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11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<title>Chapter�6.�BIND 9 Configuration Reference</title>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<link rel="next" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html" title="Chapter�7.�BIND 9 Security Considerations">
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71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</th></tr>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<a name="Bv9ARM.ch06"></a>Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2573587">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574157"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574347"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574776"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574793"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574817"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574840"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574999"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575193"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576505"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576579"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576643"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576686"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576701"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2585171"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2585189"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2585873"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2585924"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2586006"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2587566"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2590001">Zone File</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592022">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592710">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
199045f81d2c312411fc0d6a6f8dc56968daa679Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592837">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2593026"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
199045f81d2c312411fc0d6a6f8dc56968daa679Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration is broadly similar
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8; however, there are a few new
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of configuration, such as views. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8 configuration files should work with few alterations in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews 9, although more complex configurations should be reviewed to check
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews if they can be more efficiently implemented using the new features
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein found in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4 configuration files can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein converted to the new format
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews using the shell script
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">contrib/named-bootconf/named-bootconf.sh</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="configuration_file_elements"></a>Configuration File Elements</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following is a list of elements used throughout the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file documentation:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name of an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defined by the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>, <code class="varname">key_id</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="varname">acl_name</code> elements, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A named list of one or more <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews with optional <code class="varname">key_id</code> and/or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A <code class="varname">masters_list</code> may include other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a DNS name, for example "<code class="literal">my.test.domain</code>".
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater One to four integers valued 0 through
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater 255 separated by dots (`.'), such as <span><strong class="command">123</strong></span>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">45.67</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">89.123.45.67</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv4 address with exactly four elements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <code class="varname">dotted_decimal</code> notation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv6 address, such as <span><strong class="command">2001:db8::1234</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 scoped addresses that have ambiguity on their
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein scope zones must be disambiguated by an appropriate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone ID with the percent character (`%') as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delimiter. It is strongly recommended to use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein string zone names rather than numeric identifiers,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in order to be robust against system configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changes. However, since there is no standard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein mapping for such names and identifier values,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein currently only interface names as link identifiers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported, assuming one-to-one mapping between
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces and links. For example, a link-local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address <span><strong class="command">fe80::1</strong></span> on the link
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein attached to the interface <span><strong class="command">ne0</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified as <span><strong class="command">fe80::1%ne0</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that on most systems link-local addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein always have the ambiguity, and need to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disambiguated.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews An <code class="varname">ip4_addr</code> or <code class="varname">ip6_addr</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="varname">number</code> is limited to 0
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through 65535, with values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below 1024 typically restricted to use by processes running
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In some cases, an asterisk (`*') character can be used as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein placeholder to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein select a random high-numbered port.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User An IP network specified as an <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>,
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User followed by a slash (`/') and then the number of bits in the
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Trailing zeros in a <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User For example, <span><strong class="command">127/8</strong></span> is the
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User network <span><strong class="command">127.0.0.0</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein netmask <span><strong class="command">255.0.0.0</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0/28</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0</strong></span> with netmask <span><strong class="command">255.255.255.240</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When specifying a prefix involving a IPv6 scoped address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the scope may be omitted. In that case the prefix will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match packets from any scope.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">domain_name</code> representing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name of a shared key, to be used for transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separated by semicolons and ending with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A non-negative 32-bit integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (i.e., a number between 0 and 4294967295, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Its acceptable value might further
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be limited by the context in which it is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a pathname, such as <code class="filename">zones/master/my.test.domain</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A number, the word <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the word <strong class="userinput"><code>default</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <code class="varname">unlimited</code> <code class="varname">size_spec</code> requests unlimited
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews use, or the maximum available amount. A <code class="varname">default size_spec</code> uses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the limit that was in force when the server was started.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">number</code> can optionally be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by a scaling factor:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>K</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>k</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for kilobytes,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>M</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>m</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for megabytes, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>G</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>g</code></strong> for gigabytes,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which scale by 1024, 1024*1024, and 1024*1024*1024
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The value must be representable as a 64-bit unsigned integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (0 to 18446744073709551615, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Using <code class="varname">unlimited</code> is the best
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to safely set a really large number.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Either <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The words <strong class="userinput"><code>true</code></strong> and <strong class="userinput"><code>false</code></strong> are
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater also accepted, as are the numbers <strong class="userinput"><code>1</code></strong>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and <strong class="userinput"><code>0</code></strong>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">dialup_option</code>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater One of <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in a zone, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>, and <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are restricted to slave and stub zones.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<a name="address_match_lists"></a>Address Match Lists</h3></div></div></div>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<a name="id2573365"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><code class="varname">address_match_list</code> = address_match_list_element ;
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> address_match_list_element; ... </span>]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<code class="varname">address_match_list_element</code> = [<span class="optional"> ! </span>] (ip_address [<span class="optional">/length</span>] |
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User key key_id | acl_name | { address_match_list } )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2573393"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews control for various server operations. They are also used in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statements. The elements which constitute an address match
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews list can be any of the following:
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User a key ID, as defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<li>the name of an address match list defined with
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<li>a nested address match list enclosed in braces</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Elements can be negated with a leading exclamation mark (`!'),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the match list names "any", "none", "localhost", and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "localnets" are predefined. More information on those names
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be found in the description of the acl statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The addition of the key clause made the name of this syntactic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element something of a misnomer, since security keys can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to validate access without regard to a host or network address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Nonetheless, the term "address match list" is still used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein throughout the documentation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a given IP address or prefix is compared to an address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match list, the comparison takes place in approximately O(1)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. However, key comparisons require that the list of keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be traversed until a matching key is found, and therefore may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be somewhat slower.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used for access control, defining listen-on ports, or in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sortlist, and whether the element was negated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used as an access control list, a non-negated match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allows access and a negated match denies access. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein there is no match, access is denied. The clauses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span> all use address match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists. Similarly, the listen-on option will cause the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to refuse queries on any of the machine's
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User addresses which do not match the list.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Order of insertion is signficant. If more than one element
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce in an ACL is found to match a given IP address or prefix,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein preference will be given to the one that came
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> in the ACL definition.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Because of this first-match behavior, an element that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a subset of another element in the list should
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User come before the broader element, regardless of whether
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein either is negated. For example, in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">1.2.3/24; ! 1.2.3.13;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the 1.2.3.13 element is completely useless because the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein algorithm will match any lookup for 1.2.3.13 to the 1.2.3/24
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews element. Using <span><strong class="command">! 1.2.3.13; 1.2.3/24</strong></span> fixes
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews that problem by having 1.2.3.13 blocked by the negation, but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all other 1.2.3.* hosts fall through.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2573587"></a>Comment Syntax</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 comment syntax allows for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comments to appear
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein anywhere that whitespace may appear in a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. To appeal to programmers of all kinds, they can be written
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<a name="id2573602"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">/* This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C */</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">// This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C++</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"># This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in common UNIX shells and perl</pre>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<a name="id2573632"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Comments may appear anywhere that whitespace may appear in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments start with the two characters /* (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein star) and end with */ (star, slash). Because they are completely
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews delimited with these characters, they can be used to comment only
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews a portion of a line or to span multiple lines.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews C-style comments cannot be nested. For example, the following
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews is not valid because the entire comment ends with the first */:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">/* This is the start of a comment.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews This is still part of the comment.
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User/* This is an incorrect attempt at nesting a comment. */
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User This is no longer in any comment. */
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C++-style comments start with the two characters // (slash,
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews For example:
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">// This is the start of a comment. The next line
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews// is a new comment, even though it is logically
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews// part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Shell-style (or perl-style, if you prefer) comments start
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User with the character <code class="literal">#</code> (number sign)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and continue to the end of the
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews physical line, as in C++ comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"># This is the start of a comment. The next line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein# is a new comment, even though it is logically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein# part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater You cannot use the semicolon (`;') character
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to start a comment such as you would in a zone file. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein semicolon indicates the end of a configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Configuration_File_Grammar"></a>Configuration File Grammar</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration consists of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements and comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statements end with a semicolon. Statements and comments are the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only elements that can appear without enclosing braces. Many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements contain a block of sub-statements, which are also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein terminated with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following statements are supported:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching list, for access control and other uses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares control channels to be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein includes a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies key information for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authentication and authorization using TSIG.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies what the server logs, and where
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log messages are sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configures <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also act as a light-weight resolver daemon (<span><strong class="command">lwresd</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named masters list for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inclusion in stub and slave zone masters clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls global server configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options and sets defaults for other statements.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares communication channels to get access to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> statistics.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sets certain configuration options on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a per-server basis.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines trusted DNSSEC keys.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a zone.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> and
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statements may only occur once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574157"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> acl-name {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address_match_list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="acl"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement assigns a symbolic
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews name to an address match list. It gets its name from a primary
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews use of address match lists: Access Control Lists (ACLs).
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Note that an address match list's name must be defined
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews with <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> before it can be used
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews elsewhere; no forward references are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following ACLs are built-in:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">any</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches all hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">none</strong></span></p>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Matches no hosts.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of all network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces on the system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches any host on an IPv4 or IPv6 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the system has an interface.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Some systems do not provide a way to determine the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In such a case, <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only matches the local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 addresses, just like <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User<a name="id2574347"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ] allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> }
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ unix <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> perm <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> owner <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> group <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ unix ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="controls_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement declares control
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels to be used by system administrators to control the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation of the name server. These control channels are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility to send
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein commands to and retrieve non-DNS results from a name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you will only use <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> on the local host,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the loopback address (<code class="literal">127.0.0.1</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="literal">::1</code>) is recommended for maximum security.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no port is specified, port 953 is used. The asterisk
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The ability to issue commands over the control channel is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein restricted by the <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Connections to the control channel are permitted based on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>. This is for simple
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP address based filtering only; any <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein elements of the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <span><strong class="command">unix</strong></span> control channel is a UNIX domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein socket listening at the specified path in the file system.
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User Access to the socket is specified by the <span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>,
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">owner</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">group</strong></span> clauses.
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User Note on some platforms (SunOS and Solaris) the permissions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>) are applied to the parent directory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as the permissions on the socket itself are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary authorization mechanism of the command
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel is the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contains a list of <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>s.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> in the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is authorized to execute commands over the control channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#rndc">Remote Name Daemon Control application</a> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#admin_tools" title="Administrative Tools">the section called “Administrative Tools”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for information about configuring keys in <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>.
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User If no <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement is present,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will set up a default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control channel listening on the loopback address 127.0.0.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and its IPv6 counterpart ::1.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In this case, and also when the <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is present but does not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to load the command channel key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the file <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc</code> (or whatever <code class="varname">sysconfdir</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was specified as when <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> was built).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To create a <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file, run
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature was created to
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User ease the transition of systems from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which did not have digital signatures on its command channel
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater messages and thus did not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews It makes it possible to use an existing <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews configuration file in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 unchanged,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater and still have <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> work the same way
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span> worked in BIND 8, simply by executing the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews command <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong> after BIND 9 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only intended to allow the backward-compatible usage of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 configuration files, this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein feature does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have a high degree of configurability. You cannot easily change
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the key name or the size of the secret, so you should make a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> with your own key if you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein wish to change
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein those things. The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews also has its
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permissions set such that only the owner of the file (the user that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running as) can access it.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews desire greater flexibility in allowing other users to access
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> commands, then you need to create
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> file and make it group
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews readable by a group
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that contains the users who should have access.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To disable the command channel, use an empty
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">controls { };</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574776"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>;</pre>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2574793"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> statement inserts the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews specified file at the point where the <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement is encountered. The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews statement facilitates the administration of configuration
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews by permitting the reading or writing of some things but not
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews others. For example, the statement could include private keys
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that are readable only by the name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574817"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em> {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews algorithm <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews secret <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574840"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement defines a shared
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secret key for use with TSIG (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the command channel
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement can occur at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. Keys defined in top-level <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements can be used in all views. Keys intended for use in
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews a <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
33682c92e96b39c395cdb2c3feb8eb5914e7d5a8Andreas Gustafsson Usage”</a>)
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews must be defined at the top level.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>, also known as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name, is a domain name uniquely identifying the key. It can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in a <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement to cause requests sent to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to be signed with this key, or in address match lists to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein verify that incoming requests have been signed with a key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this name, algorithm, and secret.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em> is a string
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that specifies a security/authentication algorithm. Named
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code> TSIG authentication.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Truncated hashes are supported by appending the minimum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of required bits preceded by a dash, e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em> is the secret
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews to be used by the algorithm, and is treated as a base-64
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews encoded string.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574999"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews ( <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>path name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> | <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> ) ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>size spec</code></em> ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>syslog_facility</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User | <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> );
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews [ <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> (<code class="option">critical</code> | <code class="option">error</code> | <code class="option">warning</code> | <code class="option">notice</code> |
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">info</code> | <code class="option">debug</code> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em> ] | <code class="option">dynamic</code> ); ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User [ <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>category_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; [ <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; ... ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575193"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement configures a
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews variety of logging options for the name server. Its <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> phrase
ed38240f42ff9bc19d95669a2a4743b9ff7e7a64Tinderbox User associates output methods, format options and severity levels with
ed38240f42ff9bc19d95669a2a4743b9ff7e7a64Tinderbox User a name that can then be used with the <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> phrase
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce to select how various classes of messages are logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only one <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement is used to
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User as many channels and categories as are wanted. If there is no <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the logging configuration will be:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category unmatched { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the logging configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only established when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the entire configuration file has been parsed. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, it was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein established as soon as the <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was parsed. When the server is starting up, all logging messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regarding syntax errors in the configuration file go to the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels, or to standard error if the "<code class="option">-g</code>" option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575245"></a>The <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All log output goes to one or more <span class="emphasis"><em>channels</em></span>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you can make as many of them as you want.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Every channel definition must include a destination clause that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein says whether messages selected for the channel go to a file, to a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein particular syslog facility, to the standard error stream, or are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discarded. It can optionally also limit the message severity level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that will be accepted by the channel (the default is
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span>), and whether to include a
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>-generated time stamp, the
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews category name
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews and/or severity level (the default is not to include any).
