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bec154197d3d640b0d5b416cd5218ea58dca5d3aTinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<title>Chapter�6.�BIND 9 Configuration Reference</title>
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71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</th></tr>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<a name="Bv9ARM.ch06"></a>Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2573585">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574155"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574482"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574842"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574859"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574883"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574906"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2574997"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2575191"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576571"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576645"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576709"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576753"><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2576768"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2585053"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2585805"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2585857"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2585939"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2587457"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2590113">Zone File</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592091">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592848">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592974">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2593163"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_counters">Statistics Counters</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration is broadly similar
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8; however, there are a few new
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews of configuration, such as views. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews 8 configuration files should work with few alterations in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9, although more complex configurations should be reviewed to check
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews if they can be more efficiently implemented using the new features
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews found in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4 configuration files can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein converted to the new format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the shell script
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <code class="filename">contrib/named-bootconf/named-bootconf.sh</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="configuration_file_elements"></a>Configuration File Elements</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following is a list of elements used throughout the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file documentation:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name of an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defined by the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>, <code class="varname">key_id</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="varname">acl_name</code> elements, see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A named list of one or more <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews with optional <code class="varname">key_id</code> and/or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A <code class="varname">masters_list</code> may include other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a DNS name, for example "<code class="literal">my.test.domain</code>".
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater One to four integers valued 0 through
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater 255 separated by dots (`.'), such as <span><strong class="command">123</strong></span>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">45.67</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">89.123.45.67</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv4 address with exactly four elements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <code class="varname">dotted_decimal</code> notation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv6 address, such as <span><strong class="command">2001:db8::1234</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 scoped addresses that have ambiguity on their
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein scope zones must be disambiguated by an appropriate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone ID with the percent character (`%') as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delimiter. It is strongly recommended to use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein string zone names rather than numeric identifiers,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in order to be robust against system configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changes. However, since there is no standard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein mapping for such names and identifier values,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein currently only interface names as link identifiers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported, assuming one-to-one mapping between
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces and links. For example, a link-local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address <span><strong class="command">fe80::1</strong></span> on the link
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein attached to the interface <span><strong class="command">ne0</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be specified as <span><strong class="command">fe80::1%ne0</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that on most systems link-local addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein always have the ambiguity, and need to be
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews disambiguated.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews An <code class="varname">ip4_addr</code> or <code class="varname">ip6_addr</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="varname">number</code> is limited to 0
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through 65535, with values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below 1024 typically restricted to use by processes running
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In some cases, an asterisk (`*') character can be used as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein placeholder to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein select a random high-numbered port.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User An IP network specified as an <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>,
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User followed by a slash (`/') and then the number of bits in the
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Trailing zeros in a <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, <span><strong class="command">127/8</strong></span> is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">127.0.0.0</strong></span> with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein netmask <span><strong class="command">255.0.0.0</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0/28</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network <span><strong class="command">1.2.3.0</strong></span> with netmask <span><strong class="command">255.255.255.240</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When specifying a prefix involving a IPv6 scoped address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the scope may be omitted. In that case the prefix will
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews match packets from any scope.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">domain_name</code> representing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name of a shared key, to be used for transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews separated by semicolons and ending with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A non-negative 32-bit integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (i.e., a number between 0 and 4294967295, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Its acceptable value might further
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be limited by the context in which it is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a pathname, such as <code class="filename">zones/master/my.test.domain</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A number, the word <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the word <strong class="userinput"><code>default</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <code class="varname">unlimited</code> <code class="varname">size_spec</code> requests unlimited
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use, or the maximum available amount. A <code class="varname">default size_spec</code> uses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the limit that was in force when the server was started.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">number</code> can optionally be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by a scaling factor:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>K</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>k</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for kilobytes,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>M</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>m</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for megabytes, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>G</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>g</code></strong> for gigabytes,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which scale by 1024, 1024*1024, and 1024*1024*1024
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The value must be representable as a 64-bit unsigned integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (0 to 18446744073709551615, inclusive).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Using <code class="varname">unlimited</code> is the best
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to safely set a really large number.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Either <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The words <strong class="userinput"><code>true</code></strong> and <strong class="userinput"><code>false</code></strong> are
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater also accepted, as are the numbers <strong class="userinput"><code>1</code></strong>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and <strong class="userinput"><code>0</code></strong>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">dialup_option</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One of <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in a zone, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>, and <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are restricted to slave and stub zones.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<a name="address_match_lists"></a>Address Match Lists</h3></div></div></div>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<a name="id2573363"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><code class="varname">address_match_list</code> = address_match_list_element ;
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> address_match_list_element; ... </span>]
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<code class="varname">address_match_list_element</code> = [<span class="optional"> ! </span>] (ip_address [<span class="optional">/length</span>] |
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User key key_id | acl_name | { address_match_list } )
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<a name="id2573390"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews control for various server operations. They are also used in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User statements. The elements which constitute an address match
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User list can be any of the following:
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User a key ID, as defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<li>the name of an address match list defined with
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>a nested address match list enclosed in braces</li>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Elements can be negated with a leading exclamation mark (`!'),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the match list names "any", "none", "localhost", and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "localnets" are predefined. More information on those names
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be found in the description of the acl statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The addition of the key clause made the name of this syntactic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element something of a misnomer, since security keys can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to validate access without regard to a host or network address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Nonetheless, the term "address match list" is still used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein throughout the documentation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a given IP address or prefix is compared to an address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match list, the comparison takes place in approximately O(1)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. However, key comparisons require that the list of keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be traversed until a matching key is found, and therefore may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be somewhat slower.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used for access control, defining listen-on ports, or in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sortlist, and whether the element was negated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used as an access control list, a non-negated match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allows access and a negated match denies access. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein there is no match, access is denied. The clauses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span> all use address match
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User lists. Similarly, the listen-on option will cause the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to refuse queries on any of the machine's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses which do not match the list.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Order of insertion is significant. If more than one element
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in an ACL is found to match a given IP address or prefix,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein preference will be given to the one that came
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> in the ACL definition.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Because of this first-match behavior, an element that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a subset of another element in the list should
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein come before the broader element, regardless of whether
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein either is negated. For example, in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">1.2.3/24; ! 1.2.3.13;</strong></span>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews the 1.2.3.13 element is completely useless because the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews algorithm will match any lookup for 1.2.3.13 to the 1.2.3/24
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element. Using <span><strong class="command">! 1.2.3.13; 1.2.3/24</strong></span> fixes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that problem by having 1.2.3.13 blocked by the negation, but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all other 1.2.3.* hosts fall through.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2573585"></a>Comment Syntax</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 comment syntax allows for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comments to appear
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein anywhere that whitespace may appear in a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. To appeal to programmers of all kinds, they can be written
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2573600"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">/* This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C */</pre>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">// This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C++</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"># This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in common UNIX shells and perl</pre>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<a name="id2573629"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater Comments may appear anywhere that whitespace may appear in
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration file.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews C-style comments start with the two characters /* (slash,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews star) and end with */ (star, slash). Because they are completely
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews delimited with these characters, they can be used to comment only
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews a portion of a line or to span multiple lines.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews C-style comments cannot be nested. For example, the following
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews is not valid because the entire comment ends with the first */:
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">/* This is the start of a comment.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews This is still part of the comment.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater/* This is an incorrect attempt at nesting a comment. */
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews This is no longer in any comment. */
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews C++-style comments start with the two characters // (slash,
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews For example:
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">// This is the start of a comment. The next line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein// is a new comment, even though it is logically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein// part of the previous comment.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Shell-style (or perl-style, if you prefer) comments start
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the character <code class="literal">#</code> (number sign)
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews and continue to the end of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein physical line, as in C++ comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"># This is the start of a comment. The next line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein# is a new comment, even though it is logically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein# part of the previous comment.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You cannot use the semicolon (`;') character
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to start a comment such as you would in a zone file. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein semicolon indicates the end of a configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Configuration_File_Grammar"></a>Configuration File Grammar</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration consists of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements and comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statements end with a semicolon. Statements and comments are the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only elements that can appear without enclosing braces. Many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements contain a block of sub-statements, which are also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein terminated with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following statements are supported:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching list, for access control and other uses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares control channels to be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span></p>
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce includes a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies key information for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authentication and authorization using TSIG.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies what the server logs, and where
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews the log messages are sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configures <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also act as a light-weight resolver daemon (<span><strong class="command">lwresd</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named masters list for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inclusion in stub and slave zone masters clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls global server configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options and sets defaults for other statements.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares communication channels to get access to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> statistics.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sets certain configuration options on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a per-server basis.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines trusted DNSSEC keys.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statements may only occur once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574155"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> acl-name {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address_match_list
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<a name="acl"></a><span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> statement assigns a symbolic
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater name to an address match list. It gets its name from a primary
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater use of address match lists: Access Control Lists (ACLs).
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews Note that an address match list's name must be defined
c6d486af36165da7eb970354981d145249e342e4Mark Andrews with <span><strong class="command">acl</strong></span> before it can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein elsewhere; no forward references are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following ACLs are built-in:
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">any</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches all hosts.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">none</strong></span></p>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Matches no hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of all network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces on the system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches any host on an IPv4 or IPv6 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the system has an interface.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Some systems do not provide a way to determine the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In such a case, <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only matches the local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 addresses, just like <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<a name="id2574482"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ] allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> }
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ unix <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> perm <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> owner <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> group <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> keys { <em class="replaceable"><code>key_list</code></em> }; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ unix ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="controls_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement declares control
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels to be used by system administrators to control the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation of the name server. These control channels are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used by the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> utility to send
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein commands to and retrieve non-DNS results from a name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you will only use <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> on the local host,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the loopback address (<code class="literal">127.0.0.1</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="literal">::1</code>) is recommended for maximum security.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no port is specified, port 953 is used. The asterisk
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The ability to issue commands over the control channel is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein restricted by the <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Connections to the control channel are permitted based on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>. This is for simple
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IP address based filtering only; any <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein elements of the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <span><strong class="command">unix</strong></span> control channel is a UNIX domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein socket listening at the specified path in the file system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Access to the socket is specified by the <span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">owner</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">group</strong></span> clauses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note on some platforms (SunOS and Solaris) the permissions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">perm</strong></span>) are applied to the parent directory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as the permissions on the socket itself are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary authorization mechanism of the command
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel is the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contains a list of <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span>s.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> in the <span><strong class="command">key_list</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is authorized to execute commands over the control channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#rndc">Remote Name Daemon Control application</a> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#admin_tools" title="Administrative Tools">the section called “Administrative Tools”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for information about configuring keys in <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement is present,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will set up a default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control channel listening on the loopback address 127.0.0.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and its IPv6 counterpart ::1.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In this case, and also when the <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is present but does not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will attempt to load the command channel key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the file <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc</code> (or whatever <code class="varname">sysconfdir</code>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User was specified as when <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> was built).
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User To create a <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file, run
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong>.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature was created to
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User ease the transition of systems from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8,
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User which did not have digital signatures on its command channel
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User messages and thus did not have a <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User It makes it possible to use an existing <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User configuration file in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 unchanged,
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User and still have <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> work the same way
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span> worked in BIND 8, simply by executing the
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User command <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong> after BIND 9 is
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User Since the <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User is only intended to allow the backward-compatible usage of
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 configuration files, this
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User feature does not
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User have a high degree of configurability. You cannot easily change
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User the key name or the size of the secret, so you should make a
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> with your own key if you
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User wish to change
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User those things. The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User permissions set such that only the owner of the file (the user that
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is running as) can access it.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User desire greater flexibility in allowing other users to access
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> commands, then you need to create
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> file and make it group
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User readable by a group
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User that contains the users who should have access.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User To disable the command channel, use an empty
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement:
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">controls { };</strong></span>.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<a name="id2574842"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>;</pre>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User<a name="id2574859"></a><span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span> statement inserts the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified file at the point where the <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is encountered. The <span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User statement facilitates the administration of configuration
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater by permitting the reading or writing of some things but not
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater others. For example, the statement could include private keys
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that are readable only by the name server.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<a name="id2574883"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein algorithm <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein secret <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2574906"></a><span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement defines a shared
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews secret key for use with TSIG (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the command channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Usage”</a>).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement can occur at the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews of the configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. Keys defined in top-level <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statements can be used in all views. Keys intended for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> statement
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>)
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews must be defined at the top level.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>, also known as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name, is a domain name uniquely identifying the key. It can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in a <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews statement to cause requests sent to that
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews server to be signed with this key, or in address match lists to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews verify that incoming requests have been signed with a key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this name, algorithm, and secret.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em> is a string
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that specifies a security/authentication algorithm. Named
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews supports <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code> TSIG authentication.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Truncated hashes are supported by appending the minimum
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews number of required bits preceded by a dash, e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em> is the secret
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used by the algorithm, and is treated as a base-64
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein encoded string.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2574997"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ( <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>path name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> | <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> ) ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>size spec</code></em> ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>syslog_facility</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein | <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> );
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [ <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> (<code class="option">critical</code> | <code class="option">error</code> | <code class="option">warning</code> | <code class="option">notice</code> |
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="option">info</code> | <code class="option">debug</code> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em> ] | <code class="option">dynamic</code> ); ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews [ <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> <code class="option">yes</code> or <code class="option">no</code>; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>category_name</code></em> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; [ <em class="replaceable"><code>channel_name</code></em> ; ... ]
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<a name="id2575191"></a><span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement configures a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein variety of logging options for the name server. Its <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associates output methods, format options and severity levels with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a name that can then be used with the <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to select how various classes of messages are logged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only one <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as many channels and categories as are wanted. If there is no <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the logging configuration will be:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category unmatched { null; };
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the logging configuration
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews is only established when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the entire configuration file has been parsed. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, it was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein established as soon as the <span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was parsed. When the server is starting up, all logging messages
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews regarding syntax errors in the configuration file go to the default
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews channels, or to standard error if the "<code class="option">-g</code>" option
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews was specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2575243"></a>The <span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews All log output goes to one or more <span class="emphasis"><em>channels</em></span>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you can make as many of them as you want.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Every channel definition must include a destination clause that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein says whether messages selected for the channel go to a file, to a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein particular syslog facility, to the standard error stream, or are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discarded. It can optionally also limit the message severity level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that will be accepted by the channel (the default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span>), and whether to include a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>-generated time stamp, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and/or severity level (the default is not to include any).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein causes all messages sent to the channel to be discarded;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that case, other options for the channel are meaningless.
