d6fa26d0adaec6c910115be34fe7a5a5f402c14fMark Andrews<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<title>Chapter�6.�BIND 9 Configuration Reference</title>
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71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</th></tr>
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fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="Bv9ARM.ch06"></a>Chapter�6.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</h1></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#comment_syntax">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#include_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#include_statement"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#key_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#key_statement"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#logging_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#logging_statement"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#lwres_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#lwres_statement"><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#masters_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#masters_statement"><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_channels"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted_keys"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed_keys"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed-keys"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_file">Zone File</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#mx_records">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#ipv4_reverse">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_directives">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#generate_directive"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile">The Statistics File</a></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_counters">Statistics Counters</a></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration is broadly similar
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8; however, there are a few new
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews of configuration, such as views. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews 8 configuration files should work with few alterations in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9, although more complex configurations should be reviewed to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if they can be more efficiently implemented using the new features
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews found in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4 configuration files can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein converted to the new format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the shell script
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">contrib/named-bootconf/named-bootconf.sh</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="configuration_file_elements"></a>Configuration File Elements</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Following is a list of elements used throughout the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file documentation:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The name of an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> as
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt defined by the <span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>, <code class="varname">key_id</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or <code class="varname">acl_name</code> elements, see
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A named list of one or more <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews with optional <code class="varname">key_id</code> and/or
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A <code class="varname">masters_list</code> may include other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a DNS name, for example "<code class="literal">my.test.domain</code>".
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater A list of one or more <code class="varname">domain_name</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One to four integers valued 0 through
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt 255 separated by dots (`.'), such as <span class="command"><strong>123</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>45.67</strong></span> or <span class="command"><strong>89.123.45.67</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IPv4 address with exactly four elements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in <code class="varname">dotted_decimal</code> notation.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt An IPv6 address, such as <span class="command"><strong>2001:db8::1234</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews IPv6 scoped addresses that have ambiguity on their
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews scope zones must be disambiguated by an appropriate
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews zone ID with the percent character (`%') as
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews delimiter. It is strongly recommended to use
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews string zone names rather than numeric identifiers,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews in order to be robust against system configuration
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews changes. However, since there is no standard
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews mapping for such names and identifier values,
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews currently only interface names as link identifiers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported, assuming one-to-one mapping between
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews interfaces and links. For example, a link-local
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt address <span class="command"><strong>fe80::1</strong></span> on the link
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt attached to the interface <span class="command"><strong>ne0</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt can be specified as <span class="command"><strong>fe80::1%ne0</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews Note that on most systems link-local addresses
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews always have the ambiguity, and need to be
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews disambiguated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An <code class="varname">ip4_addr</code> or <code class="varname">ip6_addr</code>.
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User A <code class="varname">number</code> between 0 and 63, used
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User to select a differentiated services code point (DSCP)
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User value for use with outgoing traffic on operating systems
3a32ac2a720653083c7a22cb654b86c398f6d4c8Tinderbox User that support DSCP.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews The <code class="varname">number</code> is limited to 0
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through 65535, with values
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below 1024 typically restricted to use by processes running
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews In some cases, an asterisk (`*') character can be used as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein placeholder to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein select a random high-numbered port.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An IP network specified as an <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by a slash (`/') and then the number of bits in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Trailing zeros in a <code class="varname">ip_addr</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may omitted.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For example, <span class="command"><strong>127/8</strong></span> is the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt network <span class="command"><strong>127.0.0.0</strong></span> with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt netmask <span class="command"><strong>255.0.0.0</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>1.2.3.0/28</strong></span> is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt network <span class="command"><strong>1.2.3.0</strong></span> with netmask <span class="command"><strong>255.255.255.240</strong></span>.
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews When specifying a prefix involving a IPv6 scoped address
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews the scope may be omitted. In that case the prefix will
ceeb18e6907a10547859faa340ecad83bedae90cMark Andrews match packets from any scope.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A <code class="varname">domain_name</code> representing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name of a shared key, to be used for transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of one or more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separated by semicolons and ending with a semicolon.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews A non-negative 32-bit integer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (i.e., a number between 0 and 4294967295, inclusive).
549ab75392fba262b607be18fb95c6251e6c1e8aTinderbox User Its acceptable value might be further
549ab75392fba262b607be18fb95c6251e6c1e8aTinderbox User limited by the context in which it is used.
549ab75392fba262b607be18fb95c6251e6c1e8aTinderbox User A non-negative real number that can be specified to
549ab75392fba262b607be18fb95c6251e6c1e8aTinderbox User the nearest one hundredth. Up to five digits can be
549ab75392fba262b607be18fb95c6251e6c1e8aTinderbox User specified before a decimal point, and up to two
549ab75392fba262b607be18fb95c6251e6c1e8aTinderbox User digits after, so the maximum value is 99999.99.
549ab75392fba262b607be18fb95c6251e6c1e8aTinderbox User Acceptable values might be further limited by the
549ab75392fba262b607be18fb95c6251e6c1e8aTinderbox User context in which it is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A quoted string which will be used as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a pathname, such as <code class="filename">zones/master/my.test.domain</code>.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A list of an <code class="varname">ip_port</code> or a port
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater A port range is specified in the form of
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range</code></strong> followed by
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater two <code class="varname">ip_port</code>s,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, which represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater port numbers from <code class="varname">port_low</code> through
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_high</code>, inclusive.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">port_low</code> must not be larger than
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>range 1024 65535</code></strong> represents
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater ports from 1024 through 65535.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater In either case an asterisk (`*') character is not
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater allowed as a valid <code class="varname">ip_port</code>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User A 64-bit unsigned integer, or the keywords
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong> or
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>default</code></strong>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Integers may take values
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User 0 <= value <= 18446744073709551615, though
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User certain parameters
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (such as <span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span>) may
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User use a more limited range within these extremes.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User In most cases, setting a value to 0 does not
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User literally mean zero; it means "undefined" or
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User "as big as possible", depending on the context.
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User See the explanations of particular parameters
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User that use <code class="varname">size_spec</code>
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User for details on how they interpret its use.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User Numeric values can optionally be followed by a
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User scaling factor:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>K</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>k</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for kilobytes,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>M</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>m</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for megabytes, and
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>G</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>g</code></strong>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User for gigabytes, which scale by 1024, 1024*1024, and
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User 1024*1024*1024 respectively.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <code class="varname">unlimited</code> generally means
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User "as big as possible", and is usually the best
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User way to safely set a very large number.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User uses the limit that was in force when the server was started.
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User <code class="varname">size_spec</code> or integer value
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User followed by '%' to represent percents.
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User The behavior is exactly the same as
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User <code class="varname">size_or_percent</code> allows also
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User to specify a positive integer value followed by
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User '%' sign to represent percents.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Either <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The words <strong class="userinput"><code>true</code></strong> and <strong class="userinput"><code>false</code></strong> are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also accepted, as are the numbers <strong class="userinput"><code>1</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <strong class="userinput"><code>0</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein One of <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When used in a zone, <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>, and <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are restricted to slave and stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="address_match_lists"></a>Address Match Lists</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="id-1.7.4.4.2"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> = <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list_element</code></em> <span class="command"><strong>;</strong></span> ...
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User<em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list_element</code></em> = [ <span class="command"><strong>!</strong></span> ] ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_address</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_prefix</code></em> |
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>acl_name</code></em> | <span class="command"><strong>{</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> <span class="command"><strong>}</strong></span> )
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="id-1.7.4.4.3"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control for various server operations. They are also used in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews statements. The elements which constitute an address match
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews list can be any of the following:
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User an IP address (IPv4 or IPv6)
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User an IP prefix (in `/' notation)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt a key ID, as defined by the <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User the name of an address match list defined with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> statement
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User a nested address match list enclosed in braces
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Elements can be negated with a leading exclamation mark (`!'),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the match list names "any", "none", "localhost", and
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews "localnets" are predefined. More information on those names
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews can be found in the description of the acl statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The addition of the key clause made the name of this syntactic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein element something of a misnomer, since security keys can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to validate access without regard to a host or network address.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Nonetheless, the term "address match list" is still used
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews throughout the documentation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a given IP address or prefix is compared to an address
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews match list, the comparison takes place in approximately O(1)
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews time. However, key comparisons require that the list of keys
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be traversed until a matching key is found, and therefore may
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews be somewhat slower.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt used for access control, defining <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> ports, or in a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span>, and whether the element was negated.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews When used as an access control list, a non-negated match
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews allows access and a negated match denies access. If
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews there is no match, access is denied. The clauses
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion-on</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache-on</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>blackhole</strong></span>, and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>keep-response-order</strong></span> all use address match
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt lists. Similarly, the <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> option will cause the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews server to refuse queries on any of the machine's
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews addresses which do not match the list.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Order of insertion is significant. If more than one element
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews in an ACL is found to match a given IP address or prefix,
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews preference will be given to the one that came
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> in the ACL definition.
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews Because of this first-match behavior, an element that
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews defines a subset of another element in the list should
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews come before the broader element, regardless of whether
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews either is negated. For example, in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>1.2.3/24; ! 1.2.3.13;</strong></span>
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews the 1.2.3.13 element is completely useless because the
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews algorithm will match any lookup for 1.2.3.13 to the 1.2.3/24
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt element. Using <span class="command"><strong>! 1.2.3.13; 1.2.3/24</strong></span> fixes
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews that problem by having 1.2.3.13 blocked by the negation, but
4556ad3a270bf049b3225433a402666aaffe3c36Mark Andrews all other 1.2.3.* hosts fall through.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="comment_syntax"></a>Comment Syntax</h3></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 comment syntax allows for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comments to appear
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews anywhere that whitespace may appear in a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file. To appeal to programmers of all kinds, they can be written
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="id-1.7.4.5.3"></a>Syntax</h4></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">/* This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C */</pre>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">// This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in C++</pre>
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"># This is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> comment as in common UNIX shells
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater# and perl</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="id-1.7.4.5.4"></a>Definition and Usage</h4></div></div></div>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Comments may appear anywhere that whitespace may appear in
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> configuration file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments start with the two characters /* (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein star) and end with */ (star, slash). Because they are completely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein delimited with these characters, they can be used to comment only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a portion of a line or to span multiple lines.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C-style comments cannot be nested. For example, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is not valid because the entire comment ends with the first */:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">/* This is the start of a comment.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce This is still part of the comment.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce/* This is an incorrect attempt at nesting a comment. */
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce This is no longer in any comment. */
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein C++-style comments start with the two characters // (slash,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">// This is the start of a comment. The next line
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce// is a new comment, even though it is logically
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce// part of the previous comment.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Shell-style (or perl-style, if you prefer) comments start
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the character <code class="literal">#</code> (number sign)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and continue to the end of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein physical line, as in C++ comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting"># This is the start of a comment. The next line
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce# is a new comment, even though it is logically
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce# part of the previous comment.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein You cannot use the semicolon (`;') character
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to start a comment such as you would in a zone file. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein semicolon indicates the end of a configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Configuration_File_Grammar"></a>Configuration File Grammar</h2></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews A <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 configuration consists of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements and comments.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statements end with a semicolon. Statements and comments are the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only elements that can appear without enclosing braces. Many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements contain a block of sub-statements, which are also
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein terminated with a semicolon.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following statements are supported:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching list, for access control and other uses.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein declares control channels to be used
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by the <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> utility.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein includes a file.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies key information for use in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authentication and authorization using TSIG.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies what the server logs, and where
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log messages are sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt configures <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt also act as a light-weight resolver daemon (<span class="command"><strong>lwresd</strong></span>).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a named masters list for
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater inclusion in stub and slave zones'
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> lists.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls global server configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options and sets defaults for other statements.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span></p>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater sets certain configuration options on
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater a per-server basis.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span></p>
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater declares communication channels to get access to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> statistics.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines trusted DNSSEC keys.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span></p>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater lists DNSSEC keys to be kept up to date
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater using RFC 5011 trust anchor maintenance.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a view.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein defines a zone.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statements may only occur once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="acl_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="acl"></a><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> statement assigns a symbolic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name to an address match list. It gets its name from a primary
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use of address match lists: Access Control Lists (ACLs).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following ACLs are built-in:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>any</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches all hosts.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>none</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches no hosts.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>localhost</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of all network
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User interfaces on the system. When addresses are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt added or removed, the <span class="command"><strong>localhost</strong></span>
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User ACL element is updated to reflect the changes.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>localnets</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Matches any host on an IPv4 or IPv6 network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for which the system has an interface.
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User When addresses are added or removed,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>localnets</strong></span>
a87790b9d8e062fac1b2dfb8903e77bfe92a3891Tinderbox User ACL element is updated to reflect the changes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Some systems do not provide a way to determine the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local IPv6 addresses.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt In such a case, <span class="command"><strong>localnets</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only matches the local
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IPv6 addresses, just like <span class="command"><strong>localhost</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="controls_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>inet</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> |
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] allow
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... } [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>; ... } ] [ read-only
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>unix</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> perm <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>owner</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> group <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>; ... } ] [ read-only
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> ];
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="controls_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement declares control
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channels to be used by system administrators to control the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation of the name server. These control channels are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt used by the <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> utility to send
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews commands to and retrieve non-DNS results from a name server.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt An <span class="command"><strong>inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt listening at the specified <span class="command"><strong>ip_port</strong></span> on the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt specified <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt address. An <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code> (asterisk) is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt use an <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If you will only use <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> on the local host,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using the loopback address (<code class="literal">127.0.0.1</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews or <code class="literal">::1</code>) is recommended for maximum security.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews If no port is specified, port 953 is used. The asterisk
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for <span class="command"><strong>ip_port</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The ability to issue commands over the control channel is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt restricted by the <span class="command"><strong>allow</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> clauses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Connections to the control channel are permitted based on the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span>. This is for simple
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IP address based filtering only; any <span class="command"><strong>key_id</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt elements of the <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews are ignored.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt A <span class="command"><strong>unix</strong></span> control channel is a UNIX domain
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews socket listening at the specified path in the file system.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Access to the socket is specified by the <span class="command"><strong>perm</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>owner</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>group</strong></span> clauses.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Note on some platforms (SunOS and Solaris) the permissions
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (<span class="command"><strong>perm</strong></span>) are applied to the parent directory
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews as the permissions on the socket itself are ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary authorization mechanism of the command
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt channel is the <span class="command"><strong>key_list</strong></span>, which
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt contains a list of <span class="command"><strong>key_id</strong></span>s.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Each <span class="command"><strong>key_id</strong></span> in the <span class="command"><strong>key_list</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is authorized to execute commands over the control channel.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#rndc">Remote Name Daemon Control application</a> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#admin_tools" title="Administrative Tools">the section called “Administrative Tools”</a>)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for information about configuring keys in <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span>.
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User If the <span class="command"><strong>read-only</strong></span> clause is enabled, the
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User control channel is limited to the following set of read-only
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User commands: <span class="command"><strong>nta -dump</strong></span>,
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>status</strong></span>,
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>showzone</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>testgen</strong></span>, and
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>zonestatus</strong></span>. By default,
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>read-only</strong></span> is not enabled and the control
d7a61cfbe56ebfa1682e949e48b4d08840234d8fTinderbox User channel allows read-write access.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If no <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement is present,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will set up a default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein control channel listening on the loopback address 127.0.0.1
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and its IPv6 counterpart ::1.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt In this case, and also when the <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is present but does not have a <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> clause,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will attempt to load the command channel key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the file <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc</code> (or whatever <code class="varname">sysconfdir</code>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews was specified as when <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> was built).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To create a <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file, run
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature was created to
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews ease the transition of systems from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which did not have digital signatures on its command channel
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt messages and thus did not have a <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> clause.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews It makes it possible to use an existing <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews configuration file in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 unchanged,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and still have <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> work the same way
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ndc</strong></span> worked in BIND 8, simply by executing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command <strong class="userinput"><code>rndc-confgen -a</code></strong> after BIND 9 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> feature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only intended to allow the backward-compatible usage of
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 configuration files, this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein feature does not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have a high degree of configurability. You cannot easily change
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the key name or the size of the secret, so you should make a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> with your own key if you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein wish to change
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein those things. The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also has its
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permissions set such that only the owner of the file (the user that
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is running as) can access it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein desire greater flexibility in allowing other users to access
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> commands, then you need to create
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> file and make it group
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein readable by a group
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that contains the users who should have access.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews To disable the command channel, use an empty
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>controls { };</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="include_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em><span class="command"><strong>;</strong></span></pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="include_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> statement inserts the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt specified file at the point where the <span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statement is encountered. The <span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement facilitates the administration of configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by permitting the reading or writing of some things but not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein others. For example, the statement could include private keys
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are readable only by the name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="key_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>algorithm</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>secret</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="key_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> statement defines a shared
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt secret key for use with TSIG (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or the command channel
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> statement can occur at the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of the configuration file or inside a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statement. Keys defined in top-level <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements can be used in all views. Keys intended for use in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt a <span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> statement
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein must be defined at the top level.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>, also known as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein key name, is a domain name uniquely identifying the key. It can
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt be used in a <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement to cause requests sent to that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server to be signed with this key, or in address match lists to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein verify that incoming requests have been signed with a key
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this name, algorithm, and secret.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm_id</code></em> is a string
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User that specifies a security/authentication algorithm. The
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server supports <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews and <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code> TSIG authentication.