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> destination clause
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews causes all messages sent to the channel to be discarded;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that case, other options for the channel are meaningless.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> destination clause directs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to a disk file. It can include limitations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both on how large the file is allowed to become, and how many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file will be saved each time the file is opened.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you use the <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> log file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will retain that many backup
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein versions of the file by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renaming them when opening. For example, if you choose to keep
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three old versions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file <code class="filename">lamers.log</code>, then just
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before it is opened
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code> is renamed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.2</code>, <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code> is renamed
a3ff24aaa545c45b8c581b2127d02d735aff8881Tinderbox User to <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code>, and <code class="filename">lamers.log</code> is
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce renamed to <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You can say <span><strong class="command">versions unlimited</strong></span> to
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce the number of versions.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce If a <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option is associated with
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce the log file,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then renaming is only done when the file being opened exceeds the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated size. No backup versions are kept by default; any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log file is simply appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option for files is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to limit log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein growth. If the file ever exceeds the size, then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop writing to the file unless it has a <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with it. If backup versions are kept, the files are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein described above and a new one begun. If there is no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option, no more data will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be written to the log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein until some out-of-band mechanism removes or truncates the log to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein less than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum size. The default behavior is not to limit the size of
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson Example usage of the <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> and
aeb8fffc841865c3336383eadfd9987332a03286Andreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> options:
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">channel an_example_channel {
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User file "example.log" versions 3 size 20m;
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User print-time yes;
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User print-category yes;
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> destination clause
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User channel to the system log. Its argument is a
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User syslog facility as described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. Known facilities are <span><strong class="command">kern</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">user</strong></span>,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">mail</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">auth</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">lpr</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">news</strong></span>,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">uucp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">cron</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">authpriv</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ftp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local0</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local1</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local2</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local3</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local4</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local5</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local6</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local7</strong></span>, however not all facilities
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User are supported on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all operating systems.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> will handle messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this facility is described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> man
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User page. If you have a system which uses a very old version of <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only uses two arguments to the <span><strong class="command">openlog()</strong></span> function,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then this clause is silently ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> clause works like <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>'s
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "priorities", except that they can also be used if you are writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein straight to a file rather than using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages which are not at least of the severity level given will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be selected for the channel; messages of higher severity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you are using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, then the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> priorities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will also determine what eventually passes through. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defining a channel facility and severity as <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only logging <span><strong class="command">daemon.warning</strong></span> via <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause messages of severity <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notice</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be dropped. If the situation were reversed, with <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages of only <span><strong class="command">warning</strong></span> or higher,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then <span><strong class="command">syslogd</strong></span> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print all messages it received from the channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the server's standard error stream. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use when the server is running as a foreground process, for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when debugging a configuration.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The server can supply extensive debugging information when
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews it is in debugging mode. If the server's global debug level is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than zero, then debugging mode will be active. The global debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level is set either by starting the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the <code class="option">-d</code> flag followed by a positive integer,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or by running <span><strong class="command">rndc trace</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The global debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be set to zero, and debugging mode turned off, by running <span><strong class="command">rndc
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinnotrace</strong></span>. All debugging messages in the server have a debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level, and higher debug levels give more detailed output. Channels
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that specify a specific debug severity, for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel specific_debug_level {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity debug 3;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will get debugging output of level 3 or less any time the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server is in debugging mode, regardless of the global debugging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level. Channels with <span><strong class="command">dynamic</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's global debug level to determine what messages to print.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> has been turned on,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and time will be logged. <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified for a <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> channel,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but is usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointless since <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> also prints
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. If <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requested, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category of the message will be logged as well. Finally, if <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on, then the severity level of the message will be logged. The <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in any combination, and will always be printed in the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce order: time, category, severity. Here is an example where all
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce three <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">28-Feb-2000 15:05:32.863 general: notice: running</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are four predefined channels that are used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>'s default logging as follows.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_category_phrase" title="The category Phrase">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel default_syslog {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog daemon; // send to syslog's daemon
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info; // only send priority info
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // and higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel default_debug {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // the working directory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Note: stderr is used instead
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // if the server is started
8a8a1fe98c89d0c683387b15a93b36ee7fe34b77Tinderbox User // with the '-f' option.
8a8a1fe98c89d0c683387b15a93b36ee7fe34b77Tinderbox User severity dynamic; // log at the server's
8a8a1fe98c89d0c683387b15a93b36ee7fe34b77Tinderbox User // current debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel default_stderr {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stderr; // writes to stderr
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info; // only send priority info
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // and higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel null {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein null; // toss anything sent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // this channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">default_debug</strong></span> channel has the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein property that it only produces output when the server's debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein nonzero. It normally writes to a file called <code class="filename">named.run</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the server's working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For security reasons, when the "<code class="option">-u</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option is used, the <code class="filename">named.run</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is created only after <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changed to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein new UID, and any debug output generated while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein starting up and still running as root is discarded. If you need
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to capture this output, you must run the server with the "<code class="option">-g</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option and redirect standard error to a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once a channel is defined, it cannot be redefined. Thus you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot alter the built-in channels directly, but you can modify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default logging by pointing categories at channels you have
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_category_phrase"></a>The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are many categories, so you can send the logs you want
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to see wherever you want, without seeing logs you don't want. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you don't specify a list of channels for a category, then log
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce in that category will be sent to the <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span> category
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce instead. If you don't specify a default category, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "default default" is used:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As an example, let's say you want to log security events to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a file, but you also want keep the default logging behavior. You'd
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel my_security_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "my_security_file";
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeincategory security {
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater my_security_channel;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default_syslog;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default_debug;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To discard all messages in a category, specify the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category xfer-out { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeincategory notify { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following are the available categories and brief descriptions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the types of log information they contain. More
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein categories may be added in future <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> releases.
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">default</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default category defines the logging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options for those categories where no specific
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration has been
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">general</strong></span></p>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The catch-all. Many things still aren't
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater classified into categories, and they all end up here.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></p>
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson Messages relating to the databases used
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater internally by the name server to store zone and cache
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">security</strong></span></p>
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User Approval and denial of requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">config</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Configuration file parsing and processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">resolver</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS resolution, such as the recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lookups performed on behalf of clients by a caching name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-in</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is receiving.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-out</strong></span></p>
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User Zone transfers the server is sending.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The NOTIFY protocol.
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson <p><span><strong class="command">client</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Processing of client requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">unmatched</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages that named was unable to determine the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class of or for which there was no matching <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A one line summary is also logged to the <span><strong class="command">client</strong></span> category.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default it is sent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">network</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Network operations.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update-security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of update requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify where queries should be logged to.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At startup, specifying the category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span> will also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enable query logging unless <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> option has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The query log entry reports the client's IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address and port number, and the query name,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class and type. It also reports whether the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Recursion Desired flag was set (+ if set, -
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if not set), if the query was signed (S),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS was in use (E), if DO (DNSSEC Ok) was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set (D), or if CD (Checking Disabled) was set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#62536: query: www.example.com IN AAAA +SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client ::1#62537: query: www.example.net IN AAAA -SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dispatch</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dispatching of incoming packets to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server modules where they are to be processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dnssec</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC and TSIG protocol processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lame-servers</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Lame servers. These are misconfigurations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in remote servers, discovered by BIND 9 when trying to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein those servers during resolution.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Delegation only. Logs queries that have have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein been forced to NXDOMAIN as the result of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delegation-only zone or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span> in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hint or stub zone declaration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">edns-disabled</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Log queries that have been forced to use plain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS due to timeouts. This is often due to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the remote servers not being RFC 1034 compliant
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (not always returning FORMERR or similar to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS queries and other extensions to the DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when they are not understood). In other words, this is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein targeted at servers that fail to respond to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS queries that they don't understand.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: the log message can also be due to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein packet loss. Before reporting servers for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-RFC 1034 compliance they should be re-tested
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to determine the nature of the non-compliance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This testing should prevent or reduce the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of false-positive reports.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: eventually named will have to stop
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treating such timeouts as due to RFC 1034 non
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compliance and start treating it as plain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein packet loss. Falsely classifying packet
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loss as due to RFC 1034 non compliance impacts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on DNSSEC validation which requires EDNS for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the DNSSEC records to be returned.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576505"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> listen-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> view <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> search { <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> ndots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews<a name="id2576579"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
919c99b7a47dadd4564eb2b48be2f59216d932fcAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statement configures the
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews server to also act as a lightweight resolver server. (See
53e1e7cec5604690162419b26fdb3d628a0c4313Tinderbox User <a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#lwresd" title="Running a Resolver Daemon">the section called “Running a Resolver Daemon”</a>.) There may be multiple
53e1e7cec5604690162419b26fdb3d628a0c4313Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statements configuring
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User lightweight resolver servers with different properties.
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statement specifies a
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User addresses (and ports) that this instance of a lightweight resolver
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews should accept requests on. If no port is specified, port 921 is
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater If this statement is omitted, requests will be accepted on
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement binds this
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater lightweight resolver daemon to a view in the DNS namespace, so that
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater response will be constructed in the same manner as a normal DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this view. If this statement is omitted, the default view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used, and if there is no default view, an error is triggered.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It provides a
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater list of domains
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater which are appended to relative names in queries.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It indicates the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of dots in a relative domain name that should result in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exact match lookup before search path elements are appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576643"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576686"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists allow for a common set of masters to be easily used by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple stub and slave zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576701"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
cbf7f1435f332b31f51a98611ccbfcd07c42c032Automatic Updater This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> version <em class="replaceable"><code>version_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> hostname <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> server-id <em class="replaceable"><code>server_id_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> named-xfer <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-credential <em class="replaceable"><code>principal</code></em>; </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-domain <em class="replaceable"><code>domainname</code></em>; </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> tkey-dhkey <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_tag</code></em>; </span>]
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> cache-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> dump-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> memstatistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> memstatistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pid-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> recursing-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> statistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> auth-nxdomain <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> deallocate-on-exit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> fake-iquery <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> fetch-glue <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> flush-zones-on-shutdown <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> has-old-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> host-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> host-statistics-max <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> minimal-responses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> multiple-cnames <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> recursion <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> rfc2308-type1 <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-id-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-validation <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-lookaside <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> trust-anchor <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-must-be-secure <em class="replaceable"><code>domain yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-accept-expired <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> forward ( <em class="replaceable"><code>only</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>first</code></em> ); </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dual-stack-servers [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] {
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews ( <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] |
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ) ;
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews ... }; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-names ( <em class="replaceable"><code>master</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>slave</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>response</code></em> )
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-mx ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-mx-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-srv-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-sibling <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> allow-v6-synthesis { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> blackhole { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> avoid-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> avoid-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> listen-on [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> listen-on-v6 [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> query-source ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] |
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] ) ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] |
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] ) ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
162933bac8fec492e683b1c09224344e568191e5Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> tcp-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> recursive-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> serial-query-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> serial-queries <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> tcp-listen-queue <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em>; </span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfers-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfers-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfers-per-ns <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> coresize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> datasize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> files <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> stacksize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> heartbeat-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> interface-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> statistics-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> topology { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sortlist { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> rrset-order { <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; ... </span>] </span>] };
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> lame-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-ncache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-cache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-roots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> treat-cr-as-space <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> additional-from-auth <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> additional-from-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> random-device <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-cache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> match-mapped-addresses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> preferred-glue ( <em class="replaceable"><code>A</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>AAAA</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>NONE</code></em> ); </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> root-delegation-only [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>] ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> querylog <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> disable-algorithms <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-acache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> empty-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> empty-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> empty-zones-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> disable-empty-zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="options"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement sets up global
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to be used by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>. This statement
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater may appear only
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater once in a configuration file. If there is no <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater statement, an options block with each option set to its default will
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">directory</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The working directory of the server.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Any non-absolute pathnames in the configuration file will be
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as relative to this directory. The default location for most
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater output files (e.g. <code class="filename">named.run</code>)
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater is this directory.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If a directory is not specified, the working directory
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater defaults to `<code class="filename">.</code>', the directory from
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater which the server
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater was started. The directory specified should be an absolute
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater When performing dynamic update of secure zones, the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater directory where the public and private key files should be
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater if different than the current working directory. The
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater directory specified
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater must be an absolute path.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete.</em></span> It
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to specify
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the pathname to the <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater program. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, no separate
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span> program is needed;
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater its functionality is built into the name server.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-gssapi-credential</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The security credential with which the server should
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater authenticate keys requested by the GSS-TSIG protocol.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Currently only Kerberos 5 authentication is available
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater and the credential is a Kerberos principal which
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the server can acquire through the default system
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater key file, normally <code class="filename">/etc/krb5.keytab</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Normally this principal is of the form
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater "<strong class="userinput"><code>dns/</code></strong><code class="varname">server.domain</code>".