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">file</strong></span> destination clause directs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to a disk file. It can include limitations
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce both on how large the file is allowed to become, and how many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file will be saved each time the file is opened.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User If you use the <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> log file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will retain that many backup
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein versions of the file by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renaming them when opening. For example, if you choose to keep
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein three old versions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file <code class="filename">lamers.log</code>, then just
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before it is opened
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code> is renamed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.2</code>, <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code> is renamed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code>, and <code class="filename">lamers.log</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renamed to <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You can say <span><strong class="command">versions unlimited</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the number of versions.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option is associated with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log file,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then renaming is only done when the file being opened exceeds the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated size. No backup versions are kept by default; any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log file is simply appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> option for files is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to limit log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein growth. If the file ever exceeds the size, then <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop writing to the file unless it has a <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with it. If backup versions are kept, the files are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein described above and a new one begun. If there is no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> option, no more data will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be written to the log
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews until some out-of-band mechanism removes or truncates the log to
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews less than the
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews maximum size. The default behavior is not to limit the size of
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews Example usage of the <span><strong class="command">size</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">versions</strong></span> options:
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">channel an_example_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "example.log" versions 3 size 20m;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print-time yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print-category yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the system log. Its argument is a
9aafbfaefbfcaef713dddbf4e83807c282f07b88Tinderbox User syslog facility as described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> man
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein page. Known facilities are <span><strong class="command">kern</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">user</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">mail</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">auth</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">lpr</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">news</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">uucp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">cron</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">authpriv</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ftp</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local0</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local1</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local2</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local3</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local4</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local5</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">local6</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">local7</strong></span>, however not all facilities
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce are supported on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all operating systems.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> will handle messages
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce this facility is described in the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> man
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce page. If you have a system which uses a very old version of <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only uses two arguments to the <span><strong class="command">openlog()</strong></span> function,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then this clause is silently ignored.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">severity</strong></span> clause works like <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>'s
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "priorities", except that they can also be used if you are writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein straight to a file rather than using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages which are not at least of the severity level given will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be selected for the channel; messages of higher severity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you are using <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span>, then the <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> priorities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will also determine what eventually passes through. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defining a channel facility and severity as <span><strong class="command">daemon</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span> but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only logging <span><strong class="command">daemon.warning</strong></span> via <span><strong class="command">syslog.conf</strong></span> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause messages of severity <span><strong class="command">info</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notice</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be dropped. If the situation were reversed, with <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> writing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages of only <span><strong class="command">warning</strong></span> or higher,
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson then <span><strong class="command">syslogd</strong></span> would
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson print all messages it received from the channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">stderr</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the server's standard error stream. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use when the server is running as a foreground process, for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when debugging a configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server can supply extensive debugging information when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is in debugging mode. If the server's global debug level is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than zero, then debugging mode will be active. The global debug
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User level is set either by starting the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the <code class="option">-d</code> flag followed by a positive integer,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or by running <span><strong class="command">rndc trace</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The global debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be set to zero, and debugging mode turned off, by running <span><strong class="command">rndc
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinnotrace</strong></span>. All debugging messages in the server have a debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level, and higher debug levels give more detailed output. Channels
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that specify a specific debug severity, for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel specific_debug_level {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity debug 3;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will get debugging output of level 3 or less any time the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server is in debugging mode, regardless of the global debugging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level. Channels with <span><strong class="command">dynamic</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's global debug level to determine what messages to print.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> has been turned on,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and time will be logged. <span><strong class="command">print-time</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified for a <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> channel,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but is usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointless since <span><strong class="command">syslog</strong></span> also prints
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. If <span><strong class="command">print-category</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requested, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category of the message will be logged as well. Finally, if <span><strong class="command">print-severity</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on, then the severity level of the message will be logged. The <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in any combination, and will always be printed in the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews order: time, category, severity. Here is an example where all
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews three <span><strong class="command">print-</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">28-Feb-2000 15:05:32.863 general: notice: running</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are four predefined channels that are used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>'s default logging as follows.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_category_phrase" title="The category Phrase">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel default_syslog {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein syslog daemon; // send to syslog's daemon
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info; // only send priority info
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // and higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel default_debug {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // the working directory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Note: stderr is used instead
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // if the server is started
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // with the '-f' option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity dynamic; // log at the server's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // current debug level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel default_stderr {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stderr; // writes to stderr
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info; // only send priority info
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // and higher
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinchannel null {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce null; // toss anything sent to
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce // this channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">default_debug</strong></span> channel has the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein property that it only produces output when the server's debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein nonzero. It normally writes to a file called <code class="filename">named.run</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the server's working directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For security reasons, when the "<code class="option">-u</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option is used, the <code class="filename">named.run</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is created only after <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changed to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein new UID, and any debug output generated while <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein starting up and still running as root is discarded. If you need
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to capture this output, you must run the server with the "<code class="option">-g</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option and redirect standard error to a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once a channel is defined, it cannot be redefined. Thus you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot alter the built-in channels directly, but you can modify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default logging by pointing categories at channels you have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="the_category_phrase"></a>The <span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are many categories, so you can send the logs you want
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to see wherever you want, without seeing logs you don't want. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you don't specify a list of channels for a category, then log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that category will be sent to the <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span> category
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instead. If you don't specify a default category, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "default default" is used:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As an example, let's say you want to log security events to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a file, but you also want keep the default logging behavior. You'd
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel my_security_channel {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file "my_security_file";
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity info;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeincategory security {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein my_security_channel;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default_syslog;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default_debug;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To discard all messages in a category, specify the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category xfer-out { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeincategory notify { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following are the available categories and brief descriptions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the types of log information they contain. More
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews categories may be added in future <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> releases.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">default</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default category defines the logging
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options for those categories where no specific
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration has been
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">general</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The catch-all. Many things still aren't
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein classified into categories, and they all end up here.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages relating to the databases used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein internally by the name server to store zone and cache
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">security</strong></span></p>
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson Approval and denial of requests.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">config</strong></span></p>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater Configuration file parsing and processing.
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson <p><span><strong class="command">resolver</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS resolution, such as the recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lookups performed on behalf of clients by a caching name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-in</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is receiving.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">xfer-out</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers the server is sending.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The NOTIFY protocol.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">client</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Processing of client requests.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce <p><span><strong class="command">unmatched</strong></span></p>
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson Messages that named was unable to determine the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class of or for which there was no matching <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A one line summary is also logged to the <span><strong class="command">client</strong></span> category.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default it is sent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">null</strong></span> channel.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">network</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Network operations.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic updates.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">update-security</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Approval and denial of update requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify where queries should be logged to.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At startup, specifying the category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span> will also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enable query logging unless <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> option has been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The query log entry reports the client's IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address and port number, and the query name,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class and type. It also reports whether the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Recursion Desired flag was set (+ if set, -
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if not set), if the query was signed (S),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS was in use (E), if DO (DNSSEC Ok) was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set (D), or if CD (Checking Disabled) was set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#62536: query: www.example.com IN AAAA +SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">client ::1#62537: query: www.example.net IN AAAA -SE</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dispatch</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dispatching of incoming packets to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server modules where they are to be processed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">dnssec</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC and TSIG protocol processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lame-servers</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Lame servers. These are misconfigurations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in remote servers, discovered by BIND 9 when trying to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein those servers during resolution.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Delegation only. Logs queries that have have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein been forced to NXDOMAIN as the result of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delegation-only zone or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a <span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span> in a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hint or stub zone declaration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">edns-disabled</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Log queries that have been forced to use plain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS due to timeouts. This is often due to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the remote servers not being RFC 1034 compliant
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (not always returning FORMERR or similar to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein EDNS queries and other extensions to the DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when they are not understood). In other words, this is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein targeted at servers that fail to respond to
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater DNS queries that they don't understand.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: the log message can also be due to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein packet loss. Before reporting servers for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-RFC 1034 compliance they should be re-tested
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to determine the nature of the non-compliance.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This testing should prevent or reduce the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of false-positive reports.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: eventually named will have to stop
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein treating such timeouts as due to RFC 1034 non
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compliance and start treating it as plain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein packet loss. Falsely classifying packet
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loss as due to RFC 1034 non compliance impacts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on DNSSEC validation which requires EDNS for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the DNSSEC records to be returned.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576571"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> listen-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> view <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> search { <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ndots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576645"></a><span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statement configures the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to also act as a lightweight resolver server. (See
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#lwresd" title="Running a Resolver Daemon">the section called “Running a Resolver Daemon”</a>.) There may be multiple
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">lwres</strong></span> statements configuring
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lightweight resolver servers with different properties.
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statement specifies a
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews addresses (and ports) that this instance of a lightweight resolver
919c99b7a47dadd4564eb2b48be2f59216d932fcAutomatic Updater should accept requests on. If no port is specified, port 921 is
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews If this statement is omitted, requests will be accepted on
64affc54f96a2c71cbd10ed71e246ce0746259aaAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement binds this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instance of a
47b6d855e3a569e46ec2481dd1abb62e99752817Mark Andrews lightweight resolver daemon to a view in the DNS namespace, so that
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater response will be constructed in the same manner as a normal DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this view. If this statement is omitted, the default view
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater used, and if there is no default view, an error is triggered.
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
3c9cf7efb97991f9871bc5633e7ed1cae0932a37Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">search</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It provides a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of domains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which are appended to relative names in queries.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ndots</strong></span> statement in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It indicates the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater number of dots in a relative domain name that should result in an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater exact match lookup before search path elements are appended.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576709"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576753"></a><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lists allow for a common set of masters to be easily used by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple stub and slave zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2576768"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> version <em class="replaceable"><code>version_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> hostname <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> server-id <em class="replaceable"><code>server_id_string</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
cbf7f1435f332b31f51a98611ccbfcd07c42c032Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> named-xfer <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tkey-gssapi-credential <em class="replaceable"><code>principal</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tkey-domain <em class="replaceable"><code>domainname</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> tkey-dhkey <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_tag</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> cache-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dump-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> memstatistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> memstatistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pid-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> recursing-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> statistics-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> auth-nxdomain <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> deallocate-on-exit <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> fake-iquery <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> fetch-glue <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> flush-zones-on-shutdown <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> has-old-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> host-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> host-statistics-max <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> minimal-responses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> multiple-cnames <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> recursion <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> rfc2308-type1 <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> use-id-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-validation <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-lookaside <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> trust-anchor <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-must-be-secure <em class="replaceable"><code>domain yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dnssec-accept-expired <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forward ( <em class="replaceable"><code>only</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>first</code></em> ); </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> dual-stack-servers [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] {
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews ( <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] |
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ) ;
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews ... }; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-names ( <em class="replaceable"><code>master</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>slave</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>response</code></em> )
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-mx ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-mx-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-srv-cname ( <em class="replaceable"><code>warn</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>fail</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ignore</code></em> ); </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> check-sibling <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
12351e0500dff39f56844401fd191a36bcc4a7adMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> allow-query-cache-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-recursion-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> allow-v6-synthesis { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> blackhole { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> avoid-v4-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> avoid-v6-udp-ports { <em class="replaceable"><code>port_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> listen-on [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> listen-on-v6 [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> </span>] { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> query-source ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] |
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] ) ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 ( ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> )
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] |
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] ) ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> tcp-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> recursive-clients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> serial-query-rate <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> serial-queries <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> tcp-listen-queue <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfers-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfers-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfers-per-ns <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-journal-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> coresize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> datasize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> files <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> stacksize <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> heartbeat-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> interface-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> statistics-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> topology { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sortlist { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }</span>];
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> rrset-order { <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>order_spec</code></em> ; ... </span>] </span>] };
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> lame-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-ncache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-cache-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-re-signing-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-roots <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> use-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> treat-cr-as-space <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> additional-from-auth <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> additional-from-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> random-device <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-cache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> match-mapped-addresses <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> preferred-glue ( <em class="replaceable"><code>A</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>AAAA</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>NONE</code></em> ); </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> root-delegation-only [<span class="optional"> exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>namelist</code></em> } </span>] ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> querylog <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> disable-algorithms <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>; </span>] }; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> acache-cleaning-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-acache-size <em class="replaceable"><code>size_spec</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> max-clients-per-query <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> empty-server <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> empty-contact <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> empty-zones-enable <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> disable-empty-zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<a name="options"></a><span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement sets up global
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to be used by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>. This statement
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater may appear only
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater once in a configuration file. If there is no <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater statement, an options block with each option set to its default will
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">directory</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The working directory of the server.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Any non-absolute pathnames in the configuration file will be
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as relative to this directory. The default location for most
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater output files (e.g. <code class="filename">named.run</code>)
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater is this directory.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If a directory is not specified, the working directory
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater defaults to `<code class="filename">.</code>', the directory from
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater which the server
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater was started. The directory specified should be an absolute
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater When performing dynamic update of secure zones, the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater directory where the public and private key files should be
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater if different than the current working directory. The
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater directory specified
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater must be an absolute path.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete.</em></span> It
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to specify
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the pathname to the <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater program. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, no separate
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-xfer</strong></span> program is needed;
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater its functionality is built into the name server.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-gssapi-credential</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The security credential with which the server should
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater authenticate keys requested by the GSS-TSIG protocol.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Currently only Kerberos 5 authentication is available
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater and the credential is a Kerberos principal which
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the server can acquire through the default system
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater key file, normally <code class="filename">/etc/krb5.keytab</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Normally this principal is of the form
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater "<strong class="userinput"><code>dns/</code></strong><code class="varname">server.domain</code>".
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater To use GSS-TSIG, <span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater must also be set.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-domain</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The domain appended to the names of all shared keys
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater generated with <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. When a
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater client requests a <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span> exchange,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater it may or may not specify the desired name for the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater key. If present, the name of the shared key will
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater will be <code class="varname">client specified part</code> +
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>. Otherwise, the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater name of the shared key will be <code class="varname">random hex
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater digits</code> + <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In most cases, the <span><strong class="command">domainname</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater should be the server's domain name, or an otherwise
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater non-existent subdomain like
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater "_tkey.<code class="varname">domainname</code>". If you are
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater using GSS-TSIG, this variable must be defined.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tkey-dhkey</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The Diffie-Hellman key used by the server
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to generate shared keys with clients using the Diffie-Hellman
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater of <span><strong class="command">TKEY</strong></span>. The server must be
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater able to load the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater public and private keys from files in the working directory.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater most cases, the keyname should be the server's host name.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cache-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is for testing only. Do not use.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dump-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server dumps
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the database to when instructed to do so with
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">rndc dumpdb</strong></span>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named_dump.db</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server writes memory
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater usage statistics to on exit. If not specified,
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the default is <code class="filename">named.memstats</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pid-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater in. If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">/var/run/named.pid</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pid-file is used by programs that want to send signals to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater name server. Specifying <span><strong class="command">pid-file none</strong></span> disables the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater use of a PID file — no file will be written and any
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater existing one will be removed. Note that <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater is a keyword, not a filename, and therefore is not enclosed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater double quotes.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursing-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server dumps
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the queries that are currently recursing when instructed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to do so with <span><strong class="command">rndc recursing</strong></span>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.recursing</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file the server appends statistics
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to when instructed to do so using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.stats</code> in the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater server's current directory. The format of the file is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">port</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The UDP/TCP port number the server uses for
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater receiving and sending DNS protocol traffic.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The default is 53. This option is mainly intended for server
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater a server using a port other than 53 will not be able to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater communicate with
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the global DNS.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The source of entropy to be used by the server. Entropy is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater primarily needed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater for DNSSEC operations, such as TKEY transactions and dynamic
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater update of signed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater zones. This options specifies the device (or file) from which
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater entropy. If this is a file, operations requiring entropy will
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater file has been exhausted. If not specified, the default value
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater (or equivalent) when present, and none otherwise. The
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">random-device</strong></span> option takes
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the initial configuration load at server startup time and
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater is ignored on subsequent reloads.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">preferred-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater If specified, the listed type (A or AAAA) will be emitted
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater before other glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the additional section of a query response.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is not to prefer any type (NONE).