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews Truncated hashes are supported by appending the minimum
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews number of required bits preceded by a dash, e.g.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>secret_string</code></em> is the secret
58400e502ee439c8171ad7a2834e6b3d21a1702dTinderbox User to be used by the algorithm, and is treated as a Base64
7329012471d165cd3dc4180ad2a0a43de91e7f01Mark Andrews encoded string.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="logging_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>category</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>channel</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>buffered</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> [ versions ( "unlimited" | <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> )
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt ] [ size <em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>print-category</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>print-severity</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>print-time</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>severity</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>log_severity</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>stderr</strong></span>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>syslog_facility</code></em> ];
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="logging_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> statement configures a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt variety of logging options for the name server. Its <span class="command"><strong>channel</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associates output methods, format options and severity levels with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt a name that can then be used with the <span class="command"><strong>category</strong></span> phrase
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to select how various classes of messages are logged.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Only one <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> statement is used to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt as many channels and categories as are wanted. If there is no <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the logging configuration will be:
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson category unmatched { null; };
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is started with the
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User <code class="option">-L</code> option, it logs to the specified file
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User at startup, instead of using syslog. In this case the logging
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User configuration will be:
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User category default { default_logfile; default_debug; };
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User category unmatched { null; };
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the logging configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is only established when
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews the entire configuration file has been parsed. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, it was
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt established as soon as the <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was parsed. When the server is starting up, all logging messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regarding syntax errors in the configuration file go to the default
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User channels, or to standard error if the <code class="option">-g</code> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein was specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="channel"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>channel</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All log output goes to one or more <span class="emphasis"><em>channels</em></span>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you can make as many of them as you want.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Every channel definition must include a destination clause that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein says whether messages selected for the channel go to a file, to a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein particular syslog facility, to the standard error stream, or are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein discarded. It can optionally also limit the message severity level
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that will be accepted by the channel (the default is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>info</strong></span>), and whether to include a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>-generated time stamp, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein category name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and/or severity level (the default is not to include any).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein causes all messages sent to the channel to be discarded;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in that case, other options for the channel are meaningless.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>file</strong></span> destination clause directs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to a disk file. It can include limitations
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein both on how large the file is allowed to become, and how many
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the file will be saved each time the file is opened.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If you use the <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span> log file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein option, then
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will retain that many backup
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein versions of the file by
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews renaming them when opening. For example, if you choose to keep
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews three old versions
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews of the file <code class="filename">lamers.log</code>, then just
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before it is opened
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code> is renamed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">lamers.log.2</code>, <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code> is renamed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to <code class="filename">lamers.log.1</code>, and <code class="filename">lamers.log</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein renamed to <code class="filename">lamers.log.0</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt You can say <span class="command"><strong>versions unlimited</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the number of versions.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If a <span class="command"><strong>size</strong></span> option is associated with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the log file,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then renaming is only done when the file being opened exceeds the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated size. No backup versions are kept by default; any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log file is simply appended.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>size</strong></span> option for files is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to limit log
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt growth. If the file ever exceeds the size, then <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt stop writing to the file unless it has a <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein associated with it. If backup versions are kept, the files are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein described above and a new one begun. If there is no
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span> option, no more data will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be written to the log
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein until some out-of-band mechanism removes or truncates the log to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein less than the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein maximum size. The default behavior is not to limit the size of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Example usage of the <span class="command"><strong>size</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span> options:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel an_example_channel {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce file "example.log" versions 3 size 20m;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce print-time yes;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce print-category yes;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the system log. Its argument is a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt syslog facility as described in the <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> man
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt page. Known facilities are <span class="command"><strong>kern</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>user</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>mail</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>daemon</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>auth</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>lpr</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>news</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>uucp</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>cron</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>authpriv</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ftp</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local0</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local1</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>local2</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local3</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local4</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>local5</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>local6</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>local7</strong></span>, however not all facilities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are supported on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all operating systems.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt How <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> will handle messages
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt this facility is described in the <span class="command"><strong>syslog.conf</strong></span> man
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt page. If you have a system which uses a very old version of <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> that
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt only uses two arguments to the <span class="command"><strong>openlog()</strong></span> function,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then this clause is silently ignored.
8a8a1fe98c89d0c683387b15a93b36ee7fe34b77Tinderbox User On Windows machines syslog messages are directed to the EventViewer.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>severity</strong></span> clause works like <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span>'s
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "priorities", except that they can also be used if you are writing
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt straight to a file rather than using <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Messages which are not at least of the severity level given will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be selected for the channel; messages of higher severity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be accepted.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If you are using <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span>, then the <span class="command"><strong>syslog.conf</strong></span> priorities
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will also determine what eventually passes through. For example,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt defining a channel facility and severity as <span class="command"><strong>daemon</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>debug</strong></span> but
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt only logging <span class="command"><strong>daemon.warning</strong></span> via <span class="command"><strong>syslog.conf</strong></span> will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt cause messages of severity <span class="command"><strong>info</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notice</strong></span> to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt be dropped. If the situation were reversed, with <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> writing
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt messages of only <span class="command"><strong>warning</strong></span> or higher,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt then <span class="command"><strong>syslogd</strong></span> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein print all messages it received from the channel.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>stderr</strong></span> destination clause
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein channel to the server's standard error stream. This is intended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use when the server is running as a foreground process, for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when debugging a configuration.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server can supply extensive debugging information when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it is in debugging mode. If the server's global debug level is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein than zero, then debugging mode will be active. The global debug
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt level is set either by starting the <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the <code class="option">-d</code> flag followed by a positive integer,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt or by running <span class="command"><strong>rndc trace</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The global debug level
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt can be set to zero, and debugging mode turned off, by running <span class="command"><strong>rndc
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinnotrace</strong></span>. All debugging messages in the server have a debug
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein level, and higher debug levels give more detailed output. Channels
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that specify a specific debug severity, for example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel specific_debug_level {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce severity debug 3;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will get debugging output of level 3 or less any time the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server is in debugging mode, regardless of the global debugging
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt level. Channels with <span class="command"><strong>dynamic</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein severity use the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's global debug level to determine what messages to print.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>print-time</strong></span> has been turned on,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the date and time will be logged. <span class="command"><strong>print-time</strong></span> may
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt be specified for a <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> channel,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but is usually
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt pointless since <span class="command"><strong>syslog</strong></span> also logs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the date and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt time. If <span class="command"><strong>print-category</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requested, then the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt category of the message will be logged as well. Finally, if <span class="command"><strong>print-severity</strong></span> is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt on, then the severity level of the message will be logged. The <span class="command"><strong>print-</strong></span> options may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be used in any combination, and will always be printed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order: time, category, severity. Here is an example where all
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt three <span class="command"><strong>print-</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="computeroutput">28-Feb-2000 15:05:32.863 general: notice: running</code>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>buffered</strong></span> has been turned on the output
a3ff24aaa545c45b8c581b2127d02d735aff8881Tinderbox User to files will not be flushed after each log entry. By default
a3ff24aaa545c45b8c581b2127d02d735aff8881Tinderbox User all log messages are flushed.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are four predefined channels that are used for
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>'s default logging as follows.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is started with the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt fifth channel <span class="command"><strong>default_logfile</strong></span> is added.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein How they are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt used is described in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_category_phrase" title="The category Phrase">the section called “The <span class="command"><strong>category</strong></span> Phrase”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel default_syslog {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // send to syslog's daemon facility
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater syslog daemon;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // only send priority info and higher
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity info;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafssonchannel default_debug {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // write to named.run in the working directory
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // Note: stderr is used instead of "named.run" if
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User // the server is started with the '-g' option.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // log at the server's current debug level
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity dynamic;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafssonchannel default_stderr {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // writes to stderr
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // only send priority info and higher
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater severity info;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // toss anything sent to this channel
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox Userchannel default_logfile {
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User // this channel is only present if named is
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User // started with the -L option, whose argument
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User // provides the file name
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User // log at the server's current debug level
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User severity dynamic;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>default_debug</strong></span> channel has the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein property that it only produces output when the server's debug
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews nonzero. It normally writes to a file called <code class="filename">named.run</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the server's working directory.
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User For security reasons, when the <code class="option">-u</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein command line option is used, the <code class="filename">named.run</code> file
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is created only after <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein changed to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt new UID, and any debug output generated while <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein starting up and still running as root is discarded. If you need
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User to capture this output, you must run the server with the <code class="option">-L</code>
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User option to specify a default logfile, or the <code class="option">-g</code>
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User option to log to standard error which you can redirect to a file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Once a channel is defined, it cannot be redefined. Thus you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cannot alter the built-in channels directly, but you can modify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default logging by pointing categories at channels you have
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="the_category_phrase"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>category</strong></span> Phrase</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein There are many categories, so you can send the logs you want
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to see wherever you want, without seeing logs you don't want. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein you don't specify a list of channels for a category, then log
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in that category will be sent to the <span class="command"><strong>default</strong></span> category
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instead. If you don't specify a default category, the following
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "default default" is used:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If you start <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> with the
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User <code class="option">-L</code> option then the default category is:
11e9368a226272085c337e9e74b79808c16fbdbaTinderbox User<pre class="programlisting">category default { default_logfile; default_debug; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As an example, let's say you want to log security events to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a file, but you also want keep the default logging behavior. You'd
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the following:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">channel my_security_channel {
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce file "my_security_file";
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce severity info;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafssoncategory security {
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson my_security_channel;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson default_syslog;
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson default_debug;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt To discard all messages in a category, specify the <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span> channel:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">category xfer-out { null; };
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafssoncategory notify { null; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following are the available categories and brief descriptions
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the types of log information they contain. More
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews categories may be added in future <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> releases.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>client</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Processing of client requests.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>cname</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Logs nameservers that are skipped due to them being
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User a CNAME rather than A / AAAA records.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>config</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Configuration file parsing and processing.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>database</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Messages relating to the databases used
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User internally by the name server to store zone and cache
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>default</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User The default category defines the logging
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User options for those categories where no specific
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User configuration has been
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>delegation-only</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Delegation only. Logs queries that have been
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User forced to NXDOMAIN as the result of a
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User delegation-only zone or a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>delegation-only</strong></span> in a
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User forward, hint or stub zone declaration.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>dispatch</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Dispatching of incoming packets to the
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User server modules where they are to be processed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>dnssec</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User DNSSEC and TSIG protocol processing.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span></p>
90d087cf9c73028362c63eaa41c87acc76fb8ec3Tinderbox User The "dnstap" DNS traffic capture system.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>edns-disabled</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Log queries that have been forced to use plain
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User DNS due to timeouts. This is often due to
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User the remote servers not being RFC 1034 compliant
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User (not always returning FORMERR or similar to
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User EDNS queries and other extensions to the DNS
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User when they are not understood). In other words, this is
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User targeted at servers that fail to respond to
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User DNS queries that they don't understand.
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Note: the log message can also be due to
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User packet loss. Before reporting servers for
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User non-RFC 1034 compliance they should be re-tested
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User to determine the nature of the non-compliance.
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User This testing should prevent or reduce the
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User number of false-positive reports.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Note: eventually <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will have to stop
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User treating such timeouts as due to RFC 1034 non
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User compliance and start treating it as plain
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User packet loss. Falsely classifying packet
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User loss as due to RFC 1034 non compliance impacts
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User on DNSSEC validation which requires EDNS for
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User the DNSSEC records to be returned.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>general</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User The catch-all. Many things still aren't
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User classified into categories, and they all end up here.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>lame-servers</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Lame servers. These are misconfigurations
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User in remote servers, discovered by BIND 9 when trying to
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User query those servers during resolution.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>network</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Network operations.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User The NOTIFY protocol.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>queries</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Specify where queries should be logged to.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt At startup, specifying the category <span class="command"><strong>queries</strong></span> will also
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt enable query logging unless <span class="command"><strong>querylog</strong></span> option has been
217ccfa85bf5581a32dce7e615e72a64f49597b6Tinderbox User The query log entry first reports a client object
217ccfa85bf5581a32dce7e615e72a64f49597b6Tinderbox User identifier in @0x<hexadecimal-number>
217ccfa85bf5581a32dce7e615e72a64f49597b6Tinderbox User format. Next, it reports the client's IP
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User address and port number, and the query name,
217ccfa85bf5581a32dce7e615e72a64f49597b6Tinderbox User class and type. Next, it reports whether the
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Recursion Desired flag was set (+ if set, -
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User if not set), if the query was signed (S),
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User EDNS was in used along with the EDNS version
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User number (E(#)), if TCP was used (T), if DO
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User (DNSSEC Ok) was set (D), if CD (Checking
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Disabled) was set (C), if a valid DNS Server
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User COOKIE was received (V), or if a DNS COOKIE
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User option without a valid Server COOKIE was
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User present (K). After this the destination
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User address the query was sent to is reported.
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#62536 (www.example.com): query: www.example.com IN AAAA +SE</code>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User <code class="computeroutput">client ::1#62537 (www.example.net): query: www.example.net IN AAAA -SE</code>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User (The first part of this log message, showing the
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User client address/port number and query name, is
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User repeated in all subsequent log messages related
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User to the same query.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>query-errors</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Information about queries that resulted in some
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User The start, periodic, and final notices of the
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User rate limiting of a stream of responses are logged at
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>info</strong></span> severity in this category.
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User These messages include a hash value of the domain name
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User of the response and the name itself,
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User except when there is insufficient memory to record
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User the name for the final notice
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User The final notice is normally delayed until about one
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User minute after rate limit stops.
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User A lack of memory can hurry the final notice,
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User in which case it starts with an asterisk (*).
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Various internal events are logged at debug 1 level
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Rate limiting of individual requests
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is logged in the <span class="command"><strong>query-errors</strong></span> category.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>resolver</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User DNS resolution, such as the recursive
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User lookups performed on behalf of clients by a caching name
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>rpz</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Information about errors in response policy zone files,
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User rewritten responses, and at the highest
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>debug</strong></span> levels, mere rewriting
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>security</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Approval and denial of requests.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>spill</strong></span></p>
41f0b3e098448867a0e7d41705214b650f3fccb3Tinderbox User Logs queries that have been terminated, either by dropping
41f0b3e098448867a0e7d41705214b650f3fccb3Tinderbox User or responding with SERVFAIL, as a result of a fetchlimit
41f0b3e098448867a0e7d41705214b650f3fccb3Tinderbox User quota being exceeded.
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>trust-anchor-telemetry</strong></span></p>
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User Logs trust-anchor-telemetry requests received by named.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>unmatched</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Messages that <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> was unable to determine the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt class of or for which there was no matching <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt A one line summary is also logged to the <span class="command"><strong>client</strong></span> category.