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater To use GSS-TSIG, <span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater must also be set.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The domain appended to the names of all shared keys
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater generated with <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. When a
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater client requests a <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span> exchange,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater it may or may not specify the desired name for the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater key. If present, the name of the shared key will
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater will be <code class="varname">client specified part</code> +
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>. Otherwise, the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater name of the shared key will be <code class="varname">random hex
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater digits</code> + <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In most cases, the <span><strong class="command">domainname</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater should be the server's domain name, or an otherwise
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater non-existent subdomain like
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater "_tkey.<code class="varname">domainname</code>". If you are
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater using GSS-TSIG, this variable must be defined.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-dhkey</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The Diffie-Hellman key used by the server
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to generate shared keys with clients using the Diffie-Hellman
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater of <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. The server must be
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater able to load the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater public and private keys from files in the working directory.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater most cases, the keyname should be the server's host name.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cache-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is for testing only. Do not use.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dump-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server dumps
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the database to when instructed to do so with
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc dumpdb</strong></span>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named_dump.db</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server writes memory
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater usage statistics to on exit. If not specified,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the default is <code class="filename">named.memstats</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pid-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater in. If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">/var/run/named.pid</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pid-file is used by programs that want to send signals to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater name server. Specifying <span><strong class="command">pid-file none</strong></span> disables the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater use of a PID file — no file will be written and any
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater existing one will be removed. Note that <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater is a keyword, not a filename, and therefore is not enclosed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater double quotes.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursing-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server dumps
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the queries that are currently recursing when instructed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to do so with <span><strong class="command">rndc recursing</strong></span>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.recursing</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server appends statistics
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to when instructed to do so using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.stats</code> in the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater server's current directory. The format of the file is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">port</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The UDP/TCP port number the server uses for
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater receiving and sending DNS protocol traffic.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The default is 53. This option is mainly intended for server
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater a server using a port other than 53 will not be able to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater communicate with
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the global DNS.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The source of entropy to be used by the server. Entropy is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater primarily needed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater for DNSSEC operations, such as TKEY transactions and dynamic
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater update of signed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater zones. This options specifies the device (or file) from which
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater entropy. If this is a file, operations requiring entropy will
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater file has been exhausted. If not specified, the default value
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater (or equivalent) when present, and none otherwise. The
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span> option takes
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the initial configuration load at server startup time and
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater is ignored on subsequent reloads.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">preferred-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If specified, the listed type (A or AAAA) will be emitted
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater before other glue
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater in the additional section of a query response.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The default is not to prefer any type (NONE).
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Turn on enforcement of delegation-only in TLDs (top level domains) and root zones
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User with an optional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exclude list.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note some TLDs are not delegation only (e.g. "DE", "LV", "US"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and "MUSEUM").
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein root-delegation-only exclude { "de"; "lv"; "us"; "museum"; };
4e243fdc6b33a6371208b48d64912d8e327b4f5cAndreas Gustafsson<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disable the specified DNSSEC algorithms at and below the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User statements are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only the most specific will be applied.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span></span></dt>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews When set, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein provides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein validator with an alternate method to validate DNSKEY records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or below a domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein deepest <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>, and
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User the normal dnssec validation
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor will be append to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name and a DLV record will be looked up to see if it can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein validate the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key. If the DLV record validates a DNSKEY (similarly to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record does) the DNSKEY RRset is deemed to be trusted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-must-be-secure</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify hierarchies which must be or may not be secure (signed and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then named will only accept
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers if they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then normal dnssec validation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowing for insecure answers to be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The specified domain must be under a <span><strong class="command">trusted-key</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> must be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="boolean_options"></a>Boolean Options</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the <span><strong class="command">AA</strong></span> bit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is always set on NXDOMAIN responses, even if the server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a change from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8. If you
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User are using very old DNS software, you
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User may need to set it to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">deallocate-on-exit</strong></span></span></dt>
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User 8 to enable checking
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User for memory leaks on exit. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option and always performs
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics</strong></span></span></dt>
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User Write memory statistics to the file specfied by
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span> at exit.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> unless
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User '-m record' is specified on the command line in
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User which case it is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User server treats all zones as if they are doing zone transfers
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User a dial-on-demand dialup link, which can be brought up by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein originating from this server. This has different effects
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User to zone type and concentrates the zone maintenance so that
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User happens in a short interval, once every <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> and
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater hopefully during the one call. It also suppresses some of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone maintenance traffic. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews in which case it overrides the global <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the zone is a master zone, then the server will send out a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein request to all the slaves (default). This should trigger the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number check in the slave (providing it supports NOTIFY)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowing the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to verify the zone while the connection is active.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The set of servers to which NOTIFY is sent can be controlled
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is a slave or stub zone, then the server will suppress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "zone up to date" (refresh) queries and only perform them
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> expires in
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater addition to sending
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews NOTIFY requests.
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews Finer control can be achieved by using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong> which only sends NOTIFY
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong> which sends NOTIFY
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater suppresses the normal refresh queries, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater which suppresses normal refresh processing and sends refresh
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews when the <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expires, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong> which just disables normal
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User normal refresh
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater heart-beat refresh
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater heart-beat notify
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> (default)</p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span></p>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">refresh</strong></span></p>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify-passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that normal NOTIFY processing is not affected by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fake-iquery</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enabled simulating the obsolete DNS query type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IQUERY. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 never does
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IQUERY simulation.
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater This option is obsolete.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User In BIND 8, <strong class="userinput"><code>fetch-glue yes</code></strong>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater caused the server to attempt to fetch glue resource records
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater didn't have when constructing the additional
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater data section of a response. This is now considered a bad
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater and BIND 9 never does it.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the nameserver exits due receiving SIGTERM,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein flush or do not flush any pending zone writes. The default
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater This option was incorrectly implemented
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, and is ignored by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User To achieve the intended effect
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the two separate options <span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
d6984fd680db88faad5be52edef2416dd20488baTinderbox User and <span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> instead.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User In BIND 8, this enables keeping of
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User statistics for every host that the name server interacts
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Not implemented in BIND 9.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">maintain-ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater It was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater determine whether a transaction log was
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater kept for Incremental Zone Transfer. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains a transaction
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User log whenever possible. If you need to disable outgoing
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User incremental zone
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User transfers, use <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">minimal-responses</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when generating
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User responses the server will only add records to the authority
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User and additional data sections when they are required (e.g.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User delegations, negative responses). This may improve the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User performance of the server.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multiple-cnames</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to allow
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a domain name to have multiple CNAME records in violation of
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the DNS standards. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.2 onwards
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User always strictly enforces the CNAME rules both in master
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User files and dynamic updates.
3e240d6559605696cadf630668683708b18de871Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> (the default),
a8a5c3eb62ea3256fd015fffd12a8a7552331df9Tinderbox User DNS NOTIFY messages are sent when a zone the server is
3e240d6559605696cadf630668683708b18de871Tinderbox User authoritative for
871ab4edd87bc1c047658c3e2b92c629c58dbb38Tinderbox User changes, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#notify" title="Notify">the section called “Notify”</a>. The messages are
871ab4edd87bc1c047658c3e2b92c629c58dbb38Tinderbox User servers listed in the zone's NS records (except the master
871ab4edd87bc1c047658c3e2b92c629c58dbb38Tinderbox User server identified
871ab4edd87bc1c047658c3e2b92c629c58dbb38Tinderbox User in the SOA MNAME field), and to any servers listed in the
871ab4edd87bc1c047658c3e2b92c629c58dbb38Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>master-only</code></strong>, notifies are only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for master zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>explicit</code></strong>, notifies are sent only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers explicitly listed using <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, no notifies are sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> option may also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in which case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options notify</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It would only be necessary to turn off this option if it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caused slaves
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> do not check the nameservers
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater in the NS RRset against the SOA MNAME. Normally a NOTIFY
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater message is not sent to the SOA MNAME (SOA ORIGIN) as it is
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater supposed to contain the name of the ultimate master.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Sometimes, however, a slave is listed as the SOA MNAME in
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater hidden master configurations and in that case you would
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater want the ultimate master to still send NOTIFY messages to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater all the nameservers listed in the NS RRset.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, and a
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater DNS query requests recursion, then the server will attempt
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater all the work required to answer the query. If recursion is
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater and the server does not already know the answer, it will
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater referral response. The default is
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Note that setting <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> does not prevent
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater clients from getting data from the server's cache; it only
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater prevents new data from being cached as an effect of client
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Caching may still occur as an effect the server's internal
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater operation, such as NOTIFY address lookups.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater See also <span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span> above.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Setting this to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> will
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater cause the server to send NS records along with the SOA
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater record for negative
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater answers. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Not yet implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-id-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 always allocates query
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater IDs from a pool.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will collect
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater statistical data on all zones (unless specifically turned
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater on a per-zone basis by specifying <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics no</strong></span>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement).
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater These statistics may be accessed
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>, which will
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater dump them to the file listed
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater in the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span>. See
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater also <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If you need to disable IXFR to a particular server or
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the information on the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Usage”</a>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#incremental_zone_transfers" title="Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)">the section called “Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)”</a>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater See the description of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> in
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">treat-cr-as-space</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User the server treat carriage return ("<span><strong class="command">\r</strong></span>") characters the same way
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User as a space or tab character,
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User to facilitate loading of zone files on a UNIX system that
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User were generated
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User on an NT or DOS machine. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, both UNIX "<span><strong class="command">\n</strong></span>"
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User and NT/DOS "<span><strong class="command">\r\n</strong></span>" newlines
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User are always accepted,
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User and the option is ignored.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-auth</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options control the behavior of an authoritative
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater answering queries which have additional data, or when
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater following CNAME
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater and DNAME chains.
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater When both of these options are set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (the default) and a
0284e57b9b9dfaf2517a2cc3282ecf766b8ad075Automatic Updater query is being answered from authoritative data (a zone
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User configured into the server), the additional data section of
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User reply will be filled in using data from other authoritative
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User and from the cache. In some situations this is undesirable,
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User as when there is concern over the correctness of the cache,
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User in servers where slave zones may be added and modified by
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User untrusted third parties. Also, avoiding
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User the search for this additional data will speed up server
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User at the possible expense of additional queries to resolve
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User otherwise be provided in the additional section.
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User For example, if a query asks for an MX record for host <code class="literal">foo.example.com</code>,
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User and the record found is "<code class="literal">MX 10 mail.example.net</code>", normally the address
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User records (A and AAAA) for <code class="literal">mail.example.net</code> will be provided as well,
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User if known, even though they are not in the example.com zone.
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User Setting these options to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User disables this behavior and makes
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User the server only search for additional data in the zone it
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User answers from.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews These options are intended for use in authoritative-only
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews servers, or in authoritative-only views. Attempts to set
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews them to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> without also
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> will cause the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews ignore the options and log a warning message.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater Specifying <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span> actually
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater disables the use of the cache not only for additional data
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater but also when looking up the answer. This is usually the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews behavior in an authoritative-only server where the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews correctness of
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews the cached data is an issue.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater When a name server is non-recursively queried for a name
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater below the apex of any served zone, it normally answers with
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater "upwards referral" to the root servers or the servers of
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater known parent of the query name. Since the data in an
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater upwards referral
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater comes from the cache, the server will not be able to provide
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referrals when <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has been specified. Instead, it will respond to such
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews with REFUSED. This should not cause any problems since
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews upwards referrals are not required for the resolution
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">match-mapped-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews IPv4-mapped IPv6 address will match any address match
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews list entries that match the corresponding IPv4 address.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Enabling this option is sometimes useful on IPv6-enabled
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater systems, to work around a kernel quirk that causes IPv4
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater TCP connections such as zone transfers to be accepted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on an IPv6 socket using mapped addresses, causing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address match lists designed for IPv4 to fail to match.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The use of this option for any other purpose is discouraged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and the server loads a new version of a master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone from its zone file or receives a new version of a slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file by a non-incremental zone transfer, it will compare
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the new version to the previous one and calculate a set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of differences. The differences are then logged in the
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews zone's journal file such that the changes can be transmitted
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews to downstream slaves as an incremental zone transfer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By allowing incremental zone transfers to be used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-dynamic zones, this option saves bandwidth at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expense of increased CPU and memory consumption at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In particular, if the new version of a zone is completely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein different from the previous one, the set of differences
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be of a size comparable to the combined size of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein old and new zone version, and the server will need to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein temporarily allocate memory to hold this complete
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein difference set.