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">root-delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Turn on enforcement of delegation-only in TLDs (top level domains) and root zones
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with an optional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exclude list.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note some TLDs are not delegation only (e.g. "DE", "LV", "US"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and "MUSEUM").
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein root-delegation-only exclude { "de"; "lv"; "us"; "museum"; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disable the specified DNSSEC algorithms at and below the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews specified name.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Multiple <span><strong class="command">disable-algorithms</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements are allowed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only the most specific will be applied.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When set, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein provides the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein validator with an alternate method to validate DNSKEY records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or below a domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein deepest <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the normal dnssec validation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor will be append to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name and a DLV record will be looked up to see if it can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein validate the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key. If the DLV record validates a DNSKEY (similarly to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record does) the DNSKEY RRset is deemed to be trusted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-must-be-secure</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify hierarchies which must be or may not be secure (signed and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then named will only accept
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers if they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then normal dnssec validation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowing for insecure answers to be accepted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The specified domain must be under a <span><strong class="command">trusted-key</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> must be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="boolean_options"></a>Boolean Options</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the <span><strong class="command">AA</strong></span> bit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is always set on NXDOMAIN responses, even if the server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not actually
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User authoritative. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>;
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User a change from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8. If you
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater are using very old DNS software, you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may need to set it to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">deallocate-on-exit</strong></span></span></dt>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8 to enable checking
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for memory leaks on exit. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option and always performs
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">memstatistics</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Write memory statistics to the file specified by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">memstatistics-file</strong></span> at exit.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> unless
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User '-m record' is specified on the command line in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which case it is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server treats all zones as if they are doing zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a dial-on-demand dialup link, which can be brought up by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein originating from this server. This has different effects
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to zone type and concentrates the zone maintenance so that
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews happens in a short interval, once every <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hopefully during the one call. It also suppresses some of
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews zone maintenance traffic. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> option
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater may also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> and
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements,
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater in which case it overrides the global <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews If the zone is a master zone, then the server will send out a
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User request to all the slaves (default). This should trigger the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number check in the slave (providing it supports NOTIFY)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowing the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to verify the zone while the connection is active.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The set of servers to which NOTIFY is sent can be controlled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is a slave or stub zone, then the server will suppress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "zone up to date" (refresh) queries and only perform them
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span> expires in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addition to sending
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NOTIFY requests.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater Finer control can be achieved by using
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong> which only sends NOTIFY
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong> which sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages and
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews suppresses the normal refresh queries, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which suppresses normal refresh processing and sends refresh
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User when the <span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong> which just disables normal
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein normal refresh
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater heart-beat refresh
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater heart-beat notify
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> (default)</p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span></p>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></p>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">refresh</strong></span></p>
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">passive</strong></span></p>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User <p><span><strong class="command">notify-passive</strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Note that normal NOTIFY processing is not affected by
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span>.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fake-iquery</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User enabled simulating the obsolete DNS query type
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User IQUERY. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 never does
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User IQUERY simulation.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User This option is obsolete.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User In BIND 8, <strong class="userinput"><code>fetch-glue yes</code></strong>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User caused the server to attempt to fetch glue resource records
0c487f4b6eade1440ea40f5a5ffc9b5fd4c41ed1Mark Andrews didn't have when constructing the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data section of a response. This is now considered a bad
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and BIND 9 never does it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the nameserver exits due receiving SIGTERM,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein flush or do not flush any pending zone writes. The default
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was incorrectly implemented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, and is ignored by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To achieve the intended effect
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">has-old-clients</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, specify
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the two separate options <span><strong class="command">auth-nxdomain</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater and <span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> instead.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater In BIND 8, this enables keeping of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater statistics for every host that the name server interacts
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Not implemented in BIND 9.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">maintain-ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater It was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater determine whether a transaction log was
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater kept for Incremental Zone Transfer. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains a transaction
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater log whenever possible. If you need to disable outgoing
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater incremental zone
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater transfers, use <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">minimal-responses</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when generating
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater responses the server will only add records to the authority
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater and additional data sections when they are required (e.g.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater delegations, negative responses). This may improve the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater performance of the server.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multiple-cnames</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to allow
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater a domain name to have multiple CNAME records in violation of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the DNS standards. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.2 onwards
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater always strictly enforces the CNAME rules both in master
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater files and dynamic updates.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> (the default),
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater DNS NOTIFY messages are sent when a zone the server is
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater authoritative for
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater changes, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#notify" title="Notify">the section called “Notify”</a>. The messages are
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater servers listed in the zone's NS records (except the master
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater server identified
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater in the SOA MNAME field), and to any servers listed in the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> option.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>master-only</code></strong>, notifies are only
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater for master zones.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>explicit</code></strong>, notifies are sent only
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater servers explicitly listed using <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, no notifies are sent.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> option may also be
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater in which case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options notify</strong></span> statement.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater It would only be necessary to turn off this option if it
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> do not check the nameservers
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater in the NS RRset against the SOA MNAME. Normally a NOTIFY
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater message is not sent to the SOA MNAME (SOA ORIGIN) as it is
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater supposed to contain the name of the ultimate master.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Sometimes, however, a slave is listed as the SOA MNAME in
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater hidden master configurations and in that case you would
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater want the ultimate master to still send NOTIFY messages to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater all the nameservers listed in the NS RRset.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS query requests recursion, then the server will attempt
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all the work required to answer the query. If recursion is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the server does not already know the answer, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referral response. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that setting <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> does not prevent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients from getting data from the server's cache; it only
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews prevents new data from being cached as an effect of client
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Caching may still occur as an effect the server's internal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation, such as NOTIFY address lookups.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See also <span><strong class="command">fetch-glue</strong></span> above.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">rfc2308-type1</strong></span></span></dt>
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater Setting this to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> will
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater cause the server to send NS records along with the SOA
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater record for negative
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater answers. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User Not yet implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-id-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 always allocates query
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User IDs from a pool.
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will collect
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User statistical data on all zones (unless specifically turned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on a per-zone basis by specifying <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement).
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews These statistics may be accessed
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews using <span><strong class="command">rndc stats</strong></span>, which will
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews dump them to the file listed
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews in the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span>. See
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews also <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater If you need to disable IXFR to a particular server or
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater the information on the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Usage”</a>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#incremental_zone_transfers" title="Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)">the section called “Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)”</a>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater See the description of
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> in
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater Usage”</a>.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Usage”</a>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">treat-cr-as-space</strong></span></span></dt>
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews the server treat carriage return ("<span><strong class="command">\r</strong></span>") characters the same way
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews as a space or tab character,
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews to facilitate loading of zone files on a UNIX system that
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews were generated
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews on an NT or DOS machine. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, both UNIX "<span><strong class="command">\n</strong></span>"
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews and NT/DOS "<span><strong class="command">\r\n</strong></span>" newlines
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater are always accepted,
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater and the option is ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-auth</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options control the behavior of an authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering queries which have additional data, or when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein following CNAME
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and DNAME chains.
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews When both of these options are set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews (the default) and a
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews query is being answered from authoritative data (a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configured into the server), the additional data section of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reply will be filled in using data from other authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and from the cache. In some situations this is undesirable,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as when there is concern over the correctness of the cache,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in servers where slave zones may be added and modified by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein untrusted third parties. Also, avoiding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the search for this additional data will speed up server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at the possible expense of additional queries to resolve
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise be provided in the additional section.
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater For example, if a query asks for an MX record for host <code class="literal">foo.example.com</code>,
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater and the record found is "<code class="literal">MX 10 mail.example.net</code>", normally the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records (A and AAAA) for <code class="literal">mail.example.net</code> will be provided as well,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if known, even though they are not in the example.com zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting these options to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables this behavior and makes
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews the server only search for additional data in the zone it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers from.
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews These options are intended for use in authoritative-only
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews servers, or in authoritative-only views. Attempts to set
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews them to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> without also
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">recursion no</strong></span> will cause the
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews ignore the options and log a warning message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span> actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables the use of the cache not only for additional data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but also when looking up the answer. This is usually the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews behavior in an authoritative-only server where the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein correctness of
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater the cached data is an issue.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater When a name server is non-recursively queried for a name
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater below the apex of any served zone, it normally answers with
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater "upwards referral" to the root servers or the servers of
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater known parent of the query name. Since the data in an
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater upwards referral
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater comes from the cache, the server will not be able to provide
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater referrals when <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache no</strong></span>
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater has been specified. Instead, it will respond to such
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater with REFUSED. This should not cause any problems since
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater upwards referrals are not required for the resolution
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">match-mapped-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater IPv4-mapped IPv6 address will match any address match
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater list entries that match the corresponding IPv4 address.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Enabling this option is sometimes useful on IPv6-enabled
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater systems, to work around a kernel quirk that causes IPv4
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater TCP connections such as zone transfers to be accepted
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater on an IPv6 socket using mapped addresses, causing
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater address match lists designed for IPv4 to fail to match.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The use of this option for any other purpose is discouraged.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater When <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and the server loads a new version of a master
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater zone from its zone file or receives a new version of a slave
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater file by a non-incremental zone transfer, it will compare
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater the new version to the previous one and calculate a set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of differences. The differences are then logged in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone's journal file such that the changes can be transmitted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to downstream slaves as an incremental zone transfer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By allowing incremental zone transfers to be used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-dynamic zones, this option saves bandwidth at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expense of increased CPU and memory consumption at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In particular, if the new version of a zone is completely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein different from the previous one, the set of differences
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be of a size comparable to the combined size of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein old and new zone version, and the server will need to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein temporarily allocate memory to hold this complete
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein difference set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also accepts <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> at the view and options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein levels which causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> to apply to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones respectively.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses refer to different machines. If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, named will
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews when the serial number on the master is less than what named
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Enable DNSSEC support in named. Unless set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater named behaves as if it does not support DNSSEC.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enable DNSSEC validation in named.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note <span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> to be effective.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Accept expired signatures when verifying DNSSEC signatures.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Setting this option to "yes" leaves named vulnerable to replay attacks.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Specify whether query logging should be started when named
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">querylog</strong></span> is not specified,
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater then the query logging
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater is determined by the presence of the logging category <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater This option is used to restrict the character set and syntax
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater from the network. The default varies according to usage
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones the default
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater For answers received from the network (<span><strong class="command">response</strong></span>)
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater the default is <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rules for legal hostnames and mail domains are derived
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews from RFC 952 and RFC 821 as modified by RFC 1123.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein applies to the owner names of A, AAAA and MX records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It also applies to the domain names in the RDATA of NS, SOA
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User and MX records.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User It also applies to the RDATA of PTR records where the owner
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name indicated that it is a reverse lookup of a hostname
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (the owner name ends in IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA, or IP6.INT).
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Check whether the MX record appears to refer to a IP address.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>. Other possible
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User values are <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span> and
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">ignore</strong></span>.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User This option is used to check for non-terminal wildcards.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User The use of non-terminal wildcards is almost always as a
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User result of a failure
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034).
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User affects master zones. The default (<span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>) is to check
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User for non-terminal wildcards and issue a warning.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Perform post load zone integrity checks on master
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User zones. This checks that MX and SRV records refer
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User to address (A or AAAA) records and that glue
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User address records exist for delegated zones. For
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User MX and SRV records only in-zone hostnames are
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User checked (for out-of-zone hostnames use named-checkzone).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For NS records only names below top of zone are
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater checked (for out-of-zone names and glue consistency
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater checks use named-checkzone). The default is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater fail, warn or ignore MX records that refer
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-srv-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater fail, warn or ignore SRV records that refer
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater to CNAMES. The default is to <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater When performing integrity checks, also check that
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater sibling glue exists. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater When returning authoritative negative responses to
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater SOA queries set the TTL of the SOA recored returned in
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater the authority section to zero.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater When caching a negative response to a SOA query
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater set the TTL to zero.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater When regenerating the RRSIGs following a UPDATE
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater request to a secure zone, check the KSK flag on
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater the DNSKEY RR to determine if this key should be
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater used to generate the RRSIG. This flag is ignored
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater if there are not DNSKEY RRs both with and without
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater Try to refresh the zone using TCP if UDP queries fail.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater For BIND 8 compatibility, the default is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<a name="id2581005"></a>Forwarding</h4></div></div></div>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater name servers. It can also be used to allow queries by servers that
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater do not have direct access to the Internet, but wish to look up
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater names anyway. Forwarding occurs only on those queries for which
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater the server is not authoritative and does not have the answer in
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater This option is only meaningful if the
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater forwarders list is not empty. A value of <code class="varname">first</code>,
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater the default, causes the server to query the forwarders
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater first — and
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater if that doesn't answer the question, the server will then
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater the answer itself. If <code class="varname">only</code> is
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater specified, the
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater server will only query the forwarders.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater Specifies the IP addresses to be used
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater for forwarding. The default is the empty list (no
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater Forwarding can also be configured on a per-domain basis, allowing
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater for the global forwarding options to be overridden in a variety
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater of ways. You can set particular domains to use different
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater or have a different <span><strong class="command">forward only/first</strong></span> behavior,
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater or not forward at all, see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater Statement Grammar”</a>.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater<a name="id2581064"></a>Dual-stack Servers</h4></div></div></div>
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater problems in reachability due the lack of support for either IPv4
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater on the host machine.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span></span></dt>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Specifies host names or addresses of machines with access to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater both IPv4 and IPv6 transports. If a hostname is used, the
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater server must be able
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater to resolve the name using only the transport it has. If the
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater machine is dual
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater stacked, then the <span><strong class="command">dual-stack-servers</strong></span> have no effect unless
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater access to a transport has been disabled on the command line
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater (e.g. <span><strong class="command">named -4</strong></span>).
