em class="replaceable"><code>class_name</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">type <em class="replaceable"><code>type_name</code></em></span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional">name <em class="replaceable"><code>"domain_name"</code></em></span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce order <em class="replaceable"><code>ordering</code></em>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If no class is specified, the default is <span class="command"><strong>ANY</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no type is specified, the default is <span class="command"><strong>ANY</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no name is specified, the default is "<span class="command"><strong>*</strong></span>" (asterisk).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The legal values for <span class="command"><strong>ordering</strong></span> are:
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>fixed</strong></span></p>
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater Records are returned in the order they
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater are defined in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>random</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in some random order.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>cyclic</strong></span></p>
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User Records are returned in a cyclic round-robin order.
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User If <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> is configured with the
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User "--enable-fixed-rrset" option at compile time, then
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User the initial ordering of the RRset will match the
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User one specified in the zone file.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt class IN type A name "host.example.com" order random;
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User order cyclic;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will cause any responses for type A records in class IN that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have "<code class="literal">host.example.com</code>" as a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt suffix, to always be returned
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in random order. All other records are returned in cyclic order.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If multiple <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span> statements
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt appear, they are not combined — the last one applies.
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User By default, all records are returned in random order.
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater In this release of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span> statement does not support
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt "fixed" ordering by default. Fixed ordering can be enabled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at compile time by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" on
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the "configure" command line.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="tuning"></a>Tuning</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>lame-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the number of seconds to cache a
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User lame server indication. 0 disables caching. (This is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="bold"><strong>NOT</strong></span> recommended.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is <code class="literal">600</code> (10 minutes) and the
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater maximum value is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <code class="literal">1800</code> (30 minutes).
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>servfail-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Sets the number of seconds to cache a
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL response due to DNSSEC validation failure or
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater other general server failure. If set to
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <code class="literal">0</code>, SERVFAIL caching is disabled.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The SERVFAIL cache is not consulted if a query has
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater the CD (Checking Disabled) bit set; this allows a
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater query that failed due to DNSSEC validation to be retried
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater without waiting for the SERVFAIL TTL to expire.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The maximum value is <code class="literal">30</code>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater seconds; any higher value will be silently
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater reduced. The default is <code class="literal">1</code>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater To reduce network traffic and increase performance,
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater the server stores negative answers. <span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User used to set a maximum retention time for these answers in
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User in seconds. The default
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is <code class="literal">10800</code> seconds (3 hours).
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> cannot exceed
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater 7 days and will
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater be silently truncated to 7 days if set to a greater value.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-cache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Sets the maximum time for which the server will
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater cache ordinary (positive) answers in seconds.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The default is 604800 (one week).
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater A value of zero may cause all queries to return
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User SERVFAIL, because of lost caches of intermediate
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt RRsets (such as NS and glue AAAA/A records) in the
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater resolution process.
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-roots</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The minimum number of root servers that
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User is required for a request for the root servers to be
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater accepted. The default
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater is <strong class="userinput"><code>2</code></strong>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User Not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User Specifies the number of days into the future when
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt DNSSEC signatures automatically generated as a
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User result of dynamic updates (<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dynamic_update" title="Dynamic Update">the section called “Dynamic Update”</a>) will expire. There
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User is an optional second field which specifies how
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt long before expiry that the signatures will be
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater regenerated. If not specified, the signatures will
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User be regenerated at 1/4 of base interval. The second
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field is specified in days if the base interval is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt greater than 7 days otherwise it is specified in hours.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default base interval is <code class="literal">30</code> days
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein giving a re-signing interval of 7 1/2 days. The maximum
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User values are 10 years (3660 days).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The signature inception time is unconditionally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to one hour before the current time to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a limited amount of clock skew.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be, at least, several multiples of the SOA
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User expire interval to allow for reasonable interaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein between the various timer and expiry dates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the maximum number of nodes to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein examined in each quantum when signing a zone with
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User a new DNSKEY. The default is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specify a threshold number of signatures that
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater will terminate processing a quantum when signing
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater a zone with a new DNSKEY. The default is
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Specify a private RDATA type to be used when generating
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User signing state records. The default is
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User It is expected that this parameter may be removed
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User in a future version once there is a standard type.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Signing state records are used to internally by
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to track the current state of
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User a zone-signing process, i.e., whether it is still active
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User or has been completed. The records can be inspected
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User using the command
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -list <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Once <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> has finished signing
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User a zone with a particular key, the signing state
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User record associated with that key can be removed from
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the zone by running
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -clear <em class="replaceable"><code>keyid/algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User To clear all of the completed signing state
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User records for a zone, use
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -clear all <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User<span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User These options control the server's behavior on refreshing a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (querying for SOA changes) or retrying failed transfers.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Usually the SOA values for the zone are used, but these
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt are set by the master, giving slave server administrators
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User control over their contents.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt These options allow the administrator to set a minimum and
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User maximum refresh and retry time in seconds per-zone,
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User per-view, or globally.
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User These options are valid for slave and stub zones,
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater and clamp the SOA refresh and retry times to the specified
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The following defaults apply.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>min-refresh-time</strong></span> 300 seconds,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-refresh-time</strong></span> 2419200 seconds
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater (4 weeks), <span class="command"><strong>min-retry-time</strong></span> 500 seconds,
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User and <span class="command"><strong>max-retry-time</strong></span> 1209600 seconds
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Sets the maximum advertised EDNS UDP buffer size in
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User bytes, to control the size of packets received from
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User authoritative servers in response to recursive queries.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this range
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater will be silently adjusted to the nearest value within
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater it). The default value is 4096.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The usual reason for setting
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default value
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User is to get UDP answers to pass through broken firewalls
f7b2875691497b292eacb60609be23a813d14e63Automatic Updater that block fragmented packets and/or block UDP DNS
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> first queries a remote
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater server, it will advertise a UDP buffer size of 512, as
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User this has the greatest chance of success on the first try.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If the initial response times out, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater will try again with plain DNS, and if that is successful,
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater it will be taken as evidence that the server does not
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater support EDNS. After enough failures using EDNS and
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater successes using plain DNS, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt will default to plain DNS for future communications
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with that server. (Periodically, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater will send an EDNS query to see if the situation has
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews However, if the initial query is successful with
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews EDNS advertising a buffer size of 512, then
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will advertise progressively
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews larger buffer sizes on successive queries, until
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews responses begin timing out or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span> is reached.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User The default buffer sizes used by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User are 512, 1232, 1432, and 4096, but never exceeding
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span>. (The values 1232 and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User 1432 are chosen to allow for an IPv4/IPv6 encapsulated
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User UDP message to be sent without fragmentation at the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt minimum MTU sizes for Ethernet and IPv6 networks.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater Sets the maximum EDNS UDP message size
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will send in bytes.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User range will be silently adjusted to the nearest
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User value within it). The default value is 4096.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User This value applies to responses sent by a server; to
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User set the advertised buffer size in queries, see
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span>.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User The usual reason for setting
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>max-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User firewalls that block fragmented packets and/or
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User This is independent of the advertised receive
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User buffer (<span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span>).
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User Setting this to a low value will encourage additional
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User TCP traffic to the nameserver.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
d6984fd680db88faad5be52edef2416dd20488baTinderbox User the file format of zone files (see
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format" title="Additional File Formats">the section called “Additional File Formats”</a>).
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User The default value is <code class="constant">text</code>, which is the
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User standard textual representation, except for slave zones,
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User in which the default value is <code class="constant">raw</code>.
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User Files in other formats than <code class="constant">text</code> are
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User typically expected to be generated by the
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named-compilezone</strong></span> tool, or dumped by
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User Note that when a zone file in a different format than
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <code class="constant">text</code> is loaded, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User may omit some of the checks which would be performed for a
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User file in the <code class="constant">text</code> format. In particular,
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span> checks do not apply
c60ee6edf129596fa04db86c6865d75b5a412598Tinderbox User for the <code class="constant">raw</code> format. This means
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User a zone file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format
c60ee6edf129596fa04db86c6865d75b5a412598Tinderbox User must be generated with the same check level as that
c60ee6edf129596fa04db86c6865d75b5a412598Tinderbox User specified in the <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> configuration
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User file. Also, <code class="constant">map</code> format files are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt loaded directly into memory via memory mapping, with only
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater minimal checking.
4a5d8786edaff5f9f022c117b4da084bcb4a0b71Automatic Updater This statement sets the
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span> for all zones,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User but can be overridden on a per-zone or per-view basis
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater by including a <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statement within the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> or
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> block in the configuration
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>masterfile-style</strong></span></span></dt>
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User Specifies the formatting of zone files during dump
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User when the <code class="option">masterfile-format</code> is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <code class="constant">text</code>. (This option is ignored
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User with any other <code class="option">masterfile-format</code>.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When set to <code class="constant">relative</code>,
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User records are printed in a multi-line format with owner
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User names expressed relative to a shared origin. When set
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User to <code class="constant">full</code>, records are printed in
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User a single-line format with absolute owner names.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The <code class="constant">full</code> format is most suitable
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User when a zone file needs to be processed automatically
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User by a script. The <code class="constant">relative</code> format
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User is more human-readable, and is thus suitable when a
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User zone is to be edited by hand. The default is
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User<a name="max-recursion-depth"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-recursion-depth</strong></span></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Sets the maximum number of levels of recursion
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User that are permitted at any one time while servicing
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User a recursive query. Resolving a name may require
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User looking up a name server address, which in turn
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User requires resolving another name, etc; if the number
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User of indirections exceeds this value, the recursive
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt query is terminated and returns SERVFAIL. The
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User default is 7.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="max-recursion-queries"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-recursion-queries</strong></span></span>
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User Sets the maximum number of iterative queries that
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User may be sent while servicing a recursive query.
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User If more queries are sent, the recursive query
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User is terminated and returns SERVFAIL. Queries to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein look up top level domains such as "com" and "net"
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User and the DNS root zone are exempt from this limitation.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The default is 75.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The delay, in seconds, between sending sets of notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages for a zone. The default is five (5) seconds.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The overall rate that NOTIFY messages are sent for all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones is controlled by <span class="command"><strong>serial-query-rate</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-rsa-exponent-size</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The maximum RSA exponent size, in bits, that will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt be accepted when validating. Valid values are 35
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to 4096 bits. The default zero (0) is also accepted
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User and is equivalent to 4096.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>prefetch</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User When a query is received for cached data which
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is to expire shortly, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein refresh the data from the authoritative server
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt immediately, ensuring that the cache always has an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answer available.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <code class="option">prefetch</code> specifies the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User "trigger" TTL value at which prefetch of the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query will take place: when a cache record with a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lower TTL value is encountered during query processing,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt it will be refreshed. Valid trigger TTL values are 1 to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 10 seconds. Values larger than 10 seconds will be silently
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt reduced to 10.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting a trigger TTL to zero (0) causes
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User prefetch to be disabled.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default trigger TTL is <code class="literal">2</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An optional second argument specifies the "eligibility"
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt TTL: the smallest <span class="emphasis"><em>original</em></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TTL value that will be accepted for a record to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein eligible for prefetching. The eligibility TTL must
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews be at least six seconds longer than the trigger TTL;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if it isn't, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will silently
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein adjust it upward.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default eligibility TTL is <code class="literal">9</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>v6-bias</strong></span></span></dt>
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater When determining the next nameserver to try
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater preference IPv6 nameservers by this many milliseconds.