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User default it is sent to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>null</strong></span> channel.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>update</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Dynamic updates.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>update-security</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Approval and denial of update requests.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>xfer-in</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Zone transfers the server is receiving.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>xfer-out</strong></span></p>
fa535fa05f36a1a45027faf9d116cfa3249d9d72Tinderbox User Zone transfers the server is sending.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="query_errors"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>query-errors</strong></span> Category</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>query-errors</strong></span> category is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater specifically intended for debugging purposes: To identify
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater why and how specific queries result in responses which
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater indicate an error.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Messages of this category are therefore only logged
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with <span class="command"><strong>debug</strong></span> levels.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 1 or higher, each response with the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater rcode of SERVFAIL is logged as follows:
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="computeroutput">client 127.0.0.1#61502: query failed (SERVFAIL) for www.example.com/IN/AAAA at query.c:3880</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This means an error resulting in SERVFAIL was
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater detected at line 3880 of source file
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Log messages of this level will particularly
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater help identify the cause of SERVFAIL for an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater authoritative server.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 2 or higher, detailed context
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater information of recursive resolutions that resulted in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL is logged.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The log message will look like as follows:
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterfetch completed at resolver.c:2970 for www.example.com/A
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterin 30.000183: timed out/success [domain:example.com,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterreferral:2,restart:7,qrysent:8,timeout:5,lame:0,neterr:0,
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updaterbadresp:1,adberr:0,findfail:0,valfail:0]
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The first part before the colon shows that a recursive
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolution for AAAA records of www.example.com completed
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater in 30.000183 seconds and the final result that led to the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL was determined at line 2970 of source file
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The following part shows the detected final result and the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater latest result of DNSSEC validation.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The latter is always success when no validation attempt
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In this example, this query resulted in SERVFAIL probably
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater because all name servers are down or unreachable, leading
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to a timeout in 30 seconds.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation was probably not attempted.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The last part enclosed in square brackets shows statistics
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater information collected for this particular resolution
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The <code class="varname">domain</code> field shows the deepest zone
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater that the resolver reached;
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater it is the zone where the error was finally detected.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The meaning of the other fields is summarized in the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater following table.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">referral</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of referrals the resolver received
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater throughout the resolution process.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In the above example this is 2, which are most
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">restart</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of cycles that the resolver tried
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater remote servers at the <code class="varname">domain</code>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater In each cycle the resolver sends one query
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater (possibly resending it, depending on the response)
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater to each known name server of
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">qrysent</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of queries the resolver sent at the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">timeout</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of timeouts since the resolver
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater received the last response.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of lame servers the resolver detected
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater A server is detected to be lame either by an
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater invalid response or as a result of lookup in
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater BIND9's address database (ADB), where lame
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater servers are cached.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">neterr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of erroneous results that the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver encountered in sending queries
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case is the remote server is
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater unreachable and the resolver receives an ICMP
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater unreachable error message.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">badresp</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater The number of unexpected responses (other than
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">lame</code>) to queries sent by the
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater resolver at the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">adberr</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures in finding remote server addresses
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater of the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone in the ADB.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater One common case of this is that the remote
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater server's name does not have any address records.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">findfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of resolving remote server addresses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is a total number of failures throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater <p><code class="varname">valfail</code></p>
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Failures of DNSSEC validation.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Validation failures are counted throughout
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the resolution process (not limited to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater the <code class="varname">domain</code> zone), but should
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater only happen in <code class="varname">domain</code>.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 3 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 1 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Note that negative responses such as NXDOMAIN are not
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater regarded as errors here.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater At the debug levels of 4 or higher, the same messages
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater as those at the debug 2 level are logged for other errors
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater than SERVFAIL.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater Unlike the above case of level 3, messages are logged for
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater negative responses.
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater This is because any unexpected results can be difficult to
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater debug in the recursion case.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="lwres_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This is the grammar of the <span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>lwres {</strong></span>
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User [ <span class="command"><strong>listen-on {</strong></span>
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_addr</code></em> [ <span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_port</code></em> ] [ <span class="command"><strong>dscp</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ip_dscp</code></em> ] <span class="command"><strong>;</strong></span> )
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>};</strong></span> ]
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User [ <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em><span class="command"><strong>;</strong></span> ]
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User [ <span class="command"><strong>search {</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> <span class="command"><strong>;</strong></span> ... <span class="command"><strong>};</strong></span> ]
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User [ <span class="command"><strong>ndots</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em><span class="command"><strong>;</strong></span> ]
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User [ <span class="command"><strong>lwres-tasks</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em><span class="command"><strong>;</strong></span> ]
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User [ <span class="command"><strong>lwres-clients</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em><span class="command"><strong>;</strong></span> ]
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User<span class="command"><strong>};</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="lwres_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> statement configures the
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews server to also act as a lightweight resolver server. (See
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#lwresd" title="Running a Resolver Daemon">the section called “Running a Resolver Daemon”</a>.) There may be multiple
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>lwres</strong></span> statements configuring
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lightweight resolver servers with different properties.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> statement specifies a
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User IPv4 addresses (and ports) that this instance of a lightweight
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User resolver daemon
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should accept requests on. If no port is specified, port 921 is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If this statement is omitted, requests will be accepted on
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement binds this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein instance of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lightweight resolver daemon to a view in the DNS namespace, so that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response will be constructed in the same manner as a normal DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein matching this view. If this statement is omitted, the default view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used, and if there is no default view, an error is triggered.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>search</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>search</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It provides a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of domains
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which are appended to relative names in queries.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>ndots</strong></span> statement is equivalent to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ndots</strong></span> statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. It indicates the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number of dots in a relative domain name that should result in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exact match lookup before search path elements are appended.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User The <code class="option">lwres-tasks</code> statement specifies the number
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User of worker threads the lightweight resolver will dedicate to serving
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User clients. By default the number is the same as the number of CPUs on
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User the system; this can be overridden using the <code class="option">-n</code>
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User command line option when starting the server.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User The <code class="option">lwres-clients</code> specifies
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User the number of client objects per thread the lightweight
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User resolver should create to serve client queries.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User By default, if the lightweight resolver runs as a part
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>, 256 client objects are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt created for each task; if it runs as <span class="command"><strong>lwresd</strong></span>,
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User 1024 client objects are created for each thread. The maximum
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User value is 32768; higher values will be silently ignored and
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User the maximum will be used instead.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User Note that setting too high a value may overconsume
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User system resources.
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User The maximum number of client queries that the lightweight
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User resolver can handle at any one time equals
fc74b733bf679e1b3fb1599e32d445dffe325208Tinderbox User <code class="option">lwres-tasks</code> times <code class="option">lwres-clients</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="masters_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> [ port
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] ) [ key <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ]; ... };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="masters_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews lists allow for a common set of masters to be easily used by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt multiple stub and slave zones in their <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt or <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="options_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This is the grammar of the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement in the <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file:
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>acache-enable</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-auth</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-new-zones</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache-on</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion-on</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-update-forwarding</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters</code></em> |
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> [ port
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] ) [ key <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * )
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> |
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt * ) ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>auth-nxdomain</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>; // default changed
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec</strong></span> ( allow | maintain | off );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>automatic-interface-scan</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>portrange</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>portrange</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>bindkeys-file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>blackhole</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>cache-file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>catalog-zones</strong></span> { zone <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> [ default-masters [ port
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] ) [ key
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ]; ... } ] [ zone-directory <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> ] [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>in-memory</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> ] [ min-update-interval <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-dup-records</strong></span> ( fail | warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-mx</strong></span> ( fail | warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-mx-cname</strong></span> ( fail | warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span> ( master | slave | response
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt ) ( fail | warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-sibling</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-spf</strong></span> ( warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-srv-cname</strong></span> ( fail | warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-wildcard</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>cleaning-interval</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>clients-per-query</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>cookie-algorithm</strong></span> ( aes | sha1 | sha256 );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>cookie-secret</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>coresize</strong></span> ( default | unlimited | <em class="replaceable"><code>sizeval</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>datasize</strong></span> ( default | unlimited | <em class="replaceable"><code>sizeval</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... } [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>except-from</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>; ... } ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-aliases</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>; ... } [ except-from {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>; ... } ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span> ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>directory</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>disable-algorithms</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>disable-ds-digests</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> { <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>disable-empty-zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dns64</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>netprefix</code></em> {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>break-dnssec</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>clients</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>exclude</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>mapped</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>recursive-only</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>suffix</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dns64-contact</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dns64-server</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-enable</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> trust-anchor
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> | auto | no );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-must-be-secure</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-update-mode</strong></span> ( maintain | no-resign );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span> ( yes | no | auto );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> { ( all | auth | client | forwarder |
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>resolver</strong></span> ) [ ( query | response ) ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-identity</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> | none |
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>hostname</strong></span> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-output</strong></span> ( file | unix ) <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-version</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> | none );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dscp</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dual-stack-servers</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> [ port
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> [ port
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> [ port
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] ); ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dump-file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>empty-contact</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>empty-server</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>empty-zones-enable</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>fetch-quota-params</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>fixedpoint</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>fixedpoint</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>fixedpoint</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> [ ( drop | fail ) ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> [ ( drop | fail ) ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>files</strong></span> ( default | unlimited | <em class="replaceable"><code>sizeval</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span> ( break-dnssec | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v6</strong></span> ( break-dnssec | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> ( first | only );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em>
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> ) [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>fstrm-set-buffer-hint</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>fstrm-set-flush-timeout</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>fstrm-set-input-queue-size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>fstrm-set-output-notify-threshold</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>fstrm-set-output-queue-model</strong></span> ( mpsc | spsc );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>fstrm-set-output-queue-size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>fstrm-set-reopen-interval</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>geoip-directory</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> | none );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>geoip-use-ecs</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>heartbeat-interval</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>hostname</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> | none );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>inline-signing</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>interface-interval</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> ( master | slave | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>keep-response-order</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>key-directory</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>lame-ttl</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ttlval</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>listen-on-v6</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>lmdb-mapsize</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>sizeval</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>lock-file</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> | none );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys-directory</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span> ( map | raw | text );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-style</strong></span> ( full | relative );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>match-mapped-addresses</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-acache-size</strong></span> ( unlimited | <em class="replaceable"><code>sizeval</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-cache-size</strong></span> ( default | unlimited | <em class="replaceable"><code>sizeval</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>percentage</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-cache-ttl</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-clients-per-query</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span> ( unlimited | <em class="replaceable"><code>sizeval</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-records</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-recursion-depth</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-recursion-queries</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-refresh-time</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-retry-time</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-rsa-exponent-size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-udp-size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-zone-ttl</strong></span> ( unlimited | <em class="replaceable"><code>ttlval</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>memstatistics</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>memstatistics-file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>message-compression</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>min-refresh-time</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>min-retry-time</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>minimal-any</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>minimal-responses</strong></span> ( no-auth | no-auth-recursive | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>multi-master</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>no-case-compress</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nocookie-udp-size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span> ( explicit | master-only | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-delay</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-rate</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dscp</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ]
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-to-soa</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nta-lifetime</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ttlval</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nta-recheck</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ttlval</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nxdomain-redirect</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>pid-file</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> | none );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>preferred-glue</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>prefetch</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> ( ( [ address ] ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) [ port (
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) ]
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> ( ( [ address ] ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) [ port (
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) ]
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>querylog</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>random-device</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>errors-per-second</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>exempt-clients</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ipv4-prefix-length</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ipv6-prefix-length</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>log-only</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-table-size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>min-table-size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nodata-per-second</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nxdomains-per-second</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>qps-scale</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>referrals-per-second</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>window</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>recursing-file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>recursion</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>recursive-clients</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>request-expire</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>request-nsid</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>require-server-cookie</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>reserved-sockets</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>resolver-query-timeout</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> { zone <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> [ log <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> ] [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-policy-ttl</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ policy ( cname | disabled | drop |
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>given</strong></span> | no-op | nodata | nxdomain | passthru | tcp-only
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> ) ] [ recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> ]; ... } [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>break-dnssec</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> ] [ max-policy-ttl <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>min-ns-dots</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ nsip-wait-recurse <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> ] [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>qname-wait-recurse</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> ] [ recursive-only <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>root-delegation-only</strong></span> [ exclude { <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>; ... } ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span> { [ class <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ] [ type <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ] [ name
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> ] <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>secroots-file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>send-cookie</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>serial-query-rate</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method</strong></span> ( date | increment | unixtime );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>server-id</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> | none | hostname );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>servfail-ttl</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>ttlval</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>session-keyalg</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>session-keyfile</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> | none );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>session-keyname</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-nodes</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-signatures</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-type</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>stacksize</strong></span> ( default | unlimited | <em class="replaceable"><code>sizeval</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>startup-notify-rate</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>statistics-file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>tcp-clients</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>tcp-listen-queue</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>tkey-dhkey</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>tkey-domain</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>tkey-gssapi-credential</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>tkey-gssapi-keytab</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span> ( many-answers | one-answer );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-message-size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dscp</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * )
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfers-in</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfers-out</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfers-per-ns</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>trust-anchor-telemetry</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>; // experimental
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>try-tcp-refresh</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>portrange</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>portrange</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>v6-bias</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>version</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em> | none );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl-cache</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span> ( full | terse | none | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="options"></a><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement sets up global
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews to be used by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>. This statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may appear only
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt once in a configuration file. If there is no <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, an options block with each option set to its default will
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Allows multiple views to share a single cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Each view has its own cache database by default, but
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater if multiple views have the same operational policy
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater for name resolution and caching, those views can
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater share a single cache to save memory and possibly
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater improve resolution efficiency by using this option.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span> option
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt may also be specified in <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater statements, in which case it overrides the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt global <span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span> option.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>cache_name</code></em> specifies
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater the cache to be shared.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When the <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server configures
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater views which are supposed to share a cache, it
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater creates a cache with the specified name for the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater first view of these sharing views.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The rest of the views will simply refer to the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater already created cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater One common configuration to share a cache would be to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater allow all views to share a single cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater This can be done by specifying
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span> as a global
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater option with an arbitrary name.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Another possible operation is to allow a subset of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater all views to share a cache while the others to
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater retain their own caches.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater For example, if there are three views A, B, and C,
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater and only A and B should share a cache, specify the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>attach-cache</strong></span> option as a view A (or
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater B)'s option, referring to the other view name:
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view has its own cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view refers to A's cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater attach-cache "A";
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater // this view has its own cache
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Views that share a cache must have the same policy
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater on configurable parameters that may affect caching.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater The current implementation requires the following
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater configurable options be consistent among these
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>cleaning-interval</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-cache-ttl</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-cache-size</strong></span>, and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span>.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater Note that there may be other parameters that may
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater cause confusion if they are inconsistent for
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater different views that share a single cache.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater For example, if these views define different sets of
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater forwarders that can return different answers for the
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater same question, sharing the answer does not make
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater sense or could even be harmful.
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater It is administrator's responsibility to ensure
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater configuration differences in different views do
0ddeab91cf922fd977f37318620b4c69dccf8364Automatic Updater not cause disruption with a shared cache.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The working directory of the server.
f14ce68ee54a5a4587fbde4ffacb117946df2d73Tinderbox User Any non-absolute pathnames in the configuration file will
f14ce68ee54a5a4587fbde4ffacb117946df2d73Tinderbox User be taken as relative to this directory. The default
f14ce68ee54a5a4587fbde4ffacb117946df2d73Tinderbox User location for most server output files
f14ce68ee54a5a4587fbde4ffacb117946df2d73Tinderbox User (e.g. <code class="filename">named.run</code>) is this directory.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a directory is not specified, the working directory
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews defaults to `<code class="filename">.</code>', the directory from
f14ce68ee54a5a4587fbde4ffacb117946df2d73Tinderbox User which the server was started. The directory specified
f14ce68ee54a5a4587fbde4ffacb117946df2d73Tinderbox User should be an absolute path. It is
f14ce68ee54a5a4587fbde4ffacb117946df2d73Tinderbox User <span class="emphasis"><em>strongly recommended</em></span>
f14ce68ee54a5a4587fbde4ffacb117946df2d73Tinderbox User that the directory be writable by the effective user
f14ce68ee54a5a4587fbde4ffacb117946df2d73Tinderbox User ID of the <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> process.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> is a fast, flexible method
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User for capturing and logging DNS traffic. Developed by
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User Robert Edmonds at Farsight Security, Inc., and supported
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by multiple DNS implementations, <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>libfstrm</strong></span> (a lightweight high-speed
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User framing library, see
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="https://github.com/farsightsec/fstrm" target="_top">https://github.com/farsightsec/fstrm</a>) to send
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User event payloads which are encoded using Protocol Buffers
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (<span class="command"><strong>libprotobuf-c</strong></span>, a mechanism for
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User serializing structured data developed
9d557856c2a19ec95ee73245f60a92f8675cf5baTinderbox User by Google, Inc.; see
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/" target="_top">https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers</a>).
9d557856c2a19ec95ee73245f60a92f8675cf5baTinderbox User To enable <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> at compile time,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>fstrm</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>protobuf-c</strong></span>
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User libraries must be available, and BIND must be configured with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> option is a bracketed list
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User of message types to be logged. These may be set differently
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User for each view. Supported types are <code class="literal">client</code>,
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <code class="literal">auth</code>, <code class="literal">resolver</code>, and
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <code class="literal">forwarder</code>. Specifying type
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <code class="literal">all</code> will cause all <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User messages to be logged, regardless of type.
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User Each type may take an additional argument to indicate whether
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User to log <code class="literal">query</code> messages or
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <code class="literal">response</code> messages; if not specified,
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User both queries and responses are logged.
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User Example: To log all authoritative queries and responses,
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User recursive client responses, and upstream queries sent by
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User the resolver, use:
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User client response;
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User resolver query;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Logged <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> messages can be parsed
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt using the <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-read</strong></span> utility (see
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="man.dnstap-read.html" title="dnstap-read"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnstap-read</span></span>(1)</a> for details).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For more information on <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>, see
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://dnstap.info" target="_top">http://dnstap.info</a>.