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater<a name="access_control"></a>Access Control</h4></div></div></div>
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Access to the server can be restricted based on the IP address
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater of the requesting system. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a> for
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater details on how to specify IP address lists.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater notify this server, a slave, of zone changes in addition
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater to the zone masters.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> may also be
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater specified in the
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement, in which case
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater it overrides the
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">options allow-notify</strong></span>
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater statement. It is only meaningful
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater for a slave zone. If not specified, the default is to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater process notify messages
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater only from a zone's master.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater Specifies which hosts are allowed to ask ordinary
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater DNS questions. <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> may
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater statement, in which case it overrides the
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">options allow-query</strong></span> statement.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is to allow queries
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater from all hosts.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is now
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater used to specify access to the cache.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater Specifies which local addresses can accept ordinary
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater DNS questions. This makes it possible, for instance,
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater to allow queries on internal-facing interfaces but
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater disallow them on external-facing ones, without
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater necessarily knowing the internal network's addresses.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> may
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User statement, in which case it overrides the
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">options allow-query-on</strong></span> statement.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User If not specified, the default is to allow queries
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User on all addresses.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User used to specify access to the cache.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Specifies which hosts are allowed to get answers
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User from the cache. If <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User is not set then <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User is used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User is used if set, otherwise the default
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache-on</strong></span></span></dt>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Specifies which local addresses can give answers
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User from the cache. If not specified, the default is
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User to allow cache queries on any address,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">localnets</strong></span> and
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">localhost</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to make recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries through this server. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-recursion</strong></span> is not set
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater then <span><strong class="command">allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater used if set, otherwise <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater is used if set, otherwise the default
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater (<span><strong class="command">localnets;</strong></span>
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-recursion-on</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which local addresses can accept recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein queries. If not specified, the default is to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursive queries on all addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein submit Dynamic DNS updates for master zones. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein updates from all hosts. Note that allowing updates based
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the requestor's IP address is insecure; see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a> for details.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews submit Dynamic DNS updates to slave zones to be forwarded to
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater master. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong>,
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews means that no update forwarding will be performed. To
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews update forwarding, specify
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>allow-update-forwarding { any; };</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying values other than <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>{ any; }</code></strong> is usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein counterproductive, since
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the responsibility for update access control should rest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein master server, not the slaves.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that enabling the update forwarding feature on a slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may expose master servers relying on insecure IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein access control to attacks; see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for more details.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-v6-synthesis</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was introduced for the smooth transition from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to A6 and from "nibble labels" to binary labels.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, since both A6 and binary labels were then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this option was also deprecated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is now ignored with some warning messages.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein receive zone transfers from the server. <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also be specified in the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein case it overrides the <span><strong class="command">options allow-transfer</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow transfers to all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">blackhole</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a list of addresses that the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server will not accept queries from or use to resolve a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query. Queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from these addresses will not be responded to. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2581560"></a>Interfaces</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from may be specified using the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option. <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> takes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an optional port, and an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will listen on all interfaces allowed by the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match list. If a port is not specified, port 53 will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> statements are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on { 5.6.7.8; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will enable the name server on port 53 for the IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 5.6.7.8, and on port 1234 of an address on the machine in net
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1.2 that is not 1.2.3.4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> is specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server will listen on port 53 on all IPv4 interfaces.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the interfaces and the ports on which the server will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for incoming queries sent using IPv6.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server does not bind a separate socket to each IPv6 interface
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address as it does for IPv4 if the operating system has enough API
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein support for IPv6 (specifically if it conforms to RFC 3493 and RFC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it listens on the IPv6 wildcard address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the system only has incomplete API support for IPv6, however,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the behavior is the same as that for IPv4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of particular IPv6 addresses can also be specified, in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server listens on a separate socket for each specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regardless of whether the desired API is supported by the system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Multiple <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> options can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinlisten-on-v6 port 1234 { !2001:db8::/32; any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will enable the name server on port 53 for any IPv6 addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (with a single wildcard socket),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and on port 1234 of IPv6 addresses that is not in the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 2001:db8::/32 (with separate sockets for each matched address.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To make the server not listen on any IPv6 address, use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { none; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, the server will not listen on any IPv6 address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unless <span><strong class="command">-6</strong></span> is specified when named is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein invoked. If <span><strong class="command">-6</strong></span> is specified then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein named will listen on port 53 on all IPv6 interfaces by default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="query_address"></a>Query Address</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the server doesn't know the answer to a question, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query other name servers. <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the address and port used for such queries. For queries sent over
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6, there is a separate <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">address</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> (asterisk) or is omitted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a wildcard IP address (<span><strong class="command">INADDR_ANY</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">*</strong></span> or is omitted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a pool of random unprivileged ports will be used. See the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-ports</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span> options below for how the pool
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is configured.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to prevent named
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from selecting certain ports.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The defaults are:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">query-source address * port *;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinquery-source-v6 address * port *;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-queryport-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Enable the use of query port pools. By default query port
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pools are enabled unless there is a explicit port defined
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-ports</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify how many pool ports to use. The default is 8.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify how often, in minutes, that the queryport pool
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be recreated (new ports selected). The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is 15 minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The address specified in the <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used for both UDP and TCP queries, but the port applies only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to UDP queries. TCP queries always use a random
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unprivileged port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See also <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_transfers"></a>Zone Transfers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> has mechanisms in place to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein facilitate zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and set limits on the amount of load that transfers place on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system. The following options apply to zone transfers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Defines a global list of IP addresses of name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are also sent NOTIFY messages whenever a fresh copy of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is loaded, in addition to the servers listed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone's NS records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This helps to ensure that copies of the zones will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein quickly converge on stealth servers. If an <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is given in a <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will override
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">options also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. When a <span><strong class="command">zone notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>, the IP
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews addresses in the global <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> list will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be sent NOTIFY messages for that zone. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list (no global notification list).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews (1 hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Slave servers will periodically query master servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to find out if zone serial numbers have changed. Each such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a minute amount of the slave server's network bandwidth. To
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein amount of bandwidth used, BIND 9 limits the rate at which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sent. The value of the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews an integer, is the maximum number of queries sent per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 20.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the maximum number of concurrent serial number queries
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews allowed to be outstanding at any given time.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews BIND 9 does not limit the number of outstanding
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews serial queries and ignores the <span><strong class="command">serial-queries</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it limits the rate at which the queries are sent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as defined using the <span><strong class="command">serial-query-rate</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers can be sent using two different formats,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the master server to determine which format it sends.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span> uses one DNS message per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource record transferred.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs as many resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records as possible into a message.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is more efficient, but is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only supported by relatively new slave servers,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein such as <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8.x and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.5 onwards.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> format is also supported by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recent Microsoft Windows nameservers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> may be overridden on a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-in</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein speed up the convergence
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of slave zones, but it also may increase the load on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local system.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of outbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. Zone transfer requests in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the limit will be refused. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span></span></dt>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews that can be concurrently transferring from a given remote
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews name server.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews The default value is <code class="literal">2</code>.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews Increasing <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews speed up the convergence of slave zones, but it also may
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews the load on the remote name server. <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> may
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews be overridden on a per-server basis by using the <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determines which local address will be bound to IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TCP connections used to fetch zones transferred
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inbound by the server. It also determines the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source IPv4 address, and optionally the UDP port,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used for the refresh queries and forwarded dynamic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein updates. If not set, it defaults to a system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controlled value which will usually be the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the interface "closest to" the remote end. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address must appear in the remote end's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span> option for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone being transferred, if one is specified. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> for all zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but can be overridden on a per-view or per-zone
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User basis by including a
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> statement within
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> or
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> block in the configuration
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The same as <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except zone transfers are performed using IPv6.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you do not wish the alternate transfer source
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews to be used, you should set
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appropriately and you should not depend upon
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein getting a answer back to the first refresh
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> fails and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Use the alternate transfer sources or not. If views are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified this defaults to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise it defaults to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> (for BIND 8
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compatibility).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determines which local source address, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein optionally UDP port, will be used to send NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages. This address must appear in the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> zone clause or
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews in an <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> clause. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement sets the <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all zones, but can be overridden on a per-zone or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-view basis by including a
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> statement within
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source address for TCP sockets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Like <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but applies to notify messages sent to IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582670"></a>Bad UDP Port Lists</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> specify a list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of IPv4 and IPv6 UDP ports that will not be used as system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein assigned source ports for UDP sockets. These lists
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prevent named from choosing as its random source port a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein port that is blocked by your firewall. If a query went
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein out with such a source port, the answer would not get by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the firewall and the name server would have to query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582685"></a>Operating System Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server's usage of many system resources can be limited.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Scaled values are allowed when specifying resource limits. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein example, <span><strong class="command">1G</strong></span> can be used instead of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">1073741824</strong></span> to specify a limit of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein gigabyte. <span><strong class="command">unlimited</strong></span> requests
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unlimited use, or the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum available amount. <span><strong class="command">default</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein uses the limit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that was in force when the server was started. See the description
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <span><strong class="command">size_spec</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements" title="Configuration File Elements">the section called “Configuration File Elements”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following options set operating system resource limits for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name server process. Some operating systems don't support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any of the limits. On such systems, a warning will be issued if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unsupported limit is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">coresize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum size of a core dump. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">datasize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of data memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is a hard limit on server memory usage.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the server attempts to allocate memory in excess of this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limit, the allocation will fail, which may in turn leave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server unable to perform DNS service. Therefore,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this option is rarely useful as a way of limiting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein amount of memory used by the server, but it can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to raise an operating system data size limit that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein too small by default. If you wish to limit the amount
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of memory used by the server, use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options instead.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">files</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of files the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may have open concurrently. The default is <code class="literal">unlimited</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">stacksize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of stack memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2582869"></a>Server Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater The following options set limits on the server's
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater resource consumption that are enforced internally by the
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater server rather than the operating system.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ixfr-log-size</strong></span></span></dt>
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater This option is obsolete; it is accepted
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater and ignored for BIND 8 compatibility. The option
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span> performs a
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater similar function in BIND 9.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Sets a maximum size for each journal file
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#journal" title="The journal file">the section called “The journal file”</a>). When the journal file
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater the specified size, some of the oldest transactions in the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater will be automatically removed. The default is
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host-statistics-max</strong></span></span></dt>
996dbb19570bb25601a3611db5d59ccda0a064c5Automatic Updater In BIND 8, specifies the maximum number of host statistics
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater entries to be kept.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Not implemented in BIND 9.
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The maximum number of simultaneous recursive lookups
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater the server will perform on behalf of clients. The default
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">1000</code>. Because each recursing
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater client uses a fair
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater bit of memory, on the order of 20 kilobytes, the value of
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span> option may
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater have to be decreased
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater on hosts with limited memory.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The maximum number of simultaneous client TCP
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater connections that the server will accept.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The default is <code class="literal">100</code>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater The maximum amount of memory to use for the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater server's cache, in bytes. When the amount of data in the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater reaches this limit, the server will cause records to expire
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater prematurely so that the limit is not exceeded. In a server
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater multiple views, the limit applies separately to the cache of
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater view. The default is <code class="literal">32M</code>.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">tcp-listen-queue</strong></span></span></dt>
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User The listen queue depth. The default and minimum is 3.
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User If the kernel supports the accept filter "dataready" this
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User also controls how
2cc7515f8a0c2f5f86ec85a853c7cb855b3d9536Tinderbox User many TCP connections that will be queued in kernel space
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User some data before being passed to accept. Values less than 3
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein silently raised.
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater<a name="id2583002"></a>Periodic Task Intervals</h4></div></div></div>
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater This interval is effectively obsolete. Previously,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server would remove expired resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the cache every <span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 now manages cache
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein memory in a more sophisticated manner and does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein rely on the periodic cleaning any more.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying this option therefore has no effect on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server's behavior.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">heartbeat-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will perform zone maintenance tasks
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for all zones marked as <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> whenever this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interval expires. The default is 60 minutes. Reasonable
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are up
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to 1 day (1440 minutes). The maximum value is 28 days
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no zone maintenance for these zones will occur.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater The server will scan the network interface list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein every <span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is 60 minutes. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, interface scanning will only occur when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the configuration file is loaded. After the scan, the
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater begin listening for queries on any newly discovered
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces (provided they are allowed by the
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> configuration), and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop listening on interfaces that have gone away.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Name server statistics will be logged
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews every <span><strong class="command">statistics-interval</strong></span>
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews minutes. The default is
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews 60. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews If set to 0, no statistics will be logged.
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater Not yet implemented in
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<a name="topology"></a>Topology</h4></div></div></div>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews All other things being equal, when the server chooses a name
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater to query from a list of name servers, it prefers the one that is
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater topologically closest to itself. The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater takes an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews interprets it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a special way. Each top-level list element is assigned a
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Non-negated elements get a distance based on their position in the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews list, where the closer the match is to the start of the list, the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews shorter the distance is between it and the server. A negated match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be assigned the maximum distance from the server. If there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is no match, the address will get a distance which is further than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any non-negated list element, and closer than any negated element.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will prefer servers on network 10 the most, followed by hosts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on network 1.2.0.0 (netmask 255.255.0.0) and network 3, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exception of hosts on network 1.2.3 (netmask 255.255.255.0), which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is preferred least of all.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default topology is
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"> topology { localhost; localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> option
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater is not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater<a name="the_sortlist_statement"></a>The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement</h4></div></div></div>
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater The response to a DNS query may consist of multiple resource
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater records (RRs) forming a resource records set (RRset).
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater The name server will normally return the
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater RRs within the RRset in an indeterminate order
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater (but see the <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater statement in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>).
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater The client resolver code should rearrange the RRs as appropriate,
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews that is, using any addresses on the local net in preference to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews other addresses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews However, not all resolvers can do this or are correctly
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When a client is using a local server, the sorting can be performed
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews in the server, based on the client's address. This only requires
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuring the name servers, not all the clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement (see below)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interprets it even
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein more specifically than the <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein does (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#topology" title="Topology">the section called “Topology”</a>).