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also accepts <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> at the view and options
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User levels which causes
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> to apply to
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User all <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> or
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones respectively.
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User addresses refer to different machines. If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, named will
24abfe433efd98bb2099b867fb14d049b2f1f531Tinderbox User when the serial number on the master is less than what named
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User has. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User Enable DNSSEC support in named. Unless set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User named behaves as if it does not support DNSSEC.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span></span></dt>
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater Enable DNSSEC validation in named.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater Note <span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> to be effective.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Accept expired signatures when verifying DNSSEC signatures.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting this option to "yes" leaves named vulnerable to replay attacks.
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span></span></dt>
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews Specify whether query logging should be started when named
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> is not specified,
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews then the query logging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is determined by the presence of the logging category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to restrict the character set and syntax
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater from the network. The default varies according to usage
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones the default
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User For answers received from the network (<span><strong class="command">response</strong></span>)
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater the default is <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater The rules for legal hostnames and mail domains are derived
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater from RFC 952 and RFC 821 as modified by RFC 1123.
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater applies to the owner names of A, AAAA and MX records.
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater It also applies to the domain names in the RDATA of NS, SOA
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater and MX records.
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater It also applies to the RDATA of PTR records where the owner
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater name indicated that it is a reverse lookup of a hostname
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater (the owner name ends in IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA, or IP6.INT).
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Check whether the MX record appears to refer to a IP address.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>. Other possible
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater values are <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span> and
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater This option is used to check for non-terminal wildcards.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The use of non-terminal wildcards is almost always as a
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater result of a failure
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034).
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater affects master zones. The default (<span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>) is to check
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater for non-terminal wildcards and issue a warning.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Perform post load zone integrity checks on master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones. This checks that MX and SRV records refer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to address (A or AAAA) records and that glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address records exist for delegated zones. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX and SRV records only in-zone hostnames are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked (for out-of-zone hostnames use named-checkzone).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For NS records only names below top of zone are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checked (for out-of-zone names and glue consistency
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein checks use named-checkzone). The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
ef8014e56f35bb36daa5fd2c313f5e7963e97aa1Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
ef8014e56f35bb36daa5fd2c313f5e7963e97aa1Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
ef8014e56f35bb36daa5fd2c313f5e7963e97aa1Tinderbox User fail, warn or ignore MX records that refer
ef8014e56f35bb36daa5fd2c313f5e7963e97aa1Tinderbox User to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
ef8014e56f35bb36daa5fd2c313f5e7963e97aa1Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-srv-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail, warn or ignore SRV records that refer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When performing integrity checks, also check that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sibling glue exists. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When returning authoritative negative responses to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SOA queries set the TTL of the SOA recored returned in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the authority section to zero.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When caching a negative response to a SOA query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the TTL to zero.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When regenerating the RRSIGs following a UPDATE
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater request to a secure zone, check the KSK flag on
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater the DNSKEY RR to determine if this key should be
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater used to generate the RRSIG. This flag is ignored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if there are not DNSKEY RRs both with and without
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Try to refresh the zone using TCP if UDP queries fail.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater For BIND 8 compatibility, the default is
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<a name="id2580914"></a>Forwarding</h4></div></div></div>
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater name servers. It can also be used to allow queries by servers that
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater do not have direct access to the Internet, but wish to look up
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater names anyway. Forwarding occurs only on those queries for which
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater the server is not authoritative and does not have the answer in
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater This option is only meaningful if the
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater forwarders list is not empty. A value of <code class="varname">first</code>,
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater the default, causes the server to query the forwarders
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater first — and
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater if that doesn't answer the question, the server will then
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater the answer itself. If <code class="varname">only</code> is
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater specified, the
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater server will only query the forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specifies the IP addresses to be used
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews for forwarding. The default is the empty list (no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarding).
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Forwarding can also be configured on a per-domain basis, allowing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the global forwarding options to be overridden in a variety
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of ways. You can set particular domains to use different
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or have a different <span><strong class="command">forward only/first</strong></span> behavior,
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User or not forward at all, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Statement Grammar”</a>.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<a name="id2580972"></a>Dual-stack Servers</h4></div></div></div>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User problems in reachability due the lack of support for either IPv4
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User on the host machine.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span></span></dt>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Specifies host names or addresses of machines with access to
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User both IPv4 and IPv6 transports. If a hostname is used, the
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User server must be able
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User to resolve the name using only the transport it has. If the
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User machine is dual
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User stacked, then the <span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span> have no effect unless
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User access to a transport has been disabled on the command line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (e.g. <span><strong class="command">named -4</strong></span>).
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<a name="access_control"></a>Access Control</h4></div></div></div>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater Access to the server can be restricted based on the IP address
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater of the requesting system. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a> for
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater details on how to specify IP address lists.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater notify this server, a slave, of zone changes in addition
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater to the zone masters.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> may also be
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater specified in the
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement, in which case
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater it overrides the
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">options allow-notify</strong></span>
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater statement. It is only meaningful
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater for a slave zone. If not specified, the default is to
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater process notify messages
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater only from a zone's master.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to ask ordinary
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater DNS questions. <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> may
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
e31a258ca6ef845faf483fa8f04921e8841d3213Tinderbox User statement, in which case it overrides the
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">options allow-query</strong></span> statement.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is to allow queries
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater from all hosts.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is now
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater used to specify access to the cache.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which local addresses can accept ordinary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS questions. This makes it possible, for instance,
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater to allow queries on internal-facing interfaces but
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater disallow them on external-facing ones, without
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater necessarily knowing the internal network's addresses.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> may
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater statement, in which case it overrides the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">options allow-query-on</strong></span> statement.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is to allow queries
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater on all addresses.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater used to specify access to the cache.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to get answers
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater from the cache. If <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater is not set then <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater is used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater is used if set, otherwise the default
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span></span></dt>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Specifies which local addresses can give answers
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater from the cache. If not specified, the default is
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater to allow cache queries on any address,
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span> and
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to make recursive
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User queries through this server. If
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span> is not set
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater then <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater is used if set, otherwise the default
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span></span></dt>
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Specifies which local addresses can accept recursive
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater queries. If not specified, the default is to allow
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater recursive queries on all addresses.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater submit Dynamic DNS updates for master zones. The default is
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater updates from all hosts. Note that allowing updates based
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater on the requestor's IP address is insecure; see
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a> for details.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater submit Dynamic DNS updates to slave zones to be forwarded to
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater master. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong>,
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater means that no update forwarding will be performed. To
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater update forwarding, specify
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>allow-update-forwarding { any; };</code></strong>.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Specifying values other than <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong> or
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>{ any; }</code></strong> is usually
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater counterproductive, since
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater the responsibility for update access control should rest
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater master server, not the slaves.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Note that enabling the update forwarding feature on a slave
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater may expose master servers relying on insecure IP address
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater access control to attacks; see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater for more details.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-v6-synthesis</strong></span></span></dt>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater This option was introduced for the smooth transition from
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater to A6 and from "nibble labels" to binary labels.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater However, since both A6 and binary labels were then
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater this option was also deprecated.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater It is now ignored with some warning messages.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater receive zone transfers from the server. <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> may
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater statement, in which
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options allow-transfer</strong></span> statement.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is to allow transfers to all
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span></span></dt>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater Specifies a list of addresses that the
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater server will not accept queries from or use to resolve a
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater query. Queries
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater from these addresses will not be responded to. The default
9ca53742af3671da346701a61cac8188eadc4674Tinderbox User is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User<a name="id2581537"></a>Interfaces</h4></div></div></div>
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User from may be specified using the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option. <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> takes
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User an optional port, and an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code>.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User The server will listen on all interfaces allowed by the address
6478b87fd23bcd3ab74c25b261021fe19a239c4fTinderbox User match list. If a port is not specified, port 53 will be used.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statements are
8402f7bfea6ee33172c27e95965460b9c4e1b4daTinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">listen-on { 5.6.7.8; };
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User will enable the name server on port 53 for the IP address
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User 5.6.7.8, and on port 1234 of an address on the machine in net
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User 1.2 that is not 1.2.3.4.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> is specified, the
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User server will listen on port 53 on all IPv4 interfaces.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is used to
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User specify the interfaces and the ports on which the server will
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User for incoming queries sent using IPv6.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User as the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> for the
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option,
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User the server does not bind a separate socket to each IPv6 interface
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User address as it does for IPv4 if the operating system has enough API
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User support for IPv6 (specifically if it conforms to RFC 3493 and RFC
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User Instead, it listens on the IPv6 wildcard address.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User If the system only has incomplete API support for IPv6, however,
6478b87fd23bcd3ab74c25b261021fe19a239c4fTinderbox User the behavior is the same as that for IPv4.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User A list of particular IPv6 addresses can also be specified, in
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User the server listens on a separate socket for each specified
78ec962d9828200d18cd0e41b7d6b9792a74923dTinderbox User regardless of whether the desired API is supported by the system.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> options can
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { any; };
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox Userlisten-on-v6 port 1234 { !2001:db8::/32; any; };
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User will enable the name server on port 53 for any IPv6 addresses
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User (with a single wildcard socket),
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User and on port 1234 of IPv6 addresses that is not in the prefix
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User 2001:db8::/32 (with separate sockets for each matched address.)
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User To make the server not listen on any IPv6 address, use
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { none; };
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User specified, the server will not listen on any IPv6 address
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User unless <span><strong class="command">-6</strong></span> is specified when named is
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User invoked. If <span><strong class="command">-6</strong></span> is specified then
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User named will listen on port 53 on all IPv6 interfaces by default.
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User<a name="query_address"></a>Query Address</h4></div></div></div>
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User If the server doesn't know the answer to a question, it will
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User query other name servers. <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> specifies
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User the address and port used for such queries. For queries sent over
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User IPv6, there is a separate <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> option.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">address</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> (asterisk) or is omitted,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User a wildcard IP address (<span><strong class="command">INADDR_ANY</strong></span>)
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User will be used.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> or is omitted,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User a pool of random unprivileged ports will be used. See the
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span>,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-ports</strong></span> and
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span> options below for how the pool
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User is configured.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User and <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options can be used
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User to prevent named
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User from selecting certain ports.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User The defaults are:
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">query-source address * port *;
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox Userquery-source-v6 address * port *;
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Enable the use of query port pools. By default query port
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User pools are enabled unless there is a explicit port defined
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User in <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> or
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-ports</strong></span></span></dt>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Specify how many pool ports to use. The default is 8.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span></span></dt>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Specify how often, in minutes, that the queryport pool
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be recreated (new ports selected). The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is 15 minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User The address specified in the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> option
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User is used for both UDP and TCP queries, but the port applies only
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User to UDP queries. TCP queries always use a random
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User unprivileged port.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the source
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User address for TCP sockets.