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater The default is <code class="literal">50</code> milliseconds.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="builtin"></a>Built-in server information zones</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The server provides some helpful diagnostic information
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User through a number of built-in zones under the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pseudo-top-level-domain <code class="literal">bind</code> in the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span> class. These zones are part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built-in view (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar" title="view Statement Grammar">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>) of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span> which is separate from the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt default view of class <span class="command"><strong>IN</strong></span>. Most global
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User configuration options (<span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>,
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews etc) will apply to this view, but some are locally
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews overridden: <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span>,
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>recursion</strong></span> and
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>allow-new-zones</strong></span> are
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater always set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, and
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> is set to allow
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater three responses per second.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews If you need to disable these zones, use the options
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User below, or hide the built-in <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User defining an explicit view of class <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User that matches all clients.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>version</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The version the server should report
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User via a query of the name <code class="literal">version.bind</code>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with type <span class="command"><strong>TXT</strong></span>, class <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is the real version number of this server.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specifying <span class="command"><strong>version none</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt disables processing of the queries.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>hostname</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The hostname the server should report via a query of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the name <code class="filename">hostname.bind</code>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with type <span class="command"><strong>TXT</strong></span>, class <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This defaults to the hostname of the machine hosting the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt name server as
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt found by the gethostname() function. The primary purpose of such queries
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt answering your queries. Specifying <span class="command"><strong>hostname none;</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt disables processing of the queries.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>server-id</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The ID the server should report when receiving a Name
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Server Identifier (NSID) query, or a query of the name
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>TXT</strong></span>, class <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The primary purpose of such queries is to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt answering your queries. Specifying <span class="command"><strong>server-id none;</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt disables processing of the queries.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specifying <span class="command"><strong>server-id hostname;</strong></span> will cause <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt use the hostname as found by the gethostname() function.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default <span class="command"><strong>server-id</strong></span> is <span class="command"><strong>none</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="empty"></a>Built-in Empty Zones</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server has some built-in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt empty zones (SOA and NS records only).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt These are for zones that should normally be answered locally
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and which queries should not be sent to the Internet's root
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt servers. The official servers which cover these namespaces
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt return NXDOMAIN responses to these queries. In particular,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt these cover the reverse namespaces for addresses from
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt RFC 1918, RFC 4193, RFC 5737 and RFC 6598. They also include the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt reverse namespace for IPv6 local address (locally assigned),
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IPv6 link local addresses, the IPv6 loopback address and the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IPv6 unknown address.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The server will attempt to determine if a built-in zone
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt already exists or is active (covered by a forward-only
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt forwarding declaration) and will not create an empty
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt zone in that case.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The current list of empty zones is:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">107.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">109.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">112.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">114.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">115.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">116.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">118.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">122.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">124.100.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">254.169.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">2.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<li class="listitem">100.51.198.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">113.0.203.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<li class="listitem">255.255.255.255.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<li class="listitem">8.B.D.0.1.0.0.2.IP6.ARPA</li>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Empty zones are settable at the view level and only apply to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews views of class IN. Disabled empty zones are only inherited
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews from options if there are no disabled empty zones specified
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt at the view level. To override the options list of disabled
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zones, you can disable the root zone at the view level, for example:
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User disable-empty-zone ".";
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you are using the address ranges covered here, you should
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews already have reverse zones covering the addresses you use.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In practice this appears to not be the case with many queries
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User being made to the infrastructure servers for names in these
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews spaces. So many in fact that sacrificial servers were needed
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to be deployed to channel the query load away from the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt infrastructure servers.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The real parent servers for these zones should disable all
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User empty zone under the parent zone they serve. For the real
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt root servers, this is all built-in empty zones. This will
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews enable them to return referrals to deeper in the tree.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>empty-server</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specify what server name will appear in the returned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone's name will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>empty-contact</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specify what contact name will appear in the returned
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt "." will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>empty-zones-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enable or disable all empty zones. By default, they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are enabled.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>disable-empty-zone</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disable individual empty zones. By default, none are
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews disabled. This option can be specified multiple times.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="acache"></a>Additional Section Caching</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The additional section cache, also called <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span>,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User is an internal cache to improve the response performance of BIND 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When additional section caching is enabled, BIND 9 will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt cache an internal short-cut to the additional section content for
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User each answer RR.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Note that <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span> is an internal caching
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User mechanism of BIND 9, and is not related to the DNS caching
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server function.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Additional section caching does not change the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews response content (except the RRsets ordering of the additional
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User section, see below), but can improve the response performance
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt significantly.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User It is particularly effective when BIND 9 acts as an authoritative
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews server for a zone that has many delegations with many glue RRs.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews In order to obtain the maximum performance improvement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from additional section caching, setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span> is recommended, since the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein implementation of <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span>
276e28f813ffef042d5a6e9f3373ef4e2ad37996Mark Andrews does not short-cut of additional section information from the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User DNS cache data.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User One obvious disadvantage of <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span> is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater that it requires much more
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User memory for the internal cached data.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Thus, if the response performance does not matter and memory
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater consumption is much more critical, the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span> mechanism can be
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater disabled by setting <span class="command"><strong>acache-enable</strong></span> to
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater It is also possible to specify the upper limit of memory
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for acache by using <span class="command"><strong>max-acache-size</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Additional section caching also has a minor effect on the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater RRset ordering in the additional section.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Without <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>cyclic</strong></span> order is effective for the additional
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater section as well as the answer and authority sections.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater However, additional section caching fixes the ordering when it
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt first caches an RRset for the additional section, and the same
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater ordering will be kept in succeeding responses, regardless of the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater setting of <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The effect of this should be minor, however, since an
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt RRset in the additional section
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater typically only contains a small number of RRs (and in many cases
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater it only contains a single RR), in which case the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt ordering does not matter much.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The following is a summary of options related to
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>acache-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>, additional section caching is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater enabled. The default value is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The server will remove stale cache entries, based on an LRU
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater algorithm, every <span class="command"><strong>acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The default is 60 minutes.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If set to 0, no periodic cleaning will occur.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-acache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The maximum amount of memory in bytes to use for the server's acache.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater When the amount of data in the acache reaches this limit,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater will clean more aggressively so that the limit is not
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater separately to the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User acache of each view.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The default is <code class="literal">16M</code>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="content_filtering"></a>Content Filtering</h4></div></div></div>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides the ability to filter
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater out DNS responses from external DNS servers containing
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater certain types of data in the answer section.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Specifically, it can reject address (A or AAAA) records if
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the corresponding IPv4 or IPv6 addresses match the given
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater It can also reject CNAME or DNAME records if the "alias"
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater name (i.e., the CNAME alias or the substituted query name
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater due to DNAME) matches the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User given <code class="varname">namelist</code> of the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-aliases</strong></span> option, where
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater "match" means the alias name is a subdomain of one of
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the <code class="varname">name_list</code> elements.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If the optional <code class="varname">namelist</code> is specified
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater with <span class="command"><strong>except-from</strong></span>, records whose query name
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User matches the list will be accepted regardless of the filter
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Likewise, if the alias name is a subdomain of the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater corresponding zone, the <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater filter will not apply;
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater for example, even if "example.com" is specified for
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">www.example.com. CNAME xxx.example.com.</pre>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater returned by an "example.com" server will be accepted.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater In the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option, only
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater and <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater are meaningful;
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater any <code class="varname">key_id</code> will be silently ignored.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If a response message is rejected due to the filtering,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the entire message is discarded without being cached, and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater a SERVFAIL error will be returned to the client.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater This filtering is intended to prevent "DNS rebinding attacks," in
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater which an attacker, in response to a query for a domain name the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater attacker controls, returns an IP address within your own network or
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater an alias name within your own domain.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater A naive web browser or script could then serve as an
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater unintended proxy, allowing the attacker
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater to get access to an internal node of your local network
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User that couldn't be externally accessed otherwise.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater See the paper available at
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <a class="link" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1315245.1315298" target="_top">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1315245.1315298
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater for more details about the attacks.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater For example, if you own a domain named "example.net" and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User your internal network uses an IPv4 prefix 192.0.2.0/24,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User you might specify the following rules:
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">deny-answer-addresses { 192.0.2.0/24; } except-from { "example.net"; };
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox Userdeny-answer-aliases { "example.net"; };
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User If an external attacker lets a web browser in your local
b68a2d272b958eb2c40cce59ee33e71c5f5f521bTinderbox User network look up an IPv4 address of "attacker.example.com",
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater the attacker's DNS server would return a response like this:
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">attacker.example.com. A 192.0.2.1</pre>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater in the answer section.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Since the rdata of this record (the IPv4 address) matches
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater the specified prefix 192.0.2.0/24, this response will be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt On the other hand, if the browser looks up a legitimate
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater internal web server "www.example.net" and the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User following response is returned to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 server
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">www.example.net. A 192.0.2.2</pre>
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User it will be accepted since the owner name "www.example.net"
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt matches the <span class="command"><strong>except-from</strong></span> element,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Note that this is not really an attack on the DNS per se.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User In fact, there is nothing wrong for an "external" name to
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User be mapped to your "internal" IP address or domain name
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt from the DNS point of view.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It might actually be provided for a legitimate purpose,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User such as for debugging.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User As long as the mapping is provided by the correct owner,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User it is not possible or does not make sense to detect
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User whether the intent of the mapping is legitimate or not
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User within the DNS.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The "rebinding" attack must primarily be protected at the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User application that uses the DNS.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User For a large site, however, it may be difficult to protect
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User all possible applications at once.
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User This filtering feature is provided only to help such an
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User operational environment;
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User it is generally discouraged to turn it on unless you are
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User very sure you have no other choice and the attack is a
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User real threat for your applications.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Care should be particularly taken if you want to use this
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User option for addresses within 127.0.0.0/8.
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User These addresses are obviously "internal", but many
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User applications conventionally rely on a DNS mapping from
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User some name to such an address.
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User Filtering out DNS records containing this address
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User spuriously can break such applications.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<a name="rpz"></a>Response Policy Zone (RPZ) Rewriting</h4></div></div></div>
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 includes a limited
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User mechanism to modify DNS responses for requests
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User analogous to email anti-spam DNS blacklists.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Responses can be changed to deny the existence of domains (NXDOMAIN),
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User deny the existence of IP addresses for domains (NODATA),
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User or contain other IP addresses or data.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Response policy zones are named in the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option for the view or among the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User global options if there is no response-policy option for the view.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Response policy zones are ordinary DNS zones containing RRsets
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User that can be queried normally if allowed.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It is usually best to restrict those queries with something like
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>allow-query { localhost; };</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Note that zones using <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format map</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt cannot be used as policy zones.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User A <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option can support
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User multiple policy zones. To maximize performance, a radix
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User tree is used to quickly identify response policy zones
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User containing triggers that match the current query. This
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User imposes an upper limit of 32 on the number of policy zones
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in a single <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option; more
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User than that is a configuration error.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Five policy triggers can be encoded in RPZ records.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RPZ-CLIENT-IP</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IP records are triggered by the IP address of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Client IP address triggers are encoded in records that have
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User owner names that are subdomains of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>rpz-client-ip</strong></span> relativized to the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User policy zone origin name
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User and encode an address or address block.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IPv4 addresses are represented as
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>prefixlength.B4.B3.B2.B1.rpz-client-ip</code></strong>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The IPv4 prefix length must be between 1 and 32.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User All four bytes, B4, B3, B2, and B1, must be present.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User B4 is the decimal value of the least significant byte of the
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User IPv4 address as in IN-ADDR.ARPA.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IPv6 addresses are encoded in a format similar
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater to the standard IPv6 text representation,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <strong class="userinput"><code>prefixlength.W8.W7.W6.W5.W4.W3.W2.W1.rpz-client-ip</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Each of W8,...,W1 is a one to four digit hexadecimal number
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt representing 16 bits of the IPv6 address as in the standard
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater text representation of IPv6 addresses, but reversed as in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IP6.ARPA. (Note that this representation of IPv6
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User address is different from IP6.ARPA where each hex
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater digit occupies a label.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt All 8 words must be present except when one set of consecutive
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User zero words is replaced with <strong class="userinput"><code>.zz.</code></strong>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater analogous to double colons (::) in standard IPv6 text
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The IPv6 prefix length must be between 1 and 128.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>QNAME</strong></span></span></dt>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater QNAME policy records are triggered by query names of
7f18387d4b5e85a430436570a5072e41d83fa246Tinderbox User requests and targets of CNAME records resolved to generate
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The owner name of a QNAME policy record is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the query name relativized to the policy zone.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RPZ-IP</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User IP triggers are IP addresses in an
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User A or AAAA record in the ANSWER section of a response.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater They are encoded like client-IP triggers except as
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User subdomains of <span class="command"><strong>rpz-ip</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RPZ-NSDNAME</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User NSDNAME triggers match names of authoritative servers
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for the query name, a parent of the query name, a CNAME for
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt query name, or a parent of a CNAME.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User They are encoded as subdomains of
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>rpz-nsdname</strong></span> relativized
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater to the RPZ origin name.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User NSIP triggers match IP addresses in A and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt AAAA RRsets for domains that can be checked against NSDNAME
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User policy records.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RPZ-NSIP</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User NSIP triggers match the IP addresses of authoritative
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User servers. They are enncoded like IP triggers, except as
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt subdomains of <span class="command"><strong>rpz-nsip</strong></span>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User NSDNAME and NSIP triggers are checked only for names with at
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User least <span class="command"><strong>min-ns-dots</strong></span> dots.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default value of <span class="command"><strong>min-ns-dots</strong></span> is
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User 1, to exclude top level domains.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If a name server's IP address is not yet known,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will recursively look up
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the IP address before applying an RPZ-NSIP rule.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This can cause a processing delay. To speed up
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User processing at the cost of precision, the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>nsip-wait-recurse</strong></span> option
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User can be used: when set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User RPZ-NSIP rules will only be applied when a name
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt servers's IP address has already been looked up and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User cached. If a server's IP address is not in the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User cache, then the RPZ-NSIP rule will be ignored,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User but the address will be looked up in the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User background, and the rule will be applied
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to subsequent queries. The default is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, meaning RPZ-NSIP
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User rules should always be applied even if an
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User address needs to be looked up first.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The query response is checked against all response policy zones,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User so two or more policy records can be triggered by a response.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Because DNS responses are rewritten according to at most one
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User policy record, a single record encoding an action (other than
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>DISABLED</strong></span> actions) must be chosen.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Triggers or the records that encode them are chosen for the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User rewriting in the following order:
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">Choose the triggered record in the zone that appears
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User first in the <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">Prefer CLIENT-IP to QNAME to IP to NSDNAME to NSIP
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User triggers in a single zone.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<li class="listitem">Among NSDNAME triggers, prefer the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User trigger that matches the smallest name under the DNSSEC ordering.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">Among IP or NSIP triggers, prefer the trigger
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with the longest prefix.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<li class="listitem">Among triggers with the same prefix length,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User prefer the IP or NSIP trigger that matches
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the smallest IP address.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User When the processing of a response is restarted to resolve
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt DNAME or CNAME records and a policy record set has
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User not been triggered,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User all response policy zones are again consulted for the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User DNAME or CNAME names and addresses.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User RPZ record sets are any types of DNS record except
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User DNAME or DNSSEC that encode actions or responses to
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User individual queries.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Any of the policies can be used with any of the triggers.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User For example, while the <span class="command"><strong>TCP-only</strong></span> policy is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User commonly used with <span class="command"><strong>client-IP</strong></span> triggers,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User it can be used with any type of trigger to force the use of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt TCP for responses with owner names in a zone.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>PASSTHRU</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The whitelist policy is specified
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User by a CNAME whose target is <span class="command"><strong>rpz-passthru</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It causes the response to not be rewritten
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User and is most often used to "poke holes" in policies for
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>DROP</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The blacklist policy is specified
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User by a CNAME whose target is <span class="command"><strong>rpz-drop</strong></span>.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User It causes the response to be discarded.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Nothing is sent to the DNS client.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>TCP-Only</strong></span></span></dt>
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User The "slip" policy is specified
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User by a CNAME whose target is <span class="command"><strong>rpz-tcp-only</strong></span>.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User It changes UDP responses to short, truncated DNS responses
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User that require the DNS client to try again with TCP.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User It is used to mitigate distributed DNS reflection attacks.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>NXDOMAIN</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The domain undefined response is encoded
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User by a CNAME whose target is the root domain (.)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>NODATA</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The empty set of resource records is specified by
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User CNAME whose target is the wildcard top-level
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It rewrites the response to NODATA or ANCOUNT=1.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>Local Data</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User A set of ordinary DNS records can be used to answer queries.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Queries for record types not the set are answered with
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User A special form of local data is a CNAME whose target is a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt wildcard such as *.example.com.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It is used as if were an ordinary CNAME after the asterisk (*)
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User has been replaced with the query name.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The purpose for this special form is query logging in the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User walled garden's authority DNS server.