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User The fstrm library has a number of tunables that are exposed
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, and can be modified
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User if necessary to improve performance or prevent loss of data.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>fstrm-set-buffer-hint</strong></span>: The
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User threshold number of bytes to accumulate in the output
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User buffer before forcing a buffer flush. The minimum is
d3e2a34ffb68b51dbe4da73420b9f88e847ff4a6Tinderbox User 1024, the maximum is 65536, and the default is 8192.
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>fstrm-set-flush-timeout</strong></span>: The number
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User of seconds to allow unflushed data to remain in the
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User output buffer. The minimum is 1 second, the maximum is
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User 600 seconds (10 minutes), and the default is 1 second.
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>fstrm-set-output-notify-threshold</strong></span>:
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User The number of outstanding queue entries to allow on
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User an input queue before waking the I/O thread.
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User The minimum is 1 and the default is 32.
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>fstrm-set-output-queue-model</strong></span>:
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User Controls the queuing semantics to use for queue
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User objects. The default is <code class="literal">mpsc</code>
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User (multiple producer, single consumer); the other
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User option is <code class="literal">spsc</code> (single producer,
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User single consumer).
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>fstrm-set-input-queue-size</strong></span>: The
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User number of queue entries to allocate for each
c2258eedf2d9d0207b45b90014f8fde5413b41a3Tinderbox User input queue. This value must be a power of 2.
c2258eedf2d9d0207b45b90014f8fde5413b41a3Tinderbox User The minimum is 2, the maximum is 16384, and
c2258eedf2d9d0207b45b90014f8fde5413b41a3Tinderbox User the default is 512.
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>fstrm-set-output-queue-size</strong></span>:
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User The number of queue entries to allocate for each
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User output queue. The minimum is 2, the maximum is
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User system-dependent and based on <code class="option">IOV_MAX</code>,
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User and the default is 64.
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>fstrm-set-reopen-interval</strong></span>:
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User The number of seconds to wait between attempts to
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User reopen a closed output stream. The minimum is 1 second,
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User the maximum is 600 seconds (10 minutes), and the default
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User is 5 seconds.
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User Note that all of the above minimum, maximum, and default
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User values are set by the <span class="command"><strong>libfstrm</strong></span> library,
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User and may be subject to change in future versions of the
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User library. See the <span class="command"><strong>libfstrm</strong></span> documentation
281ed127e3ed6c7e07792c19c3bc4562f71cfa90Tinderbox User for more information.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnstap-output</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Configures the path to which the <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt frame stream will be sent if <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span>
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User is enabled at compile time and active.
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User The first argument is either <code class="literal">file</code> or
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <code class="literal">unix</code>, indicating whether the destination
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User is a file or a UNIX domain socket. The second argument
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User is the path of the file or socket. (Note: when using a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt socket, <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> messages will
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User only be sent if another process such as
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>fstrm_capture</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (provided with <span class="command"><strong>libfstrm</strong></span>) is listening on
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-output</strong></span> can only be set globally
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>. Currently, it can only be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt set once while <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is running;
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User once set, it cannot be changed by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc reload</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc reconfig</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnstap-identity</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specifies an <span class="command"><strong>identity</strong></span> string to send in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> messages. If set to
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <code class="literal">hostname</code>, which is the default, the
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User server's hostname will be sent. If set to
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <code class="literal">none</code>, no identity string will be sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnstap-version</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specifies a <span class="command"><strong>version</strong></span> string to send in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> messages. The default is the
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User version number of the BIND release. If set to
10b865e9187fc77cae02f106ddcc9e03eecdfe06Tinderbox User <code class="literal">none</code>, no version string will be sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>geoip-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User Specifies the directory containing GeoIP
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User <code class="filename">.dat</code> database files for GeoIP
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User initialization. By default, this option is unset
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User and the GeoIP support will use libGeoIP's
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User built-in directory.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (For details, see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl" title="acl Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User Usage”</a> about the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>geoip</strong></span> ACL.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When performing dynamic update of secure zones, the
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater directory where the public and private DNSSEC key files
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater should be found, if different than the current working
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater directory. (Note that this option has no effect on the
8e821eea5f57ac47a94305aa7ab0c3570d92a311Automatic Updater paths for files containing non-DNSSEC keys such as
f8da2eefea1ea17bb233fa8c0c9b18404075dd9cAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">session.key</code>.)
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>lmdb-mapsize</strong></span></span></dt>
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User When <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is built with liblmdb,
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User this option sets a maximum size for the memory map of
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User the new-zone database (NZD) in LMDB database format.
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User This database is used to store configuration information
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User for zones added using <span class="command"><strong>rndc addzone</strong></span>.
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User Note that this is not the NZD database file size, but
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User the largest size that the database may grow to.
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User Because the database file is memory mapped, its size is
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User limited by the address space of the named process. The
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User default of 32 megabytes was chosen to be usable with
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User 32-bit <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> builds. The largest
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User permitted value is 1 terabyte. Given typical zone
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User configurations without elaborate ACLs, a 32 MB NZD file
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User ought to be able to hold configurations of about 100,000
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User Specifies the directory in which to store the files that
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User track managed DNSSEC keys. By default, this is the working
f14ce68ee54a5a4587fbde4ffacb117946df2d73Tinderbox User directory. The directory <span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span>
f14ce68ee54a5a4587fbde4ffacb117946df2d73Tinderbox User be writable by the effective user ID of the
f14ce68ee54a5a4587fbde4ffacb117946df2d73Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> process.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is not configured to use views,
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User then managed keys for the server will be tracked in a single
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User file called <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind</code>.
b397f922936e9f73aa8c3ea40be3ad74285dacaaTinderbox User Otherwise, managed keys will be tracked in separate files,
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User one file per view; each file name will be the view name
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User (or, if it contains characters that are incompatible with
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User use as a file name, the SHA256 hash of the view name),
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User followed by the extension
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User (Note: in previous releases, file names for views
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User always used the SHA256 hash of the view name. To ensure
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User compatibility after upgrade, if a file using the old
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User name format is found to exist, it will be used instead
369963ad26cef09c3839d76c74c2d856f91be27aTinderbox User of the new format.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>named-xfer</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete.</em></span> It
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to specify
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the pathname to the <span class="command"><strong>named-xfer</strong></span>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews program. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, no separate
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named-xfer</strong></span> program is needed;
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews its functionality is built into the name server.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tkey-gssapi-keytab</strong></span></span></dt>
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater The KRB5 keytab file to use for GSS-TSIG updates. If
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater this option is set and tkey-gssapi-credential is not
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater set, then updates will be allowed with any key
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater matching a principal in the specified keytab.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tkey-gssapi-credential</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The security credential with which the server should
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews authenticate keys requested by the GSS-TSIG protocol.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews Currently only Kerberos 5 authentication is available
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater and the credential is a Kerberos principal which the
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater server can acquire through the default system key
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater file, normally <code class="filename">/etc/krb5.keytab</code>.
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater The location keytab file can be overridden using the
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater tkey-gssapi-keytab option. Normally this principal is
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater of the form "<strong class="userinput"><code>DNS/</code></strong><code class="varname">server.domain</code>".
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt To use GSS-TSIG, <span class="command"><strong>tkey-domain</strong></span> must
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater also be set if a specific keytab is not set with
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater tkey-gssapi-keytab.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tkey-domain</strong></span></span></dt>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The domain appended to the names of all shared keys
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt generated with <span class="command"><strong>TKEY</strong></span>. When a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt client requests a <span class="command"><strong>TKEY</strong></span> exchange,
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews it may or may not specify the desired name for the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews key. If present, the name of the shared key will
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater be <code class="varname">client specified part</code> +
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>. Otherwise, the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews name of the shared key will be <code class="varname">random hex
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews digits</code> + <code class="varname">tkey-domain</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt In most cases, the <span class="command"><strong>domainname</strong></span>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews should be the server's domain name, or an otherwise
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews non-existent subdomain like
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews "_tkey.<code class="varname">domainname</code>". If you are
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater using GSS-TSIG, this variable must be defined, unless
517ae3de96aaf870049c52f1224e38a85fe7f21aAutomatic Updater you specify a specific keytab using tkey-gssapi-keytab.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tkey-dhkey</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Diffie-Hellman key used by the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to generate shared keys with clients using the Diffie-Hellman
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of <span class="command"><strong>TKEY</strong></span>. The server must be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein able to load the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein public and private keys from files in the working directory.
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User most cases, the <code class="varname">key_name</code> should be the server's host name.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>cache-file</strong></span></span></dt>
22c71c7b86fa57a19f7df0da4222eb8593e6ad12Mark Andrews This is for testing only. Do not use.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dump-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server dumps
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the database to when instructed to do so with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc dumpdb</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named_dump.db</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>memstatistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server writes memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein usage statistics to on exit. If not specified,
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews the default is <code class="filename">named.memstats</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>lock-file</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The pathname of a file on which <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User attempt to acquire a file lock when starting up for
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User the first time; if unsuccessful, the server will
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User will terminate, under the assumption that another
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User server is already running. If not specified, the default is
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.lock</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specifying <span class="command"><strong>lock-file none</strong></span> disables the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt use of a lock file. <span class="command"><strong>lock-file</strong></span> is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt ignored if <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> was run using the <code class="option">-X</code>
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User option, which overrides it. Changes to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>lock-file</strong></span> are ignored if
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is being reloaded or
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User reconfigured; it is only effective when the server is
947d37484ed01966a9e89dd27f62c1b427324dc2Tinderbox User first started up.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>pid-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater in. If not specified, the default is
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code>.
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater The PID file is used by programs that want to send signals to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt name server. Specifying <span class="command"><strong>pid-file none</strong></span> disables the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use of a PID file — no file will be written and any
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt existing one will be removed. Note that <span class="command"><strong>none</strong></span>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews is a keyword, not a filename, and therefore is not enclosed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein double quotes.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>recursing-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews The pathname of the file the server dumps
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews the queries that are currently recursing when instructed
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to do so with <span class="command"><strong>rndc recursing</strong></span>.
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrews If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.recursing</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-file</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The pathname of the file the server appends statistics
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to when instructed to do so using <span class="command"><strong>rndc stats</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is <code class="filename">named.stats</code> in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server's current directory. The format of the file is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>bindkeys-file</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater The pathname of a file to override the built-in trusted
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt keys provided by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User See the discussion of <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span>
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User for details. If not specified, the default is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater <code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>secroots-file</strong></span></span></dt>
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater The pathname of the file the server dumps
1238b38c9f0ab563b762dc0fd00ac6c34c2b7295Automatic Updater security roots to when instructed to do so with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc secroots</strong></span>.
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater If not specified, the default is
54e57d8ff46096e9c6a9af95f2522b56cb3877b2Automatic Updater <code class="filename">named.secroots</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>session-keyfile</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The pathname of the file into which to write a TSIG
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt session key generated by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> for use by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate -l</strong></span>. If not specified, the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater default is <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>, and in
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater particular the discussion of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement's
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong> option for more
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater information about this feature.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>session-keyname</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The key name to use for the TSIG session key.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater If not specified, the default is "local-ddns".
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>session-keyalg</strong></span></span></dt>
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater The algorithm to use for the TSIG session key.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Valid values are hmac-sha1, hmac-sha224, hmac-sha256,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater hmac-sha384, hmac-sha512 and hmac-md5. If not
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater specified, the default is hmac-sha256.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein receiving and sending DNS protocol traffic.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 53. This option is mainly intended for server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a server using a port other than 53 will not be able to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein communicate with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the global DNS.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dscp</strong></span></span></dt>
ef8014e56f35bb36daa5fd2c313f5e7963e97aa1Tinderbox User The global Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)
ef8014e56f35bb36daa5fd2c313f5e7963e97aa1Tinderbox User value to classify outgoing DNS traffic on operating
ef8014e56f35bb36daa5fd2c313f5e7963e97aa1Tinderbox User systems that support DSCP. Valid values are 0 through 63.
ef8014e56f35bb36daa5fd2c313f5e7963e97aa1Tinderbox User It is not configured by default.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>random-device</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The source of entropy to be used by the server. Entropy is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein primarily needed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for DNSSEC operations, such as TKEY transactions and dynamic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein update of signed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zones. This options specifies the device (or file) from which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entropy. If this is a file, operations requiring entropy will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fail when the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file has been exhausted. If not specified, the default value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (or equivalent) when present, and none otherwise. The
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>random-device</strong></span> option takes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein effect during
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the initial configuration load at server startup time and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is ignored on subsequent reloads.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>preferred-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews If specified, the listed type (A or AAAA) will be emitted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein before other glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the additional section of a query response.
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User The default is to prefer A records when responding
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User to queries that arrived via IPv4 and AAAA when
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User responding to queries that arrived via IPv6.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="root_delegation_only"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>root-delegation-only</strong></span></span>
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Turn on enforcement of delegation-only in TLDs
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater (top level domains) and root zones with an optional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein exclude list.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater DS queries are expected to be made to and be answered by
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater delegation only zones. Such queries and responses are
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater treated as an exception to delegation-only processing
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater and are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses provided
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater a CNAME is not discovered at the query name.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater If a delegation only zone server also serves a child
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater zone it is not always possible to determine whether
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater an answer comes from the delegation only zone or the
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater child zone. SOA NS and DNSKEY records are apex
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater only records and a matching response that contains
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater these records or DS is treated as coming from a
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater child zone. RRSIG records are also examined to see
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater if they are signed by a child zone or not. The
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater authority section is also examined to see if there
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater is evidence that the answer is from the child zone.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Answers that are determined to be from a child zone
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater are not converted to NXDOMAIN responses. Despite
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater all these checks there is still a possibility of
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater false negatives when a child zone is being served.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Similarly false positives can arise from empty nodes
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater (no records at the name) in the delegation only zone
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater when the query type is not ANY.
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater Note some TLDs are not delegation only (e.g. "DE", "LV",
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater "US" and "MUSEUM"). This list is not exhaustive.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews root-delegation-only exclude { "de"; "lv"; "us"; "museum"; };
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>disable-algorithms</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Disable the specified DNSSEC algorithms at and below the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified name.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Multiple <span class="command"><strong>disable-algorithms</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements are allowed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Only the best match <span class="command"><strong>disable-algorithms</strong></span>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User clause will be used to determine which algorithms are used.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User If all supported algorithms are disabled, the zones covered
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by the <span class="command"><strong>disable-algorithms</strong></span> will be treated
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>disable-ds-digests</strong></span></span></dt>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User Disable the specified DS/DLV digest types at and below the
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User specified name.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Multiple <span class="command"><strong>disable-ds-digests</strong></span>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User statements are allowed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Only the best match <span class="command"><strong>disable-ds-digests</strong></span>
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User clause will be used to determine which digest types are used.
aa444144ad14bdd909fe5b70e1f7730b46ec6072Tinderbox User If all supported digest types are disabled, the zones covered
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by the <span class="command"><strong>disable-ds-digests</strong></span> will be treated
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When set, <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> provides the
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater validator with an alternate method to validate DNSKEY
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater records at the top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater below a domain specified by the deepest
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span>, and the normal DNSSEC
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater validation has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater will be appended to the key name and a DLV record will be
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater looked up to see if it can validate the key. If the DLV
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater record validates a DNSKEY (similarly to the way a DS
d060d8669f5558690e7faf4a1c12fe5c02a7c60dAutomatic Updater record does) the DNSKEY RRset is deemed to be trusted.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside</strong></span> is set to
36da16fa31fa2a582afe67010ba449a57177fd2fAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then dnssec-lookaside
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User NOTE: The ISC-provided DLV service at
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User <code class="literal">dlv.isc.org</code>, has been shut down.
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-lookaside auto;</strong></span>
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User configuration option, which set <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User up to use ISC DLV with minimal configuration, has
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User accordingly been removed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-must-be-secure</strong></span></span></dt>
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater Specify hierarchies which must be or may not be secure
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater (signed and validated). If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt then <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will only accept answers if
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater they are secure. If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, then normal
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater DNSSEC validation applies allowing for insecure answers to
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater be accepted. The specified domain must be under a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement, or
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation auto</strong></span> must be active.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dns64</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This directive instructs <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater return mapped IPv4 addresses to AAAA queries when
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater there are no AAAA records. It is intended to be
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater used in conjunction with a NAT64. Each
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dns64</strong></span> defines one DNS64 prefix.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Multiple DNS64 prefixes can be defined.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater Compatible IPv6 prefixes have lengths of 32, 40, 48, 56,
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater 64 and 96 as per RFC 6052.