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater See also <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_transfers"></a>Zone Transfers</h4></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> has mechanisms in place to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein facilitate zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and set limits on the amount of load that transfers place on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system. The following options apply to zone transfers.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Defines a global list of IP addresses of name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are also sent NOTIFY messages whenever a fresh copy of
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews zone is loaded, in addition to the servers listed in the
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews zone's NS records.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater This helps to ensure that copies of the zones will
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews quickly converge on stealth servers. If an <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews is given in a <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement,
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews it will override
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews the <span><strong class="command">options also-notify</strong></span>
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews statement. When a <span><strong class="command">zone notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>, the IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses in the global <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be sent NOTIFY messages for that zone. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list (no global notification list).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (1 hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Slave servers will periodically query master servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to find out if zone serial numbers have changed. Each such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a minute amount of the slave server's network bandwidth. To
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein amount of bandwidth used, BIND 9 limits the rate at which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sent. The value of the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an integer, is the maximum number of queries sent per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 20.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the maximum number of concurrent serial number queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed to be outstanding at any given time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein BIND 9 does not limit the number of outstanding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein serial queries and ignores the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it limits the rate at which the queries are sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as defined using the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers can be sent using two different formats,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the master server to determine which format it sends.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> uses one DNS message per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource record transferred.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs as many resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records as possible into a message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is more efficient, but is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only supported by relatively new slave servers,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein such as <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8.x and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.5 onwards.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> format is also supported by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recent Microsoft Windows nameservers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> may be overridden on a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein speed up the convergence
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of slave zones, but it also may increase the load on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of outbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. Zone transfer requests in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the limit will be refused. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be concurrently transferring from a given remote
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default value is <code class="literal">2</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein speed up the convergence of slave zones, but it also may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the load on the remote name server. <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be overridden on a per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determines which local address will be bound to IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TCP connections used to fetch zones transferred
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inbound by the server. It also determines the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source IPv4 address, and optionally the UDP port,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used for the refresh queries and forwarded dynamic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein updates. If not set, it defaults to a system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controlled value which will usually be the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the interface "closest to" the remote end. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address must appear in the remote end's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> option for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone being transferred, if one is specified. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> for all zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but can be overridden on a per-view or per-zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein basis by including a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> statement within
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The same as <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except zone transfers are performed using IPv6.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you do not wish the alternate transfer source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used, you should set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appropriately and you should not depend upon
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein getting a answer back to the first refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Use the alternate transfer sources or not. If views are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified this defaults to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise it defaults to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> (for BIND 8
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compatibility).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determines which local source address, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein optionally UDP port, will be used to send NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages. This address must appear in the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> zone clause or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in an <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> clause. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement sets the <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all zones, but can be overridden on a per-zone or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-view basis by including a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> statement within
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Like <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but applies to notify messages sent to IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582579"></a>Bad UDP Port Lists</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> specify a list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of IPv4 and IPv6 UDP ports that will not be used as system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein assigned source ports for UDP sockets. These lists
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prevent named from choosing as its random source port a
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews port that is blocked by your firewall. If a query went
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein out with such a source port, the answer would not get by
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews the firewall and the name server would have to query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582594"></a>Operating System Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server's usage of many system resources can be limited.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Scaled values are allowed when specifying resource limits. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein example, <span><strong class="command">1G</strong></span> can be used instead of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">1073741824</strong></span> to specify a limit of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein gigabyte. <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> requests
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unlimited use, or the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum available amount. <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein uses the limit
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews that was in force when the server was started. See the description
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <span><strong class="command">size_spec</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements" title="Configuration File Elements">the section called “Configuration File Elements”</a>.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User The following options set operating system resource limits for
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User the name server process. Some operating systems don't support
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User any of the limits. On such systems, a warning will be issued if
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User unsupported limit is used.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">coresize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum size of a core dump. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">datasize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of data memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is a hard limit on server memory usage.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the server attempts to allocate memory in excess of this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limit, the allocation will fail, which may in turn leave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server unable to perform DNS service. Therefore,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this option is rarely useful as a way of limiting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein amount of memory used by the server, but it can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to raise an operating system data size limit that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein too small by default. If you wish to limit the amount
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of memory used by the server, use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options instead.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">files</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of files the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may have open concurrently. The default is <code class="literal">unlimited</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">stacksize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of stack memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582777"></a>Server Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following options set limits on the server's
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews resource consumption that are enforced internally by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server rather than the operating system.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ixfr-log-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete; it is accepted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and ignored for BIND 8 compatibility. The option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> performs a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein similar function in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets a maximum size for each journal file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#journal" title="The journal file">the section called “The journal file”</a>). When the journal file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the specified size, some of the oldest transactions in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be automatically removed. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics-max</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, specifies the maximum number of host statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entries to be kept.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of simultaneous recursive lookups
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server will perform on behalf of clients. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">1000</code>. Because each recursing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein client uses a fair
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein bit of memory, on the order of 20 kilobytes, the value of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span> option may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have to be decreased
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews on hosts with limited memory.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews The maximum number of simultaneous client TCP
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews connections that the server will accept.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews The default is <code class="literal">100</code>.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews The maximum amount of memory to use for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's cache, in bytes. When the amount of data in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reaches this limit, the server will cause records to expire
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prematurely so that the limit is not exceeded. In a server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple views, the limit applies separately to the cache of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein view. The default is <code class="literal">32M</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-listen-queue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The listen queue depth. The default and minimum is 3.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the kernel supports the accept filter "dataready" this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also controls how
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein many TCP connections that will be queued in kernel space
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein some data before being passed to accept. Values less than 3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein silently raised.
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<a name="id2582910"></a>Periodic Task Intervals</h4></div></div></div>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User The server will remove expired resource records
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User from the cache every <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
bd9a66d553962387bf36ada994e3658fa16f5639Tinderbox User The default is 60 minutes. The maximum value is 28 days
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User (40320 minutes).
aa6c5a3e331958d3c92c2facdbd2b8daa55b5959Tinderbox User If set to 0, no periodic cleaning will occur.
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User The server will perform zone maintenance tasks
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User for all zones marked as <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> whenever this
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User interval expires. The default is 60 minutes. Reasonable
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User values are up
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User to 1 day (1440 minutes). The maximum value is 28 days
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User (40320 minutes).
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User If set to 0, no zone maintenance for these zones will occur.
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User The server will scan the network interface list
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User every <span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span>
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User minutes. The default
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User is 60 minutes. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User If set to 0, interface scanning will only occur when
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User the configuration file is loaded. After the scan, the
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User begin listening for queries on any newly discovered
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User interfaces (provided they are allowed by the
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> configuration), and
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User stop listening on interfaces that have gone away.
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User Name server statistics will be logged
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User every <span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span>
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User minutes. The default is
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User 60. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User If set to 0, no statistics will be logged.
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User Not yet implemented in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="topology"></a>Topology</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All other things being equal, when the server chooses a name
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews to query from a list of name servers, it prefers the one that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein topologically closest to itself. The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein takes an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interprets it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a special way. Each top-level list element is assigned a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Non-negated elements get a distance based on their position in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list, where the closer the match is to the start of the list, the
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews shorter the distance is between it and the server. A negated match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be assigned the maximum distance from the server. If there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is no match, the address will get a distance which is further than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any non-negated list element, and closer than any negated element.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer servers on network 10 the most, followed by hosts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on network 1.2.0.0 (netmask 255.255.0.0) and network 3, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exception of hosts on network 1.2.3 (netmask 255.255.255.0), which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is preferred least of all.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default topology is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"> topology { localhost; localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User<a name="the_sortlist_statement"></a>The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement</h4></div></div></div>
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User The response to a DNS query may consist of multiple resource
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User records (RRs) forming a resource records set (RRset).
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User The name server will normally return the
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User RRs within the RRset in an indeterminate order
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User (but see the <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The client resolver code should rearrange the RRs as appropriate,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews that is, using any addresses on the local net in preference to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein other addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, not all resolvers can do this or are correctly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a client is using a local server, the sorting can be performed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the server, based on the client's address. This only requires
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews configuring the name servers, not all the clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement (see below)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interprets it even
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein more specifically than the <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein does (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#topology" title="Topology">the section called “Topology”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each top level statement in the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein itself be an explicit <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one or two elements. The first element (which may be an IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an IP prefix, an ACL name or a nested <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of each top level list is checked against the source address of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the query until a match is found.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once the source address of the query has been matched, if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level statement contains only one element, the actual
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element that matched the source address is used to select the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the response to move to the beginning of the response. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is a list of two elements, then the second element is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treated the same as the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement. Each top
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level element
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assigned a distance and the address in the response with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein distance is moved to the beginning of the response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In the following example, any queries received from any of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the addresses of the host itself will get responses preferring
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on any of the locally connected networks. Next most preferred are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the 192.168.1/24 network, and after that either the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 192.168.3/24 network with no preference shown between these two
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein networks. Queries received from a host on the 192.168.1/24 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer other addresses on that network to the 192.168.2/24
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 192.168.3/24 networks. Queries received from a host on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the 192.168.5/24 network will only prefer other addresses on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein their directly connected networks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localhost; // IF the local host
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localnets; // THEN first fit on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { { 192.168.4/24; 192.168.5/24; }; // if .4 or .5, prefer that net
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following example will give reasonable behavior for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local host and hosts on directly connected networks. It is similar
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the behavior of the address sort in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.x. Responses sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to queries from the local host will favor any of the directly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein networks. Responses sent to queries from any other hosts on a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connected network will prefer addresses on that same network.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to other queries will not be sorted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localhost; localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein { localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="rrset_ordering"></a>RRset Ordering</h4></div></div></div>
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater When multiple records are returned in an answer it may be
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater useful to configure the order of the records placed into the
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement permits
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater of the ordering of the records in a multiple record response.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater See also the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement,
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a>.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater An <span><strong class="command">order_spec</strong></span> is defined as
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional">class <em class="replaceable"><code>class_name</code></em></span>]
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional">type <em class="replaceable"><code>type_name</code></em></span>]
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">name <em class="replaceable"><code>"domain_name"</code></em></span>]
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater order <em class="replaceable"><code>ordering</code></em>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater If no class is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater If no type is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater If no name is specified, the default is "<span><strong class="command">*</strong></span>" (asterisk).
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater The legal values for <span><strong class="command">ordering</strong></span> are:
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">fixed</strong></span></p>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Records are returned in the order they
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater are defined in the zone file.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">random</strong></span></p>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Records are returned in some random order.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span></p>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Records are returned in a round-robin
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class IN type A name "host.example.com" order random;
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater will cause any responses for type A records in class IN that
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater have "<code class="literal">host.example.com</code>" as a
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater suffix, to always be returned
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater in random order. All other records are returned in cyclic order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If multiple <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein they are not combined — the last one applies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not yet fully implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein BIND 9 currently does not fully support "fixed" ordering.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater<a name="tuning"></a>Tuning</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">lame-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the number of seconds to cache a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lame server indication. 0 disables caching. (This is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="bold"><strong>NOT</strong></span> recommended.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <code class="literal">600</code> (10 minutes) and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum value is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To reduce network traffic and increase performance,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server stores negative answers. <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to set a maximum retention time for these answers in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in seconds. The default
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is <code class="literal">10800</code> seconds (3 hours).
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> cannot exceed
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User 7 days and will
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User be silently truncated to 7 days if set to a greater value.
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews Sets the maximum time for which the server will
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User cache ordinary (positive) answers. The default is
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User one week (7 days).
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-roots</strong></span></span></dt>
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater The minimum number of root servers that
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater is required for a request for the root servers to be
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater accepted. The default
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater is <strong class="userinput"><code>2</code></strong>.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User Not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User Specifies the number of days into the
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User future when DNSSEC signatures automatically generated as a
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User of dynamic updates (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dynamic_update" title="Dynamic Update">the section called “Dynamic Update”</a>)
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User will expire. The default is <code class="literal">30</code> days.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The maximum value is 10 years (3660 days). The signature
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews inception time is unconditionally set to one hour before the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews current time
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews to allow for a limited amount of clock skew.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater These options control the server's behavior on refreshing a
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews (querying for SOA changes) or retrying failed transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usually the SOA values for the zone are used, but these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are set by the master, giving slave server administrators
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control over their contents.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options allow the administrator to set a minimum and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein refresh and retry time either per-zone, per-view, or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options are valid for slave and stub zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and clamp the SOA refresh and retry times to the specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the advertised EDNS UDP buffer size in bytes. Valid
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this range
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews will be silently adjusted). The default value is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 4096. The usual reason for setting edns-udp-size to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a non-default value is to get UDP answers to pass
f02216f5b390ff0a589fa080f29350fd7794bf5cMark Andrews through broken firewalls that block fragmented
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater packets and/or block UDP packets that are greater
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater than 512 bytes.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum EDNS UDP message size named will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein send in bytes. Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater this range will be silently adjusted). The default
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater value is 4096. The usual reason for setting
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater max-udp-size to a non-default value is to get UDP
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater answers to pass through broken firewalls that
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater block fragmented packets and/or block UDP packets
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater that are greater than 512 bytes.
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater This is independent of the advertised receive
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater buffer (<span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span>).
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the file format of zone files (see
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format" title="Additional File Formats">the section called “Additional File Formats”</a>).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default value is <code class="constant">text</code>, which is the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews standard textual representation. Files in other formats
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than <code class="constant">text</code> are typically expected
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be generated by the <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> tool.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that when a zone file in a different format than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="constant">text</code> is loaded, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may omit some of the checks which would be performed for a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file in the <code class="constant">text</code> format. In particular,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span> checks do not apply
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the <code class="constant">raw</code> format. This means
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be generated with the same check level as that
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews specified in the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User file. This statement sets the
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> for all zones,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews but can be overridden on a per-zone or per-view basis
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews by including a <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement within the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span></span>
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater<p>These set the
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User initial value (minimum) and maximum number of recursive
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User simultanious clients for any given query
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User (<qname,qtype,qclass>) that the server will accept
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User before dropping additional clients. named will attempt to
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User self tune this value and changes will be logged. The
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User default values are 10 and 100.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User This value should reflect how many queries come in for
299e3f18eb4f9297e6f06ca373806b07bec13a02Tinderbox User a given name in the time it takes to resolve that name.
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User If the number of queries exceed this value, named will
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User assume that it is dealing with a non-responsive zone
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews and will drop additional queries. If it gets a response
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews after dropping queries, it will raise the estimate. The
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews estimate will then be lowered in 20 minutes if it has
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews remained unchanged.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews then there is no limit on the number of clients per query
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews and no queries will be dropped.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews then there is no upper bound other than imposed by
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>.
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User The delay, in seconds, between sending sets of notify
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User messages for a zone. The default is zero.