892503bd484c106493e3c8053155b364a522ec03Tinderbox User All of the actions specified in all of the individual records
892503bd484c106493e3c8053155b364a522ec03Tinderbox User in a policy zone
892503bd484c106493e3c8053155b364a522ec03Tinderbox User can be overridden with a <span class="command"><strong>policy</strong></span> clause in the
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User An organization using a policy zone provided by another
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User organization might use this mechanism to redirect domains
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User to its own walled garden.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>GIVEN</strong></span></span></dt>
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User<dd><p>The placeholder policy says "do not override but
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User perform the action specified in the zone."
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>DISABLED</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The testing override policy causes policy zone records to do
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater nothing but log what they would have done if the
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater policy zone were not disabled.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The response to the DNS query will be written (or not)
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User according to any triggered policy records that are not
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater Disabled policy zones should appear first,
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater because they will often not be logged
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater if a higher precedence trigger is found first.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>PASSTHRU</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>DROP</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>TCP-Only</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>NXDOMAIN</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>NODATA</strong></span></span>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater override with the corresponding per-record policy.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>CNAME domain</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User causes all RPZ policy records to act as if they were
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater "cname domain" records.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater By default, the actions encoded in a response policy zone
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater are applied only to queries that ask for recursion (RD=1).
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User That default can be changed for a single policy zone or
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User all response policy zones in a view
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater with a <span class="command"><strong>recursive-only no</strong></span> clause.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User This feature is useful for serving the same zone files
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater both inside and outside an RFC 1918 cloud and using RPZ to
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater delete answers that would otherwise contain RFC 1918 values
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater on the externally visible name server or view.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Also by default, RPZ actions are applied only to DNS requests
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User that either do not request DNSSEC metadata (DO=0) or when no
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User DNSSEC records are available for request name in the original
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User zone (not the response policy zone). This default can be
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User changed for all response policy zones in a view with a
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>break-dnssec yes</strong></span> clause. In that case, RPZ
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User actions are applied regardless of DNSSEC. The name of the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User clause option reflects the fact that results rewritten by RPZ
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User actions cannot verify.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User No DNS records are needed for a QNAME or Client-IP trigger.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The name or IP address itself is sufficient,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User so in principle the query name need not be recursively resolved.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User However, not resolving the requested
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User name can leak the fact that response policy rewriting is in use
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User and that the name is listed in a policy zone to operators of
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User servers for listed names. To prevent that information leak, by
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User default any recursion needed for a request is done before any
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User policy triggers are considered. Because listed domains often
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User have slow authoritative servers, this default behavior can cost
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User significant time.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>qname-wait-recurse no</strong></span> option
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User overrides that default behavior when recursion cannot
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User change a non-error response.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The option does not affect QNAME or client-IP triggers
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User in policy zones listed
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt after other zones containing IP, NSIP and NSDNAME triggers, because
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User those may depend on the A, AAAA, and NS records that would be
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User found during recursive resolution. It also does not affect
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt DNSSEC requests (DO=1) unless <span class="command"><strong>break-dnssec yes</strong></span>
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User is in use, because the response would depend on whether or not
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User RRSIG records were found during resolution.
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User Using this option can cause error responses such as SERVFAIL to
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User appear to be rewritten, since no recursion is being done to
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User discover problems at the authoritative server.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The TTL of a record modified by RPZ policies is set from the
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User TTL of the relevant record in policy zone. It is then limited
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User to a maximum value.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>max-policy-ttl</strong></span> clause changes the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt maximum seconds from its default of 5.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User For example, you might use this option statement
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"> response-policy { zone "badlist"; };</pre>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User and this zone statement
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"> zone "badlist" {type master; file "master/badlist"; allow-query {none;}; };</pre>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User with this zone file
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User@ SOA LOCALHOST. named-mgr.example.com (1 1h 15m 30d 2h)
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User NS LOCALHOST.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User; QNAME policy records. There are no periods (.) after the owner names.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox Usernxdomain.domain.com CNAME . ; NXDOMAIN policy
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User*.nxdomain.domain.com CNAME . ; NXDOMAIN policy
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox Usernodata.domain.com CNAME *. ; NODATA policy
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User*.nodata.domain.com CNAME *. ; NODATA policy
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox Userbad.domain.com A 10.0.0.1 ; redirect to a walled garden
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User AAAA 2001:2::1
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User; do not rewrite (PASSTHRU) OK.DOMAIN.COM
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Huntok.domain.com CNAME rpz-passthru.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User; redirect x.bzone.domain.com to x.bzone.domain.com.garden.example.com
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User*.bzone.domain.com CNAME *.garden.example.com.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User; IP policy records that rewrite all responses containing A records in 127/8
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User; except 127.0.0.1
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User32.1.0.0.127.rpz-ip CNAME rpz-passthru.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User; NSDNAME and NSIP policy records
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt; blacklist and whitelist some DNS clients
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User; force some DNS clients and responses in the example.com zone to TCP
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User16.0.0.1.10.rpz-client-ip CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Huntexample.com CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
95d0bdf2b427478c4a8ed8e06f9e316c7880140eTinderbox User*.example.com CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt RPZ can affect server performance.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Each configured response policy zone requires the server to
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User perform one to four additional database lookups before a
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User query can be answered.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User For example, a DNS server with four policy zones, each with all
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt four kinds of response triggers, QNAME, IP, NSIP, and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt NSDNAME, requires a total of 17 times as many database
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User lookups as a similar DNS server with no response policy zones.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User A <acronym class="acronym">BIND9</acronym> server with adequate memory and one
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User response policy zone with QNAME and IP triggers might achieve a
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User maximum queries-per-second rate about 20% lower.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User A server with four response policy zones with QNAME and IP
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User triggers might have a maximum QPS rate about 50% lower.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses rewritten by RPZ are counted in the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>RPZRewrites</strong></span> statistics.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>log</strong></span> clause can be used to optionally
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User turn off rewrite logging for a particular response policy
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User zone. By default, all rewrites are logged.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User<a name="rrl"></a>Response Rate Limiting</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Excessive almost identical UDP <span class="emphasis"><em>responses</em></span>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User can be controlled by configuring a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> clause in an
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> or <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User This mechanism keeps authoritative BIND 9 from being used
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User in amplifying reflection denial of service (DoS) attacks.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Short truncated (TC=1) responses can be sent to provide
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User rate-limited responses to legitimate clients within
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a range of forged, attacked IP addresses.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Legitimate clients react to dropped or truncated response
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User by retrying with UDP or with TCP respectively.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User This mechanism is intended for authoritative DNS servers.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User It can be used on recursive servers but can slow
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User applications such as SMTP servers (mail receivers) and
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User HTTP clients (web browsers) that repeatedly request the
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User same domains.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When possible, closing "open" recursive servers is better.
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User Response rate limiting uses a "credit" or "token bucket" scheme.
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User Each combination of identical response and client
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User has a conceptual account that earns a specified number
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User of credits every second.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User A prospective response debits its account by one.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Responses are dropped or truncated
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User while the account is negative.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Responses are tracked within a rolling window of time
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User which defaults to 15 seconds, but can be configured with
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User the <span class="command"><strong>window</strong></span> option to any value from
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User 1 to 3600 seconds (1 hour).
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User The account cannot become more positive than
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User the per-second limit
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User or more negative than <span class="command"><strong>window</strong></span>
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User times the per-second limit.
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User When the specified number of credits for a class of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt responses is set to 0, those responses are not rate limited.
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User The notions of "identical response" and "DNS client"
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User for rate limiting are not simplistic.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User All responses to an address block are counted as if to a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt single client.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The prefix lengths of addresses blocks are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt specified with <span class="command"><strong>ipv4-prefix-length</strong></span> (default 24)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and <span class="command"><strong>ipv6-prefix-length</strong></span> (default 56).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User All non-empty responses for a valid domain name (qname)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User and record type (qtype) are identical and have a limit specified
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User (default 0 or no limit).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User All empty (NODATA) responses for a valid domain,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User regardless of query type, are identical.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses in the NODATA class are limited by
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>nodata-per-second</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User (default <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Requests for any and all undefined subdomains of a given
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User valid domain result in NXDOMAIN errors, and are identical
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt regardless of query type.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User They are limited by <span class="command"><strong>nxdomains-per-second</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User (default <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This controls some attacks using random names, but
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt can be relaxed or turned off (set to 0)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt on servers that expect many legitimate
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt NXDOMAIN responses, such as from anti-spam blacklists.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Referrals or delegations to the server of a given
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User domain are identical and are limited by
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>referrals-per-second</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User (default <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>).
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Responses generated from local wildcards are counted and limited
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User as if they were for the parent domain name.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User This controls flooding using random.wild.example.com.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt All requests that result in DNS errors other
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User than NXDOMAIN, such as SERVFAIL and FORMERR, are identical
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt regardless of requested name (qname) or record type (qtype).
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User This controls attacks using invalid requests or distant,
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User broken authoritative servers.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User By default the limit on errors is the same as the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span> value,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User but it can be set separately with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>errors-per-second</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Many attacks using DNS involve UDP requests with forged source
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Rate limiting prevents the use of BIND 9 to flood a network
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User with responses to requests with forged source addresses,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt but could let a third party block responses to legitimate requests.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User There is a mechanism that can answer some legitimate
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User requests from a client whose address is being forged in a flood.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Setting <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> to 2 (its default) causes every
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt other UDP request to be answered with a small truncated (TC=1)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The small size and reduced frequency, and so lack of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt amplification, of "slipped" responses make them unattractive
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for reflection DoS attacks.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> must be between 0 and 10.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User A value of 0 does not "slip":
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User no truncated responses are sent due to rate limiting,
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User all responses are dropped.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt A value of 1 causes every response to slip;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt values between 2 and 10 cause every n'th response to slip.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Some error responses including REFUSED and SERVFAIL
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User cannot be replaced with truncated responses and are instead
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User leaked at the <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> rate.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User (NOTE: Dropped responses from an authoritative server may
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User reduce the difficulty of a third party successfully forging
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User a response to a recursive resolver. The best security
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt against forged responses is for authoritative operators
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User to sign their zones using DNSSEC and for resolver operators
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User to validate the responses. When this is not an option,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt operators who are more concerned with response integrity
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User than with flood mitigation may consider setting
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> to 1, causing all rate-limited
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User responses to be truncated rather than dropped. This reduces
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User the effectiveness of rate-limiting against reflection attacks.)
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User When the approximate query per second rate exceeds
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the <span class="command"><strong>qps-scale</strong></span> value,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User then the <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>errors-per-second</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nxdomains-per-second</strong></span> and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span> values are reduced by the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User ratio of the current rate to the <span class="command"><strong>qps-scale</strong></span> value.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User This feature can tighten defenses during attacks.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User For example, with
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>qps-scale 250; responses-per-second 20;</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt a total query rate of 1000 queries/second for all queries from
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User all DNS clients including via TCP,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt then the effective responses/second limit changes to
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses sent via TCP are not limited
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User but are counted to compute the query per second rate.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The optional <span class="command"><strong>domain</strong></span> clause specifies
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the namespace to which rate limits will apply. It
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User is possible to use different rate limits for different names
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User by specifying multiple <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> blocks
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with different <span class="command"><strong>domain</strong></span> clauses.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> statement's
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>domain</strong></span> most closely matches the query
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt name will be the one applied to a given query.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Rate limiters for different name spaces maintain
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User separate counters: If, for example, there is a
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> statement for "com" and
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User another for "example.com", queries matching "example.com"
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User will not be debited against the rate limiter for "com".
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User If a <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> statement does not specify a
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>domain</strong></span>, then it applies to the root domain
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (".") and thus affects the entire DNS namespace, except those
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User portions covered by other <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span>
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User Communities of DNS clients can be given their own parameters or no
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User rate limiting by putting
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> statements in <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User statements instead of the global <span class="command"><strong>option</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt A <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> statement in a view replaces,
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User rather than supplementing, a <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span>
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User statement among the main options.