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater Additionally a reverse IP6.ARPA zone will be created for
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater the prefix to provide a mapping from the IP6.ARPA names
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater to the corresponding IN-ADDR.ARPA names using synthesized
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt CNAMEs. <span class="command"><strong>dns64-server</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dns64-contact</strong></span> can be used to specify
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater the name of the server and contact for the zones. These
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater are settable at the view / options level. These are
65ad89971ee9973074cd11c207af92bf5440df01Automatic Updater not settable on a per-prefix basis.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Each <span class="command"><strong>dns64</strong></span> supports an optional
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>clients</strong></span> ACL that determines which
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater clients are affected by this directive. If not defined,
79cf9524b15ca65f55fd6913e6cf01b5581c588aAutomatic Updater it defaults to <strong class="userinput"><code>any;</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Each <span class="command"><strong>dns64</strong></span> supports an optional
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>mapped</strong></span> ACL that selects which
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User IPv4 addresses are to be mapped in the corresponding
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater A RRset. If not defined it defaults to
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>any;</code></strong>.
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater Normally, DNS64 won't apply to a domain name that
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater owns one or more AAAA records; these records will
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater simply be returned. The optional
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>exclude</strong></span> ACL allows specification
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater of a list of IPv6 addresses that will be ignored
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater if they appear in a domain name's AAAA records, and
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater DNS64 will be applied to any A records the domain
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt name owns. If not defined, <span class="command"><strong>exclude</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt A optional <span class="command"><strong>suffix</strong></span> can also
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater be defined to set the bits trailing the mapped
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater IPv4 address bits. By default these bits are
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater set to <strong class="userinput"><code>::</code></strong>. The bits
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater matching the prefix and mapped IPv4 address
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>recursive-only</strong></span> is set to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span> the DNS64 synthesis will
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater only happen for recursive queries. The default
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>break-dnssec</strong></span> is set to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span> the DNS64 synthesis will
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater happen even if the result, if validated, would
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater cause a DNSSEC validation failure. If this option
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is set to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span> (the default), the DO
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater is set on the incoming query, and there are RRSIGs on
b287974d182a164b84eaeaead39fcbe225e2a7f9Automatic Updater the applicable records, then synthesis will not happen.
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater acl rfc1918 { 10/8; 192.168/16; 172.16/12; };
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater dns64 64:FF9B::/96 {
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater clients { any; };
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater mapped { !rfc1918; any; };
d893c6248414d34d434a63216eaa5bd1fbec4ca4Automatic Updater exclude { 64:FF9B::/96; ::ffff:0000:0000/96; };
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When a zone is configured with <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User maintain;</strong></span> its key repository must be checked
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User periodically to see if any new keys have been added
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User or any existing keys' timing metadata has been updated
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (see <a class="xref" href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></span>(8)</a> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></span>(8)</a>). The
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span> option
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User sets the frequency of automatic repository checks, in
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User minutes. The default is <code class="literal">60</code> (1 hour),
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User the minimum is <code class="literal">1</code> (1 minute), and the
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User maximum is <code class="literal">1440</code> (24 hours); any higher
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User value is silently reduced.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-update-mode</strong></span></span></dt>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater If this option is set to its default value of
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <code class="literal">maintain</code> in a zone of type
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <code class="literal">master</code> which is DNSSEC-signed
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater and configured to allow dynamic updates (see
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>), and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt if <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> has access to the
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater private signing key(s) for the zone, then
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will automatically sign all new
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater or changed records and maintain signatures for the zone
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater by regenerating RRSIG records whenever they approach
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater their expiration date.
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater If the option is changed to <code class="literal">no-resign</code>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt then <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will sign all new or
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater changed records, but scheduled maintenance of
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater signatures is disabled.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt With either of these settings, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater will reject updates to a DNSSEC-signed zone when the
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater signing keys are inactive or unavailable to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>. (A planned third option,
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater <code class="literal">external</code>, will disable all automatic
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater signing and allow DNSSEC data to be submitted into a zone
9ca53742af3671da346701a61cac8188eadc4674Tinderbox User via dynamic update; this is not yet implemented.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>nta-lifetime</strong></span></span></dt>
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User Species the default lifetime, in seconds,
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User that will be used for negative trust anchors added
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt via <span class="command"><strong>rndc nta</strong></span>.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User A negative trust anchor selectively disables
6478b87fd23bcd3ab74c25b261021fe19a239c4fTinderbox User DNSSEC validation for zones that are known to be
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User failing because of misconfiguration rather than
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User an attack. When data to be validated is
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User at or below an active NTA (and above any other
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt configured trust anchors), <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User abort the DNSSEC validation process and treat the data as
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User insecure rather than bogus. This continues until the
8402f7bfea6ee33172c27e95965460b9c4e1b4daTinderbox User NTA's lifetime is elapsed. NTAs persist
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt across <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> restarts.
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User For convenience, TTL-style time unit suffixes can be
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User used to specify the NTA lifetime in seconds, minutes
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User or hours. <code class="option">nta-lifetime</code> defaults to
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User one hour. It cannot exceed one week.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>nta-recheck</strong></span></span></dt>
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User Species how often to check whether negative
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt trust anchors added via <span class="command"><strong>rndc nta</strong></span>
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User are still necessary.
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User A negative trust anchor is normally used when a
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User domain has stopped validating due to operator error;
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User it temporarily disables DNSSEC validation for that
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User domain. In the interest of ensuring that DNSSEC
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User validation is turned back on as soon as possible,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will periodically send a
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User query to the domain, ignoring negative trust anchors,
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User to find out whether it can now be validated. If so,
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User the negative trust anchor is allowed to expire early.
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User Validity checks can be disabled for an individual
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt NTA by using <span class="command"><strong>rndc nta -f</strong></span>, or
6478b87fd23bcd3ab74c25b261021fe19a239c4fTinderbox User for all NTAs by setting <code class="option">nta-recheck</code>
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User For convenience, TTL-style time unit suffixes can be
61ab11c0ec845606f85452b2c9f2e223772aae00Tinderbox User used to specify the NTA recheck interval in seconds,
78ec962d9828200d18cd0e41b7d6b9792a74923dTinderbox User minutes or hours. The default is five minutes. It
78ec962d9828200d18cd0e41b7d6b9792a74923dTinderbox User cannot be longer than <code class="option">nta-lifetime</code>
78ec962d9828200d18cd0e41b7d6b9792a74923dTinderbox User (which cannot be longer than a week).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-zone-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User Specifies a maximum permissible TTL value in seconds.
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User For convenience, TTL-style time unit suffixes may be
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User used to specify the maximum value.
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User When loading a zone file using a
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <code class="option">masterfile-format</code> of
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <code class="constant">text</code> or <code class="constant">raw</code>,
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User any record encountered with a TTL higher than
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User <code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> will cause the zone to
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User This is useful in DNSSEC-signed zones because when
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User rolling to a new DNSKEY, the old key needs to remain
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User available until RRSIG records have expired from
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User caches. The <code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> option guarantees
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User that the largest TTL in the zone will be no higher
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User than the set value.
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User (NOTE: Because <code class="constant">map</code>-format files
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User load directly into memory, this option cannot be
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User used with them.)
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User The default value is <code class="constant">unlimited</code>.
81199ce5ba7bd719add38189b06987e0a6e583a1Tinderbox User A <code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> of zero is treated as
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method</strong></span></span></dt>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Zones configured for dynamic DNS may use this
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User option to set the update method that will be used for
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User the zone serial number in the SOA record.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User With the default setting of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method increment;</strong></span>, the
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User SOA serial number will be incremented by one each time
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User the zone is updated.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method unixtime;</strong></span>, the
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User SOA serial number will be set to the number of seconds
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User since the UNIX epoch, unless the serial number is
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User already greater than or equal to that value, in which
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User case it is simply incremented by one.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method date;</strong></span>, the
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User new SOA serial number will be the current date
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User in the form "YYYYMMDD", followed by two zeroes,
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User unless the existing serial number is already greater
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User than or equal to that value, in which case it is
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User incremented by one.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>full</code></strong>, the server will collect
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User statistical data on all zones (unless specifically
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User turned off on a per-zone basis by specifying
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics terse</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics none</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement).
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>terse</code></strong>, providing
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User minimal statistics on zones (including name and
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User current serial number, but not query type
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User These statistics may be accessed via the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>statistics-channel</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt using <span class="command"><strong>rndc stats</strong></span>, which
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User will dump them to the file listed
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in the <span class="command"><strong>statistics-file</strong></span>. See
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt also <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile" title="The Statistics File">the section called “The Statistics File”</a>.
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User For backward compatibility with earlier versions
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of BIND 9, the <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User option can also accept <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User or <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>; <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User has the same meaning as <strong class="userinput"><code>full</code></strong>.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User As of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.10,
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> has the same meaning
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User as <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>; previously, it
dad65f7c93330a10705384739dff3a6d4dfe1e70Tinderbox User was the same as <strong class="userinput"><code>terse</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="boolean_options"></a>Boolean Options</h4></div></div></div>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>automatic-interface-scan</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and supported by the OS,
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User automatically rescan network interfaces when the interface
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User addresses are added or removed. The default is
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Currently the OS needs to support routing sockets for
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>automatic-interface-scan</strong></span> to be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-new-zones</strong></span></span></dt>
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then zones can be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt added at runtime via <span class="command"><strong>rndc addzone</strong></span>.
82d13321f4dcc79a9aec992c7a1c4aaff8983adaAutomatic Updater The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User Newly added zones' configuration parameters
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User are stored so that they can persist after the
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User server is restarted. The configuration information
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User is saved in a file called
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>viewname</code></em>.nzf</code>
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User (or, if <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is compiled with
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User liblmdb, in an LMDB database file called
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>viewname</code></em>.nzd</code>).
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>viewname</code></em> is the name of the
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User view, unless the view name contains characters that are
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User incompatible with use as a file name, in which case a
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User cryptographic hash of the view name is used instead.
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User Zones added at runtime will have their configuration
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User stored either in a new-zone file (NZF) or a new-zone
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User database (NZD) depending on whether
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> was linked with
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User liblmdb at compile time.
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User See <a class="xref" href="man.rndc.html" title="rndc"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">rndc</span></span>(8)</a> for further details
0fc4b96b2b7f8cb79c3a1f41c53534acacbf6451Tinderbox User about <span class="command"><strong>rndc addzone</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>auth-nxdomain</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the <span class="command"><strong>AA</strong></span> bit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is always set on NXDOMAIN responses, even if the server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>;
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews a change from <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8. If you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are using very old DNS software, you
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may need to set it to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>deallocate-on-exit</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 8 to enable checking
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews for memory leaks on exit. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option and always performs
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>memstatistics</strong></span></span></dt>
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Write memory statistics to the file specified by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>memstatistics-file</strong></span> at exit.
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> unless
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews '-m record' is specified on the command line in
71eeac3530eabb7f70f4b6bdba5addb40a5bca27Mark Andrews which case it is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server treats all zones as if they are doing zone transfers
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews a dial-on-demand dialup link, which can be brought up by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein originating from this server. This has different effects
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to zone type and concentrates the zone maintenance so that
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt happens in a short interval, once every <span class="command"><strong>heartbeat-interval</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hopefully during the one call. It also suppresses some of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone maintenance traffic. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span> option
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt may also be specified in the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statements,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in which case it overrides the global <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews If the zone is a master zone, then the server will send out a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein request to all the slaves (default). This should trigger the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number check in the slave (providing it supports NOTIFY)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowing the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to verify the zone while the connection is active.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The set of servers to which NOTIFY is sent can be controlled
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is a slave or stub zone, then the server will suppress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "zone up to date" (refresh) queries and only perform them
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>heartbeat-interval</strong></span> expires in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addition to sending
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NOTIFY requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Finer control can be achieved by using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify</code></strong> which only sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>notify-passive</code></strong> which sends NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein suppresses the normal refresh queries, <strong class="userinput"><code>refresh</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which suppresses normal refresh processing and sends refresh
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt when the <span class="command"><strong>heartbeat-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expires, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>passive</code></strong> which just disables normal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein normal refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein heart-beat refresh
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein heart-beat notify
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span> (default)</p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>refresh</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>passive</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>notify-passive</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that normal NOTIFY processing is not affected by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fake-iquery</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein enabled simulating the obsolete DNS query type
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews IQUERY. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 never does
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IQUERY simulation.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fetch-glue</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In BIND 8, <strong class="userinput"><code>fetch-glue yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caused the server to attempt to fetch glue resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein didn't have when constructing the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data section of a response. This is now considered a bad
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and BIND 9 never does it.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the nameserver exits due receiving SIGTERM,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews flush or do not flush any pending zone writes. The default
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>flush-zones-on-shutdown</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>geoip-use-ecs</strong></span></span></dt>
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User When BIND is compiled with GeoIP support and configured
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User with "geoip" ACL elements, this option indicates whether
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User the EDNS Client Subnet option, if present in a request,
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User should be used for matching against the GeoIP database.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User The default is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>geoip-use-ecs</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>has-old-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was incorrectly implemented
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, and is ignored by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To achieve the intended effect
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>has-old-clients</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, specify
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the two separate options <span class="command"><strong>auth-nxdomain</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and <span class="command"><strong>rfc2308-type1</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> instead.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>host-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User In BIND 8, this enabled keeping of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statistics for every host that the name server interacts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in BIND 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>maintain-ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews It was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determine whether a transaction log was
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews kept for Incremental Zone Transfer. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains a transaction
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein log whenever possible. If you need to disable outgoing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein incremental zone
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt transfers, use <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
e62b9c9ce6413fb183c8116381e75dcd07ca5517Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>message-compression</strong></span></span></dt>
58021df88940e55ec62b2788dc727988208bd065Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, DNS name compression is
58021df88940e55ec62b2788dc727988208bd065Tinderbox User used in responses to regular queries (not including
e62b9c9ce6413fb183c8116381e75dcd07ca5517Tinderbox User AXFR or IXFR, which always uses compression). Setting
58021df88940e55ec62b2788dc727988208bd065Tinderbox User this option to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong> reduces CPU
58021df88940e55ec62b2788dc727988208bd065Tinderbox User usage on servers and may improve throughput. However,
58021df88940e55ec62b2788dc727988208bd065Tinderbox User it increases response size, which may cause more queries
58021df88940e55ec62b2788dc727988208bd065Tinderbox User to be processed using TCP; a server with compression
d9613f4c73058748847c29a584bc428acf515c28Tinderbox User disabled is out of compliance with RFC 1123 Section
58021df88940e55ec62b2788dc727988208bd065Tinderbox User 6.1.3.2. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>minimal-responses</strong></span></span></dt>
0cfa9af7edf7c3e13917f784557390e4b6612ee6Tinderbox User If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when generating
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein responses the server will only add records to the authority
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and additional data sections when they are required (e.g.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews delegations, negative responses). This may improve the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews performance of the server.
0cfa9af7edf7c3e13917f784557390e4b6612ee6Tinderbox User When set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no-auth</code></strong>, the
0cfa9af7edf7c3e13917f784557390e4b6612ee6Tinderbox User server will omit records from the authority section
0cfa9af7edf7c3e13917f784557390e4b6612ee6Tinderbox User unless they are required, but it may still add
0cfa9af7edf7c3e13917f784557390e4b6612ee6Tinderbox User records to the additional section. When set to
0cfa9af7edf7c3e13917f784557390e4b6612ee6Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>no-auth-recursive</code></strong>, this
0cfa9af7edf7c3e13917f784557390e4b6612ee6Tinderbox User is only done if the query is recursive. These
0cfa9af7edf7c3e13917f784557390e4b6612ee6Tinderbox User settings are useful when answering stub clients,
0cfa9af7edf7c3e13917f784557390e4b6612ee6Tinderbox User which usually ignore the authority section.
0cfa9af7edf7c3e13917f784557390e4b6612ee6Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>no-auth-recursive</code></strong> is
0cfa9af7edf7c3e13917f784557390e4b6612ee6Tinderbox User designed for mixed-mode servers which handle
0cfa9af7edf7c3e13917f784557390e4b6612ee6Tinderbox User both authoritative and recursive queries.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>minimal-any</strong></span></span></dt>
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then when
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User generating a positive response to a query of type
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User ANY over UDP, the server will reply with only one
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User of the RRsets for the query name, and its covering
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User RRSIGs if any, instead of replying with all known
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User RRsets for the name. Similarly, a query for type
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User RRSIG will be answered with the RRSIG records covering
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User only one type. This can reduce the impact of some kinds
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User of attack traffic, without harming legitimate
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User clients. (Note, however, that the RRset returned is the
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User first one found in the database; it is not necessarily
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User the smallest available RRset.)
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User Additionally, <code class="option">minimal-responses</code> is
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User turned on for these queries, so no unnecessary records
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User will be added to the authority or additional sections.