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews Each top level statement in the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> must
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews itself be an explicit <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> with
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews one or two elements. The first element (which may be an IP
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews an IP prefix, an ACL name or a nested <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>)
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews of each top level list is checked against the source address of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the query until a match is found.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Once the source address of the query has been matched, if
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews the top level statement contains only one element, the actual
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater element that matched the source address is used to select the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews in the response to move to the beginning of the response. If the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews statement is a list of two elements, then the second element is
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews treated the same as the <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span> in
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews a <span><strong class="command">topology</strong></span> statement. Each top
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews level element
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews is assigned a distance and the address in the response with the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews distance is moved to the beginning of the response.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews In the following example, any queries received from any of
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews the addresses of the host itself will get responses preferring
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews on any of the locally connected networks. Next most preferred are
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews on the 192.168.1/24 network, and after that either the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews 192.168.3/24 network with no preference shown between these two
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews networks. Queries received from a host on the 192.168.1/24 network
01b18d4c7c14ccb93708ab7ffdece3ac67b15a7cAutomatic Updater will prefer other addresses on that network to the 192.168.2/24
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews 192.168.3/24 networks. Queries received from a host on the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews or the 192.168.5/24 network will only prefer other addresses on
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews their directly connected networks.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews { localhost; // IF the local host
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews { localnets; // THEN first fit on the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater { 192.168.1/24; // IF on class C 192.168.1
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater { 192.168.1/24; // THEN use .1, or .2 or .3
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater { 192.168.2/24; // IF on class C 192.168.2
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater { 192.168.2/24; // THEN use .2, or .1 or .3
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater { 192.168.3/24; // IF on class C 192.168.3
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater { 192.168.3/24; // THEN use .3, or .1 or .2
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater { { 192.168.4/24; 192.168.5/24; }; // if .4 or .5, prefer that net
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The following example will give reasonable behavior for the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater local host and hosts on directly connected networks. It is similar
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater to the behavior of the address sort in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.x. Responses sent
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater to queries from the local host will favor any of the directly
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater networks. Responses sent to queries from any other hosts on a
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater connected network will prefer addresses on that same network.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater to other queries will not be sorted.
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater { localhost; localnets; };
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater { localnets; };
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater<a name="rrset_ordering"></a>RRset Ordering</h4></div></div></div>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater When multiple records are returned in an answer it may be
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater useful to configure the order of the records placed into the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement permits
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater of the ordering of the records in a multiple record response.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater See also the <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> statement,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a>.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater An <span><strong class="command">order_spec</strong></span> is defined as
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">class <em class="replaceable"><code>class_name</code></em></span>]
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">type <em class="replaceable"><code>type_name</code></em></span>]
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater [<span class="optional">name <em class="replaceable"><code>"domain_name"</code></em></span>]
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater order <em class="replaceable"><code>ordering</code></em>
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater If no class is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater If no type is specified, the default is <span><strong class="command">ANY</strong></span>.
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater If no name is specified, the default is "<span><strong class="command">*</strong></span>" (asterisk).
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews The legal values for <span><strong class="command">ordering</strong></span> are:
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">fixed</strong></span></p>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater Records are returned in the order they
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater are defined in the zone file.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">random</strong></span></p>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater Records are returned in some random order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in a cyclic round-robin order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> is configured with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "--enable-fixed-rrset" option at compile time, then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the initial ordering of the RRset will match the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one specified in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews class IN type A name "host.example.com" order random;
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews order cyclic;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will cause any responses for type A records in class IN that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have "<code class="literal">host.example.com</code>" as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein suffix, to always be returned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in random order. All other records are returned in cyclic order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If multiple <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein they are not combined — the last one applies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In this release of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> statement does not support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "fixed" ordering by default. Fixed ordering can be enabled
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at compile time by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the "configure" command line.
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="tuning"></a>Tuning</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">lame-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the number of seconds to cache a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lame server indication. 0 disables caching. (This is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="bold"><strong>NOT</strong></span> recommended.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <code class="literal">600</code> (10 minutes) and the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum value is
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To reduce network traffic and increase performance,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server stores negative answers. <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews used to set a maximum retention time for these answers in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in seconds. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is <code class="literal">10800</code> seconds (3 hours).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> cannot exceed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 7 days and will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be silently truncated to 7 days if set to a greater value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-cache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum time for which the server will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache ordinary (positive) answers. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein one week (7 days).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-roots</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The minimum number of root servers that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is required for a request for the root servers to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein accepted. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>2</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the number of days into the future when
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews DNSSEC signatures automatically generated as a
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews result of dynamic updates (<a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dynamic_update" title="Dynamic Update">the section called “Dynamic Update”</a>) will expire. There
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews is a optional second field which specifies how
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews long before expiry that the signatures will be
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews regenerated. If not specified the signatures will
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews be regenerated at 1/4 of base interval. The second
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews field is specified in days if the base interval is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein greater than 7 days otherwise it is specified in hours.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default base interval is <code class="literal">30</code> days
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein giving a re-signing interval of 7 1/2 days . The maximum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are 10 years (3660 days).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The signature inception time is unconditionally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set to one hour before the current time to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a limited amount of clock skew.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews should be, at least, several multiples of the SOA
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews expire interval to allow for reasonable interaction
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews between the various timer and expiry dates.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User Specify the number of maximum number nodes to be
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User examined in each quantum when signing a zone with
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User a new DNSKEY. The default is
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specify a threshold number of signatures that
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews will terminate processing a quantum when signing
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews a zone with a new DNSKEY. The default is
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specify a private rdata type to be used when generating
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews key signing records. The default is
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews It is expected that this parameter may be removed
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews in a future version once there is a standard type.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater These options control the server's behavior on refreshing a
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater (querying for SOA changes) or retrying failed transfers.
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews Usually the SOA values for the zone are used, but these
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews are set by the master, giving slave server administrators
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews control over their contents.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews These options allow the administrator to set a minimum and
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews refresh and retry time either per-zone, per-view, or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options are valid for slave and stub zones,
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews and clamp the SOA refresh and retry times to the specified
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews Sets the advertised EDNS UDP buffer size in bytes. Valid
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this range
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be silently adjusted). The default value is
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews 4096. The usual reason for setting edns-udp-size to
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews a non-default value is to get UDP answers to pass
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews through broken firewalls that block fragmented
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews packets and/or block UDP packets that are greater
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews than 512 bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the maximum EDNS UDP message size named will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein send in bytes. Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this range will be silently adjusted). The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value is 4096. The usual reason for setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein max-udp-size to a non-default value is to get UDP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers to pass through broken firewalls that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein block fragmented packets and/or block UDP packets
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are greater than 512 bytes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is independent of the advertised receive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein buffer (<span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the file format of zone files (see
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format" title="Additional File Formats">the section called “Additional File Formats”</a>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default value is <code class="constant">text</code>, which is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein standard textual representation. Files in other formats
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than <code class="constant">text</code> are typically expected
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be generated by the <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> tool.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that when a zone file in a different format than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="constant">text</code> is loaded, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may omit some of the checks which would be performed for a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file in the <code class="constant">text</code> format. In particular,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span> checks do not apply
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the <code class="constant">raw</code> format. This means
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be generated with the same check level as that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. This statement sets the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> for all zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but can be overridden on a per-zone or per-view basis
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by including a <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement within the <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> block in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>These set the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein initial value (minimum) and maximum number of recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein simultanious clients for any given query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<qname,qtype,qclass>) that the server will accept
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before dropping additional clients. named will attempt to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein self tune this value and changes will be logged. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default values are 10 and 100.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This value should reflect how many queries come in for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a given name in the time it takes to resolve that name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the number of queries exceed this value, named will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein assume that it is dealing with a non-responsive zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and will drop additional queries. If it gets a response
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein after dropping queries, it will raise the estimate. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein estimate will then be lowered in 20 minutes if it has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein remained unchanged.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <span><strong class="command">clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then there is no limit on the number of clients per query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and no queries will be dropped.
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">max-clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater then there is no upper bound other than imposed by
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">recursive-clients</strong></span>.
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater The delay, in seconds, between sending sets of notify
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User messages for a zone. The default is zero.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="builtin"></a>Built-in server information zones</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server provides some helpful diagnostic information
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User through a number of built-in zones under the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pseudo-top-level-domain <code class="literal">bind</code> in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> class. These zones are part
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater built-in view (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar" title="view Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>) of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span> which is separate from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default view of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein class <span><strong class="command">IN</strong></span>; therefore, any global
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein such as <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> do not apply
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the these zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you feel the need to disable these zones, use the options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below, or hide the built-in <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defining an explicit view of class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that matches all clients.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">version</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The version the server should report
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein via a query of the name <code class="literal">version.bind</code>
24e79a68e1b16324e17364fcd8959379ff6e20e9Mark Andrews with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the real version number of this server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span><strong class="command">version none</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
f9aef05653eeb454c489d5bd2bde6daab774ad4aTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">hostname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The hostname the server should report via a query of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name <code class="filename">hostname.bind</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with type <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This defaults to the hostname of the machine hosting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name server as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein found by the gethostname() function. The primary purpose of such queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">hostname none;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The ID the server should report when receiving a Name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Server Identifier (NSID) query, or a query of the name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">ID.SERVER</code> with type
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">TXT</strong></span>, class <span><strong class="command">CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary purpose of such queries is to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering your queries. Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id none;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying <span><strong class="command">server-id hostname;</strong></span> will cause named to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use the hostname as found by the gethostname() function.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default <span><strong class="command">server-id</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">none</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3eb9ec750c9088869170dda63e8899b2ba462823Mark Andrews<a name="empty"></a>Built-in Empty Zones</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Named has some built-in empty zones (SOA and NS records only).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These are for zones that should normally be answered locally
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and which queries should not be sent to the Internet's root
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers. The official servers which cover these namespaces
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein return NXDOMAIN responses to these queries. In particular,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein these cover the reverse namespace for addresses from RFC 1918 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 3330. They also include the reverse namespace for IPv6 local
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (locally assigned), IPv6 link local addresses, the IPv6
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loopback address and the IPv6 unknown address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Named will attempt to determine if a built in zone already exists
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or is active (covered by a forward-only forwarding declaration)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and will not not create a empty zone in that case.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The current list of empty zones is:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<li>0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews<li>1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Empty zones are settable at the view level and only apply to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater views of class IN. Disabled empty zones are only inherited
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater from options if there are no disabled empty zones specified
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater at the view level. To override the options list of disabled
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater zones, you can disable the root zone at the view level, for example:
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater disable-empty-zone ".";
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If you are using the address ranges covered here, you should
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater already have reverse zones covering the addresses you use.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater In practice this appears to not be the case with many queries
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater being made to the infrastructure servers for names in these
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater spaces. So many in fact that sacrificial servers were needed
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to be deployed to channel the query load away from the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater infrastructure servers.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The real parent servers for these zones should disable all
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater empty zone under the parent zone they serve. For the real
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater root servers, this is all built in empty zones. This will
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater enable them to return referrals to deeper in the tree.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-server</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Specify what server name will appear in the returned
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the zone's name will be used.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-contact</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Specify what contact name will appear in the returned
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater "." will be used.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">empty-zones-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Enable or disable all empty zones. By default they
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">disable-empty-zone</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Disable individual empty zones. By default none are
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater disabled. This option can be specified multiple times.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<a name="acache"></a>Additional Section Caching</h4></div></div></div>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The additional section cache, also called <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews is an internal cache to improve the response performance of BIND 9.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews When additional section caching is enabled, BIND 9 will
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews cache an internal short-cut to the additional section content for
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater each answer RR.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews Note that <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is an internal caching
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews mechanism of BIND 9, and is not related to the DNS caching
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews server function.
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews Additional section caching does not change the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response content (except the RRsets ordering of the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein section, see below), but can improve the response performance
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein significantly.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is particularly effective when BIND 9 acts as an authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server for a zone that has many delegations with many glue RRs.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In order to obtain the maximum performance improvement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from additional section caching, setting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">additional-from-cache</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span> is recommended, since the current
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews implementation of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews does not short-cut of additional section information from the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews DNS cache data.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews One obvious disadvantage of <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> is
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews that it requires much more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein memory for the internal cached data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Thus, if the response performance does not matter and memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein consumption is much more critical, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span> mechanism can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disabled by setting <span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is also possible to specify the upper limit of memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for acache by using <span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Additional section caching also has a minor effect on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRset ordering in the additional section.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Without <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">cyclic</strong></span> order is effective for the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein section as well as the answer and authority sections.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, additional section caching fixes the ordering when it
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater first caches an RRset for the additional section, and the same
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater ordering will be kept in succeeding responses, regardless of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein setting of <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The effect of this should be minor, however, since an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRset in the additional section
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein typically only contains a small number of RRs (and in many cases
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it only contains a single RR), in which case the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ordering does not matter much.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater The following is a summary of options related to
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">acache</strong></span>.