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User DNS clients within a view can be exempted from rate limits
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User with the <span class="command"><strong>exempt-clients</strong></span> clause.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt UDP responses of all kinds can be limited with the
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span> phrase. This rate
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User limiting is unlike the rate limiting provided by
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>,
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>errors-per-second</strong></span>, and
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>nxdomains-per-second</strong></span> on a DNS server
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User which are often invisible to the victim of a DNS
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User reflection attack. Unless the forged requests of the
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User attack are the same as the legitimate requests of the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User victim, the victim's requests are not affected. Responses
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User affected by an <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span> limit
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User are always dropped; the <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> value
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User has no effect. An <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User limit should be at least 4 times as large as the other
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User limits, because single DNS clients often send bursts
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User of legitimate requests. For example, the receipt of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein single mail message can prompt requests from an SMTP
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt server for NS, PTR, A, and AAAA records as the incoming
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt SMTP/TCP/IP connection is considered. The SMTP server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can need additional NS, A, AAAA, MX, TXT, and SPF records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as it considers the STMP <span class="command"><strong>Mail From</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command. Web browsers often repeatedly resolve the
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User same names that are repeated in HTML <IMG> tags
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User in a page. <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span> is similar
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User to the rate limiting offered by firewalls but often
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inferior. Attacks that justify ignoring the contents
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews of DNS responses are likely to be attacks on the DNS
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User server itself. They usually should be discarded before
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews the DNS server spends resources make TCP connections
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User or parsing DNS requests, but that rate limiting must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be done before the DNS server sees the requests.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User The maximum size of the table used to track requests and
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User rate limit responses is set with <span class="command"><strong>max-table-size</strong></span>.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Each entry in the table is between 40 and 80 bytes.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User The table needs approximately as many entries as the number
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater of requests received per second.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User The default is 20,000.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater To reduce the cold start of growing the table,
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>min-table-size</strong></span> (default 500)
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews can set the minimum table size.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews Enable <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> category logging to monitor
b3c2030de4cc02b8e881ca4e6f62b385d4b41b0fAutomatic Updater expansions of the table and inform
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews choices for the initial and maximum table size.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Use <span class="command"><strong>log-only yes</strong></span> to test rate limiting parameters
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein without actually dropping any requests.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Responses dropped by rate limits are included in the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>RateDropped</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>QryDropped</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses that truncated by rate limits are included in
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>RateSlipped</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>RespTruncated</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Named supports NXDOMAIN redirection via two methods:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li class="listitem">Redirect zone <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone Statement Grammar">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Statement Grammar”</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein With both methods when named gets a NXDOMAIN response
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it examines a separate namespace to see if the NXDOMAIN
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response should be replaced with an alternative response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein With a redirect zone (<span class="command"><strong>zone "." { type redirect; };</strong></span>), the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data used to replace the NXDOMAIN is held in a single
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt zone which is not part of the normal namespace. All the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein redirect information is contained in the zone; there are
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User no delegations.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein With a redirect namespace (<span class="command"><strong>option { nxdomain-redirect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <suffix> };</strong></span>) the data used to replace the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NXDOMAIN is part of the normal namespace and is looked up by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt appending the specified suffix to the original query name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This roughly doubles the cache required to process NXDOMAIN
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt responses as you have the original NXDOMAIN response and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the replacement data or a NXDOMAIN indicating that there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is no replacement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If both a redirect zone and a redirect namespace are configured,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the redirect zone is tried first.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="server_statement_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr[/prefixlen]</code></em> {
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> bogus <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-expire <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> request-nsid <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> send-cookie <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns-version <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [<span class="optional"> tcp-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [<span class="optional"> transfers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em> ; ]</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> query-source [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-updateinterval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="server_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statement defines
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews characteristics
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to be associated with a remote name server. If a prefix length is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt specified, then a range of servers is covered. Only the most
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User server clause applies regardless of the order in
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statement can occur at
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User the top level of the
9c716f839c5dc2a9e236dada3af83b03e863078bTinderbox User configuration file or inside a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement contains
9c716f839c5dc2a9e236dada3af83b03e863078bTinderbox User one or more <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statements, only
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt apply to the view and any top-level ones are ignored.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If a view contains no <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt any top-level <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statements are
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User If you discover that a remote server is giving out bad data,
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User marking it as bogus will prevent further queries to it. The
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User value of <span class="command"><strong>bogus</strong></span> is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User the local server, acting as master, will respond with an
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User zone transfer when the given remote server, a slave, requests it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>, incremental transfer
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User will be provided
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt whenever possible. If set to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt all transfers
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User to the remote server will be non-incremental. If not set, the
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User of the <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> option in the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews global options block is used as a default.
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User the local server, acting as a slave, will request incremental zone
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User transfers from the given remote server, a master. If not set, the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User value of the <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> option in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the view or global options block is used as a default. It may
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt also be set in the zone block and, if set there, it will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt override the global or view setting for that zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IXFR requests to servers that do not support IXFR will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt automatically
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt fall back to AXFR. Therefore, there is no need to manually list
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt which servers support IXFR and which ones do not; the global
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span> should always work.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The purpose of the <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> clauses is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to make it possible to disable the use of IXFR even when both
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and slave claim to support it, for example if one of the servers
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is buggy and crashes or corrupts data when IXFR is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>request-expire</strong></span> clause determines
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User whether the local server, when acting as a slave, will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt request the EDNS EXPIRE value. The EDNS EXPIRE value
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt indicates the remaining time before the zone data will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt expire and need to be be refreshed. This is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when a secondary server transfers a zone from another
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secondary server; when transferring from the primary, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expiration timer is set from the EXPIRE field of the SOA
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record instead.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>edns</strong></span> clause determines whether
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User the local server will attempt to use EDNS when communicating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the remote server. The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS UDP size that is advertised by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when querying the remote server. Valid values are 512
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will be silently
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt adjusted to the nearest value within it). This option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is useful when you wish to advertise a different value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to this server than the value you advertise globally,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for example, when there is a firewall at the remote
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein site that is blocking large replies. (Note: Currently,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews this sets a single UDP size for all packets sent to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt server; <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will not deviate from
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt this value. This differs from the behavior of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span> in <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements, where it specifies
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User a maximum value. The <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statement
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt behavior may be brought into conformance with the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>options/view</strong></span> behavior in future releases.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>edns-version</strong></span> option sets the
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews maximum EDNS VERSION that will be sent to the server(s)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by the resolver. The actual EDNS version sent is still
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews subject to normal EDNS version negotiation rules (see
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User RFC 6891), the maximum EDNS version supported by the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt server, and any other heuristics that indicate that a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt lower version should be sent. This option is intended
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews to be used when a remote server reacts badly to a given
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews EDNS version or higher; it should be set to the highest
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt version the remote server is known to support. Valid
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews values are 0 to 255; higher values will be silently
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt adjusted. This option will not be needed until higher
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews EDNS versions than 0 are in use.
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>max-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User maximum EDNS UDP message size <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt will send. Valid values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User outside this range will be silently adjusted). This
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User option is useful when you know that there is a firewall
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User that is blocking large replies from <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>tcp-only</strong></span> option sets the transport
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt protocol to TCP. The default is to use the UDP transport
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and to fallback on TCP only when a truncated response
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The server supports two zone transfer methods. The first, <span class="command"><strong>one-answer</strong></span>,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User uses one DNS message per resource record transferred. <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> packs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as many resource records as possible into a message. <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt more efficient, but is only known to be understood by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt 8.x, and patched versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater 4.9.5. You can specify which method
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater to use for a server with the <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span> option.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater If <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span> is not
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater specified, the <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User by the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement will be
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<p><span class="command"><strong>transfers</strong></span>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater is used to limit the number of concurrent inbound zone
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User transfers from the specified server. If no
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfers</strong></span> clause is specified, the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater limit is set according to the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>transfers-per-ns</strong></span> option.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> clause identifies a
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>key_id</strong></span> defined by the <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> statement,
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater to be used for transaction security (TSIG, <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater when talking to the remote server.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User When a request is sent to the remote server, a request signature
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User will be generated using the key specified here and appended to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt message. A request originating from the remote server is not
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater to be signed by this key.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Only a single key per server is currently supported.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> and
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater the IPv4 and IPv6 source
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater address to be used for zone transfer with the remote server,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For an IPv4 remote server, only <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> can
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server, only
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> can be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For more details, see the description of
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for notify
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater messages sent to remote servers, respectively. For an
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater IPv4 remote server, only <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater can be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater only <span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for queries
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User sent to remote servers, respectively. For an IPv4
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User remote server, only <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> can
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User only <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>request-nsid</strong></span> clause determines
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User whether the local server will add a NSID EDNS option
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User to requests sent to the server. This overrides
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>request-nsid</strong></span> set at the view or
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User option level.
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>send-cookie</strong></span> clause determines
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User whether the local server will add a COOKIE EDNS option
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to requests sent to the server. This overrides
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>send-cookie</strong></span> set at the view or
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User option level. The <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server may
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User determine that COOKIE is not supported by the remote server
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User and not add a COOKIE EDNS option to requests.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="statschannels"></a><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> {
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ]
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User [ allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> } ]; ]
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User [ inet ...; ]
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="statistics_channels"></a><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User declares communication channels to be used by system
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User administrators to get access to statistics information of
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User the name server.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User This statement intends to be flexible to support multiple
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User communication protocols in the future, but currently only
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User HTTP access is supported.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User It requires that BIND 9 be compiled with libxml2 and/or
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User json-c (also known as libjson0); the
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User still accepted even if it is built without the library,
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User but any HTTP access will fail with an error.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User An <span class="command"><strong>inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User listening at the specified <span class="command"><strong>ip_port</strong></span> on the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User specified <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User address. An <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code>
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User (asterisk) is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt use an <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no port is specified, port 80 is used for HTTP channels.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce The asterisk "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>ip_port</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The attempt of opening a statistics channel is
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User restricted by the optional <span class="command"><strong>allow</strong></span> clause.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Connections to the statistics channel are permitted based on the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If no <span class="command"><strong>allow</strong></span> clause is present,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> accepts connection
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews attempts from any address; since the statistics may
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews contain sensitive internal information, it is highly
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews recommended to restrict the source of connection requests
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews appropriately.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews If no <span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is present,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will not open any communication channels.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The statistics are available in various formats and views
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews depending on the URI used to access them. For example, if
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the statistics channel is configured to listen on 127.0.0.1
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews port 8888, then the statistics are accessible in XML format at
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/</a> or
dcb551033f0b33eb5c113169750a61084d8250a1Mark Andrews <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml</a>. A CSS file is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User included which can format the XML statistics into tables
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt when viewed with a stylesheet-capable browser, and into
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews charts and graphs using the Google Charts API when using a
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews javascript-capable browser.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Applications that depend on a particular XML schema
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v2" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v2</a> for version 2
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User of the statistics XML schema or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3</a> for version 3.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If the requested schema is supported by the server, then
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater it will respond; if not, it will return a "page not found"
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Broken-out subsets of the statistics can be viewed at
f5c27ecceb6dcba6ad8b75172fe5f9823d7a6d42Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/status" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/status</a>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (server uptime and last reconfiguration time),
f5c27ecceb6dcba6ad8b75172fe5f9823d7a6d42Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/server" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/server</a>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User (server and resolver statistics),
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/zones" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/zones</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (zone statistics),
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/net" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/net</a>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (network status and socket statistics),
ba713ac34af236ef867cc27288e599659379cd66Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/mem" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/mem</a>
ba713ac34af236ef867cc27288e599659379cd66Tinderbox User (memory manager statistics),
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/tasks" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/tasks</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (task manager statistics), and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/traffic" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/traffic</a>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User (traffic sizes).
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The full set of statistics can also be read in JSON format at
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json</a>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with the broken-out subsets at
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/status" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/status</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (server uptime and last reconfiguration time),
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/server" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/server</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (server and resolver statistics),
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/zones" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/zones</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (zone statistics),
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/net" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/net</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (network status and socket statistics),
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/mem" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/mem</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (memory manager statistics),
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/tasks" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/tasks</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (task manager statistics), and
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/traffic" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/traffic</a>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (traffic sizes).
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="trusted-keys"></a><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> {
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="trusted_keys"></a><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> statement defines
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater DNSSEC security roots. DNSSEC is described in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#DNSSEC" title="DNSSEC">the section called “DNSSEC”</a>. A security root is defined when the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater public key for a non-authoritative zone is known, but
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt cannot be securely obtained through DNS, either because
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater it is the DNS root zone or because its parent zone is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater unsigned. Once a key has been configured as a trusted
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater key, it is treated as if it had been validated and
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater proven secure. The resolver attempts DNSSEC validation
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User on all DNS data in subdomains of a security root.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater All keys (and corresponding zones) listed in
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> are deemed to exist regardless
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of what parent zones say. Similarly for all keys listed in
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> only those keys are
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User used to validate the DNSKEY RRset. The parent's DS RRset
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt will not be used.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> statement can contain
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater multiple key entries, each consisting of the key's
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User domain name, flags, protocol, algorithm, and the Base-64
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt representation of the key data.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Spaces, tabs, newlines and carriage returns are ignored
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater in the key data, so the configuration may be split up into
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt multiple lines.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> may be set at the top level
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User of <code class="filename">named.conf</code> or within a view. If it is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt set in both places, they are additive: keys defined at the top
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt level are inherited by all views, but keys defined in a view
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater are only used within that view.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Validation below specified names can be temporarily disabled
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater by using <span class="command"><strong>rndc nta</strong></span>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="managed_keys"></a><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> {
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>flags</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key-data</code></em> ;
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>flags</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key-data</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<a name="managed-keys"></a><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement, like
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span>, defines DNSSEC
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater security roots. The difference is that
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> can be kept up to date
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater automatically, without intervention from the resolver
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Suppose, for example, that a zone's key-signing
f7b2875691497b292eacb60609be23a813d14e63Automatic Updater key was compromised, and the zone owner had to revoke and
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater replace the key. A resolver which had the old key in a
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> statement would be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt unable to validate this zone any longer; it would
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater reply with a SERVFAIL response code. This would
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User continue until the resolver operator had updated the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> statement with the new key.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If, however, the zone were listed in a
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement instead, then the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt zone owner could add a "stand-by" key to the zone in advance.
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> would store the stand-by key, and
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User when the original key was revoked, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt would be able to transition smoothly to the new key. It would
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt also recognize that the old key had been revoked, and cease
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater using that key to validate answers, minimizing the damage that
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the compromised key could do.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt A <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement contains a list of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the keys to be managed, along with information about how the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys are to be initialized for the first time. The only
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews initialization method currently supported (as of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.7.0) is <code class="literal">initial-key</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This means the <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contain a copy of the initializing key. (Future releases may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allow keys to be initialized by other methods, eliminating this
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce requirement.)