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>multiple-cnames</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to allow
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a domain name to have multiple CNAME records in violation of
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews the DNS standards. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.2 onwards
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews always strictly enforces the CNAME rules both in master
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews files and dynamic updates.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> (the default),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS NOTIFY messages are sent when a zone the server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative for
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt changes, see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#notify" title="Notify">the section called “Notify”</a>. The messages are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers listed in the zone's NS records (except the master
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server identified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the SOA MNAME field), and to any servers listed in the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>master-only</code></strong>, notifies are only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for master zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>explicit</code></strong>, notifies are sent only
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt servers explicitly listed using <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, no notifies are sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span> option may also be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt specified in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in which case it overrides the <span class="command"><strong>options notify</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It would only be necessary to turn off this option if it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caused slaves
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> do not check the nameservers
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews in the NS RRset against the SOA MNAME. Normally a NOTIFY
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews message is not sent to the SOA MNAME (SOA ORIGIN) as it is
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews supposed to contain the name of the ultimate master.
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews Sometimes, however, a slave is listed as the SOA MNAME in
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews hidden master configurations and in that case you would
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews want the ultimate master to still send NOTIFY messages to
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews all the nameservers listed in the NS RRset.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS query requests recursion, then the server will attempt
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all the work required to answer the query. If recursion is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the server does not already know the answer, it will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein referral response. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Note that setting <span class="command"><strong>recursion no</strong></span> does not prevent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein clients from getting data from the server's cache; it only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein prevents new data from being cached as an effect of client
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Caching may still occur as an effect the server's internal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operation, such as NOTIFY address lookups.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>request-nsid</strong></span></span></dt>
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an empty EDNS(0)
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User NSID (Name Server Identifier) option is sent with all
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User queries to authoritative name servers during iterative
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User resolution. If the authoritative server returns an NSID
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User option in its response, then its contents are logged in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>resolver</strong></span> category at level
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>info</strong></span>.
53f41dd99da107af4e4e1e673d9c19a185463b24Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>request-sit</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This experimental option is obsolete.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>require-server-cookie</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Require a valid server cookie before sending a full
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt response to a UDP request from a cookie aware client.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt BADCOOKIE is sent if there is a bad or no existent
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt server cookie.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>send-cookie</strong></span></span></dt>
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then a COOKIE EDNS
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User option is sent along with the query. If the
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User resolver has previously talked to the server, the
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User COOKIE returned in the previous transaction is sent.
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User This is used by the server to determine whether
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User the resolver has talked to it before. A resolver
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User sending the correct COOKIE is assumed not to be an
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User off-path attacker sending a spoofed-source query;
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User the query is therefore unlikely to be part of a
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User reflection/amplification attack, so resolvers
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User sending a correct COOKIE option are not subject to
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User response rate limiting (RRL). Resolvers which
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User do not send a correct COOKIE option may be limited
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User to receiving smaller responses via the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nocookie-udp-size</strong></span> option.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>nocookie-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User Sets the maximum size of UDP responses that will be
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User sent to queries without a valid server COOKIE. A value
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User below 128 will be silently raised to 128. The default
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt value is 4096, but the <span class="command"><strong>max-udp-size</strong></span>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User option may further limit the response size.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sit-secret</strong></span></span></dt>
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User This experimental option is obsolete.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>cookie-algorithm</strong></span></span></dt>
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User Set the algorithm to be used when generating the
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User server cookie. One of "aes", "sha1" or "sha256".
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User The default is "aes" if supported by the cryptographic
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User library or otherwise "sha256".
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>cookie-secret</strong></span></span></dt>
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User If set, this is a shared secret used for generating
c2258eedf2d9d0207b45b90014f8fde5413b41a3Tinderbox User and verifying EDNS COOKIE options
95d0bdf2b427478c4a8ed8e06f9e316c7880140eTinderbox User within an anycast cluster. If not set, the system
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User will generate a random secret at startup. The
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User shared secret is encoded as a hex string and needs
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User to be 128 bits for AES128, 160 bits for SHA1 and
aa1905addf2f33d90aa020080e4e77a8651e829aTinderbox User 256 bits for SHA256.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>rfc2308-type1</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Setting this to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cause the server to send NS records along with the SOA
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein record for negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Not yet implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>trust-anchor-telemetry</strong></span></span></dt>
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User Causes <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to send specially-formed
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User queries once per day to domains for which trust anchors
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User have been configured via <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span>,
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span>, or
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation auto</strong></span>.
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User The query name used for these queries has the
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User form "_ta-xxxx(-xxxx)(...)".<domain>, where
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User each "xxxx" is a group of four hexadecimal digits
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User representing the key ID of a trusted DNSSEC key.
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User The key IDs for each domain are sorted smallest
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User to largest prior to encoding. The query type is NULL.
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User By monitoring these queries, zone operators will
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User be able to see which resolvers have been updated to
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User trust a new key; this may help them decide when it
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User is safe to remove an old one.
a548226d23f595f52e43d1818a05ab3106ffb340Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-id-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 always allocates query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IDs from a pool.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="emphasis"><em>This option is obsolete</em></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you need to disable IXFR to a particular server or
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews servers, see
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the information on the <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> option
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Usage”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#incremental_zone_transfers" title="Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)">the section called “Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Usage”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Usage”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>request-expire</strong></span></span></dt>
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>request-expire</strong></span> in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage" title="server Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User Usage”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>treat-cr-as-space</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews This option was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the server treat carriage return ("<span class="command"><strong>\r</strong></span>") characters the same way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as a space or tab character,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to facilitate loading of zone files on a UNIX system that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein were generated
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt on an NT or DOS machine. In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, both UNIX "<span class="command"><strong>\n</strong></span>"
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and NT/DOS "<span class="command"><strong>\r\n</strong></span>" newlines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are always accepted,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the option is ignored.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>additional-from-auth</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options control the behavior of an authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answering queries which have additional data, or when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein following CNAME
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and DNAME chains.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When both of these options are set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (the default) and a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query is being answered from authoritative data (a zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configured into the server), the additional data section of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein reply will be filled in using data from other authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and from the cache. In some situations this is undesirable,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as when there is concern over the correctness of the cache,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in servers where slave zones may be added and modified by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein untrusted third parties. Also, avoiding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the search for this additional data will speed up server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein at the possible expense of additional queries to resolve
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise be provided in the additional section.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, if a query asks for an MX record for host <code class="literal">foo.example.com</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the record found is "<code class="literal">MX 10 mail.example.net</code>", normally the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein records (A and AAAA) for <code class="literal">mail.example.net</code> will be provided as well,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if known, even though they are not in the example.com zone.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Setting these options to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables this behavior and makes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server only search for additional data in the zone it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answers from.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options are intended for use in authoritative-only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers, or in authoritative-only views. Attempts to set
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt them to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span> without also
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>recursion no</strong></span> will cause the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ignore the options and log a warning message.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specifying <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache no</strong></span> actually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables the use of the cache not only for additional data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but also when looking up the answer. This is usually the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behavior in an authoritative-only server where the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein correctness of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the cached data is an issue.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a name server is non-recursively queried for a name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein below the apex of any served zone, it normally answers with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein "upwards referral" to the root servers or the servers of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein known parent of the query name. Since the data in an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein upwards referral
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein comes from the cache, the server will not be able to provide
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt referrals when <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has been specified. Instead, it will respond to such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with REFUSED. This should not cause any problems since
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein upwards referrals are not required for the resolution
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>match-mapped-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, then an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv4-mapped IPv6 address will match any address match
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list entries that match the corresponding IPv4 address.
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater This option was introduced to work around a kernel quirk
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater in some operating systems that causes IPv4 TCP
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater connections, such as zone transfers, to be accepted on an
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater IPv6 socket using mapped addresses. This caused address
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater match lists designed for IPv4 to fail to match. However,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> now solves this problem
04ecc85ca69027c4d56b4a11ce5bafb21ebf3966Automatic Updater internally. The use of this option is discouraged.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span></span></dt>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater This option is only available when
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 is compiled with the
cd0df9459e87097d01fc6c0de0a283c7e8d3c401Automatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>--enable-filter-aaaa</code></strong> option on the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater "configure" command line. It is intended to help the
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater transition from IPv4 to IPv6 by not giving IPv6 addresses
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater to DNS clients unless they have connections to the IPv6
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Internet. This is not recommended unless absolutely
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater necessary. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span> option
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt may also be specified in <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to override the global <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the DNS client is at an IPv4 address, in <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa</strong></span>,
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User and if the response does not include DNSSEC signatures,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater then all AAAA records are deleted from the response.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater This filtering applies to all responses and not only
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater authoritative responses.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater If <strong class="userinput"><code>break-dnssec</code></strong>,
2cc7515f8a0c2f5f86ec85a853c7cb855b3d9536Tinderbox User then AAAA records are deleted even when DNSSEC is enabled.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater As suggested by the name, this makes the response not verify,
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater because the DNSSEC protocol is designed detect deletions.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User This mechanism can erroneously cause other servers to
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User not give AAAA records to their clients.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater A recursing server with both IPv6 and IPv4 network connections
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater that queries an authoritative server using this mechanism
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater via IPv4 will be denied AAAA records even if its client is
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater This mechanism is applied to authoritative as well as
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater non-authoritative records.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater A client using IPv4 that is not allowed recursion can
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater erroneously be given AAAA records because the server is not
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater allowed to check for A records.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater Some AAAA records are given to IPv4 clients in glue records.
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater IPv4 clients that are servers can then erroneously
e4adb07cc1f8253b3c39aeeeb3ea03dc5b7011ccAutomatic Updater answer requests for AAAA records received via IPv4.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Identical to <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>,
2cc7515f8a0c2f5f86ec85a853c7cb855b3d9536Tinderbox User except it filters AAAA responses to queries from IPv6
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User clients instead of IPv4 clients. To filter all
4cfb5ea3a5dd28477df37004d6345992d5f41a3fTinderbox User responses, set both options to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater When <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> and the server loads a new
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater version of a master zone from its zone file or receives a
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater new version of a slave file via zone transfer, it will
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater compare the new version to the previous one and calculate
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater a set of differences. The differences are then logged in
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater the zone's journal file such that the changes can be
2a1d6afad5c725cbc796c10f1d2b9041eda9f077Automatic Updater transmitted to downstream slaves as an incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By allowing incremental zone transfers to be used for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-dynamic zones, this option saves bandwidth at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expense of increased CPU and memory consumption at the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In particular, if the new version of a zone is completely
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein different from the previous one, the set of differences
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be of a size comparable to the combined size of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein old and new zone version, and the server will need to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein temporarily allocate memory to hold this complete
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein difference set.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt also accepts <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span> at the view and options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein levels which causes
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> to be enabled for
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt all <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span> zones respectively.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater It is off by default.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt addresses refer to different machines. If <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt when the serial number on the master is less than what <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec</strong></span></span></dt>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Zones configured for dynamic DNS may use this
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User option to allow varying levels of automatic DNSSEC key
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User management. There are three possible settings:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec allow;</strong></span> permits
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User keys to be updated and the zone fully re-signed
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt whenever the user issues the command <span class="command"><strong>rndc sign
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec maintain;</strong></span> includes the
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User above, but also automatically adjusts the zone's DNSSEC
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User keys on schedule, according to the keys' timing metadata
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (see <a class="xref" href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></span>(8)</a> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="man.dnssec-settime.html" title="dnssec-settime"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></span>(8)</a>). The command
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span> causes
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to load keys from the key
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User repository and sign the zone with all keys that are
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span> causes
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to load keys from the key
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User repository and schedule key maintenance events to occur
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User in the future, but it does not sign the full zone
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User immediately. Note: once keys have been loaded for a
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User zone the first time, the repository will be searched
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User for changes periodically, regardless of whether
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc loadkeys</strong></span> is used. The recheck
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User interval is defined by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span>.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default setting is <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec off</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User This indicates whether DNSSEC-related resource
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt records are to be returned by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will not return DNSSEC-related
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User resource records unless specifically queried for.
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Enable DNSSEC validation in <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Note <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
f051d76c87e055c6ea3879e0c97a76609df915ccMark Andrews set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> to be effective.
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, DNSSEC validation
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, DNSSEC validation
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User is enabled, and a default trust anchor for the DNS root
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User zone is used. If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User DNSSEC validation is enabled, but a trust anchor must be
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User manually configured using a <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span>
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User or <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement. The default
ebabe300b615154d08f5577822cfd8726d2643c8Automatic Updater is <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>.
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User The default root trust anchor is stored in the file
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will load that key at
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User startup if <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span> is
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User set to <code class="constant">auto</code>. A copy of the file is
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User installed along with BIND 9, and is current as of the
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User release date. If the root key expires, a new copy of
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> can be downloaded
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User from <a class="link" href="https://www.isc.org/bind-keys" target="_top">https://www.isc.org/bind-keys</a>.
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User To prevent problems if <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> is
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User not found, the current trust anchor is also compiled in
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User to <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>. Relying on this is not
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User recommended, however, as it requires <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User to be recompiled with a new key when the root key expires.)
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> <span class="emphasis"><em>only</em></span>
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User loads the root key from <code class="filename">bind.keys</code>.
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User The file cannot be used to store keys for other zones.
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User The root key in <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> is ignored
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User if <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation auto</strong></span> is not in
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User Whenever the resolver sends out queries to an
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User EDNS-compliant server, it always sets the DO bit
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User indicating it can support DNSSEC responses even if
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span> is off.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-accept-expired</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews Accept expired signatures when verifying DNSSEC signatures.
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>.
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater Setting this option to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt leaves <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> vulnerable to
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater replay attacks.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>querylog</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specify whether query logging should be started when <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>querylog</strong></span> is not specified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein then the query logging
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is determined by the presence of the logging category <span class="command"><strong>queries</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to restrict the character set and syntax
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from the network. The default varies according to usage
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> zones the default is <span class="command"><strong>fail</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span> zones the default
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For answers received from the network (<span class="command"><strong>response</strong></span>)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the default is <span class="command"><strong>ignore</strong></span>.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The rules for legal hostnames and mail domains are derived
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews from RFC 952 and RFC 821 as modified by RFC 1123.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span>
f02216f5b390ff0a589fa080f29350fd7794bf5cMark Andrews applies to the owner names of A, AAAA and MX records.
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater It also applies to the domain names in the RDATA of NS, SOA,
72628d3a5ef809d995c759130a81a1b1ae1395e0Automatic Updater MX, and SRV records.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews It also applies to the RDATA of PTR records where the owner
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews name indicated that it is a reverse lookup of a hostname
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews (the owner name ends in IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA, or IP6.INT).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-dup-records</strong></span></span></dt>
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater Check master zones for records that are treated as different
e2e4d321999340802f77adaacd19c797d04b4b95Automatic Updater by DNSSEC but are semantically equal in plain DNS. The
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt default is to <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>. Other possible
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt values are <span class="command"><strong>fail</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ignore</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Check whether the MX record appears to refer to a IP address.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is to <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>. Other possible
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt values are <span class="command"><strong>fail</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ignore</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to check for non-terminal wildcards.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The use of non-terminal wildcards is almost always as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein result of a failure
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt affects master zones. The default (<span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>) is to check
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for non-terminal wildcards and issue a warning.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Perform post load zone integrity checks on master
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zones. This checks that MX and SRV records refer
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to address (A or AAAA) records and that glue
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews address records exist for delegated zones. For
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews MX and SRV records only in-zone hostnames are
dc91524e4b73ee70908a295e3f2f62305680c5c2Automatic Updater checked (for out-of-zone hostnames use
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named-checkzone</strong></span>).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews For NS records only names below top of zone are
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews checked (for out-of-zone names and glue consistency
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt checks use <span class="command"><strong>named-checkzone</strong></span>).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User The use of the SPF record for publishing Sender
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User Policy Framework is deprecated as the migration
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User from using TXT records to SPF records was abandoned.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User Enabling this option also checks that a TXT Sender
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User Policy Framework record exists (starts with "v=spf1")
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User if there is an SPF record. Warnings are emitted if the
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User TXT record does not exist and can be suppressed with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-spf</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-mx-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews fail, warn or ignore MX records that refer
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to CNAMES. The default is to <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-srv-cname</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews fail, warn or ignore SRV records that refer
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to CNAMES. The default is to <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews When performing integrity checks, also check that
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt sibling glue exists. The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-spf</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span> is set then
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User check that there is a TXT Sender Policy Framework
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User record present (starts with "v=spf1") if there is an
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User SPF record present. The default is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews When returning authoritative negative responses to
01b18d4c7c14ccb93708ab7ffdece3ac67b15a7cAutomatic Updater SOA queries set the TTL of the SOA record returned in
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews the authority section to zero.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews When caching a negative response to a SOA query
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews set the TTL to zero.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater When set to the default value of <code class="literal">yes</code>,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater check the KSK bit in each key to determine how the key
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater should be used when generating RRSIGs for a secure zone.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater Ordinarily, zone-signing keys (that is, keys without the
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater KSK bit set) are used to sign the entire zone, while
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater key-signing keys (keys with the KSK bit set) are only
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater used to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater However, if this option is set to <code class="literal">no</code>,
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater then the KSK bit is ignored; KSKs are treated as if they
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater were ZSKs and are used to sign the entire zone. This is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt similar to the <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone -z</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater command line option.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater When this option is set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, there
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater must be at least two active keys for every algorithm
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater represented in the DNSKEY RRset: at least one KSK and one
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater ZSK per algorithm. If there is any algorithm for which
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater this requirement is not met, this option will be ignored
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater for that algorithm.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When this option and <span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span>
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater are both set to <code class="literal">yes</code>, only key-signing
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater keys (that is, keys with the KSK bit set) will be used
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater to sign the DNSKEY RRset at the zone apex. Zone-signing
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater keys (keys without the KSK bit set) will be used to sign
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater the remainder of the zone, but not the DNSKEY RRset.