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater If <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, additional section caching is
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater enabled. The default value is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will remove stale cache entries, based on an LRU
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein algorithm, every <span><strong class="command">acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 60 minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no periodic cleaning will occur.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-acache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of memory in bytes to use for the server's acache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the amount of data in the acache reaches this limit,
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater will clean more aggressively so that the limit is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separately to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein acache of each view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <code class="literal">16M</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="statschannels"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ] [allow { <em class="replaceable"><code> address_match_list </code></em> } ]; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [ inet ...; ]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2585053"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares communication channels to be used by system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein administrators to get access to statistics information of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name server.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater This statement intends to be flexible to support multiple
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater communication protocols in the future, but currently only
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater HTTP access is supported.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater It requires that BIND 9 be compiled with libxml2;
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater the <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater still accepted even if it is built without the library,
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater but any HTTP access will fail with an error.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater An <span><strong class="command">inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater listening at the specified <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span> on the
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater specified <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater address. An <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater use an <span><strong class="command">ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater If no port is specified, port 80 is used for HTTP channels.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The asterisk "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">ip_port</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The attempt of opening a statistics channel is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein restricted by the optional <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Connections to the statistics channel are permitted based on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">address_match_list</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> clause is present,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> accepts connection
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein attempts from any address; since the statistics may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contain sensitive internal information, it is highly
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recommended to restrict the source of connection requests
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appropriately.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If no <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is present,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will not open any communication channels.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="server_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr[/prefixlen]</code></em> {
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> bogus <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> provide-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> request-ixfr <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> edns <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> edns-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> max-udp-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> transfer-format <em class="replaceable"><code>( one-answer | many-answers )</code></em> ; ]</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> keys <em class="replaceable"><code>{ string ; [<span class="optional"> string ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>] }</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> query-source-v6 [<span class="optional"> address ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>] [<span class="optional"> port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em> ) </span>]; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-queryport-pool <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-ports <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> queryport-pool-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="server_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement defines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein characteristics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be associated with a remote name server. If a prefix length is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, then a range of servers is covered. Only the most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server clause applies regardless of the order in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement can occur at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration file or inside a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement contains
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews one or more <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements, only
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews apply to the view and any top-level ones are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a view contains no <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any top-level <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you discover that a remote server is giving out bad data,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein marking it as bogus will prevent further queries to it. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein value of <span><strong class="command">bogus</strong></span> is <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server, acting as master, will respond with an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone transfer when the given remote server, a slave, requests it.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews If set to <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>, incremental transfer
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews will be provided
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews whenever possible. If set to <span><strong class="command">no</strong></span>,
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews all transfers
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews to the remote server will be non-incremental. If not set, the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> option in the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews global options block is used as a default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server, acting as a slave, will request incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers from the given remote server, a master. If not set, the
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews value of the <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> option in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global options block is used as a default.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IXFR requests to servers that do not support IXFR will
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews automatically
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews fall back to AXFR. Therefore, there is no need to manually list
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews which servers support IXFR and which ones do not; the global
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews of <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span> should always work.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The purpose of the <span><strong class="command">provide-ixfr</strong></span> and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">request-ixfr</strong></span> clauses is
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater to make it possible to disable the use of IXFR even when both
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and slave claim to support it, for example if one of the servers
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews is buggy and crashes or corrupts data when IXFR is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">edns</strong></span> clause determines whether
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server will attempt to use EDNS when communicating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the remote server. The default is <span><strong class="command">yes</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">edns-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the EDNS UDP size
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that is advertised by named when querying the remote server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Valid values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein silently adjusted). This option is useful when you wish to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein advertises a different value to this server than the value you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein advertise globally, for example, when there is a firewall at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein remote site that is blocking large replies.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">max-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews maximum EDNS UDP message size named will send. Valid
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be silently adjusted). This option is useful when you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein know that there is a firewall that is blocking large
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replies from named.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews The server supports two zone transfer methods. The first, <span><strong class="command">one-answer</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein uses one DNS message per resource record transferred. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> packs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as many resource records as possible into a message. <span><strong class="command">many-answers</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein more efficient, but is only known to be understood by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8.x, and patched versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 4.9.5. You can specify which method
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews to use for a server with the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> option.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews If <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span> is not
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews specified, the <span><strong class="command">transfer-format</strong></span>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews by the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement will be
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews is used to limit the number of concurrent inbound zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers from the specified server. If no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfers</strong></span> clause is specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limit is set according to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">transfers-per-ns</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> clause identifies a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">key_id</strong></span> defined by the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be used for transaction security (TSIG, <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User when talking to the remote server.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater When a request is sent to the remote server, a request signature
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater will be generated using the key specified here and appended to the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater message. A request originating from the remote server is not
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to be signed by this key.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Although the grammar of the <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater allows for multiple keys, only a single key per server is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the IPv4 and IPv6 source
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater address to be used for zone transfer with the remote server,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater For an IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> can
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server, only
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> can be
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater For more details, see the description of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for notify
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater messages sent to remote servers, respectively. For an
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater IPv4 remote server, only <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater can be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater only <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sent to remote servers, respectively. For an IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein remote server, only <span><strong class="command">query-source</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only <span><strong class="command">query-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2585805"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2585857"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement defines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC security roots. DNSSEC is described in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#DNSSEC" title="DNSSEC">the section called “DNSSEC”</a>. A security root is defined when the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein public key for a non-authoritative zone is known, but
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot be securely obtained through DNS, either because
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is the DNS root zone or because its parent zone is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unsigned. Once a key has been configured as a trusted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key, it is treated as if it had been validated and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein proven secure. The resolver attempts DNSSEC validation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on all DNS data in subdomains of a security root.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All keys (and corresponding zones) listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> are deemed to exist regardless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of what parent zones say. Similarly for all keys listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> only those keys are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to validate the DNSKEY RRset. The parent's DS RRset
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will not be used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement can contain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple key entries, each consisting of the key's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain name, flags, protocol, algorithm, and the Base-64
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein representation of the key data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Spaces, tabs, newlines and carriage returns are ignored
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the key data, so the configuration may be split up into
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein multiple lines.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="view_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-destinations { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_option</code></em>; ...</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_statement</code></em>; ...</span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2585939"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement is a powerful
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 that lets a name server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answer a DNS query differently
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein depending on who is asking. It is particularly useful for
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews implementing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein split DNS setups without having to run multiple servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement defines a view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS namespace that will be seen by a subset of clients. A client
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a view if its source IP address matches the
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the view's
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> clause and its
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User destination IP address matches
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span> clause. If not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, both
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews default to matching all addresses. In addition to checking IP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">match-clients</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">match-destinations</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can also take <span><strong class="command">keys</strong></span> which provide an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein mechanism for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein client to select the view. A view can also be specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as <span><strong class="command">match-recursive-only</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means that only recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests from matching clients will match that view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The order of the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein significant —
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a client request will be resolved in the context of the first
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> that it matches.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zones defined within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be only be accessible to clients that match the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By defining a zone of the same name in multiple views, different
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone data can be given to different clients, for example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and "external" clients in a split DNS setup.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater Many of the options given in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater can also be used within a <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater statement, and then
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater apply only when resolving queries with that view. When no
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater value is given, the value in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater is used as a default. Also, zone options can have default values
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater in the <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement; these
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater view-specific defaults
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater take precedence over those in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater Views are class specific. If no class is given, class IN
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater is assumed. Note that all non-IN views must contain a hint zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein since only the IN class has compiled-in default hints.
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater If there are no <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements in
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User file, a default view that matches any client is automatically
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User in class IN. Any <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statements
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User the top level of the configuration file are considered to be part
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater this default view, and the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User statement will
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User apply to the default view. If any explicit <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span>
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater statements are present, all <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater statements must
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User occur inside <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Here is an example of a typical split DNS setup implemented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statements:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // This should match our internal networks.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { 10.0.0.0/8; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide recursive service to internal clients only.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recursion yes;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // Provide a complete view of the example.com zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // including addresses of internal hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updaterview "external" {
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater // Match all clients not matched by the previous view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match-clients { any; };
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater // Refuse recursive service to external clients.
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater // Provide a restricted view of the example.com zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein // containing only publicly accessible hosts.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_statement_grammar"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-policy { <em class="replaceable"><code>update_policy_rule</code></em> [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-mx (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-wildcard <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-integrity <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-validity-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-re-signing-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-nodes <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-signatures <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> sig-signing-type <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> key-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-transfer { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-update-forwarding { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> update-check-ksk <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> try-tcp-refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> also-notify { <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> journal <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> ixfr-tmp-file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> maintain-ixfr-base <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-ixfr-log-size <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-out <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>explicit</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>master-only</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-delay <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> ; </span>]
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews [<span class="optional"> notify-to-soa <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> notify-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zero-no-soa-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrewszone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; // Not Implemented. </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> allow-query-on { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> check-names (<code class="constant">warn</code>|<code class="constant">fail</code>|<code class="constant">ignore</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> dialup <em class="replaceable"><code>dialup_option</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> file <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masterfile-format (<code class="constant">text</code>|<code class="constant">raw</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> masters [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters_list</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] [<span class="optional">key <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span>] ) ; [<span class="optional">...</span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-idle-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-transfer-time-in <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> pubkey <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip4_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> alt-transfer-source-v6 (<em class="replaceable"><code>ip6_addr</code></em> | <code class="constant">*</code>) [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> use-alt-transfer-source <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em>; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> zone-statistics <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> database <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-refresh-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> min-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> max-retry-time <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> multi-master <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type forward;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forward (<code class="constant">only</code>|<code class="constant">first</code>) ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> forwarders { [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [<span class="optional">port <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em></span>] ; ... </span>] }; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> delegation-only <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ; </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>] {
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type delegation-only;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2587457"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<a name="id2587464"></a>Zone Types</h4></div></div></div>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater The server has a master copy of the data
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater for the zone and will be able to provide authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A slave zone is a replica of a master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone. The <span><strong class="command">masters</strong></span> list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies one or more IP addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of master servers that the slave contacts to update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein its copy of the zone.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Masters list elements can also be names of other
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce masters lists.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce By default, transfers are made from port 53 on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers; this can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be changed for all servers by specifying a port number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of IP addresses, or on a per-server basis after
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the IP address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Authentication to the master can also be done with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-server TSIG keys.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a file is specified, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replica will be written to this file whenever the zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and reloaded from this file on a server restart. Use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of a file is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recommended, since it often speeds server startup and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a needless waste of bandwidth. Note that for large
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein numbers (in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein tens or hundreds of thousands) of zones per server, it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use a two-level naming scheme for zone filenames. For
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews a slave server for the zone <code class="literal">example.com</code> might place
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone contents into a file called
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">ex/example.com</code> where <code class="filename">ex/</code> is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews just the first two letters of the zone name. (Most
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews operating systems
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behave very slowly if you put 100 000 files into
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a single directory.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A stub zone is similar to a slave zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except that it replicates only the NS records of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein master zone instead
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the entire zone. Stub zones are not a standard part
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein they are a feature specific to the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> implementation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stub zones can be used to eliminate the need for glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a parent zone at the expense of maintaining a stub
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone entry and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a set of name server addresses in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This usage is not recommended for new configurations,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports it only in a limited way.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4/8, zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers of a parent zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein included the NS records from stub children of that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone. This meant
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that, in some cases, users could get away with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuring child stubs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only in the master server for the parent zone. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9 never mixes together zone data from different zones
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein way. Therefore, if a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 master serving a parent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone has child stub zones configured, all the slave
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater servers for the
767c53c304b86460d72eeec7d3304172cdd904bdEvan Hunt parent zone also need to have the same child stub
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stub zones can also be used as a way of forcing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of a given domain to use a particular set of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, the caching name servers on a private
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC1918 addressing may be configured with stub zones
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce to use a set of internal name servers as the
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce authoritative
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce servers for that domain.
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater A "forward zone" is a way to configure
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater forwarding on a per-domain basis. A <span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein contain a <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and/or <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater which will apply to queries within the domain given by
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater name. If no <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span>
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater statement is present or
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater an empty list for <span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span> is given, then no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarding will be done for the domain, canceling the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any forwarders in the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement. Thus
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if you want to use this type of zone to change the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behavior of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (that is, "forward first"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to, then "forward only", or vice versa, but want to
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater servers as set globally) you need to re-specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global forwarders.
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater The initial set of root name servers is
49853562e29e3813e49c251cde132d7be6a6475eAutomatic Updater specified using a "hint zone". When the server starts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the root hints to find a root name server and get the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of root name servers. If no hint zone is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified for class
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IN, the server uses a compiled-in default set of root
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Classes other than IN have no built-in defaults hints.
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater This is used to enforce the delegation-only
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater status of infrastructure zones (e.g. COM, NET, ORG).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Any answer that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is received without an explicit or implicit delegation
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the authority
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein section will be treated as NXDOMAIN. This does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apex. This should not be applied to leaf zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">delegation-only</code> has no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein effect on answers received
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from forwarders.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<a name="id2587952"></a>Class</h4></div></div></div>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The zone's name may optionally be followed by a class. If
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater a class is not specified, class <code class="literal">IN</code> (for <code class="varname">Internet</code>),
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater is assumed. This is correct for the vast majority of cases.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The <code class="literal">hesiod</code> class is
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater named for an information service from MIT's Project Athena. It
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater used to share information about various systems databases, such
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater as users, groups, printers and so on. The keyword
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater a synonym for hesiod.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Another MIT development is Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater in the mid-1970s. Zone data for it can be specified with the <code class="literal">CHAOS</code> class.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<a name="id2587985"></a>Zone Options</h4></div></div></div>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">allow-query-on</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-transfer</strong></span>
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span></span></dt>
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater Specifies a "Simple Secure Update" policy. See
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>.
23967fcd6e214ac5194222a6b7f41fe869db4f9cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater See the description of <span><strong class="command">allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>
e839bf134fb138920d4833cf05cb8b8906787a8dAutomatic Updater in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only meaningful if <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein active for this zone. The set of machines that will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for this zone is made up of all the listed name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the primary master) for the zone plus any IP addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>. A port
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with each <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to send the notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages to a port other than the default of 53.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">also-notify</strong></span> is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein meaningful for stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the empty list.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to restrict the character set and
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater received from the
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater network. The default varies according to zone type. For <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> zones the default is <span><strong class="command">fail</strong></span>. For <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span>
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater zones the default is <span><strong class="command">warn</strong></span>.
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">check-mx</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater See the description of
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">check-wildcard</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater See the description of
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">check-integrity</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater See the description of
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">check-sibling</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater See the description of
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater See the description of
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews See the description of
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">try-tcp-refresh</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">database</strong></span></span></dt>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Specify the type of database to be used for storing the
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater zone data. The string following the <span><strong class="command">database</strong></span> keyword
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater is interpreted as a list of whitespace-delimited words.
f7b2875691497b292eacb60609be23a813d14e63Automatic Updater The first word
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater identifies the database type, and any subsequent words are
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater as arguments to the database to be interpreted in a way
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater to the database type.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>"rbt"</code></strong>, BIND 9's
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews native in-memory
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater red-black-tree database. This database does not take
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater Other values are possible if additional database drivers
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater have been linked into the server. Some sample drivers are
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater with the distribution but none are linked in by default.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews See the description of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dialup</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User The flag only applies to hint and stub zones. If set
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the zone will also be
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User treated as if it
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User is also a delegation-only type zone.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Only meaningful if the zone has a forwarders
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews list. The <span><strong class="command">only</strong></span> value causes
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the lookup to fail
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews after trying the forwarders and getting no answer, while <span><strong class="command">first</strong></span> would
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews allow a normal lookup to be tried.
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater Used to override the list of global forwarders.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews If it is not specified in a zone of type <span><strong class="command">forward</strong></span>,
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews no forwarding is done for the zone and the global options are
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews specify the name
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews of the transaction log (journal) file for dynamic update
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews and constructs the name of the journal
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews file by appending "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>"
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater to the name of the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-tmp-file</strong></span></span></dt>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews Was an undocumented option in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews Ignored in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">journal</strong></span></span></dt>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews Allow the default journal's filename to be overridden.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews The default is the zone's filename with "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>" appended.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews This is applicable to <span><strong class="command">master</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">slave</strong></span> zones.