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Consequently, a <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appears similar to a <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span>, differing
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User in the presence of the second field, containing the keyword
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <code class="literal">initial-key</code>. The difference is, whereas the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt keys listed in a <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> continue to be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews trusted until they are removed from
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, an initializing key listed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement is only trusted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>once</em></span>: for as long as it takes to load the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein managed key database and start the RFC 5011 key maintenance
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The first time <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> runs with a managed key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configured in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, it fetches the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSKEY RRset directly from the zone apex, and validates it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the key specified in the <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. If the DNSKEY RRset is validly signed, then it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used as the basis for a new managed keys database.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein From that point on, whenever <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> runs, it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sees the <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement, checks to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt make sure RFC 5011 key maintenance has already been initialized
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the specified domain, and if so, it simply moves on. The
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt key specified in the <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to validate answers; it has been superseded by the key or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys stored in the managed keys database.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The next time <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> runs after a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has been <span class="emphasis"><em>removed</em></span> from the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement, the corresponding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone will be removed from the managed keys database,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and RFC 5011 key maintenance will no longer be used for that
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> only maintains a single managed keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein database; consequently, unlike <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span>,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> may only be set at the top
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt level of <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, not within a view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the current implementation, the managed keys database is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stored as a master-format zone file called
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind</code>. When the key database
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is changed, the zone is updated. As with any other dynamic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone, changes will be written into a journal file,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind.jnl</code>. They are committed
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to the master file as soon as possible afterward; in the case
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of the managed key database, this will usually occur within 30
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein seconds. So, whenever <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein automatic key maintenance, those two files can be expected to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exist in the working directory. (For this reason among others,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the working directory should be always be writable by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span> option is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will automatically initialize a managed key for the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User root zone. Similarly, if the <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option is set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will automatically initialize
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a managed key for the zone <code class="literal">dlv.isc.org</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In both cases, the key that is used to initialize the key
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User maintenance process is built into <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and can be overridden from <span class="command"><strong>bindkeys-file</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="view_statement_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt match-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-destinations { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt match-recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_option</code></em>; ...</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_statement</code></em>; ...</span>]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="view_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson The <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement is a powerful
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 that lets a name server
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater answer a DNS query differently
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater depending on who is asking. It is particularly useful for
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce implementing
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson split DNS setups without having to run multiple servers.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Each <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement defines a view
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce DNS namespace that will be seen by a subset of clients. A client
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce a view if its source IP address matches the
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the view's
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span class="command"><strong>match-clients</strong></span> clause and its
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater destination IP address matches
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson <span class="command"><strong>match-destinations</strong></span> clause. If not
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson specified, both
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span class="command"><strong>match-clients</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>match-destinations</strong></span>
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson default to matching all addresses. In addition to checking IP
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>match-clients</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>match-destinations</strong></span>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce can also take <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> which provide an
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce mechanism for the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce client to select the view. A view can also be specified
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce as <span class="command"><strong>match-recursive-only</strong></span>, which
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce means that only recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests from matching clients will match that view.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The order of the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User significant —
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a client request will be resolved in the context of the first
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> that it matches.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Zones defined within a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement will
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews only be accessible to clients that match the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews By defining a zone of the same name in multiple views, different
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zone data can be given to different clients, for example,
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User and "external" clients in a split DNS setup.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Many of the options given in the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User can also be used within a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, and then
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews apply only when resolving queries with that view. When no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein view-specific
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User value is given, the value in the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews is used as a default. Also, zone options can have default values
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews in the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement; these
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User view-specific defaults
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews take precedence over those in the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Views are class specific. If no class is given, class IN
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews is assumed. Note that all non-IN views must contain a hint zone,
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater since only the IN class has compiled-in default hints.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews If there are no <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements in
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews file, a default view that matches any client is automatically
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews in class IN. Any <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statements
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews specified on
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews the top level of the configuration file are considered to be part
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User this default view, and the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User statement will
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User apply to the default view. If any explicit <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater statements are present, all <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater statements must
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater occur inside <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Here is an example of a typical split DNS setup implemented
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews using <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements:
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews // This should match our internal networks.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater match-clients { 10.0.0.0/8; };
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews // Provide recursive service to internal
f39512a917cdd06c611d366603374f6ef570c80eTinderbox User // clients only.
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User recursion yes;
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews // Provide a complete view of the example.com
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews // zone including addresses of internal hosts.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews type master;
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updaterview "external" {
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User // Match all clients not matched by the
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater // previous view.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater match-clients { any; };
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews // Refuse recursive service to external clients.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User recursion no;
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User // Provide a restricted view of the example.com
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater // zone containing only publicly accessible hosts.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater<a name="zone_statement_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dnssec-loadkeys-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-policy <em class="replaceable"><code>local</code></em> | { <em class="replaceable"><code>update_policy_rule</code></em> [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-mx (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-spf ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> auto-dnssec <code class="constant">allow</code>|<code class="constant">maintain</code>|<code class="constant">off</code>; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> inline-signing <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> serial-update-method <code class="constant">increment</code>|<code class="constant">unixtime</code>|<code class="constant">date</code>; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-zone-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox Userzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-update-mode ( <em class="replaceable"><code>maintain</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>no-resign</code></em> ); </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnssec-loadkeys-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dnssec-secure-to-insecure <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> also-notify [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ixfr-from-differences <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
9090a36b61a90746738f66bce09ceaf8d8491d7eAndreas Gustafsson [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> auto-dnssec <code class="constant">allow</code>|<code class="constant">maintain</code>|<code class="constant">off</code>; </span>]
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> inline-signing <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox Userzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>] // Not Implemented.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type static-stub;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> server-addresses { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> server-names { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>full</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>terse</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>none</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type forward;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>"."</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type redirect;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>|<code class="constant">map</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-zone-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type delegation-only;
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updaterzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> in-view <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_types"></a>Zone Types</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>type</strong></span> keyword is required
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> configuration unless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is an <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> configuration. Its
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein acceptable values include: <code class="varname">delegation-only</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">forward</code>, <code class="varname">hint</code>,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <code class="varname">master</code>, <code class="varname">redirect</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">slave</code>, <code class="varname">static-stub</code>,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The server has a master copy of the data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the zone and will be able to provide authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A slave zone is a replica of a master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone. The <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies one or more IP addresses
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews of master servers that the slave contacts to update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein its copy of the zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Masters list elements can also be names of other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein masters lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By default, transfers are made from port 53 on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers; this can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be changed for all servers by specifying a port number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of IP addresses, or on a per-server basis after
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the IP address.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Authentication to the master can also be done with
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater per-server TSIG keys.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater If a file is specified, then the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater replica will be written to this file whenever the zone
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater and reloaded from this file on a server restart. Use
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater recommended, since it often speeds server startup and
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater a needless waste of bandwidth. Note that for large
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater numbers (in the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater tens or hundreds of thousands) of zones per server, it
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater use a two-level naming scheme for zone filenames. For
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater a slave server for the zone <code class="literal">example.com</code> might place
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater the zone contents into a file called
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">ex/example.com</code> where <code class="filename">ex/</code> is
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater just the first two letters of the zone name. (Most
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt operating systems
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt behave very slowly if you put 100000 files into
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater a single directory.)
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater A stub zone is similar to a slave zone,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater except that it replicates only the NS records of a
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater master zone instead
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater of the entire zone. Stub zones are not a standard part
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater they are a feature specific to the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> implementation.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Stub zones can be used to eliminate the need for glue
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User in a parent zone at the expense of maintaining a stub
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater zone entry and
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater a set of name server addresses in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater This usage is not recommended for new configurations,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports it only in a limited way.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4/8, zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers of a parent zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein included the NS records from stub children of that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone. This meant
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that, in some cases, users could get away with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuring child stubs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only in the master server for the parent zone. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt 9 never mixes together zone data from different zones
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt way. Therefore, if a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 master serving a parent
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt zone has child stub zones configured, all the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parent zone also need to have the same child stub
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stub zones can also be used as a way of forcing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of a given domain to use a particular set of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative servers.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For example, the caching name servers on a private
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews network using
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews RFC1918 addressing may be configured with stub zones
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to use a set of internal name servers as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers for that domain.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A static-stub zone is similar to a stub zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the following exceptions:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone data is statically configured, rather
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than transferred from a master server;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when recursion is necessary for a query that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matches a static-stub zone, the locally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configured data (nameserver names and glue addresses)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is always used even if different authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information is cached.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone data is configured via the
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>server-addresses</strong></span> and
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>server-names</strong></span> zone options.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater The zone data is maintained in the form of NS
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater and (if necessary) glue A or AAAA RRs
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater internally, which can be seen by dumping zone
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User databases by <span class="command"><strong>rndc dumpdb -all</strong></span>.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User The configured RRs are considered local configuration
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User parameters rather than public data.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User Non recursive queries (i.e., those with the RD
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt bit off) to a static-stub zone are therefore
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User prohibited and will be responded with REFUSED.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater Since the data is statically configured, no
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater zone maintenance action takes place for a static-stub
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater For example, there is no periodic refresh
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User attempt, and an incoming notify message
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User will be rejected with an rcode of NOTAUTH.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User Each static-stub zone is configured with
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User internally generated NS and (if necessary)
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User glue A or AAAA RRs
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User A "forward zone" is a way to configure
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User forwarding on a per-domain basis. A <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User of type <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> can
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User contain a <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span>
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User and/or <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span>
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User which will apply to queries within the domain given by
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User name. If no <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span>
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User statement is present or
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User an empty list for <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span> is given, then no
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt forwarding will be done for the domain, canceling the
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User any forwarders in the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement. Thus
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt if you want to use this type of zone to change the
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User behavior of the
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User global <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> option
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User (that is, "forward first"
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater to, then "forward only", or vice versa, but want to
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater servers as set globally) you need to re-specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global forwarders.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater The initial set of root name servers is
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater specified using a "hint zone". When the server starts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the root hints to find a root name server and get the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of root name servers. If no hint zone is
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater specified for class
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater IN, the server uses a compiled-in default set of root
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater servers hints.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Classes other than IN have no built-in defaults hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Redirect zones are used to provide answers to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries when normal resolution would result in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NXDOMAIN being returned.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Only one redirect zone is supported
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per view. <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to restrict which clients see these answers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the client has requested DNSSEC records (DO=1) and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the NXDOMAIN response is signed then no substitution
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews To redirect all NXDOMAIN responses to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 100.100.100.2 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 2001:ffff:ffff::100.100.100.2, one would
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User configure a type redirect zone named ".",
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User with the zone file containing wildcard records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that point to the desired addresses:
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User <code class="literal">"*. IN A 100.100.100.2"</code>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <code class="literal">"*. IN AAAA 2001:ffff:ffff::100.100.100.2"</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt To redirect all Spanish names (under .ES) one
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User would use similar entries but with the names
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt "*.ES." instead of "*.". To redirect all
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User commercial Spanish names (under COM.ES) one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein would use wildcard entries called "*.COM.ES.".
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Note that the redirect zone supports all
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User possible types; it is not limited to A and
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews AAAA records.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Because redirect zones are not referenced
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User directly by name, they are not kept in the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt zone lookup table with normal master and slave
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt zones. Consequently, it is not currently possible
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to reload a redirect zone. However, when using
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc reload</strong></span> without specifying
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User a zone name, redirect zones will be reloaded along
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with other zones.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This is used to enforce the delegation-only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein status of infrastructure zones (e.g. COM,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NET, ORG). Any answer that is received
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein without an explicit or implicit delegation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the authority section will be treated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as NXDOMAIN. This does not apply to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone apex. This should not be applied to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">delegation-only</code> has no
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt effect on answers received from forwarders.