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater This is similar to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone -x</strong></span> command line option.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>. If
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span> is set to
3b2c6af63e0367c6eabe0a21ca23841ca87cd22fAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">no</code>, this option is ignored.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews Try to refresh the zone using TCP if UDP queries fail.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews For BIND 8 compatibility, the default is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater Allow a dynamic zone to transition from secure to
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater insecure (i.e., signed to unsigned) by deleting all
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of the DNSKEY records. The default is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If set to <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>, and if the DNSKEY RRset
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater at the zone apex is deleted, all RRSIG and NSEC records
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater will be removed from the zone as well.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater If the zone uses NSEC3, then it is also necessary to
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater delete the NSEC3PARAM RRset from the zone apex; this will
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater cause the removal of all corresponding NSEC3 records.
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater (It is expected that this requirement will be eliminated
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater in a future release.)
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater Note that if a zone has been configured with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec maintain</strong></span> and the
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater private keys remain accessible in the key repository,
7a0d680aa507f1b9beaa5c350e4d562aab534323Automatic Updater then the zone will be automatically signed again the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt next time <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is started.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="forwarding"></a>Forwarding</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name servers. It can also be used to allow queries by servers that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein do not have direct access to the Internet, but wish to look up
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein names anyway. Forwarding occurs only on those queries for which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server is not authoritative and does not have the answer in
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is only meaningful if the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarders list is not empty. A value of <code class="varname">first</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the default, causes the server to query the forwarders
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews first — and
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews if that doesn't answer the question, the server will then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the answer itself. If <code class="varname">only</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server will only query the forwarders.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the IP addresses to be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for forwarding. The default is the empty list (no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarding).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Forwarding can also be configured on a per-domain basis, allowing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the global forwarding options to be overridden in a variety
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of ways. You can set particular domains to use different
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt or have a different <span class="command"><strong>forward only/first</strong></span> behavior,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt or not forward at all, see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone Statement Grammar">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Statement Grammar”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="dual_stack"></a>Dual-stack Servers</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein problems in reachability due the lack of support for either IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the host machine.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dual-stack-servers</strong></span></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Specifies host names or addresses of machines with access to
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews both IPv4 and IPv6 transports. If a hostname is used, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server must be able
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to resolve the name using only the transport it has. If the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein machine is dual
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt stacked, then the <span class="command"><strong>dual-stack-servers</strong></span> have no effect unless
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein access to a transport has been disabled on the command line
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (e.g. <span class="command"><strong>named -4</strong></span>).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="access_control"></a>Access Control</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Access to the server can be restricted based on the IP address
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of the requesting system. See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists" title="Address Match Lists">the section called “Address Match Lists”</a> for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein details on how to specify IP address lists.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein notify this server, a slave, of zone changes in addition
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the zone masters.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span> may also be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement, in which case
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it overrides the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>options allow-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement. It is only meaningful
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for a slave zone. If not specified, the default is to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein process notify messages
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only from a zone's master.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to ask ordinary
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt DNS questions. <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> may
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt also be specified in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews statement, in which case it overrides the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>options allow-query</strong></span> statement.
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews If not specified, the default is to allow queries
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews from all hosts.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span> is now
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews used to specify access to the cache.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies which local addresses can accept ordinary
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews DNS questions. This makes it possible, for instance,
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews to allow queries on internal-facing interfaces but
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews disallow them on external-facing ones, without
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews necessarily knowing the internal network's addresses.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Note that <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> is only
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User checked for queries that are permitted by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>. A query must be
21e01d1a464c9b3c694534a5e283bcde361e72bdTinderbox User allowed by both ACLs, or it will be refused.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> may
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt also be specified in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews statement, in which case it overrides the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>options allow-query-on</strong></span> statement.
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews If not specified, the default is to allow queries
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews on all addresses.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews used to specify access to the cache.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to get answers
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt from the cache. If <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is not set then <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is used if set, otherwise <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is used if set unless <span class="command"><strong>recursion no;</strong></span> is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt set in which case <span class="command"><strong>none;</strong></span> is used,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt otherwise the default (<span class="command"><strong>localnets;</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache-on</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies which local addresses can give answers
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews from the cache. If not specified, the default is
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews to allow cache queries on any address,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>localnets</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>localhost</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion</strong></span></span></dt>
035992291cb70ec3be4046fcea921b4a6acb1c77Mark Andrews Specifies which hosts are allowed to make recursive
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews queries through this server. If
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion</strong></span> is not set
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt then <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-cache</strong></span> is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt used if set, otherwise <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>
bddb70a27123e31020438cff811d898d44b42c71Mark Andrews is used if set, otherwise the default
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (<span class="command"><strong>localnets;</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>localhost;</strong></span>) is used.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion-on</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews Specifies which local addresses can accept recursive
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews queries. If not specified, the default is to allow
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews recursive queries on all addresses.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein submit Dynamic DNS updates for master zones. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein updates from all hosts. Note that allowing updates based
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the requestor's IP address is insecure; see
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a> for details.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein submit Dynamic DNS updates to slave zones to be forwarded to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein master. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means that no update forwarding will be performed. To
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein update forwarding, specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>allow-update-forwarding { any; };</code></strong>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifying values other than <strong class="userinput"><code>{ none; }</code></strong> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <strong class="userinput"><code>{ any; }</code></strong> is usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein counterproductive, since
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the responsibility for update access control should rest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein master server, not the slaves.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Note that enabling the update forwarding feature on a slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may expose master servers relying on insecure IP address
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt access control to attacks; see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security" title="Dynamic Update Security">the section called “Dynamic Update Security”</a>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for more details.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-v6-synthesis</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option was introduced for the smooth transition from
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to A6 and from "nibble labels" to binary labels.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein However, since both A6 and binary labels were then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this option was also deprecated.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is now ignored with some warning messages.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies which hosts are allowed to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt receive zone transfers from the server. <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span> may
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt also be specified in the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, in which
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt case it overrides the <span class="command"><strong>options allow-transfer</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If not specified, the default is to allow transfers to all
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>blackhole</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a list of addresses that the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server will not accept queries from or use to resolve a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein query. Queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from these addresses will not be responded to. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa</strong></span></span></dt>
07ee99c7d0c2cd7f3e72263c29bd76ebd6d7ed43Automatic Updater Specifies a list of addresses to which
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v4</strong></span>
61ceead03bde393eafc70769d6d2ba7edf0dc5aeTinderbox User and <span class="command"><strong>filter-aaaa-on-v6</strong></span>
61ceead03bde393eafc70769d6d2ba7edf0dc5aeTinderbox User apply. The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>any</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>keep-response-order</strong></span></span></dt>
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User Specifies a list of addresses to which the server
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User will send responses to TCP queries in the same order
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User in which they were received. This disables the
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User processing of TCP queries in parallel. The default
d9184858dd5d7677050a813d444c281c56f697aaTinderbox User is <strong class="userinput"><code>none</code></strong>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>no-case-compress</strong></span></span></dt>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Specifies a list of addresses which require responses
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User to use case-insensitive compression. This ACL can be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt used when <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> needs to work with
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User clients that do not comply with the requirement in RFC
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User 1034 to use case-insensitive name comparisons when
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User checking for matching domain names.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User If left undefined, the ACL defaults to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>none</strong></span>: case-insensitive compression
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User will be used for all clients. If the ACL is defined and
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User matches a client, then case will be ignored when
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User compressing domain names in DNS responses sent to that
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User This can result in slightly smaller responses: if
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User a response contains the names "example.com" and
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User "example.COM", case-insensitive compression would treat
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User the second one as a duplicate. It also ensures
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User that the case of the query name exactly matches the
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User case of the owner names of returned records, rather
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User than matching the case of the records entered in
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User the zone file. This allows responses to exactly
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User match the query, which is required by some clients
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User due to incorrect use of case-sensitive comparisons.
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User Case-insensitive compression is <span class="emphasis"><em>always</em></span>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User used in AXFR and IXFR responses, regardless of whether
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User the client matches this ACL.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt There are circumstances in which <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User will not preserve the case of owner names of records:
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User if a zone file defines records of different types with
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User the same name, but the capitalization of the name is
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User "WWW.EXAMPLE.COM/AAAA"), then all responses for that
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User name will use the <span class="emphasis"><em>first</em></span> version
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User of the name that was used in the zone file. This
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User limitation may be addressed in a future release. However,
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User domain names specified in the rdata of resource records
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User (i.e., records of type NS, MX, CNAME, etc) will always
f2016fcecf098726740507a5522dca04c49aeb82Tinderbox User have their case preserved unless the client matches this
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>resolver-query-timeout</strong></span></span></dt>
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User The amount of time in seconds that the resolver
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User will spend attempting to resolve a recursive
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User query before failing. The default and minimum
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User is <code class="literal">10</code> and the maximum is
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User <code class="literal">30</code>. Setting it to
7e3f5fbcf871f22707e7da5e4c69573a4fdc64b5Tinderbox User <code class="literal">0</code> will result in the default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="interfaces"></a>Interfaces</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt from may be specified using the <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> option. <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> takes
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User an optional port and an <code class="varname">address_match_list</code>
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User of IPv4 addresses. (IPv6 addresses are ignored, with a
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User logged warning.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will listen on all interfaces allowed by the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein match list. If a port is not specified, port 53 will be used.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Multiple <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> statements are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on { 5.6.7.8; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will enable the name server on port 53 for the IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 5.6.7.8, and on port 1234 of an address on the machine in net
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 1.2 that is not 1.2.3.4.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If no <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> is specified, the
24e79a68e1b16324e17364fcd8959379ff6e20e9Mark Andrews server will listen on port 53 on all IPv4 interfaces.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>listen-on-v6</strong></span> option is used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the interfaces and the ports on which the server will
f9aef05653eeb454c489d5bd2bde6daab774ad4aTinderbox User listen for incoming queries sent using IPv6. If not specified,
f9aef05653eeb454c489d5bd2bde6daab774ad4aTinderbox User the server will listen on port 53 on all IPv6 interfaces.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> for the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>listen-on-v6</strong></span> option,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server does not bind a separate socket to each IPv6 interface
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address as it does for IPv4 if the operating system has enough API
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein support for IPv6 (specifically if it conforms to RFC 3493 and RFC
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it listens on the IPv6 wildcard address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the system only has incomplete API support for IPv6, however,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the behavior is the same as that for IPv4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A list of particular IPv6 addresses can also be specified, in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server listens on a separate socket for each specified
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regardless of whether the desired API is supported by the system.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IPv4 addresses specified in <span class="command"><strong>listen-on-v6</strong></span>
0efe2893b6a53d11b84b6ac0fe4508a0e9d1daddTinderbox User will be ignored, with a logged warning.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Multiple <span class="command"><strong>listen-on-v6</strong></span> options can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { any; };
3eb9ec750c9088869170dda63e8899b2ba462823Mark Andrewslisten-on-v6 port 1234 { !2001:db8::/32; any; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will enable the name server on port 53 for any IPv6 addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (with a single wildcard socket),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and on port 1234 of IPv6 addresses that is not in the prefix
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 2001:db8::/32 (with separate sockets for each matched address.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein To make the server not listen on any IPv6 address, use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">listen-on-v6 { none; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews<a name="query_address"></a>Query Address</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the server doesn't know the answer to a question, it will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt query other name servers. <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the address and port used for such queries. For queries sent over
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IPv6, there is a separate <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> option.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>address</strong></span> is <span class="command"><strong>*</strong></span> (asterisk) or is omitted,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt a wildcard IP address (<span class="command"><strong>INADDR_ANY</strong></span>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be used.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span> is <span class="command"><strong>*</strong></span> or is omitted,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater a random port number from a pre-configured
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater range is picked up and will be used for each query.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater The port range(s) is that specified in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv4)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> (for IPv6)
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater options, excluding the ranges specified in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options, respectively.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The defaults of the <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> options
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">query-source address * port *;
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrewsquery-source-v6 address * port *;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> is unspecified,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will check if the operating
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater system provides a programming interface to retrieve the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater system's default range for ephemeral ports.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If such an interface is available,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will use the corresponding system
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater default range; otherwise, it will use its own defaults:
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">use-v4-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updateruse-v6-udp-ports { range 1024 65535; };
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note: make sure the ranges be sufficiently large for
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater security. A desirable size depends on various parameters,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater but we generally recommend it contain at least 16384 ports
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater (14 bits of entropy).
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note also that the system's default range when used may be
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater too small for this purpose, and that the range may even be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt changed while <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is running; the new
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt range will automatically be applied when <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater It is encouraged to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt configure <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> explicitly so that the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater ranges are sufficiently large and are reasonably
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater independent from the ranges used by other applications.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note: the operational configuration
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt where <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> runs may prohibit the use
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of some ports. For example, UNIX systems will not allow
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> running without a root privilege
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to use ports less than 1024.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater If such ports are included in the specified (or detected)
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater set of query ports, the corresponding query attempts will
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater fail, resulting in resolution failures or delay.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater It is therefore important to configure the set of ports
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater that can be safely used in the expected operational environment.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The defaults of the <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> options
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">avoid-v4-udp-ports {};
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updateravoid-v6-udp-ports {};
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note: BIND 9.5.0 introduced
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>use-queryport-pool</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater option to support a pool of such random ports, but this
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater option is now obsolete because reusing the same ports in
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater the pool may not be sufficiently secure.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater For the same reason, it is generally strongly discouraged to
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater specify a particular port for the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> options;
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater it implicitly disables the use of randomized port numbers.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-queryport-pool</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This option is obsolete.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>queryport-pool-ports</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This option is obsolete.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>queryport-pool-updateinterval</strong></span></span></dt>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater This option is obsolete.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The address specified in the <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used for both UDP and TCP queries, but the port applies only
89bc48260b64a8859ae717e9e5bae380e275fef4Mark Andrews to UDP queries. TCP queries always use a random
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unprivileged port.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the source
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews address for TCP sockets.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See also <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="zone_transfers"></a>Zone Transfers</h4></div></div></div>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> has mechanisms in place to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein facilitate zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and set limits on the amount of load that transfers place on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein system. The following options apply to zone transfers.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Defines a global list of IP addresses of name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that are also sent NOTIFY messages whenever a fresh copy of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone is loaded, in addition to the servers listed in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone's NS records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This helps to ensure that copies of the zones will
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater quickly converge on stealth servers.
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater Optionally, a port may be specified with each
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> address to send
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater the notify messages to a port other than the
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic Updater default of 53.
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater An optional TSIG key can also be specified with each
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater address to cause the notify messages to be signed; this
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater can be useful when sending notifies to multiple views.
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater In place of explicit addresses, one or more named
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> lists can be used.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If an <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> list
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is given in a <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein it will override
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>options also-notify</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statement. When a <span class="command"><strong>zone notify</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is set to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>, the IP
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt addresses in the global <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> list will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not be sent NOTIFY messages for that zone. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list (no global notification list).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Inbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (1 hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers running longer than
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 120
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (2 hours). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Outbound zone transfers making no progress
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in this many minutes will be terminated. The default is 60
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein hour). The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User The rate at which NOTIFY requests will be sent
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User during normal zone maintenance operations. (NOTIFY
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User requests due to initial zone loading are subject
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User to a separate rate limit; see below.) The default is
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User 20 per second.
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User The lowest possible rate is one per second; when set
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User to zero, it will be silently raised to one.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>startup-notify-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User The rate at which NOTIFY requests will be sent
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User when the name server is first starting up, or when
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User zones have been newly added to the nameserver.