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<a name="builtin"></a>Built-in server information zones</h4></div></div></div>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The server provides some helpful diagnostic information
01b18d4c7c14ccb93708ab7ffdece3ac67b15a7cAutomatic Updater through a number of built-in zones under the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews pseudo-top-level-domain <code class="literal">bind</code> in the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> class. These zones are part
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews built-in view (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar" title="view Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>) of
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> which is separate from the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews default view of
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews class <span><strong class="command">IN</strong></span>; therefore, any global
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews server options
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews such as <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> do not apply
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the these zones.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater If you feel the need to disable these zones, use the options
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater below, or hide the built-in <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater defining an explicit view of class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater that matches all clients.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">version</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The version the server should report
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater via a query of the name <code class="literal">version.bind</code>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The default is the real version number of this server.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Specifying <span><strong class="command">version none</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater disables processing of the queries.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">hostname</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The hostname the server should report via a query of
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the name <code class="filename">hostname.bind</code>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater This defaults to the hostname of the machine hosting the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater name server as
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater found by the gethostname() function. The primary purpose of such queries
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">hostname none;</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater disables processing of the queries.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The ID of the server should report via a query of
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the name <code class="filename">ID.SERVER</code>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The primary purpose of such queries is to
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id none;</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater disables processing of the queries.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id hostname;</strong></span> will cause named to
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater use the hostname as found by the gethostname() function.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The default <span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater<a name="empty"></a>Built-in Empty Zones</h4></div></div></div>
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater Named has some built-in empty zones (SOA and NS records only).
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater These are for zones that should normally be answered locally
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater and which queries should not be sent to the Internet's root
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater servers. The official servers which cover these namespaces
77b7c54f1aa220a2f806b5883161c3027f62b1dbTinderbox User return NXDOMAIN responses to these queries. In particular,
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater these cover the reverse namespace for addresses from RFC 1918 and
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater RFC 3330. They also include the reverse namespace for IPv6 local
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater address (locally assigned), IPv6 link local addresses, the IPv6
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater loopback address and the IPv6 unknown addresss.
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews Named will attempt to determine if a built in zone already exists
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews or is active (covered by a forward-only forwarding declaration)
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews and will not not create a empty zone in that case.
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater The current list of empty zones is:
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater<li>0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Empty zones are settable at the view level and only apply to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein views of class IN. Disabled empty zones are only inherited
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from options if there are no disabled empty zones specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at the view level. To override the options list of disabled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones, you can disable the root zone at the view level, for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disable-empty-zone ".";
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews If you are using the address ranges covered here, you should
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein already have reverse zones covering the addresses you use.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In practice this appears to not be the case with many queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein being made to the infrastructure servers for names in these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein spaces. So many in fact that sacrificial servers were needed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be deployed to channel the query load away from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein infrastructure servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The real parent servers for these zones should disable all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein empty zone under the parent zone they serve. For the real
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein root servers, this is all built in empty zones. This will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enable them to return referrals to deeper in the tree.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-server</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify what server name will appear in the returned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone's name will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-contact</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify what contact name will appear in the returned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User "." will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-zones-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enable or disable all empty zones. By default they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are enabled.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-empty-zone</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disable individual empty zones. By default none are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disabled. This option can be specified multiple times.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<a name="statsfile"></a>The Statistics File</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The statistics file generated by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is similar, but not identical, to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generated by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The statistics dump begins with a line, like:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">+++ Statistics Dump +++ (973798949)</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number in parentheses is a standard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Unix-style timestamp, measured as seconds since January 1, 1970.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that line are a series of lines containing a counter type, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein counter, optionally a zone name, and optionally a view name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The lines without view and zone listed are global statistics for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the entire server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Lines with a zone and view name for the given view and zone (the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein view name is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein omitted for the default view).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The statistics dump ends with the line where the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number is identical to the number in the beginning line; for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">--- Statistics Dump --- (973798949)</strong></span>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews The following statistics counters are maintained:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">success</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein successful queries made to the server or zone. A
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews successful query
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews is defined as query which returns a NOERROR response
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews with at least
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews one answer RR.
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">referral</strong></span></p>
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User The number of queries which resulted
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User in referral responses.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">nxrrset</strong></span></p>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews The number of queries which resulted in
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews NOERROR responses with no data.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">nxdomain</strong></span></p>
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews of queries which resulted in NXDOMAIN responses.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">failure</strong></span></p>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews The number of queries which resulted in a
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews failure response other than those above.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span></p>
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews The number of queries which caused the server
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews to perform recursion in order to find the final answer.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">duplicate</strong></span></p>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews The number of queries which the server attempted to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recurse but discover a existing query with the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP address, port, query id, name, type and class
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein already being processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dropped</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of queries for which the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discovered a excessive number of existing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursive queries for the same name, type and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class and were subsequently dropped.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each query received by the server will cause exactly one of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">success</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">referral</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nxrrset</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nxdomain</strong></span>, or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">failure</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be incremented, and may additionally cause the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span> counter to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein incremented.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="acache"></a>Additional Section Caching</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The additional section cache, also called <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is an internal cache to improve the response performance of BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When additional section caching is enabled, BIND 9 will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache an internal short-cut to the additional section content for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein each answer RR.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is an internal caching
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein mechanism of BIND 9, and is not related to the DNS caching
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server function.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Additional section caching does not change the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response content (except the RRsets ordering of the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein section, see below), but can improve the response performance
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein significantly.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is particularly effective when BIND 9 acts as an authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server for a zone that has many delegations with many glue RRs.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In order to obtain the maximum performance improvement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from additional section caching, setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> is recommended, since the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein implementation of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein does not short-cut of additional section information from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS cache data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One obvious disadvantage of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater that it requires much more
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater memory for the internal cached data.
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater Thus, if the response performance does not matter and memory
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater consumption is much more critical, the
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> mechanism can be
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater disabled by setting <span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span> to
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User It is also possible to specify the upper limit of memory
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User for acache by using <span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span>.
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User Additional section caching also has a minor effect on the
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User RRset ordering in the additional section.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Without <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span> order is effective for the additional
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User section as well as the answer and authority sections.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User However, additional section caching fixes the ordering when it
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User first caches an RRset for the additional section, and the same
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User ordering will be kept in succeeding responses, regardless of the
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User setting of <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User The effect of this should be minor, however, since an
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User RRset in the additional section
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User typically only contains a small number of RRs (and in many cases
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User it only contains a single RR), in which case the
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User ordering does not matter much.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User The following is a summary of options related to
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User If <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, additional section caching is
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User enabled. The default value is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User The server will remove stale cache entries, based on an LRU
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User algorithm, every <span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User The default is 60 minutes.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User If set to 0, no periodic cleaning will occur.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User The maximum amount of memory in bytes to use for the server's acache.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User When the amount of data in the acache reaches this limit,
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User will clean more aggressively so that the limit is not
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User separately to the
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User acache of each view.
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User The default is <code class="literal">16M</code>.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<a name="id2585171"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> {
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ] [allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> } ]; ]
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User<a name="id2585189"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares communication channels to be used by system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein administrators to get access to statistics information of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This statement intends to be flexible to support multiple
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein communication protocols in the future, but currently only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein HTTP access is supported.
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User It requires that BIND 9 be compiled with libxml2;
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User still accepted even if it is built without the library,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but any HTTP access will fail with an error.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no port is specified, port 80 is used for HTTP channels.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The asterisk "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
24e79a68e1b16324e17364fcd8959379ff6e20e9Mark Andrews The attempt of opening a statistics channel is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein restricted by the optional <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Connections to the statistics channel are permitted based on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause is present,
f9aef05653eeb454c489d5bd2bde6daab774ad4aTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> accepts connection
f9aef05653eeb454c489d5bd2bde6daab774ad4aTinderbox User attempts from any address; since the statistics may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contain sensitive internal information, it is highly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recommended to restrict the source of connection requests
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appropriately.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is present,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will not open any communication channels.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="server_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr[/prefixlen]</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> bogus <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em> ; ]</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> keys <em class="replaceable"><code>{ string ; [<span class="optional"> string ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>] }</code></em> ; </span>]
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="server_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement defines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein characteristics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be associated with a remote name server. If a prefix length is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, then a range of servers is covered. Only the most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server clause applies regardless of the order in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement can occur at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement contains
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews one or more <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements, only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the view and any top-level ones are ignored.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If a view contains no <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any top-level <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements are
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If you discover that a remote server is giving out bad data,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater marking it as bogus will prevent further queries to it. The
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater value of <span><strong class="command">bogus</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the local server, acting as master, will respond with an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone transfer when the given remote server, a slave, requests it.
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews If set to <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, incremental transfer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be provided
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater whenever possible. If set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to the remote server will be non-incremental. If not set, the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option in the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater global options block is used as a default.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the local server, acting as a slave, will request incremental zone
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater transfers from the given remote server, a master. If not set, the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater value of the <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> option in
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater global options block is used as a default.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater IXFR requests to servers that do not support IXFR will
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater fall back to AXFR. Therefore, there is no need to manually list
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater which servers support IXFR and which ones do not; the global
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> should always work.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The purpose of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clauses is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to make it possible to disable the use of IXFR even when both
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and slave claim to support it, for example if one of the servers
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater is buggy and crashes or corrupts data when IXFR is used.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">edns</strong></span> clause determines whether
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the local server will attempt to use EDNS when communicating
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater with the remote server. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the EDNS UDP size
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater that is advertised by named when querying the remote server.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Valid values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will be
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater silently adjusted). This option is useful when you wish to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater advertises a different value to this server than the value you
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater advertise globally, for example, when there is a firewall at the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater remote site that is blocking large replies.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater maximum EDNS UDP message size named will send. Valid
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater be silently adjusted). This option is useful when you
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater know that there is a firewall that is blocking large
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User replies from named.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The server supports two zone transfer methods. The first, <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span>,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater uses one DNS message per resource record transferred. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater as many resource records as possible into a message. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater more efficient, but is only known to be understood by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater 8.x, and patched versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater 4.9.5. You can specify which method
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to use for a server with the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> is not
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews specified, the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater by the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement will be
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater is used to limit the number of concurrent inbound zone
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews transfers from the specified server. If no
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> clause is specified, the
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews limit is set according to the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause identifies a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used for transaction security (TSIG, <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when talking to the remote server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a request is sent to the remote server, a request signature
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews will be generated using the key specified here and appended to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein message. A request originating from the remote server is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be signed by this key.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Although the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews allows for multiple keys, only a single key per server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the IPv4 and IPv6 source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to be used for zone transfer with the remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For an IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server, only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> can be
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews For more details, see the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> and
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages sent to remote servers, respectively. For an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for queries
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater sent to remote servers, respectively. For an IPv4
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater remote server, only <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> can
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater only <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2585873"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2585924"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement defines
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater DNSSEC security roots. DNSSEC is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#DNSSEC" title="DNSSEC">the section called “DNSSEC”</a>. A security root is defined when the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein public key for a non-authoritative zone is known, but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot be securely obtained through DNS, either because
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is the DNS root zone or because its parent zone is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unsigned. Once a key has been configured as a trusted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key, it is treated as if it had been validated and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein proven secure. The resolver attempts DNSSEC validation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on all DNS data in subdomains of a security root.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All keys (and corresponding zones) listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> are deemed to exist regardless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of what parent zones say. Similarly for all keys listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> only those keys are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to validate the DNSKEY RRset. The parent's DS RRset
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will not be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement can contain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple key entries, each consisting of the key's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain name, flags, protocol, algorithm, and the Base-64
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein representation of the key data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="view_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User match-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User match-destinations { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User match-recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_option</code></em>; ...</span>]
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_statement</code></em>; ...</span>]
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User<a name="id2586006"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement is a powerful
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 that lets a name server
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User answer a DNS query differently
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User depending on who is asking. It is particularly useful for
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User split DNS setups without having to run multiple servers.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater Each <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement defines a view
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater DNS namespace that will be seen by a subset of clients. A client
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater a view if its source IP address matches the
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the view's
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> clause and its
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater destination IP address matches
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span> clause. If not
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User specified, both
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default to matching all addresses. In addition to checking IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can also take <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> which provide an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein mechanism for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein client to select the view. A view can also be specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as <span><strong class="command">match-recursive-only</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means that only recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests from matching clients will match that view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The order of the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein significant —
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a client request will be resolved in the context of the first
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> that it matches.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Zones defined within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement will
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews be only be accessible to clients that match the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By defining a zone of the same name in multiple views, different
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zone data can be given to different clients, for example,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and "external" clients in a split DNS setup.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Many of the options given in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews can also be used within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement, and then
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews apply only when resolving queries with that view. When no
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews view-specific
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews value is given, the value in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is used as a default. Also, zone options can have default values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement; these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein view-specific defaults
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein take precedence over those in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Views are class specific. If no class is given, class IN
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assumed. Note that all non-IN views must contain a hint zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein since only the IN class has compiled-in default hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If there are no <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file, a default view that matches any client is automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in class IN. Any <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level of the configuration file are considered to be part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this default view, and the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the default view. If any explicit <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements are present, all <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein occur inside <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Here is an example of a typical split DNS setup implemented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // This should match our internal networks.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews match-clients { 10.0.0.0/8; };
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews // Provide recursive service to internal clients only.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide a complete view of the example.com zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // including addresses of internal hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinview "external" {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Match all clients not matched by the previous view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Refuse recursive service to external clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion no;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide a restricted view of the example.com zone
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews // containing only publicly accessible hosts.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-policy { <em class="replaceable"><code>update_policy_rule</code></em> [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-mx (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updaterzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; // Not Implemented. </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updaterzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type forward;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type delegation-only;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2587566"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2587574"></a>Zone Types</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server has a master copy of the data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the zone and will be able to provide authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A slave zone is a replica of a master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone. The <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies one or more IP addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of master servers that the slave contacts to update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein its copy of the zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Masters list elements can also be names of other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein masters lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By default, transfers are made from port 53 on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers; this can
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews be changed for all servers by specifying a port number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of IP addresses, or on a per-server basis after
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the IP address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Authentication to the master can also be done with
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews per-server TSIG keys.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a file is specified, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replica will be written to this file whenever the zone
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User and reloaded from this file on a server restart. Use
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User recommended, since it often speeds server startup and
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater a needless waste of bandwidth. Note that for large
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein numbers (in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein tens or hundreds of thousands) of zones per server, it
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews use a two-level naming scheme for zone filenames. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a slave server for the zone <code class="literal">example.com</code> might place
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone contents into a file called
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">ex/example.com</code> where <code class="filename">ex/</code> is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User just the first two letters of the zone name. (Most
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User operating systems
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User behave very slowly if you put 100 000 files into
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User a single directory.)