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews See the description of
68abac6cb23aa2c6489ccc16663e051d7aad3ad9Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews See the description of
4a5d8786edaff5f9f022c117b4da084bcb4a0b71Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater See the description of
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User See the description of
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-delay</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">notify-to-soa</strong></span> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pubkey</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option was
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User intended for specifying
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a public zone key for verification of signatures in DNSSEC
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User zones when they are loaded from disk. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 does not verify signatures
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User on load and ignores the option.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, the server will keep
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information for this zone, which can be dumped to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> defined in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server options.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">sig-validity-interval</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-re-signing-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">sig-re-signing-interval</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-nodes</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-signatures</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater See the description of
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews See the description of
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews See the description of
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater See the description of
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-source</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater See the description of
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">notify-source-v6</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater See the description in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater See the description of
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater See the description of
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span> in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater Usage”</a>.
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
9d5a84057d77e1de7ccdcf3cfdeff78db4706fb8Automatic Updater See the description of <span><strong class="command">multi-master</strong></span> in
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User See the description of <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User in <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<a name="dynamic_update_policies"></a>Dynamic Update Policies</h4></div></div></div>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User<p><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 supports two alternative
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User methods of granting clients the right to perform
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User dynamic updates to a zone, configured by the
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> and
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> option, respectively.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> clause works the
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User same way as in previous versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User It grants given clients the permission to update any
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User record of any name in the zone.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> clause is new
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 and allows more fine-grained
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User control over what updates are allowed. A set of rules
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User is specified, where each rule either grants or denies
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User permissions for one or more names to be updated by
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User one or more identities. If the dynamic update request
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User message is signed (that is, it includes either a TSIG
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User or SIG(0) record), the identity of the signer can be
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Rules are specified in the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User zone option, and are only meaningful for master zones.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User When the <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User is present, it is a configuration error for the
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">allow-update</strong></span> statement to be
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User present. The <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> statement
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User only examines the signer of a message; the source
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User address is not relevant.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User This is how a rule definition looks:
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User( <span><strong class="command">grant</strong></span> | <span><strong class="command">deny</strong></span> ) <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>types</code></em> </span>]
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User Each rule grants or denies privileges. Once a message has
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User successfully matched a rule, the operation is immediately
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User or denied and no further rules are examined. A rule is matched
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User when the signer matches the identity field, the name matches the
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User name field in accordance with the nametype field, and the type
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User the types specified in the type field.
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User No signer is required for <em class="replaceable"><code>tcp-self</code></em>
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User or <em class="replaceable"><code>6to4-self</code></em> however the standard
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater reverse mapping / prefix conversion must match the identity
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater The identity field specifies a name or a wildcard
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater name. Normally, this is the name of the TSIG or
824f38c0310fddef55f0f691580154022a7852f5Automatic Updater SIG(0) key used to sign the update request. When a
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews TKEY exchange has been used to create a shared secret,
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews the identity of the shared secret is the same as the
c25877b3630eee1da5b942aaa924cba831b89328Automatic Updater identity of the key used to authenticate the TKEY
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews exchange. TKEY is also the negotiation method used
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews by GSS-TSIG, which establishes an identity that is
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews the Kerberos principal of the client, such as
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>"user@host.domain"</code></strong>. When the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews a wildcard name, it is subject to DNS wildcard
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews expansion, so the rule will apply to multiple identities.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field must
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews contain a fully-qualified domain name.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> field has 12
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <code class="varname">name</code>, <code class="varname">subdomain</code>,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <code class="varname">wildcard</code>, <code class="varname">self</code>,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <code class="varname">selfsub</code>, <code class="varname">selfwild</code>,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>, <code class="varname">ms-self</code>,
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <code class="varname">tcp-self</code> and <code class="varname">6to4-self</code>.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Exact-match semantics. This rule matches
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews when the name being updated is identical
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews to the contents of the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews This rule matches when the name being updated
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater is a subdomain of, or identical to, the
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews contents of the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is subject to DNS wildcard expansion, and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews this rule matches when the name being updated
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews name is a valid expansion of the wildcard.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This rule matches when the name being updated
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matches the contents of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is ignored, but should be the same as the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <code class="varname">self</code> nametype is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews most useful when allowing using one key per
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews name to update, where the key has the same
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews name as the name to be updated. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified as <code class="constant">*</code> (an asterisk) in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews except that subdomains of <code class="varname">self</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews can also be updated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except that only subdomains of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">self</code> can be updated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Allow updates that have been sent via TCP and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the standard mapping from the initiating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein namespaces match the name to be updated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Allow the 6to4 prefix to be update by any TCP
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater conection from the 6to4 network or from the
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User corresponding IPv4 address. This is intended
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater to allow NS or DNAME RRsets to be added to the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater In all cases, the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater specify a fully-qualified domain name.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If no types are explicitly specified, this rule matches all
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater RRSIG, NS, SOA, and NSEC. Types may be specified by name, including
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater "ANY" (ANY matches all types except NSEC, which can never be
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Note that when an attempt is made to delete all records
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater associated with a
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater name, the rules are checked for each existing record type.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="id2590113"></a>Zone File</h2></div></div></div>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them"></a>Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</h3></div></div></div>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater This section, largely borrowed from RFC 1034, describes the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater concept of a Resource Record (RR) and explains when each is used.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Since the publication of RFC 1034, several new RRs have been
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater and implemented in the DNS. These are also included.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<a name="id2590131"></a>Resource Records</h4></div></div></div>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater A domain name identifies a node. Each node has a set of
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater resource information, which may be empty. The set of resource
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater information associated with a particular name is composed of
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater separate RRs. The order of RRs in a set is not significant and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater need not be preserved by name servers, resolvers, or other
e31a258ca6ef845faf483fa8f04921e8841d3213Tinderbox User parts of the DNS. However, sorting of multiple RRs is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater permitted for optimization purposes, for example, to specify
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater that a particular nearby server be tried first. See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span><strong class="command">sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a> and <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The components of a Resource Record are:
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The domain name where the RR is found.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater An encoded 16-bit value that specifies
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the type of the resource record.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The time-to-live of the RR. This field
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater is a 32-bit integer in units of seconds, and is
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater primarily used by
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater resolvers when they cache RRs. The TTL describes how
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater be cached before it should be discarded.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater An encoded 16-bit value that identifies
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater a protocol family or instance of a protocol.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater The resource data. The format of the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater data is type (and sometimes class) specific.
f0da471019f224ba88dc2f4b3f2209c6102855f6Automatic Updater The following are <span class="emphasis"><em>types</em></span> of valid RRs:
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User A host address. In the IN class, this is a
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User 32-bit IP address. Described in RFC 1035.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater IPv6 address. Described in RFC 1886.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater IPv6 address. This can be a partial
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User address (a suffix) and an indirection to the name
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User where the rest of the
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User address (the prefix) can be found. Experimental.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Described in RFC 2874.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Location of AFS database servers.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Address prefix list. Experimental.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Described in RFC 3123.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Holds a digital certificate.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Described in RFC 2538.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Identifies the canonical name of an alias.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Described in RFC 1035.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Is used for identifying which DHCP client is
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User associated with this name. Described in RFC 4701.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Replaces the domain name specified with
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater another name to be looked up, effectively aliasing an
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User subtree of the domain name space rather than a single
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User as in the case of the CNAME RR.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Described in RFC 2672.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Stores a public key associated with a signed
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Stores the hash of a public key associated with a
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater signed DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User Specifies the global position. Superseded by LOC.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Identifies the CPU and OS used by a host.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Described in RFC 1035.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Provides a method for storing IPsec keying material in
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User DNS. Described in RFC 4025.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Representation of ISDN addresses.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater Stores a public key associated with a
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater DNS name. Used in original DNSSEC; replaced
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater by DNSKEY in DNSSECbis, but still used with
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater SIG(0). Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Identifies a key exchanger for this
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater DNS name. Described in RFC 2230.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater For storing GPS info. Described in RFC 1876.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Identifies a mail exchange for the domain with
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User a 16-bit preference value (lower is better)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User followed by the host name of the mail exchange.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Described in RFC 974, RFC 1035.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Name authority pointer. Described in RFC 2915.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User A network service access point.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Described in RFC 1706.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The authoritative name server for the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User domain. Described in RFC 1035.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User existing name.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Described in RFC 4034.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Used in DNSSEC to securely indicate that
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User existing name.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Used in original DNSSEC; replaced by NSEC in
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Described in RFC 2535.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User A pointer to another part of the domain
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User name space. Described in RFC 1035.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Provides mappings between RFC 822 and X.400
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User addresses. Described in RFC 2163.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Information on persons responsible
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User for the domain. Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Contains DNSSECbis signature data. Described
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Route-through binding for hosts that
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User do not have their own direct wide area network
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Contains DNSSEC signature data. Used in
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User original DNSSEC; replaced by RRSIG in
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User DNSSECbis, but still used for SIG(0).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Identifies the start of a zone of authority.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Described in RFC 1035.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Contains the Sender Policy Framework information
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User for a given email domain. Described in RFC 4408.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Information about well known network
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User services (replaces WKS). Described in RFC 2782.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Provides a way to securely publish a secure shell key's
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User fingerprint. Described in RFC 4255.
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews Text records. Described in RFC 1035.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Information about which well known
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews network services, such as SMTP, that a domain
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews supports. Historical.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Representation of X.25 network addresses.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following <span class="emphasis"><em>classes</em></span> of resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are currently valid in the DNS:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Internet.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created at MIT in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Rarely used for its historical purpose, but reused for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built-in server information zones, e.g.,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Hesiod, an information service
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein developed by MIT's Project Athena. It is used to share
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein about various systems databases, such as users,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein groups, printers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The owner name is often implicit, rather than forming an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein part of the RR. For example, many name servers internally form
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews or hash structures for the name space, and chain RRs off nodes.
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews The remaining RR parts are the fixed header (type, class, TTL)
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews which is consistent for all RRs, and a variable part (RDATA)
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater fits the needs of the resource being described.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The meaning of the TTL field is a time limit on how long an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews RR can be kept in a cache. This limit does not apply to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data in zones; it is also timed out, but by the refreshing
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews for the zone. The TTL is assigned by the administrator for the
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater zone where the data originates. While short TTLs can be used to
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews minimize caching, and a zero TTL prohibits caching, the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews of Internet performance suggest that these times should be on
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews order of days for the typical host. If a change can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein anticipated,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the TTL can be reduced prior to the change to minimize
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inconsistency
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein during the change, and then increased back to its former value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The data in the RDATA section of RRs is carried as a combination
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of binary strings and domain names. The domain names are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used as "pointers" to other data in the DNS.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2591571"></a>Textual expression of RRs</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs are represented in binary form in the packets of the DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein protocol, and are usually represented in highly encoded form
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stored in a name server or resolver. In the examples provided
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 1034, a style similar to that used in master files was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in order to show the contents of RRs. In this format, most RRs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are shown on a single line, although continuation lines are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using parentheses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The start of the line gives the owner of the RR. If a line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begins with a blank, then the owner is assumed to be the same as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that of the previous RR. Blank lines are often included for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein readability.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following the owner, we list the TTL, type, and class of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RR. Class and type use the mnemonics defined above, and TTL is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an integer before the type field. In order to avoid ambiguity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parsing, type and class mnemonics are disjoint, TTLs are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the type mnemonic is always last. The IN class and TTL
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are often omitted from examples in the interests of clarity.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The resource data or RDATA section of the RR are given using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein knowledge of the typical representation for the data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, we might show the RRs carried in a message as:
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <code class="literal">10 VAXA.ISI.EDU</code>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater <code class="literal">VENERA.ISI.EDU</code>
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User The MX RRs have an RDATA section which consists of a 16-bit
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User number followed by a domain name. The address RRs use a
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User IP address format to contain a 32-bit internet address.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User The above example shows six RRs, with two RRs at each of three
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User domain names.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User Similarly we might see:
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater This example shows two addresses for
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater <code class="literal">XX.LCS.MIT.EDU</code>, each of a different class.
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater<a name="id2592091"></a>Discussion of MX Records</h3></div></div></div>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater As described above, domain servers store information as a
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater series of resource records, each of which contains a particular
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater piece of information about a given domain name (which is usually,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater but not always, a host). The simplest way to think of a RR is as
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User a typed pair of data, a domain name matched with a relevant datum,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater and stored with some additional type information to help systems
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User determine when the RR is relevant.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater MX records are used to control delivery of email. The data
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater specified in the record is a priority and a domain name. The
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater controls the order in which email delivery is attempted, with the
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater lowest number first. If two priorities are the same, a server is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater chosen randomly. If no servers at a given priority are responding,
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater the mail transport agent will fall back to the next largest
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Priority numbers do not have any absolute meaning — they are
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater only respective to other MX records for that domain name. The
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater name given is the machine to which the mail will be delivered.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater It <span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> have an associated address record
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater (A or AAAA) — CNAME is not sufficient.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater For a given domain, if there is both a CNAME record and an
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater MX record, the MX record is in error, and will be ignored.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the mail will be delivered to the server specified in the MX
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater pointed to by the CNAME.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="literal">mail.example.com.</code>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="literal">mail2.example.com.</code>
d8620c7234281056fdfd2ee40cf16636b8281092Tinderbox User <code class="literal">mail.backup.org.</code>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <code class="literal">mail.example.com.</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Mail delivery will be attempted to <code class="literal">mail.example.com</code> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">mail2.example.com</code> (in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any order), and if neither of those succeed, delivery to <code class="literal">mail.backup.org</code> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be attempted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d01e14dc0bfc700a8d72e9676fc8aa66c237151fAutomatic Updater<a name="Setting_TTLs"></a>Setting TTLs</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The time-to-live of the RR field is a 32-bit integer represented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in units of seconds, and is primarily used by resolvers when they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache RRs. The TTL describes how long a RR can be cached before it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be discarded. The following three types of TTL are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used in a zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The last field in the SOA is the negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caching TTL. This controls how long other servers will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache no-such-domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (NXDOMAIN) responses from you.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum time for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein negative caching is 3 hours (3h).