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater See caveats in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span class="command"><strong>root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The zone's name may optionally be followed by a class. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a class is not specified, class <code class="literal">IN</code> (for <code class="varname">Internet</code>),
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is assumed. This is correct for the vast majority of cases.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The <code class="literal">hesiod</code> class is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt named for an information service from MIT's Project Athena. It
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews used to share information about various systems databases, such
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt as users, groups, printers and so on. The keyword
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt a synonym for hesiod.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Another MIT development is Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User in the mid-1970s. Zone data for it can be specified with the <code class="literal">CHAOS</code> class.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="zone_options"></a>Zone Options</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span></span></dt>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater Specifies a "Simple Secure Update" policy. See
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User See the description of <span class="command"><strong>allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Only meaningful if <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt active for this zone. The set of machines that will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for this zone is made up of all the listed name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the primary master) for the zone plus any IP addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span>. A port
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with each <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to send the notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages to a port other than the default of 53.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A TSIG key may also be specified to cause the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">NOTIFY</code> to be signed by the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein meaningful for stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the empty list.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User This option is used to restrict the character set and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein received from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network. The default varies according to zone type. For <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> zones the default is <span class="command"><strong>fail</strong></span>. For <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones the default is <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User It is not implemented for <span class="command"><strong>hint</strong></span> zones.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>check-mx</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-spf</strong></span></span></dt>
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User See the description of
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>check-spf</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-wildcard</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>check-sibling</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User See the description of
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-update-mode</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-update-mode</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Usage”</a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User See the description of
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>try-tcp-refresh</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>database</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Specify the type of database to be used for storing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone data. The string following the <span class="command"><strong>database</strong></span> keyword
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is interpreted as a list of whitespace-delimited words.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The first word
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt identifies the database type, and any subsequent words are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as arguments to the database to be interpreted in a way
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to the database type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>"rbt"</code></strong>, BIND 9's
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt native in-memory
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User red-black-tree database. This database does not take
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Other values are possible if additional database drivers
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User have been linked into the server. Some sample drivers are
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User with the distribution but none are linked in by default.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User See the description of
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews The flag only applies to forward, hint and stub
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt zones. If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt then the zone will also be treated as if it is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User also a delegation-only type zone.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews See caveats in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span class="command"><strong>root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only meaningful if the zone has a forwarders
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User list. The <span class="command"><strong>only</strong></span> value causes
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the lookup to fail
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User after trying the forwarders and getting no answer, while <span class="command"><strong>first</strong></span> would
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User allow a normal lookup to be tried.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Used to override the list of global forwarders.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If it is not specified in a zone of type <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span>,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater no forwarding is done for the zone and the global options are
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater specify the name
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater of the transaction log (journal) file for dynamic update
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User and constructs the name of the journal
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater file by appending "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>"
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater to the name of the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-tmp-file</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Was an undocumented option in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Ignored in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>journal</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Allow the default journal's filename to be overridden.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The default is the zone's filename with "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>" appended.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater This is applicable to <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span> zones.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_resource_limits" title="Server Resource Limits">the section called “Server Resource Limits”</a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User See the description of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>notify-delay</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater See the description of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>notify-to-soa</strong></span> in
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>pubkey</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option was
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User intended for specifying
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt a public zone key for verification of signatures in DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones when they are loaded from disk. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 does not verify signatures
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt on load and ignores the option.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span> in
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Usage”</a>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>server-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Only meaningful for static-stub zones.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User This is a list of IP addresses to which queries
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater should be sent in recursive resolution for the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User A non empty list for this option will internally
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt configure the apex NS RR with associated glue A or
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User For example, if "example.com" is configured as a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt static-stub zone with 192.0.2.1 and 2001:db8::1234
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User in a <span class="command"><strong>server-addresses</strong></span> option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the following RRs will be internally configured.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">example.com. NS example.com.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt These records are internally used to resolve
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User names under the static-stub zone.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For instance, if the server receives a query for
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User "www.example.com" with the RD bit on, the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will initiate recursive resolution and send
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>server-names</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Only meaningful for static-stub zones.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This is a list of domain names of nameservers that
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User act as authoritative servers of the static-stub
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt These names will be resolved to IP addresses when
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> needs to send queries to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt these servers.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User To make this supplemental resolution successful,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein these names must not be a subdomain of the origin
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt name of static-stub zone.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User That is, when "example.net" is the origin of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein static-stub zone, "ns.example" and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt "master.example.com" can be specified in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>server-names</strong></span> option, but
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User "ns.example.net" cannot, and will be rejected by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the configuration parser.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User A non empty list for this option will internally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configure the apex NS RR with the specified names.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For example, if "example.com" is configured as a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt static-stub zone with "ns1.example.net" and
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater in a <span class="command"><strong>server-names</strong></span> option,
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater the following RRs will be internally configured.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<pre class="programlisting">example.com. NS ns1.example.net.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews These records are internally used to resolve
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User names under the static-stub zone.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For instance, if the server receives a query for
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User "www.example.com" with the RD bit on, the server
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User initiate recursive resolution,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt "ns2.example.net" to IP addresses, and then send
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User queries to (one or more of) these addresses.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User See the description of
bafdc1ebe80e1bc359bfbb48aa88790c7bbdc749Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-nodes</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
2cc7515f8a0c2f5f86ec85a853c7cb855b3d9536Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater See the description of
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-signatures</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-type</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User See the description of
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User See the description of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews See the description of
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater See the description in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews (Note that the <span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <strong class="userinput"><code>master</code></strong> and
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>slave</code></strong> choices are not
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt available at the zone level.)
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>key-directory</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Usage”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec</strong></span> in
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Usage”</a>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method</strong></span> in
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Usage”</a>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>inline-signing</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater If <code class="literal">yes</code>, this enables
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater "bump in the wire" signing of a zone, where a
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater unsigned zone is transferred in or loaded from
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User disk and a signed version of the zone is served,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater with possibly, a different serial number. This
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User behavior is disabled by default.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User See the description of <span class="command"><strong>multi-master</strong></span> in
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-zone-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater See the description of <span class="command"><strong>max-zone-ttl</strong></span>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews See the description of
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<a name="dynamic_update_policies"></a>Dynamic Update Policies</h4></div></div></div>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<p><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 supports two alternative
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews methods of granting clients the right to perform
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews dynamic updates to a zone, configured by the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span> and
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> option, respectively.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span> clause works the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews same way as in previous versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews It grants given clients the permission to update any
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews record of any name in the zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> clause
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User allows more fine-grained control over what updates are
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater allowed. A set of rules is specified, where each rule
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater either grants or denies permissions for one or more
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater names to be updated by one or more identities. If
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater the dynamic update request message is signed (that is,
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater it includes either a TSIG or SIG(0) record), the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater identity of the signer can be determined.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Rules are specified in the <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone option, and are only meaningful for master zones.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews When the <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews is present, it is a configuration error for the
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span> statement to be
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews present. The <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews only examines the signer of a message; the source
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater address is not relevant.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User There is a pre-defined <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rule which can be switched on with the command
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>update-policy local;</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Switching on this rule in a zone causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to generate a TSIG session
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key and place it in a file, and to allow that key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to update the zone. (By default, the file is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>, the key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name is "local-ddns" and the key algorithm is HMAC-SHA256,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but these values are configurable with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>session-keyfile</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>session-keyname</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>session-keyalg</strong></span> options, respectively).
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews A client running on the local system, and with appropriate
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews permissions, may read that file and use the key to sign update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests. The zone's update policy will be set to allow that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key to change any record within the zone. Assuming the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name is "local-ddns", this policy is equivalent to:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">update-policy { grant local-ddns zonesub any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The command <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate -l</strong></span> sends update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests to localhost, and signs them using the session key.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Other rule definitions look like this:
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews( <span class="command"><strong>grant</strong></span> | <span class="command"><strong>deny</strong></span> ) <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>] [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>types</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each rule grants or denies privileges. Once a message has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein successfully matched a rule, the operation is immediately
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein granted or denied and no further rules are examined. A rule
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater is matched when the signer matches the identity field, the
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater name matches the name field in accordance with the nametype
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater field, and the type matches the types specified in the type
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater No signer is required for <em class="replaceable"><code>tcp-self</code></em>
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater or <em class="replaceable"><code>6to4-self</code></em> however the standard
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater reverse mapping / prefix conversion must match the identity
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater The identity field specifies a name or a wildcard
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt name. Normally, this is the name of the TSIG or
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater SIG(0) key used to sign the update request. When a
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater TKEY exchange has been used to create a shared secret,
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater the identity of the shared secret is the same as the
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater identity of the key used to authenticate the TKEY
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater exchange. TKEY is also the negotiation method used
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater by GSS-TSIG, which establishes an identity that is
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater the Kerberos principal of the client, such as
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>"user@host.domain"</code></strong>. When the
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a wildcard name, it is subject to DNS wildcard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expansion, so the rule will apply to multiple identities.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contain a fully-qualified domain name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For nametypes <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">ms-self</code>, <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>,
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews and <code class="varname">ms-subdomain</code> the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User the Windows or Kerberos realm of the machine belongs to.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> field has 13
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">name</code>, <code class="varname">subdomain</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">wildcard</code>, <code class="varname">self</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">selfsub</code>, <code class="varname">selfwild</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>, <code class="varname">ms-self</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">tcp-self</code>, <code class="varname">6to4-self</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">zonesub</code>, and <code class="varname">external</code>.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Exact-match semantics. This rule matches
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews when the name being updated is identical
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews to the contents of the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews This rule matches when the name being updated
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews is a subdomain of, or identical to, the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews contents of the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater This rule is similar to subdomain, except that
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater it matches when the name being updated is a
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater subdomain of the zone in which the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater appears. This obviates the need to type the zone
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater name twice, and enables the use of a standard
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement in
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater multiple zones without modification.
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User When this rule is used, the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field is omitted.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater is subject to DNS wildcard expansion, and
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater this rule matches when the name being updated
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater is a valid expansion of the wildcard.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater This rule matches when the name being updated
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater matches the contents of the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User is ignored, but should be the same as the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User The <code class="varname">self</code> nametype is
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater most useful when allowing using one key per
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater name to update, where the key has the same
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater name as the name to be updated. The
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> would
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater be specified as <code class="constant">*</code> (an asterisk) in
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater except that subdomains of <code class="varname">self</code>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater can also be updated.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews except that only subdomains of
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <code class="varname">self</code> can be updated.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews This rule takes a Windows machine principal
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews (machine$@REALM) for machine in REALM and
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews and converts it machine.realm allowing the machine
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews to update machine.realm. The REALM to be matched
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews is specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater This rule takes a Windows machine principal
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater (machine$@REALM) for machine in REALM and
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater converts it to machine.realm allowing the machine
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater to update subdomains of machine.realm. The REALM
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater to be matched is specified in the
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater This rule takes a Kerberos machine principal
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater (host/machine@REALM) for machine in REALM and
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater and converts it machine.realm allowing the machine
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater to update machine.realm. The REALM to be matched
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater is specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater This rule takes a Kerberos machine principal
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater (host/machine@REALM) for machine in REALM and
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater converts it to machine.realm allowing the machine
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater to update subdomains of machine.realm. The REALM
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater to be matched is specified in the
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Allow updates that have been sent via TCP and
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater for which the standard mapping from the initiating
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater IP address into the IN-ADDR.ARPA and IP6.ARPA
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater namespaces match the name to be updated.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User Allow the 6to4 prefix to be update by any TCP
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User connection from the 6to4 network or from the
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User corresponding IPv4 address. This is intended
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to allow NS or DNAME RRsets to be added to the
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User reverse tree.
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User This rule allows <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to defer the decision of whether to allow a
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User given update to an external daemon.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The method of communicating with the daemon is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt field, the format of which is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt "<code class="constant">local:</code><em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em>",
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User where <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> is the location
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User of a UNIX-domain socket. (Currently, "local" is the
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User only supported mechanism.)
b4556ecdbc3cad55e1c85ce32b73b7bcd39e43dcTinderbox User Requests to the external daemon are sent over the
b4556ecdbc3cad55e1c85ce32b73b7bcd39e43dcTinderbox User UNIX-domain socket as datagrams with the following
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Protocol version number (4 bytes, network byte order, currently 1)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Request length (4 bytes, network byte order)
70b01b2d03d66b28d97f5cf4fd49ecd74418b065Tinderbox User Signer (null-terminated string)
70b01b2d03d66b28d97f5cf4fd49ecd74418b065Tinderbox User Name (null-terminated string)
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User TCP source address (null-terminated string)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Rdata type (null-terminated string)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Key (null-terminated string)
0d00a726fe3c0423fab1d6876e89b69a4afe44e2Tinderbox User TKEY token length (4 bytes, network byte order)
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User TKEY token (remainder of packet)</pre>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The daemon replies with a four-byte value in
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User network byte order, containing either 0 or 1; 0
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicates that the specified update is not
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User permitted, and 1 indicates that it is.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In all cases, the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field must specify a fully-qualified domain name.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If no types are explicitly specified, this rule matches
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all types except RRSIG, NS, SOA, NSEC and NSEC3. Types
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User may be specified by name, including "ANY" (ANY matches
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User all types except NSEC and NSEC3, which can never be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein updated). Note that when an attempt is made to delete
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all records associated with a name, the rules are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked for each existing record type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="multiple_views"></a>Multiple views</h4></div></div></div>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User When multiple views are in use, a zone may be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referenced by more than one of them. Often, the views
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will contain different zones with the same name, allowing
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User different clients to receive different answers for the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries. At times, however, it is desirable for multiple
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt views to contain identical zones. The
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> zone option provides an efficient
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein way to do this: it allows a view to reference a zone that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was defined in a previously configured view. Example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinview internal {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { 10/8; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinview external {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in-view internal;
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews An <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> option cannot refer to a view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that is configured later in the configuration file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement which uses the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> option may not use any other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options with the exception of <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span>. (These options control
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the behavior of the containing view, rather than changing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone object itself.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone level acls (e.g. allow-query, allow-transfer) and
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews other configuration details of the zone are all set
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews in the view the referenced zone is defined in. Care
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein need to be taken to ensure that acls are wide enough
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all views referencing the zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> zone cannot be used as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response policy zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> zone is not intended to reference
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> zone.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_file"></a>Zone File</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them"></a>Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This section, largely borrowed from RFC 1034, describes the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein concept of a Resource Record (RR) and explains when each is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the publication of RFC 1034, several new RRs have been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and implemented in the DNS. These are also included.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id-1.7.6.2.3"></a>Resource Records</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A domain name identifies a node. Each node has a set of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource information, which may be empty. The set of resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information associated with a particular name is composed of
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User separate RRs. The order of RRs in a set is not significant and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User need not be preserved by name servers, resolvers, or other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parts of the DNS. However, sorting of multiple RRs is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permitted for optimization purposes, for example, to specify
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User that a particular nearby server be tried first. See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a> and <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The components of a Resource Record are:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The domain name where the RR is found.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An encoded 16-bit value that specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the type of the resource record.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The time-to-live of the RR. This field
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a 32-bit integer in units of seconds, and is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein primarily used by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolvers when they cache RRs. The TTL describes how
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein long a RR can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be cached before it should be discarded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An encoded 16-bit value that identifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a protocol family or instance of a protocol.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User The resource data. The format of the
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User data is type (and sometimes class) specific.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User The following are <span class="emphasis"><em>types</em></span> of valid RRs:
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User A host address. In the IN class, this is a
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User 32-bit IP address. Described in RFC 1035.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User IPv6 address. Described in RFC 1886.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User IPv6 address. This can be a partial
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User address (a suffix) and an indirection to the name
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User where the rest of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (the prefix) can be found. Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2874.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Location of AFS database servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
09d72af3e9961c210d7baa6179165b6cd81e8dd0Tinderbox User Address prefix list. Experimental.