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User A stub zone is similar to a slave zone,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User except that it replicates only the NS records of a
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User master zone instead
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User of the entire zone. Stub zones are not a standard part
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User they are a feature specific to the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> implementation.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User Stub zones can be used to eliminate the need for glue
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User in a parent zone at the expense of maintaining a stub
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User zone entry and
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User a set of name server addresses in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User This usage is not recommended for new configurations,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports it only in a limited way.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4/8, zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers of a parent zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein included the NS records from stub children of that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone. This meant
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User that, in some cases, users could get away with
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User configuring child stubs
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User only in the master server for the parent zone. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User 9 never mixes together zone data from different zones
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User way. Therefore, if a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 master serving a parent
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User zone has child stub zones configured, all the slave
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User servers for the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User parent zone also need to have the same child stub
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User Stub zones can also be used as a way of forcing the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User of a given domain to use a particular set of
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User authoritative servers.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User For example, the caching name servers on a private
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User network using
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User RFC1918 addressing may be configured with stub zones
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User to use a set of internal name servers as the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User authoritative
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User servers for that domain.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User A "forward zone" is a way to configure
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User forwarding on a per-domain basis. A <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> can
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User contain a <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User and/or <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User which will apply to queries within the domain given by
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User name. If no <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User statement is present or
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User an empty list for <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span> is given, then no
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User forwarding will be done for the domain, canceling the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User any forwarders in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement. Thus
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User if you want to use this type of zone to change the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User behavior of the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User global <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> option
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User (that is, "forward first"
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User to, then "forward only", or vice versa, but want to
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User servers as set globally) you need to re-specify the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User global forwarders.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The initial set of root name servers is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User specified using a "hint zone". When the server starts
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the root hints to find a root name server and get the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User list of root name servers. If no hint zone is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User specified for class
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User IN, the server uses a compiled-in default set of root
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User servers hints.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User Classes other than IN have no built-in defaults hints.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User This is used to enforce the delegation-only
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User status of infrastructure zones (e.g. COM, NET, ORG).
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User Any answer that
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User is received without an explicit or implicit delegation
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User in the authority
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User section will be treated as NXDOMAIN. This does not
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User apply to the zone
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User apex. This should not be applied to leaf zones.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="varname">delegation-only</code> has no
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User effect on answers received
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User from forwarders.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<a name="id2588130"></a>Class</h4></div></div></div>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The zone's name may optionally be followed by a class. If
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User a class is not specified, class <code class="literal">IN</code> (for <code class="varname">Internet</code>),
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User is assumed. This is correct for the vast majority of cases.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The <code class="literal">hesiod</code> class is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User named for an information service from MIT's Project Athena. It
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User used to share information about various systems databases, such
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User as users, groups, printers and so on. The keyword
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User a synonym for hesiod.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User Another MIT development is Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User in the mid-1970s. Zone data for it can be specified with the <code class="literal">CHAOS</code> class.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<a name="id2588163"></a>Zone Options</h4></div></div></div>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User See the description of
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User See the description of
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User See the description of
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span></span></dt>
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater Specifies a "Simple Secure Update" policy. See
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater Only meaningful if <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span>
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater active for this zone. The set of machines that will
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater <code class="literal">DNS NOTIFY</code> message
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for this zone is made up of all the listed name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the primary master) for the zone plus any IP addresses
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater with <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>. A port
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User may be specified
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User with each <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User address to send the notify
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User messages to a port other than the default of 53.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> is not
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User meaningful for stub zones.
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater The default is the empty list.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater This option is used to restrict the character set and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein received from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network. The default varies according to zone type. For <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>. For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span>
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User zones the default is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater See the description of
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the type of database to be used for storing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone data. The string following the <span><strong class="command">database</strong></span> keyword
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is interpreted as a list of whitespace-delimited words.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The first word
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identifies the database type, and any subsequent words are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as arguments to the database to be interpreted in a way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the database type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>"rbt"</code></strong>, BIND 9's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein native in-memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein red-black-tree database. This database does not take
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Other values are possible if additional database drivers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have been linked into the server. Some sample drivers are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the distribution but none are linked in by default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The flag only applies to hint and stub zones. If set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the zone will also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treated as if it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is also a delegation-only type zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only meaningful if the zone has a forwarders
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list. The <span><strong class="command">only</strong></span> value causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the lookup to fail
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein after trying the forwarders and getting no answer, while <span><strong class="command">first</strong></span> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allow a normal lookup to be tried.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used to override the list of global forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If it is not specified in a zone of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein no forwarding is done for the zone and the global options are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce specify the name
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce of the transaction log (journal) file for dynamic update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and constructs the name of the journal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file by appending "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the name of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-tmp-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Was an undocumented option in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Ignored in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">journal</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow the default journal's filename to be overridden.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the zone's filename with "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>" appended.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews This is applicable to <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pubkey</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein intended for specifying
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a public zone key for verification of signatures in DNSSEC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones when they are loaded from disk. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 does not verify signatures
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on load and ignores the option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will keep
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information for this zone, which can be dumped to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> defined in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server options.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater See the description of
4e243fdc6b33a6371208b48d64912d8e327b4f5cAndreas Gustafsson <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce See the description of
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater See the description of
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater See the description of
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce See the description of
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="dynamic_update_policies"></a>Dynamic Update Policies</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 supports two alternative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein methods of granting clients the right to perform
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein dynamic updates to a zone, configured by the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> option, respectively.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> clause works the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein same way as in previous versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It grants given clients the permission to update any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record of any name in the zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> clause is new
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 and allows more fine-grained
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control over what updates are allowed. A set of rules
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is specified, where each rule either grants or denies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permissions for one or more names to be updated by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one or more identities. If the dynamic update request
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein message is signed (that is, it includes either a TSIG
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or SIG(0) record), the identity of the signer can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Rules are specified in the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone option, and are only meaningful for master zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is present, it is a configuration error for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> statement to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein present. The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only examines the signer of a message; the source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address is not relevant.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is how a rule definition looks:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein( <span><strong class="command">grant</strong></span> | <span><strong class="command">deny</strong></span> ) <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>types</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each rule grants or denies privileges. Once a message has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein successfully matched a rule, the operation is immediately
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or denied and no further rules are examined. A rule is matched
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the signer matches the identity field, the name matches the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name field in accordance with the nametype field, and the type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the types specified in the type field.
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt No signer is required for <em class="replaceable"><code>tcp-self</code></em>
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt or <em class="replaceable"><code>6to4-self</code></em> however the standard
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater reverse mapping / prefix conversion must match the identity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The identity field specifies a name or a wildcard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name. Normally, this is the name of the TSIG or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein SIG(0) key used to sign the update request. When a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TKEY exchange has been used to create a shared secret,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the identity of the shared secret is the same as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identity of the key used to authenticate the TKEY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exchange. TKEY is also the negotiation method used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by GSS-TSIG, which establishes an identity that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the Kerberos principal of the client, such as
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <strong class="userinput"><code>"user@host.domain"</code></strong>. When the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce a wildcard name, it is subject to DNS wildcard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expansion, so the rule will apply to multiple identities.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field must
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contain a fully-qualified domain name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> field has 12
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">name</code>, <code class="varname">subdomain</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">wildcard</code>, <code class="varname">self</code>,
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater <code class="varname">selfsub</code>, <code class="varname">selfwild</code>,
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>, <code class="varname">ms-self</code>,
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>,
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater <code class="varname">ms-subdomain</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">tcp-self</code> and <code class="varname">6to4-self</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Exact-match semantics. This rule matches
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User when the name being updated is identical
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the contents of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field.
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User This rule matches when the name being updated
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User is a subdomain of, or identical to, the
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User contents of the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is subject to DNS wildcard expansion, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this rule matches when the name being updated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name is a valid expansion of the wildcard.
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater This rule matches when the name being updated
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater matches the contents of the
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is ignored, but should be the same as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="varname">self</code> nametype is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein most useful when allowing using one key per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name to update, where the key has the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name as the name to be updated. The
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified as <code class="constant">*</code> (an asterisk) in
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater except that subdomains of <code class="varname">self</code>
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater can also be updated.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater except that only subdomains of
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <code class="varname">self</code> can be updated.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Allow updates that have been sent via TCP and
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater for which the standard mapping from the initiating
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater IP address into the IN-ADDR.ARPA and IP6.ARPA
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater namespaces match the name to be updated.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Allow the 6to4 prefix to be update by any TCP
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater conection from the 6to4 network or from the
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User corresponding IPv4 address. This is intended
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User to allow NS or DNAME RRsets to be added to the
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User reverse tree.
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater In all cases, the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify a fully-qualified domain name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no types are explicitly specified, this rule matches all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein types except
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRSIG, NS, SOA, and NSEC. Types may be specified by name, including
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "ANY" (ANY matches all types except NSEC, which can never be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that when an attempt is made to delete all records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name, the rules are checked for each existing record type.
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User<a name="id2590001"></a>Zone File</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them"></a>Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</h3></div></div></div>
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater This section, largely borrowed from RFC 1034, describes the
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater concept of a Resource Record (RR) and explains when each is used.
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater Since the publication of RFC 1034, several new RRs have been
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater and implemented in the DNS. These are also included.
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2590019"></a>Resource Records</h4></div></div></div>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater A domain name identifies a node. Each node has a set of
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater resource information, which may be empty. The set of resource
9c716f839c5dc2a9e236dada3af83b03e863078bTinderbox User information associated with a particular name is composed of
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User separate RRs. The order of RRs in a set is not significant and
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User need not be preserved by name servers, resolvers, or other
87ff79ee66e85519d7f75195a5345e5f5e09c895Automatic Updater parts of the DNS. However, sorting of multiple RRs is
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User permitted for optimization purposes, for example, to specify
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User that a particular nearby server be tried first. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a> and <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The components of a Resource Record are:
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The domain name where the RR is found.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User An encoded 16-bit value that specifies
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater the type of the resource record.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater The time-to-live of the RR. This field
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater is a 32-bit integer in units of seconds, and is
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater primarily used by
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater resolvers when they cache RRs. The TTL describes how
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User long a RR can
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User be cached before it should be discarded.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater An encoded 16-bit value that identifies
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews a protocol family or instance of a protocol.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The resource data. The format of the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews data is type (and sometimes class) specific.
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater The following are <span class="emphasis"><em>types</em></span> of valid RRs:
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User A host address. In the IN class, this is a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews 32-bit IP address. Described in RFC 1035.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User IPv6 address. Described in RFC 1886.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User IPv6 address. This can be a partial
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User address (a suffix) and an indirection to the name
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User where the rest of the
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User address (the prefix) can be found. Experimental.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User Described in RFC 2874.
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User Location of AFS database servers.
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
c60ee6edf129596fa04db86c6865d75b5a412598Tinderbox User Address prefix list. Experimental.
d6984fd680db88faad5be52edef2416dd20488baTinderbox User Described in RFC 3123.
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User Holds a digital certificate.
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User Described in RFC 2538.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User Identifies the canonical name of an alias.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User Described in RFC 1035.
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User Replaces the domain name specified with
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User another name to be looked up, effectively aliasing an
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User subtree of the domain name space rather than a single
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User as in the case of the CNAME RR.
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User Described in RFC 2672.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stores a public key associated with a signed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Stores the hash of a public key associated with a
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User signed DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the global position. Superseded by LOC.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Identifies the CPU and OS used by a host.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1035.