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The $TTL directive at the top of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone file (before the SOA) gives a default TTL for every
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson a specific TTL set.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce Each RR can have a TTL as the second
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce field in the RR, which will control how long other
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson servers can cache
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson All of these TTLs default to units of seconds, though units
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater can be explicitly specified, for example, <code class="literal">1h30m</code>.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce<a name="id2592848"></a>Inverse Mapping in IPv4</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Reverse name resolution (that is, translation from IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to name) is achieved by means of the <span class="emphasis"><em>in-addr.arpa</em></span> domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and PTR records. Entries in the in-addr.arpa domain are made in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein least-to-most significant order, read left to right. This is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein opposite order to the way IP addresses are usually written. Thus,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a machine with an IP address of 10.1.2.3 would have a
a53c45b2b8e778663ea51834272169dc946b6672Mark Andrews corresponding
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews 3.2.1.10.in-addr.arpa. This name should have a PTR resource record
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews whose data field is the name of the machine or, optionally,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews PTR records if the machine has more than one name. For example,
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User in the [<span class="optional">example.com</span>] domain:
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <code class="literal">2.1.10.in-addr.arpa</code>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <code class="literal">IN PTR foo.example.com.</code>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> lines in the examples
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews are for providing context to the examples only — they do not
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews appear in the actual usage. They are only used here to indicate
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews that the example is relative to the listed origin.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<a name="id2592974"></a>Other Zone File Directives</h3></div></div></div>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews The Master File Format was initially defined in RFC 1035 and
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews has subsequently been extended. While the Master File Format
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews is class independent all records in a Master File must be of the
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater Master File Directives include <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>,
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater and <span><strong class="command">$TTL.</strong></span>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater<a name="id2592997"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>domain-name</code></em>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sets the domain name that will be appended to any
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater unqualified records. When a zone is first read in there
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is an implicit <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User <<code class="varname">zone-name</code>><span><strong class="command">.</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended to
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater the domain specified in the <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein argument if it is not absolute.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox UserWWW CNAME MAIN-SERVER
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<a name="id2593058"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Read and process the file <code class="filename">filename</code> as
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User if it were included into the file at this point. If <span><strong class="command">origin</strong></span> is
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User specified the file is processed with <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> set
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User to that value, otherwise the current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The origin and the current domain name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein revert to the values they had prior to the <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the file has been read.
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews RFC 1035 specifies that the current origin should be restored
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews an <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>, but it is silent
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews on whether the current
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews domain name should also be restored. BIND 9 restores both of
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews This could be construed as a deviation from RFC 1035, a
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater feature, or both.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews<a name="id2593127"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>default-ttl</code></em>
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User<em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User Set the default Time To Live (TTL) for subsequent records
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater with undefined TTLs. Valid TTLs are of the range 0-2147483647
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews is defined in RFC 2308.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<a name="id2593163"></a><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</h3></div></div></div>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>range</code></em>
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<p><span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater is used to create a series of resource records that only
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater differ from each other by an
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater iterator. <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> can be used to
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater easily generate the sets of records required to support
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater sub /24 reverse delegations described in RFC 2317:
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN 0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews$GENERATE 1-2 0 NS SERVER$.EXAMPLE.
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews$GENERATE 1-127 $ CNAME $.0</pre>
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User is equivalent to
885c1096e0c296b0188f01ca7511df1f70a6cddaMark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. NS SERVER1.EXAMPLE.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater1.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 1.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater2.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 2.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User127.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 127.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">range</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This can be one of two forms: start-stop
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User or start-stop/step. If the first form is used, then step
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1. All of start, stop and step must be positive.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein describes the owner name of the resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be created. Any single <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (dollar sign)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein symbols within the <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> side
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are replaced by the iterator value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To get a $ in the output, you need to escape the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> using a backslash
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">\</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein e.g. <span><strong class="command">\$</strong></span>. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> may optionally be followed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by modifiers which change the offset from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein iterator, field width and base.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Modifiers are introduced by a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">{</strong></span> (left brace) immediately following the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">$</strong></span> as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">${offset[,width[,base]]}</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, <span><strong class="command">${-20,3,d}</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein subtracts 20 from the current value, prints the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein result as a decimal in a zero-padded field of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Available output forms are decimal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">d</strong></span>), octal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">o</strong></span>) and hexadecimal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (<span><strong class="command">x</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">X</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for uppercase). The default modifier is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">${0,0,d}</strong></span>. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">lhs</strong></span> is not absolute, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein current <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the name.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For compatibility with earlier versions, <span><strong class="command">$$</strong></span> is still
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein recognized as indicating a literal $ in the output.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the time-to-live of the generated records. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not specified this will be inherited using the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein normal ttl inheritance rules.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater entered in either order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the class of the generated records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This must match the zone class if it is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">type</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein At present the only supported types are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein PTR, CNAME, DNAME, A, AAAA and NS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">rhs</strong></span> is a domain name. It is processed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein similarly to lhs.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> directive is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> extension
c60793c77f6b6b8b66ad57c73cd7eb67e8d7ff6fAndreas Gustafsson and not part of the standard zone file format.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein BIND 8 does not support the optional TTL and CLASS fields.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="zonefile_format"></a>Additional File Formats</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In addition to the standard textual format, BIND 9
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports the ability to read or dump to zone files in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein other formats. The <code class="constant">raw</code> format is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein currently available as an additional format. It is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein binary format representing BIND 9's internal data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein structure directly, thereby remarkably improving the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein loading time.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater For a primary server, a zone file in the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <code class="constant">raw</code> format is expected to be
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater generated from a textual zone file by the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. For a
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater secondary server or for a dynamic zone, it is automatically
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater generated (if this format is specified by the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">masterfile-format</strong></span> option) when
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> dumps the zone contents after
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater zone transfer or when applying prior updates.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater If a zone file in a binary format needs manual modification,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater it first must be converted to a textual form by the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command. All
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater necessary modification should go to the text file, which
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater should then be converted to the binary form by the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span> command again.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Although the <code class="constant">raw</code> format uses the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater network byte order and avoids architecture-dependent
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater data alignment so that it is as much portable as
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater possible, it is primarily expected to be used inside
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater the same single system. In order to export a zone
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format or make a
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater portable backup of the file, it is recommended to
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater convert the file to the standard textual representation.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<a name="statistics"></a>BIND9 Statistics</h2></div></div></div>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains lots of statistics
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater information and provides several interfaces for users to
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater get access to the statistics.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The available statistics include all statistics counters
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater that were available in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 and
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater are meaningful in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater and other information that is considered useful.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The statistics information is categorized into the following
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of incoming DNS requests for each OPCODE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of incoming queries for each RR type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The number of outgoing queries for each RR
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein type sent from the internal resolver.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Maintained per view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statistics counters about incoming request processing.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statistics counters regarding zone maintenance
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operations such as zone transfers.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User Statistics counters about name resolution
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User performed in the internal resolver.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User Maintained per view.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User The number of RRsets per RR type (positive
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User or negative) and nonexistent names stored in the
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User cache database.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User Maintained per view.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User A subset of Name Server Statistics is collected and shown
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User per zone for which the server has the authority when
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">zone-statistics</strong></span> is set to
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User These statistics counters are shown with their zone and view
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User In some cases the view names are omitted for the default view.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User There are currently two user interfaces to get access to the
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater One is in the plain text format dumped to the file specified
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater by the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> configuration option.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater The other is remotely accessible via a statistics channel
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when the <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is specified in the configuration file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (see <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels" title="statistics-channels Statement Grammar">the section called “<span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="statsfile"></a>The Statistics File</h4></div></div></div>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater The text format statistics dump begins with a line, like:
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">+++ Statistics Dump +++ (973798949)</strong></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater The number in parentheses is a standard
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Unix-style timestamp, measured as seconds since January 1, 1970.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater that line is a set of statistics information, which is categorized
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater as described above.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Each section begins with a line, like:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">++ Name Server Statistics ++</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each section consists of lines, each containing the statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein counter value followed by its textual description.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See below for available counters.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For brevity, counters that have a value of 0 are not shown
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User in the statistics file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The statistics dump ends with the line where the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number is identical to the number in the beginning line; for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">--- Statistics Dump --- (973798949)</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="statistics_counters"></a>Statistics Counters</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following tables summarize statistics counters that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews For each row of the tables, the leftmost column is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein abbreviated symbol name of that counter.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These symbols are shown in the statistics information
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein accessed via an HTTP statistics channel.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The rightmost column gives the description of the counter,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which is also shown in the statistics file
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User (but, in this document, possibly with slight modification
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for better readability).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Additional notes may also be provided in this column.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a middle column exists between these two columns,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it gives the corresponding counter name of the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 statistics, if applicable.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2594069"></a>Name Server Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">Requestv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 requests received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: this also counts non query requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">Requestv6</strong></span></p>
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 requests received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note: this also counts non query requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqEdns0</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews Requests with EDNS(0) received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqBadEDNSVer</strong></span></p>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews Requests with unsupported EDNS version received.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">ReqTSIG</strong></span></p>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews Requests with TSIG received.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">ReqSIG0</strong></span></p>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater Requests with SIG(0) received.
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">ReqBadSIG</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Requests with invalid (TSIG or SIG(0)) signature.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ReqTCP</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RTCP</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TCP requests received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">AuthQryRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RUQ</strong></span></p>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Authoritative (non recursive) queries rejected.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RecQryRej</strong></span></p>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RURQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Recursive queries rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">XfrRej</strong></span></p>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">RUXFR</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfer requests rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RUUpd</strong></span></p>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Dynamic update requests rejected.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">Response</strong></span></p>
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SAns</strong></span></p>
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater Responses sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RespTruncated</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Truncated responses sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RespEDNS0</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews Responses with EDNS(0) sent.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">RespTSIG</strong></span></p>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Responses with TSIG sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RespSIG0</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Responses with SIG(0) sent.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QrySuccess</strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in a successful answer.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater This means the query which returns a NOERROR response
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater with at least one answer RR.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">success</strong></span> counter
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryAuthAns</strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in authoritative answer.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryNoauthAns</strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SNaAns</strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in non authoritative answer.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryReferral</strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in referral answer.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">referral</strong></span> counter
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryNxrrset</strong></span></p>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in NOERROR responses with no data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nxrrset</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QrySERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFail</strong></span></p>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Queries resulted in SERVFAIL.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryFORMERR</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SFErr</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in FORMERR.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryNXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SNXD</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries resulted in NXDOMAIN.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">nxdomain</strong></span> counter
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of previous versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryRecursion</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">RFwdQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Queries which caused the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to perform recursion in order to find the final answer.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This corresponds to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">recursion</strong></span> counter
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">QryDuplicate</strong></span></p>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">RDupQ</strong></span></p>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Queries which the server attempted to
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater recurse but discovered an existing query with the same
f7b2875691497b292eacb60609be23a813d14e63Automatic Updater IP address, port, query ID, name, type and class
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater already being processed.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">duplicate</strong></span> counter
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryDropped</strong></span></p>
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater Queries for which the server
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater discovered an excessive number of existing
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater recursive queries for the same name, type and
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater class and were subsequently dropped.
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater This corresponds to the
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dropped</strong></span> counter
3acf5eb97cebc2ba868e6ac4a4e01e6d1be0c892Automatic Updater of previous versions of
db6353c9b89628e16f6e729ce57baabad3460c49Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">QryFailure</strong></span></p>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater Other query failures.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater <span><strong class="command">failure</strong></span> counter
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">XfrReqDone</strong></span></p>
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
06ac94d81a56d4acc2590cc98c1bae5c89b8eeebAutomatic Updater Requested zone transfers completed.
bafdc1ebe80e1bc359bfbb48aa88790c7bbdc749Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateReqFwd</strong></span></p>
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Update requests forwarded.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateRespFwd</strong></span></p>
089c63b69cdf6803aa8901aae3f2fbae58969511Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater Update responses forwarded.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateFwdFail</strong></span></p>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dynamic update forward failed.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateDone</strong></span></p>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates completed.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateFail</strong></span></p>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates failed.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">UpdateBadPrereq</strong></span></p>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates rejected due to prerequisite failure.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<a name="id2595524"></a>Zone Maintenance Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyOutv4</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews IPv4 notifies sent.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyOutv6</strong></span></p>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews IPv6 notifies sent.
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyInv4</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater IPv4 notifies received.
3daad56dbb60acbdd1e8f59a1cfbfb03d364dba8Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyInv6</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews IPv6 notifies received.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">NotifyRej</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Incoming notifies rejected.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SOAOutv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 SOA queries sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SOAOutv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 SOA queries sent.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">AXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 AXFR requested.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">AXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater IPv6 AXFR requested.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">IXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater IPv4 IXFR requested.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">IXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 IXFR requested.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">XfrSuccess</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfer requests succeeded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">XfrFail</strong></span></p>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Zone transfer requests failed.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews<a name="id2595975"></a>Resolver Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">Queryv4</strong></span></p>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews IPv4 queries sent.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Queryv6</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater IPv6 queries sent.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Responsev4</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RR</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater IPv4 responses received.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Responsev6</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RR</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater IPv6 responses received.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">NXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RNXD</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater NXDOMAIN received.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">SERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RFail</strong></span></p>
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater SERVFAIL received.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">FORMERR</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">RFErr</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews FORMERR received.
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">OtherError</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">RErr</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews Other errors received.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">EDNS0Fail</strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews EDNS(0) query failures.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Mismatch</strong></span></p>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RDupR</strong></span></p>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Mismatch responses received.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater When shown via an HTTP statistics channel,
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater this counter is shown in the
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Name Server Statistics section for brevity.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Truncated</strong></span></p>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Truncated responses received.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Lame</strong></span></p>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">RLame</strong></span></p>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Lame delegations received.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">Retry</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SDupQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Query retries performed.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv4</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SSysQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 NS address fetches invoked.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv6</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">SSysQ</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 NS address fetches invoked.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv4Fail</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4 NS address fetch failed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">GlueFetchv6Fail</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 NS address fetch failed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ValAttempt</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC validation attempted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ValOk</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC validation succeeded.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command">ValNegOk</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC validation on negative information succeeded.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <p><span><strong class="command">ValFail</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <p><span><strong class="command"></strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNSSEC validation failed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2596828"></a>Compatibility with <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND</em></span> 8 Counters</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Most statistics counters that were available
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8 are also supported in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 as shown in the above tables.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Here are notes about other counters that do not appear
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in these tables.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RFwdR,SFwdR</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These counters are not supported
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein because <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 does not adopt
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the notion of <span class="emphasis"><em>forwarding</em></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8 did.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RAXFR</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This counter is accessible in the Incoming Queries section.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">RIQ</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This counter is accessible in the Incoming Requests section.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ROpts</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This counter is not supported
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein because <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 9 does not care
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein about IP options in the first place.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">SErr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This counter could be implemented, but is not yet
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html">Prev</a>�</td>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter�5.�The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Lightweight Resolver�</td>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�Chapter�7.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</td>