09d72af3e9961c210d7baa6179165b6cd81e8dd0Tinderbox User Described in RFC 3123.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Application Visibility and Control record.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Identifies which Certificate Authorities can issue
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User certificates for this domain and what rules they
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User need to follow when doing so. Defined in RFC 6844.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies which DNSKEY records should be published
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as DS records in the parent zone.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Contains the set of DS records that should be published
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews by the parent zone.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Holds a digital certificate.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Described in RFC 2538.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Identifies the canonical name of an alias.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Described in RFC 1035.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Child-to-Parent Synchronization in DNS as described
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Is used for identifying which DHCP client is
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User associated with this name. Described in RFC 4701.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User A DNS Look-aside Validation record which contains
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User the records that are used as trust anchors for
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User zones in a DLV namespace. Described in RFC 4431.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Replaces the domain name specified with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein another name to be looked up, effectively aliasing an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein subtree of the domain name space rather than a single
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as in the case of the CNAME RR.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2672.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Stores a public key associated with a signed
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Stores the hash of a public key associated with a
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater signed DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein End Point Identifier.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A 48-bit EUI address. Described in RFC 7043.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A 64-bit EUI address. Described in RFC 7043.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Specifies the global position. Superseded by LOC.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Identifies the CPU and OS used by a host.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Host Identity Protocol Address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 5205.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Provides a method for storing IPsec keying material in
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User DNS. Described in RFC 4025.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Representation of ISDN addresses.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Stores a public key associated with a
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User DNS name. Used in original DNSSEC; replaced
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User by DNSKEY in DNSSECbis, but still used with
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User SIG(0). Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Identifies a key exchanger for this
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User DNS name. Described in RFC 2230.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Holds 32-bit Locator values for
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Identifier-Locator Network Protocol. Described
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Holds 64-bit Locator values for
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Identifier-Locator Network Protocol. Described
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For storing GPS info. Described in RFC 1876.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifier-Locator Network Protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 6742.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Mail Box. Historical.
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User Mail Destination. Historical.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Mail Forwarder. Historical.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Mail Group. Historical.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Mail Information.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Mail Rename. Historical.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Identifies a mail exchange for the domain with
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews a 16-bit preference value (lower is better)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews followed by the host name of the mail exchange.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Described in RFC 974, RFC 1035.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Name authority pointer. Described in RFC 2915.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Holds values for Node Identifiers in
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Identifier-Locator Network Protocol. Described
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Contains zone status information.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Nimrod Locator.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A network service access point.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1706.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User The authoritative name server for the
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User domain. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not exist in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein existing name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 4034.
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User RRs with an owner name in a certain name
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User interval do not exist in a zone and indicate
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User what RR types are present for an existing
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User name. NSEC3 differs from NSEC in that it
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User prevents zone enumeration but is more
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User computationally expensive on both the server
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User and the client than NSEC. Described in RFC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used in DNSSECbis to tell the authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server which NSEC3 chains are available to use.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 5155.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This is an opaque container.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used in DNSSEC to securely indicate that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not exist in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein existing name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used in original DNSSEC; replaced by NSEC in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2535.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used to hold an OPENPGPKEY.
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User A pointer to another part of the domain
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User name space. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Provides mappings between RFC 822 and X.400
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses. Described in RFC 2163.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information on persons responsible
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the domain. Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Contains DNSSECbis signature data. Described
199045f81d2c312411fc0d6a6f8dc56968daa679Tinderbox User Route-through binding for hosts that
199045f81d2c312411fc0d6a6f8dc56968daa679Tinderbox User do not have their own direct wide area network
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Contains DNSSEC signature data. Used in
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User original DNSSEC; replaced by RRSIG in
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User DNSSECbis, but still used for SIG(0).
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The kitchen sink record.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Identifies the start of a zone of authority.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Described in RFC 1035.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Contains the Sender Policy Framework information
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User for a given email domain. Described in RFC 4408.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Information about well known network
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User services (replaces WKS). Described in RFC 2782.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Provides a way to securely publish a secure shell key's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fingerprint. Described in RFC 4255.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Trust Anchor. Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Trust Anchor Link. Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Transport Layer Security Certificate Association.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 6698.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Text records. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Reserved. Historical.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Holds a URI. Described in RFC 7553.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information about which well known
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network services, such as SMTP, that a domain
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User supports. Historical.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Representation of X.25 network addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following <span class="emphasis"><em>classes</em></span> of resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are currently valid in the DNS:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Internet.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created at MIT in the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Rarely used for its historical purpose, but reused for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built-in server information zones, e.g.,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Hesiod, an information service
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein developed by MIT's Project Athena. It is used to share
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein about various systems databases, such as users,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein groups, printers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The owner name is often implicit, rather than forming an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein part of the RR. For example, many name servers internally form
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or hash structures for the name space, and chain RRs off nodes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The remaining RR parts are the fixed header (type, class, TTL)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which is consistent for all RRs, and a variable part (RDATA)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fits the needs of the resource being described.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The meaning of the TTL field is a time limit on how long an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RR can be kept in a cache. This limit does not apply to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data in zones; it is also timed out, but by the refreshing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the zone. The TTL is assigned by the administrator for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone where the data originates. While short TTLs can be used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minimize caching, and a zero TTL prohibits caching, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of Internet performance suggest that these times should be on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order of days for the typical host. If a change can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein anticipated,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the TTL can be reduced prior to the change to minimize
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inconsistency
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein during the change, and then increased back to its former value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The data in the RDATA section of RRs is carried as a combination
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of binary strings and domain names. The domain names are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used as "pointers" to other data in the DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="rr_text"></a>Textual expression of RRs</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs are represented in binary form in the packets of the DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein protocol, and are usually represented in highly encoded form
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stored in a name server or resolver. In the examples provided
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 1034, a style similar to that used in master files was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in order to show the contents of RRs. In this format, most RRs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are shown on a single line, although continuation lines are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using parentheses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The start of the line gives the owner of the RR. If a line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begins with a blank, then the owner is assumed to be the same as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that of the previous RR. Blank lines are often included for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein readability.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following the owner, we list the TTL, type, and class of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RR. Class and type use the mnemonics defined above, and TTL is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an integer before the type field. In order to avoid ambiguity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parsing, type and class mnemonics are disjoint, TTLs are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the type mnemonic is always last. The IN class and TTL
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are often omitted from examples in the interests of clarity.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The resource data or RDATA section of the RR are given using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein knowledge of the typical representation for the data.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews For example, we might show the RRs carried in a message as:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">10 VENERA.ISI.EDU.</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The MX RRs have an RDATA section which consists of a 16-bit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number followed by a domain name. The address RRs use a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP address format to contain a 32-bit internet address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The above example shows six RRs, with two RRs at each of three
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain names.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Similarly we might see:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This example shows two addresses for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">XX.LCS.MIT.EDU</code>, each of a different class.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="mx_records"></a>Discussion of MX Records</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As described above, domain servers store information as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein series of resource records, each of which contains a particular
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein piece of information about a given domain name (which is usually,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but not always, a host). The simplest way to think of a RR is as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a typed pair of data, a domain name matched with a relevant datum,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and stored with some additional type information to help systems
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determine when the RR is relevant.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX records are used to control delivery of email. The data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the record is a priority and a domain name. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls the order in which email delivery is attempted, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lowest number first. If two priorities are the same, a server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein chosen randomly. If no servers at a given priority are responding,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the mail transport agent will fall back to the next largest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Priority numbers do not have any absolute meaning — they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only respective to other MX records for that domain name. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name given is the machine to which the mail will be delivered.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It <span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> have an associated address record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (A or AAAA) — CNAME is not sufficient.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a given domain, if there is both a CNAME record and an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX record, the MX record is in error, and will be ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the mail will be delivered to the server specified in the MX
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointed to by the CNAME.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Mail delivery will be attempted to <code class="literal">mail.example.com</code> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">mail2.example.com</code> (in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any order), and if neither of those succeed, delivery to <code class="literal">mail.backup.org</code> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be attempted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Setting_TTLs"></a>Setting TTLs</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The time-to-live of the RR field is a 32-bit integer represented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in units of seconds, and is primarily used by resolvers when they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache RRs. The TTL describes how long a RR can be cached before it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be discarded. The following three types of TTL are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used in a zone file.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The last field in the SOA is the negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caching TTL. This controls how long other servers will
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User cache no-such-domain
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User (NXDOMAIN) responses from you.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum time for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein negative caching is 3 hours (3h).
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater The $TTL directive at the top of the
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater zone file (before the SOA) gives a default TTL for every
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater a specific TTL set.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Each RR can have a TTL as the second
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews field in the RR, which will control how long other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers can cache it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All of these TTLs default to units of seconds, though units
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be explicitly specified, for example, <code class="literal">1h30m</code>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="ipv4_reverse"></a>Inverse Mapping in IPv4</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Reverse name resolution (that is, translation from IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to name) is achieved by means of the <span class="emphasis"><em>in-addr.arpa</em></span> domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and PTR records. Entries in the in-addr.arpa domain are made in
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User least-to-most significant order, read left to right. This is the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User opposite order to the way IP addresses are usually written. Thus,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a machine with an IP address of 10.1.2.3 would have a
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User corresponding
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt 3.2.1.10.in-addr.arpa. This name should have a PTR resource record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whose data field is the name of the machine or, optionally,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein PTR records if the machine has more than one name. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the [<span class="optional">example.com</span>] domain:
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <code class="literal">2.1.10.in-addr.arpa</code>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <code class="literal">IN PTR foo.example.com.</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span> lines in the examples
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are for providing context to the examples only — they do not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appear in the actual usage. They are only used here to indicate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that the example is relative to the listed origin.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="zone_directives"></a>Other Zone File Directives</h3></div></div></div>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User The Master File Format was initially defined in RFC 1035 and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User has subsequently been extended. While the Master File Format
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is class independent all records in a Master File must be of the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Master File Directives include <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>$INCLUDE</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span class="command"><strong>$TTL.</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="atsign"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>@</strong></span> (at-sign)</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in the label (or name) field, the asperand or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at-sign (@) symbol represents the current origin.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At the start of the zone file, it is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>> (followed by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein trailing dot).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="origin_directive"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews Syntax: <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span>
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>domain-name</code></em>
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews<p><span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sets the domain name that will be appended to any
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User unqualified records. When a zone is first read in there
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater is an implicit <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>><span class="command"><strong>.</strong></span>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater (followed by trailing dot).
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater The current <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended to
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater the domain specified in the <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater argument if it is not absolute.
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic UpdaterWWW CNAME MAIN-SERVER
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater is equivalent to
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic UpdaterWWW.EXAMPLE.COM. CNAME MAIN-SERVER.EXAMPLE.COM.
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater<a name="include_directive"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>$INCLUDE</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span class="command"><strong>$INCLUDE</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Read and process the file <code class="filename">filename</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if it were included into the file at this point. If <span class="command"><strong>origin</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified the file is processed with <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span> set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to that value, otherwise the current <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span> is
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User The origin and the current domain name
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User revert to the values they had prior to the <span class="command"><strong>$INCLUDE</strong></span> once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the file has been read.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt RFC 1035 specifies that the current origin should be restored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an <span class="command"><strong>$INCLUDE</strong></span>, but it is silent
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews on whether the current
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews domain name should also be restored. BIND 9 restores both of
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews This could be construed as a deviation from RFC 1035, a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt feature, or both.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="ttl_directive"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>$TTL</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Syntax: <span class="command"><strong>$TTL</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>default-ttl</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Set the default Time To Live (TTL) for subsequent records
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with undefined TTLs. Valid TTLs are of the range 0-2147483647
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<p><span class="command"><strong>$TTL</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is defined in RFC 2308.
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="generate_directive"></a><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Syntax: <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>]
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>rhs</code></em>
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater<p><span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater is used to create a series of resource records that only
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater differ from each other by an
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater iterator. <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> can be used to
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater easily generate the sets of records required to support
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt sub /24 reverse delegations described in RFC 2317:
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN 0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-2 @ NS SERVER$.EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 $ CNAME $.0</pre>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. NS SERVER1.EXAMPLE.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews1.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 1.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein2.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 2.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein127.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 127.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Generate a set of A and MX records. Note the MX's right hand
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein side is a quoted string. The quotes will be stripped when the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein right hand side is processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$ORIGIN EXAMPLE.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ A 1.2.3.$
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ MX "0 ."</pre>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">HOST-1.EXAMPLE. A 1.2.3.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong>range</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This can be one of two forms: start-stop
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or start-stop/step. If the first form is used, then step
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is set to 1. start, stop and step must be positive
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt integers between 0 and (2^31)-1. start must not be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein larger than stop.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>lhs</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein describes the owner name of the resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be created. Any single <span class="command"><strong>$</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User (dollar sign)
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User symbols within the <span class="command"><strong>lhs</strong></span> string
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews are replaced by the iterator value.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User To get a $ in the output, you need to escape the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>$</strong></span> using a backslash
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>\</strong></span>,
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User e.g. <span class="command"><strong>\$</strong></span>. The
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>$</strong></span> may optionally be followed
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User by modifiers which change the offset from the
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User iterator, field width and base.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User Modifiers are introduced by a
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>{</strong></span> (left brace) immediately following the
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>$</strong></span> as
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>${offset[,width[,base]]}</strong></span>.