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater Representation of ISDN addresses.
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stores a public key associated with a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS name. Used in original DNSSEC; replaced
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by DNSKEY in DNSSECbis, but still used with
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews SIG(0). Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater Identifies a key exchanger for this
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews DNS name. Described in RFC 2230.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater For storing GPS info. Described in RFC 1876.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater Identifies a mail exchange for the domain with
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater a 16-bit preference value (lower is better)
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater followed by the host name of the mail exchange.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater Described in RFC 974, RFC 1035.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Name authority pointer. Described in RFC 2915.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User A network service access point.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Described in RFC 1706.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User The authoritative name server for the
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User domain. Described in RFC 1035.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User existing name.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Described in RFC 4034.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Used in DNSSEC to securely indicate that
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater existing name.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Used in original DNSSEC; replaced by NSEC in
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater Described in RFC 2535.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews A pointer to another part of the domain
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews name space. Described in RFC 1035.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Provides mappings between RFC 822 and X.400
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews addresses. Described in RFC 2163.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Information on persons responsible
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews for the domain. Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Contains DNSSECbis signature data. Described
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Route-through binding for hosts that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein do not have their own direct wide area network
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Contains DNSSEC signature data. Used in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein original DNSSEC; replaced by RRSIG in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews DNSSECbis, but still used for SIG(0).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Identifies the start of a zone of authority.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1035.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Information about well known network
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews services (replaces WKS). Described in RFC 2782.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Text records. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Information about which well known
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network services, such as SMTP, that a domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports. Historical.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Representation of X.25 network addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The following <span class="emphasis"><em>classes</em></span> of resource records
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User are currently valid in the DNS:
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created at MIT in the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Rarely used for its historical purpose, but reused for
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater built-in server information zones, e.g.,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <code class="literal">version.bind</code>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Hesiod, an information service
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater developed by MIT's Project Athena. It is used to share
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater about various systems databases, such as users,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater groups, printers
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The owner name is often implicit, rather than forming an
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater part of the RR. For example, many name servers internally form
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater or hash structures for the name space, and chain RRs off nodes.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The remaining RR parts are the fixed header (type, class, TTL)
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater which is consistent for all RRs, and a variable part (RDATA)
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater fits the needs of the resource being described.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The meaning of the TTL field is a time limit on how long an
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater RR can be kept in a cache. This limit does not apply to
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater data in zones; it is also timed out, but by the refreshing
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater for the zone. The TTL is assigned by the administrator for the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater zone where the data originates. While short TTLs can be used to
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater minimize caching, and a zero TTL prohibits caching, the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater of Internet performance suggest that these times should be on
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater order of days for the typical host. If a change can be
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the TTL can be reduced prior to the change to minimize
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater during the change, and then increased back to its former value
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The data in the RDATA section of RRs is carried as a combination
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater of binary strings and domain names. The domain names are
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater used as "pointers" to other data in the DNS.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="id2591501"></a>Textual expression of RRs</h4></div></div></div>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater RRs are represented in binary form in the packets of the DNS
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater protocol, and are usually represented in highly encoded form
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater stored in a name server or resolver. In the examples provided
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater RFC 1034, a style similar to that used in master files was
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater in order to show the contents of RRs. In this format, most RRs
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater are shown on a single line, although continuation lines are
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater using parentheses.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The start of the line gives the owner of the RR. If a line
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater begins with a blank, then the owner is assumed to be the same as
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater that of the previous RR. Blank lines are often included for
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Following the owner, we list the TTL, type, and class of the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater RR. Class and type use the mnemonics defined above, and TTL is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater an integer before the type field. In order to avoid ambiguity
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater parsing, type and class mnemonics are disjoint, TTLs are
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User and the type mnemonic is always last. The IN class and TTL
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User are often omitted from examples in the interests of clarity.
b68a2d272b958eb2c40cce59ee33e71c5f5f521bTinderbox User The resource data or RDATA section of the RR are given using
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater knowledge of the typical representation for the data.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater For example, we might show the RRs carried in a message as:
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <code class="literal">10 VENERA.ISI.EDU.</code>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The MX RRs have an RDATA section which consists of a 16-bit
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User number followed by a domain name. The address RRs use a
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User IP address format to contain a 32-bit internet address.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User The above example shows six RRs, with two RRs at each of three
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Similarly we might see:
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">XX.LCS.MIT.EDU.</code>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User This example shows two addresses for
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <code class="literal">XX.LCS.MIT.EDU</code>, each of a different class.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User<a name="id2592022"></a>Discussion of MX Records</h3></div></div></div>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User As described above, domain servers store information as a
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User series of resource records, each of which contains a particular
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User piece of information about a given domain name (which is usually,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User but not always, a host). The simplest way to think of a RR is as
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User a typed pair of data, a domain name matched with a relevant datum,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User and stored with some additional type information to help systems
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User determine when the RR is relevant.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User MX records are used to control delivery of email. The data
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User specified in the record is a priority and a domain name. The
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User controls the order in which email delivery is attempted, with the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User lowest number first. If two priorities are the same, a server is
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User chosen randomly. If no servers at a given priority are responding,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the mail transport agent will fall back to the next largest
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Priority numbers do not have any absolute meaning — they are
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User only respective to other MX records for that domain name. The
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User name given is the machine to which the mail will be delivered.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It <span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> have an associated address record
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User (A or AAAA) — CNAME is not sufficient.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater For a given domain, if there is both a CNAME record and an
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater MX record, the MX record is in error, and will be ignored.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the mail will be delivered to the server specified in the MX
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User pointed to by the CNAME.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <code class="literal">mail.example.com.</code>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User <code class="literal">mail2.example.com.</code>
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User <code class="literal">mail.backup.org.</code>
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">mail.example.com.</code>
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">mail2.example.com.</code>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Mail delivery will be attempted to <code class="literal">mail.example.com</code> and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <code class="literal">mail2.example.com</code> (in
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User any order), and if neither of those succeed, delivery to <code class="literal">mail.backup.org</code> will
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User be attempted.
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User<a name="Setting_TTLs"></a>Setting TTLs</h3></div></div></div>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The time-to-live of the RR field is a 32-bit integer represented
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User in units of seconds, and is primarily used by resolvers when they
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User cache RRs. The TTL describes how long a RR can be cached before it
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User should be discarded. The following three types of TTL are
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User used in a zone file.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User The last field in the SOA is the negative
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User caching TTL. This controls how long other servers will
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User cache no-such-domain
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User (NXDOMAIN) responses from you.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User The maximum time for
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User negative caching is 3 hours (3h).
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User The $TTL directive at the top of the
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User zone file (before the SOA) gives a default TTL for every
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User a specific TTL set.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Each RR can have a TTL as the second
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User field in the RR, which will control how long other
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User servers can cache
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User All of these TTLs default to units of seconds, though units
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User can be explicitly specified, for example, <code class="literal">1h30m</code>.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User<a name="id2592710"></a>Inverse Mapping in IPv4</h3></div></div></div>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Reverse name resolution (that is, translation from IP address
95d0bdf2b427478c4a8ed8e06f9e316c7880140eTinderbox User to name) is achieved by means of the <span class="emphasis"><em>in-addr.arpa</em></span> domain
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User and PTR records. Entries in the in-addr.arpa domain are made in
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User least-to-most significant order, read left to right. This is the
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User opposite order to the way IP addresses are usually written. Thus,
a87f0e88e2a56b68070024ed095a80efaedf9c13Tinderbox User a machine with an IP address of 10.1.2.3 would have a
95d0bdf2b427478c4a8ed8e06f9e316c7880140eTinderbox User corresponding
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User 3.2.1.10.in-addr.arpa. This name should have a PTR resource record
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User whose data field is the name of the machine or, optionally,
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User PTR records if the machine has more than one name. For example,
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User in the [<span class="optional">example.com</span>] domain:
95d0bdf2b427478c4a8ed8e06f9e316c7880140eTinderbox User <code class="literal">2.1.10.in-addr.arpa</code>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <code class="literal">IN PTR foo.example.com.</code>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> lines in the examples
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User are for providing context to the examples only — they do not
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User appear in the actual usage. They are only used here to indicate
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User that the example is relative to the listed origin.
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User<a name="id2592837"></a>Other Zone File Directives</h3></div></div></div>
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User The Master File Format was initially defined in RFC 1035 and
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User has subsequently been extended. While the Master File Format
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User is class independent all records in a Master File must be of the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Master File Directives include <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User and <span><strong class="command">$TTL.</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<a name="id2592859"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>domain-name</code></em>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User sets the domain name that will be appended to any
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User unqualified records. When a zone is first read in there
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User is an implicit <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <<code class="varname">zone-name</code>><span><strong class="command">.</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended to
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the domain specified in the <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User argument if it is not absolute.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox UserWWW CNAME MAIN-SERVER
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User is equivalent to
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox UserWWW.EXAMPLE.COM. CNAME MAIN-SERVER.EXAMPLE.COM.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<a name="id2592920"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em> </span>]
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Read and process the file <code class="filename">filename</code> as
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User if it were included into the file at this point. If <span><strong class="command">origin</strong></span> is
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User specified the file is processed with <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> set
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User to that value, otherwise the current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User The origin and the current domain name
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User revert to the values they had prior to the <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> once
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the file has been read.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User RFC 1035 specifies that the current origin should be restored
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User an <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>, but it is silent
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User on whether the current
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User domain name should also be restored. BIND 9 restores both of
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User This could be construed as a deviation from RFC 1035, a
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User feature, or both.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<a name="id2592989"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>default-ttl</code></em>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Set the default Time To Live (TTL) for subsequent records
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User with undefined TTLs. Valid TTLs are of the range 0-2147483647
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User is defined in RFC 2308.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<a name="id2593026"></a><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</h3></div></div></div>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>range</code></em>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>lhs</code></em>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>rhs</code></em>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User is used to create a series of resource records that only
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User differ from each other by an
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User iterator. <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> can be used to
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User easily generate the sets of records required to support
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User sub /24 reverse delegations described in RFC 2317:
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN 0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User$GENERATE 1-2 0 NS SERVER$.EXAMPLE.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User$GENERATE 1-127 $ CNAME $.0</pre>
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User is equivalent to
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA NS SERVER1.EXAMPLE.
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User1.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 1.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User2.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 2.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User127.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 127.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">range</strong></span></p>
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User This can be one of two forms: start-stop
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User or start-stop/step. If the first form is used, then step
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User 1. All of start, stop and step must be positive.
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span></p>
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User describes the owner name of the resource records
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User to be created. Any single <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span>
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User (dollar sign)
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User symbols within the <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> side
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User are replaced by the iterator value.
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User To get a $ in the output, you need to escape the
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> using a backslash
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">\</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein e.g. <span><strong class="command">\$</strong></span>. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> may optionally be followed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by modifiers which change the offset from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein iterator, field width and base.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Modifiers are introduced by a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">{</strong></span> (left brace) immediately following the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> as
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">${offset[,width[,base]]}</strong></span>.
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User For example, <span><strong class="command">${-20,3,d}</strong></span>
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User subtracts 20 from the current value, prints the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein result as a decimal in a zero-padded field of
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User Available output forms are decimal
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews (<span><strong class="command">d</strong></span>), octal
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User (<span><strong class="command">o</strong></span>) and hexadecimal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">x</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">X</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for uppercase). The default modifier is
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">${0,0,d}</strong></span>. If the
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> is not absolute, the
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User For compatibility with earlier versions, <span><strong class="command">$$</strong></span> is still
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater recognized as indicating a literal $ in the output.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the time-to-live of the generated records. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not specified this will be inherited using the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein normal ttl inheritance rules.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews entered in either order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the class of the generated records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This must match the zone class if it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">type</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At present the only supported types are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein PTR, CNAME, DNAME, A, AAAA and NS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span> is a domain name. It is processed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein similarly to lhs.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> directive is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> extension
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and not part of the standard zone file format.
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater BIND 8 does not support the optional TTL and CLASS fields.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zonefile_format"></a>Additional File Formats</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In addition to the standard textual format, BIND 9
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports the ability to read or dump to zone files in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein other formats. The <code class="constant">raw</code> format is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein currently available as an additional format. It is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein binary format representing BIND 9's internal data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein structure directly, thereby remarkably improving the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loading time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a primary server, a zone file in the
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User <code class="constant">raw</code> format is expected to be
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User generated from a textual zone file by the
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. For a
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User secondary server or for a dynamic zone, it is automatically
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User generated (if this format is specified by the
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> option) when
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> dumps the zone contents after
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User zone transfer or when applying prior updates.
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User If a zone file in a binary format needs manual modification,
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User it first must be converted to a textual form by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. All
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein necessary modification should go to the text file, which
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews should then be converted to the binary form by the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command again.
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User Although the <code class="constant">raw</code> format uses the
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User network byte order and avoids architecture-dependent
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User data alignment so that it is as much portable as
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User possible, it is primarily expected to be used inside
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User the same single system. In order to export a zone
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format or make a
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User portable backup of the file, it is recommended to
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User convert the file to the standard textual representation.
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