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User For example, <span class="command"><strong>${-20,3,d}</strong></span>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User subtracts 20 from the current value, prints the
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User result as a decimal in a zero-padded field of
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User Available output forms are decimal
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User (<span class="command"><strong>d</strong></span>), octal
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User (<span class="command"><strong>o</strong></span>), hexadecimal
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User (<span class="command"><strong>x</strong></span> or <span class="command"><strong>X</strong></span>
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User for uppercase) and nibble
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User (<span class="command"><strong>n</strong></span> or <span class="command"><strong>N</strong></span>\
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for uppercase). The default modifier is
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>${0,0,d}</strong></span>. If the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>lhs</strong></span> is not absolute, the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt current <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to the name.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User In nibble mode the value will be treated as
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews if it was a reversed hexadecimal string
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews with each hexadecimal digit as a separate
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt label. The width field includes the label
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews For compatibility with earlier versions,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>$$</strong></span> is still recognized as
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt indicating a literal $ in the output.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>ttl</strong></span></p>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User Specifies the time-to-live of the generated records. If
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User not specified this will be inherited using the
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User normal TTL inheritance rules.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>class</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and <span class="command"><strong>ttl</strong></span> can be
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User entered in either order.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>class</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Specifies the class of the generated records.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This must match the zone class if it is
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>class</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and <span class="command"><strong>ttl</strong></span> can be
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater entered in either order.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>type</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Any valid type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>rhs</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>rhs</strong></span>, optionally, quoted string.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> directive is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> extension
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and not part of the standard zone file format.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater BIND 8 does not support the optional TTL and CLASS fields.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="zonefile_format"></a>Additional File Formats</h3></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater In addition to the standard textual format, BIND 9
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater supports the ability to read or dump to zone files in
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater other formats.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The <code class="constant">raw</code> format is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater a binary representation of zone data in a manner similar
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to that used in zone transfers. Since it does not require
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater parsing text, load time is significantly reduced.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater An even faster alternative is the <code class="constant">map</code>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater format, which is an image of a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in-memory zone database; it is capable of being loaded
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater directly into memory via the <span class="command"><strong>mmap()</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater function; the zone can begin serving queries almost
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For a primary server, a zone file in
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="constant">raw</code> or <code class="constant">map</code>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater format is expected to be generated from a textual zone
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater file by the <span class="command"><strong>named-compilezone</strong></span> command.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For a secondary server or for a dynamic zone, it is automatically
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater generated (if this format is specified by the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span> option) when
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> dumps the zone contents after
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zone transfer or when applying prior updates.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater If a zone file in a binary format needs manual modification,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater it first must be converted to a textual form by the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>named-compilezone</strong></span> command. All
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater necessary modification should go to the text file, which
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater should then be converted to the binary form by the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>named-compilezone</strong></span> command again.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note that <span class="command"><strong>map</strong></span> format is extremely
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater architecture-specific. A <code class="constant">map</code>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater file <span class="emphasis"><em>cannot</em></span> be used on a system
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater with different pointer size, endianness or data alignment
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater than the system on which it was generated, and should in
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater general be used only inside a single system.
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater While <code class="constant">raw</code> format uses
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater network byte order and avoids architecture-dependent
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User data alignment so that it is as portable as
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User possible, it is also primarily expected to be used
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater inside the same single system. To export a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater zone file in either <code class="constant">raw</code> or
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <code class="constant">map</code> format, or make a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater portable backup of such a file, conversion to
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <code class="constant">text</code> format is recommended.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<a name="statistics"></a>BIND9 Statistics</h2></div></div></div>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains lots of statistics
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater information and provides several interfaces for users to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater get access to the statistics.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The available statistics include all statistics counters
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User that were available in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater are meaningful in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and other information that is considered useful.
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User The statistics information is categorized into the following
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The number of incoming DNS requests for each OPCODE.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The number of incoming queries for each RR type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number of outgoing queries for each RR
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater type sent from the internal resolver.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Maintained per view.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Statistics counters about incoming request processing.
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater Statistics counters regarding zone maintenance
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User operations such as zone transfers.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters about name resolution
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater performed in the internal resolver.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Maintained per view.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The number of RRsets per RR type and nonexistent
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt names stored in the cache database.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater If the exclamation mark (!) is printed for a RR
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater type, it means that particular type of RRset is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater known to be nonexistent (this is also known as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater "NXRRSET"). If a hash mark (#) is present then
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the RRset is marked for garbage collection.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Maintained per view.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters about network related events.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater A subset of Name Server Statistics is collected and shown
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater per zone for which the server has the authority when
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span> is set to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>full</code></strong> (or <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater for backward compatibility. See the description of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Usage”</a>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater for further details.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These statistics counters are shown with their zone and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater view names. The view name is omitted when the server is
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater not configured with explicit views.</p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater There are currently two user interfaces to get access to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt One is in the plain text format dumped to the file specified
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater by the <span class="command"><strong>statistics-file</strong></span> configuration option.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The other is remotely accessible via a statistics channel
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater when the <span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is specified in the configuration file
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels" title="statistics-channels Statement Grammar">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="statsfile"></a>The Statistics File</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The text format statistics dump begins with a line, like:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>+++ Statistics Dump +++ (973798949)</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number in parentheses is a standard
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Unix-style timestamp, measured as seconds since January 1, 1970.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater that line is a set of statistics information, which is categorized
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater as described above.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Each section begins with a line, like:
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>++ Name Server Statistics ++</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Each section consists of lines, each containing the statistics
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater counter value followed by its textual description.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See below for available counters.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For brevity, counters that have a value of 0 are not shown
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in the statistics file.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The statistics dump ends with the line where the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt number is identical to the number in the beginning line; for example:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>--- Statistics Dump --- (973798949)</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="statistics_counters"></a>Statistics Counters</h3></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The following tables summarize statistics counters that
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For each row of the tables, the leftmost column is the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt abbreviated symbol name of that counter.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These symbols are shown in the statistics information
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater accessed via an HTTP statistics channel.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The rightmost column gives the description of the counter,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater which is also shown in the statistics file
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (but, in this document, possibly with slight modification
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater for better readability).
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Additional notes may also be provided in this column.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater When a middle column exists between these two columns,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater it gives the corresponding counter name of the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 statistics, if applicable.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="stats_counters"></a>Name Server Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>Requestv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 requests received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note: this also counts non query requests.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>Requestv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 requests received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note: this also counts non query requests.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>ReqEdns0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with EDNS(0) received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>ReqBadEDNSVer</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with unsupported EDNS version received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>ReqTSIG</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with TSIG received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>ReqSIG0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with SIG(0) received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>ReqBadSIG</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with invalid (TSIG or SIG(0)) signature.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>ReqTCP</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RTCP</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater TCP requests received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>AuthQryRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RUQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Authoritative (non recursive) queries rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RecQryRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RURQ</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Recursive queries rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>XfrRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RUXFR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>UpdateRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RUUpd</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic update requests rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>Response</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>SAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RespTruncated</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Truncated responses sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RespEDNS0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with EDNS(0) sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RespTSIG</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with TSIG sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RespSIG0</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with SIG(0) sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QrySuccess</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in a successful answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This means the query which returns a NOERROR response
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater with at least one answer RR.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>success</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>QryAuthAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in authoritative answer.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryNoauthAns</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SNaAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in non authoritative answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>QryReferral</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Queries resulted in referral answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>referral</strong></span> counter
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>QryNxrrset</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater Queries resulted in NOERROR responses with no data.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>nxrrset</strong></span> counter
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>QrySERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>SFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in SERVFAIL.
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>QryFORMERR</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SFErr</strong></span></p>
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater Queries resulted in FORMERR.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryNXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SNXD</strong></span></p>
0a4f0f6ab6ec08442122837eba5f119d2d9d7864Tinderbox User Queries resulted in NXDOMAIN.
0a4f0f6ab6ec08442122837eba5f119d2d9d7864Tinderbox User This corresponds to the
0a4f0f6ab6ec08442122837eba5f119d2d9d7864Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>nxdomain</strong></span> counter
0a4f0f6ab6ec08442122837eba5f119d2d9d7864Tinderbox User of previous versions of
0a4f0f6ab6ec08442122837eba5f119d2d9d7864Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>QryRecursion</strong></span></p>
0a4f0f6ab6ec08442122837eba5f119d2d9d7864Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>RFwdQ</strong></span></p>
0a4f0f6ab6ec08442122837eba5f119d2d9d7864Tinderbox User Queries which caused the server
0a4f0f6ab6ec08442122837eba5f119d2d9d7864Tinderbox User to perform recursion in order to find the final answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>recursion</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>QryDuplicate</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RDupQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries which the server attempted to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt recurse but discovered an existing query with the same
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IP address, port, query ID, name, type and class
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater already being processed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>duplicate</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>QryDropped</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Recursive queries for which the server
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater discovered an excessive number of existing
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater recursive queries for the same name, type and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater class and were subsequently dropped.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This is the number of dropped queries due to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the reason explained with the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>clients-per-query</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>max-clients-per-query</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (see the description about
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#clients-per-query"><span class="command"><strong>clients-per-query</strong></span></a>.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>dropped</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>QryFailure</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Other query failures.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>failure</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Note: this counter is provided mainly for
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater backward compatibility with the previous versions.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Normally a more fine-grained counters such as
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>AuthQryRej</strong></span> and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>RecQryRej</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater that would also fall into this counter are provided,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and so this counter would not be of much
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater interest in practice.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryNXRedir</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in NXDOMAIN that were redirected.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryNXRedirRLookup</strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Queries resulted in NXDOMAIN that were redirected
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User and resulted in a successful remote lookup.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>XfrReqDone</strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Requested zone transfers completed.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>UpdateReqFwd</strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Update requests forwarded.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>UpdateRespFwd</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Update responses forwarded.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>UpdateFwdFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Dynamic update forward failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>UpdateDone</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates completed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>UpdateFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>UpdateBadPrereq</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates rejected due to prerequisite failure.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RateDropped</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses dropped by rate limits.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RateSlipped</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses truncated by rate limits.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RPZRewrites</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Response policy zone rewrites.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<a name="zone_stats"></a>Zone Maintenance Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>NotifyOutv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 notifies sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>NotifyOutv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 notifies sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>NotifyInv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 notifies received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>NotifyInv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 notifies received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>NotifyRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Incoming notifies rejected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>SOAOutv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 SOA queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>SOAOutv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 SOA queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>AXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 AXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>AXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 AXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>IXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IPv4 IXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>IXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IPv6 IXFR requested.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>XfrSuccess</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests succeeded.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>XfrFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="resolver_stats"></a>Resolver Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>Queryv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>Queryv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
65e9adc0e8185883d0de6690683ef4c2a0cc968bAutomatic Updater IPv6 queries sent.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>Responsev4</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>Responsev6</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>NXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RNXD</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater NXDOMAIN received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>SERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater SERVFAIL received.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>FORMERR</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RFErr</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater FORMERR received.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>OtherError</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RErr</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Other errors received.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>EDNS0Fail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater EDNS(0) query failures.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>Mismatch</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RDupR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Mismatch responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The DNS ID, response's source address,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater match what was expected.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (The port must be 53 or as defined by
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the <span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span> option.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This may be an indication of a cache
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater poisoning attempt.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>Truncated</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Truncated responses received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>Lame</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>RLame</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Lame delegations received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>Retry</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>SDupQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Query retries performed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>QueryAbort</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries aborted due to quota control.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>QuerySockFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Failures in opening query sockets.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater One common reason for such failures is a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater failure of opening a new socket due to a
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater limitation on file descriptors.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>QueryTimeout</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Query timeouts.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>GlueFetchv4</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>SSysQ</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv4 NS address fetches invoked.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>GlueFetchv6</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>SSysQ</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv6 NS address fetches invoked.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>GlueFetchv4Fail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater IPv4 NS address fetch failed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>GlueFetchv6Fail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User IPv6 NS address fetch failed.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>ValAttempt</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater DNSSEC validation attempted.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>ValOk</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt DNSSEC validation succeeded.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>ValNegOk</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater DNSSEC validation on negative information succeeded.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>ValFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater DNSSEC validation failed.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong>QryRTTnn</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Frequency table on round trip times (RTTs) of
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Each <span class="command"><strong>nn</strong></span> specifies the corresponding
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater In the sequence of
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>nn_1</strong></span>,
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>nn_2</strong></span>,
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>nn_m</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the value of <span class="command"><strong>nn_i</strong></span> is the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater number of queries whose RTTs are between
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>nn_(i-1)</strong></span> (inclusive) and
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>nn_i</strong></span> (exclusive) milliseconds.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater For the sake of convenience we define
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>nn_0</strong></span> to be 0.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater The last entry should be represented as
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>nn_m+</strong></span>, which means the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater number of queries whose RTTs are equal to or over
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>nn_m</strong></span> milliseconds.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<a name="socket_stats"></a>Socket I/O Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Socket I/O statistics counters are defined per socket
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater types, which are
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>UDP4</strong></span> (UDP/IPv4),
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>UDP6</strong></span> (UDP/IPv6),
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>TCP4</strong></span> (TCP/IPv4),
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>TCP6</strong></span> (TCP/IPv6),
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>Unix</strong></span> (Unix Domain), and
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>FDwatch</strong></span> (sockets opened outside the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater socket module).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt In the following table <span class="command"><strong><TYPE></strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt represents a socket type.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Not all counters are available for all socket types;
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater exceptions are noted in the description field.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>Open</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Sockets opened successfully.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>FDwatch</strong></span> type.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>OpenFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Failures of opening sockets.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="command"><strong>FDwatch</strong></span> type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>Close</strong></span></p>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Sockets closed.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>BindFail</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Failures of binding sockets.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>ConnFail</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Failures of connecting sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>Conn</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Connections established successfully.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>AcceptFail</strong></span></p>
<a name="bind8_compatibility"></a>Compatibility with <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND</em></span> 8 Counters</h4></div></div></div>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter�5.�The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Lightweight Resolver�</td>