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User The default is 20 per second.
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User The lowest possible rate is one per second; when set
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User to zero, it will be silently raised to one.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>serial-query-rate</strong></span></span></dt>
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater Slave servers will periodically query master
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater servers to find out if zone serial numbers have
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater changed. Each such query uses a minute amount of
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater the slave server's network bandwidth. To limit
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater the amount of bandwidth used, BIND 9 limits the
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater rate at which queries are sent. The value of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>serial-query-rate</strong></span> option, an
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater integer, is the maximum number of queries sent
60c29cf21affb5243753e22f9ff43347013ae8ebTinderbox User per second. The default is 20 per second.
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User The lowest possible rate is one per second; when set
def82e8de9ff45e29ab21e5aba9a39539138c1f4Tinderbox User to zero, it will be silently raised to one.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>serial-queries</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt In BIND 8, the <span class="command"><strong>serial-queries</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein set the maximum number of concurrent serial number queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allowed to be outstanding at any given time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein BIND 9 does not limit the number of outstanding
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt serial queries and ignores the <span class="command"><strong>serial-queries</strong></span> option.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Instead, it limits the rate at which the queries are sent
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt as defined using the <span class="command"><strong>serial-query-rate</strong></span> option.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Zone transfers can be sent using two different formats,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>one-answer</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span> option is used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on the master server to determine which format it sends.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>one-answer</strong></span> uses one DNS message per
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource record transferred.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> packs as many resource
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews records as possible into a message.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> is more efficient, but is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews only supported by relatively new slave servers,
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews such as <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews 8.x and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.5 onwards.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> format is also supported by
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews recent Microsoft Windows nameservers.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span> may be overridden on a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt per-server basis by using the <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span>
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-message-size</strong></span></span></dt>
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User This is an upper bound on the uncompressed size of DNS
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User messages used in zone transfers over TCP. If a message
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User grows larger than this size, additional messages will be
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User used to complete the zone transfer. (Note, however,
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User that this is a hint, not a hard limit; if a message
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User contains a single resource record whose RDATA does not
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User fit within the size limit, a larger message will be
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User permitted so the record can be transferred.)
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User Valid values are between 512 and 65535 octets, and any
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User values outside that range will be adjusted to the nearest
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User value within it. The default is <code class="literal">20480</code>,
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User which was selected to improve message compression:
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User most DNS messages of this size will compress to less
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User than 16536 bytes. Larger messages cannot be compressed
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User as effectively, because 16536 is the largest permissible
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User compression offset pointer in a DNS message.
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User This option is mainly intended for server testing;
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User there is rarely any benefit in setting a value other
a179cbdf652095d00e7774320592f25eab0210d8Tinderbox User than the default.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfers-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Increasing <span class="command"><strong>transfers-in</strong></span> may
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein speed up the convergence
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of slave zones, but it also may increase the load on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein local system.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfers-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of outbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be running concurrently. Zone transfer requests in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the limit will be refused. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfers-per-ns</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of inbound zone transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that can be concurrently transferring from a given remote
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default value is <code class="literal">2</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Increasing <span class="command"><strong>transfers-per-ns</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein speed up the convergence of slave zones, but it also may
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the load on the remote name server. <span class="command"><strong>transfers-per-ns</strong></span> may
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt be overridden on a per-server basis by using the <span class="command"><strong>transfers</strong></span> phrase
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of the <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statement.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews determines which local address will be bound to IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein TCP connections used to fetch zones transferred
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inbound by the server. It also determines the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein source IPv4 address, and optionally the UDP port,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used for the refresh queries and forwarded dynamic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein updates. If not set, it defaults to a system
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controlled value which will usually be the address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the interface "closest to" the remote end. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address must appear in the remote end's
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span> option for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone being transferred, if one is specified. This
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement sets the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> for all zones,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but can be overridden on a per-view or per-zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein basis by including a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> statement within
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> block in the configuration
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews source address for TCP sockets.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The same as <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except zone transfers are performed using IPv6.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> fails and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If you do not wish the alternate transfer source
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews to be used, you should set
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews appropriately and you should not depend upon
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater getting an answer back to the first refresh
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein An alternate transfer source if the one listed in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> fails and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Use the alternate transfer sources or not. If views are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt specified this defaults to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein otherwise it defaults to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span> (for BIND 8
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein compatibility).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews determines which local source address, and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein optionally UDP port, will be used to send NOTIFY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages. This address must appear in the slave
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt server's <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> zone clause or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in an <span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span> clause. This
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statement sets the <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews for all zones, but can be overridden on a per-zone or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-view basis by including a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span> statement within
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> block in the configuration
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews Solaris 2.5.1 and earlier does not support setting the
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews source address for TCP sockets.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Like <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but applies to notify messages sent to IPv6 addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="port_lists"></a>UDP Port Lists</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater specify a list of IPv4 and IPv6 UDP ports that will be
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater used or not used as source ports for UDP messages.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#query_address" title="Query Address">the section called “Query Address”</a> about how the
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater available ports are determined.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater For example, with the following configuration
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updateruse-v6-udp-ports { range 32768 65535; };
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updateravoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater UDP ports of IPv6 messages sent
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt from <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will be in one
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater of the following ranges: 32768 to 39999, 40001 to 49999,
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater and 60001 to 65535.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>avoid-v6-udp-ports</strong></span> can be used
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to prevent <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> from choosing as its random source port a
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater port that is blocked by your firewall or a port that is
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater used by other applications;
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater if a query went out with a source port blocked by a
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater answer would not get by the firewall and the name server would
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater have to query again.
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater Note: the desired range can also be represented only with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-v6-udp-ports</strong></span>, and the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>avoid-</strong></span> options are redundant in that
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater sense; they are provided for backward compatibility and
984c2e9f76e66e86f7d9aca99a774836ddf196eaAutomatic Updater to possibly simplify the port specification.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="resource_limits"></a>Operating System Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server's usage of many system resources can be limited.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Scaled values are allowed when specifying resource limits. For
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt example, <span class="command"><strong>1G</strong></span> can be used instead of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>1073741824</strong></span> to specify a limit of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt gigabyte. <span class="command"><strong>unlimited</strong></span> requests
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unlimited use, or the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt maximum available amount. <span class="command"><strong>default</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein uses the limit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that was in force when the server was started. See the description
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of <span class="command"><strong>size_spec</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements" title="Configuration File Elements">the section called “Configuration File Elements”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following options set operating system resource limits for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name server process. Some operating systems don't support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any of the limits. On such systems, a warning will be issued if
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unsupported limit is used.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>coresize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum size of a core dump. The default
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>datasize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of data memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This is a hard limit on server memory usage.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the server attempts to allocate memory in excess of this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limit, the allocation will fail, which may in turn leave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the server unable to perform DNS service. Therefore,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein this option is rarely useful as a way of limiting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein amount of memory used by the server, but it can be used
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to raise an operating system data size limit that is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein too small by default. If you wish to limit the amount
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of memory used by the server, use the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-cache-size</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>recursive-clients</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein options instead.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>files</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of files the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may have open concurrently. The default is <code class="literal">unlimited</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>stacksize</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of stack memory the server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may use. The default is <code class="literal">default</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater<a name="server_resource_limits"></a>Server Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following options set limits on the server's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource consumption that are enforced internally by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server rather than the operating system.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-ixfr-log-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is obsolete; it is accepted
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and ignored for BIND 8 compatibility. The option
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span> performs a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews similar function in BIND 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets a maximum size for each journal file
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#journal" title="The journal file">the section called “The journal file”</a>). When the journal file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the specified size, some of the oldest transactions in the
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User will be automatically removed. The largest permitted
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User value is 2 gigabytes. The default is
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User <code class="literal">unlimited</code>, which also
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User means 2 gigabytes.
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater This may also be set on a per-zone basis.
45571e73747cb97c4abcdc7be8cc0c484b1b0e42Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-records</strong></span></span></dt>
45571e73747cb97c4abcdc7be8cc0c484b1b0e42Tinderbox User The maximum number of records permitted in a zone.
45571e73747cb97c4abcdc7be8cc0c484b1b0e42Tinderbox User The default is zero which means unlimited.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>host-statistics-max</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews In BIND 8, specifies the maximum number of host statistics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entries to be kept.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not implemented in BIND 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>recursive-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The maximum number ("hard quota") of simultaneous
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User recursive lookups the server will perform on behalf
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User of clients. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">1000</code>. Because each recursing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein client uses a fair
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User bit of memory (on the order of 20 kilobytes), the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>recursive-clients</strong></span> option may
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User have to be decreased on hosts with limited memory.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="option">recursive-clients</code> defines a "hard
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User quota" limit for pending recursive clients: when more
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User clients than this are pending, new incoming requests
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User will not be accepted, and for each incoming request
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User a previous pending request will also be dropped.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User A "soft quota" is also set. When this lower
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User quota is exceeded, incoming requests are accepted, but
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User for each one, a pending request will be dropped.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User If <code class="option">recursive-clients</code> is greater than
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User 1000, the soft quota is set to
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="option">recursive-clients</code> minus 100;
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User otherwise it is set to 90% of
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="option">recursive-clients</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tcp-clients</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum number of simultaneous client TCP
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein connections that the server will accept.
637cef10a979b86efa7cd68e4e920c125c06d6fdTinderbox User The default is <code class="literal">150</code>.
b96b01ed26f27cb9bb2fef7b088a331256fc5804Tinderbox User<a name="clients-per-query"></a><span class="term"><a name="cpq_term"></a><span class="command"><strong>clients-per-query</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-clients-per-query</strong></span></span>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <p>These set the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User initial value (minimum) and maximum number of recursive
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User simultaneous clients for any given query
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User (<qname,qtype,qclass>) that the server will accept
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt before dropping additional clients. <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will attempt to
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User self tune this value and changes will be logged. The
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User default values are 10 and 100.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User This value should reflect how many queries come in for
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User a given name in the time it takes to resolve that name.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If the number of queries exceed this value, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User assume that it is dealing with a non-responsive zone
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User and will drop additional queries. If it gets a response
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User after dropping queries, it will raise the estimate. The
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User estimate will then be lowered in 20 minutes if it has
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User remained unchanged.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User then there is no limit on the number of clients per query
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User and no queries will be dropped.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>max-clients-per-query</strong></span> is set to zero,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User then there is no upper bound other than imposed by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>recursive-clients</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="fetches-per-zone"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-zone</strong></span></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The maximum number of simultaneous iterative
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User queries to any one domain that the server will
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User permit before blocking new queries for data
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User in or beneath that zone.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User This value should reflect how many fetches would
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User normally be sent to any one zone in the time it
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User would take to resolve them. It should be smaller
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User than <code class="option">recursive-clients</code>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User When many clients simultaneously query for the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User same name and type, the clients will all be attached
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User to the same fetch, up to the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="option">max-clients-per-query</code> limit,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User and only one iterative query will be sent.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User However, when clients are simultaneously
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User querying for <span class="emphasis"><em>different</em></span> names
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User or types, multiple queries will be sent and
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="option">max-clients-per-query</code> is not
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User effective as a limit.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User Optionally, this value may be followed by the keyword
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="literal">drop</code> or <code class="literal">fail</code>,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User indicating whether queries which exceed the fetch
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User quota for a zone will be dropped with no response,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User or answered with SERVFAIL. The default is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-zone</strong></span> is set to zero,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User then there is no limit on the number of fetches per query
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User and no queries will be dropped. The default is zero.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The current list of active fetches can be dumped by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt running <span class="command"><strong>rndc recursing</strong></span>. The list
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User includes the number of active fetches for each
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User domain and the number of queries that have been
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User passed or dropped as a result of the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="option">fetches-per-zone</code> limit. (Note:
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User these counters are not cumulative over time; whenever
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the number of active fetches for a domain drops to
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User zero, the counter for that domain is deleted, and the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User next time a fetch is sent to that domain, it is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User recreated with the counters set to zero.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="fetches-per-server"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The maximum number of simultaneous iterative
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User queries that the server will allow to be sent to
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User a single upstream name server before blocking
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User additional queries.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User This value should reflect how many fetches would
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User normally be sent to any one server in the time it
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User would take to resolve them. It should be smaller
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User than <code class="option">recursive-clients</code>.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User Optionally, this value may be followed by the keyword
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User <code class="literal">drop</code> or <code class="literal">fail</code>,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User indicating whether queries will be dropped with no
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User response, or answered with SERVFAIL, when all of the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User servers authoritative for a zone are found to have
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User exceeded the per-server quota. The default is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span> is set to zero,
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User then there is no limit on the number of fetches per query
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User and no queries will be dropped. The default is zero.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span> quota is
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User dynamically adjusted in response to detected
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User congestion. As queries are sent to a server
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User and are either answered or time out, an
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User exponentially weighted moving average is calculated
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User of the ratio of timeouts to responses. If the
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User current average timeout ratio rises above a "high"
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt threshold, then <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User is reduced for that server. If the timeout ratio
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User drops below a "low" threshold, then
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>fetches-per-server</strong></span> is increased.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>fetch-quota-params</strong></span> options
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User can be used to adjust the parameters for this
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>fetch-quota-params</strong></span></span></dt>
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User Sets the parameters to use for dynamic resizing of
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the <code class="option">fetches-per-server</code> quota in
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User response to detected congestion.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The first argument is an integer value indicating
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User how frequently to recalculate the moving average
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User of the ratio of timeouts to responses for each
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User server. The default is 100, meaning we recalculate
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the average ratio after every 100 queries have either
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User been answered or timed out.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User The remaining three arguments represent the "low"
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User threshold (defaulting to a timeout ratio of 0.1),
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the "high" threshold (defaulting to a timeout
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User ratio of 0.3), and the discount rate for
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the moving average (defaulting to 0.7).
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User A higher discount rate causes recent events to
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User weigh more heavily when calculating the moving
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User average; a lower discount rate causes past
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User events to weigh more heavily, smoothing out
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User short-term blips in the timeout ratio.
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User These arguments are all fixed-point numbers with
c0cbdeedb5e119c640f098da1851cb1b9adcc739Tinderbox User the decimal point are significant.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>reserved-sockets</strong></span></span></dt>
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater The number of file descriptors reserved for TCP, stdio,
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater etc. This needs to be big enough to cover the number of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt interfaces <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> listens on, <span class="command"><strong>tcp-clients</strong></span> as well as
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater to provide room for outgoing TCP queries and incoming zone
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater transfers. The default is <code class="literal">512</code>.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater The minimum value is <code class="literal">128</code> and the
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater maximum value is <code class="literal">128</code> less than
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater maxsockets (-S). This option may be removed in the future.
4a71c59d2bf32585c5dd18f4630d5f10e56a1ab3Automatic Updater This option has little effect on Windows.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-cache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum amount of memory to use for the
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User server's cache, in bytes or % of total physical memory.
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater When the amount of data in the cache
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User reaches this limit, the server will cause records to
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User expire prematurely based on an LRU based strategy so
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User that the limit is not exceeded.
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User The keyword <strong class="userinput"><code>unlimited</code></strong>,
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User or the value 0, will place no limit on cache size;
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User records will be purged from the cache only when their
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User Any positive values less than 2MB will be ignored
bae169ea64bf736d6ea6074c2af3d7c117079972Tinderbox User and reset to 2MB.
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
8b1cba45ade83893c009b37f47d5478e97eb61d2Automatic Updater separately to the cache of each view.
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>90%</code></strong>.
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User On systems where detection of amount of physical
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User memory is not supported values represented as %
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User fall back to unlimited.
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User Note that the detection of physical memory is done only
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt once at startup, so <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will not
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User adjust the cache size if the amount of physical memory
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User is changed during runtime.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>tcp-listen-queue</strong></span></span></dt>
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User The listen queue depth. The default and minimum is 10.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If the kernel supports the accept filter "dataready" this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein also controls how
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein many TCP connections that will be queued in kernel space
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User some data before being passed to accept. Nonzero values
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User less than 10 will be silently raised. A value of 0 may also
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User be used; on most platforms this sets the listen queue
85d259b3cf22bdbf7c1c1dadd95dfea4d5a84375Tinderbox User length to a system-defined default value.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="intervals"></a>Periodic Task Intervals</h4></div></div></div>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater This interval is effectively obsolete. Previously,
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater the server would remove expired resource records
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt from the cache every <span class="command"><strong>cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 now manages cache
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater memory in a more sophisticated manner and does not
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater rely on the periodic cleaning any more.
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater Specifying this option therefore has no effect on
2a9a5e1871710510cdbba67c13ce21e75296b451Automatic Updater the server's behavior.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>heartbeat-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will perform zone maintenance tasks
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for all zones marked as <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span> whenever this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interval expires. The default is 60 minutes. Reasonable
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein values are up
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to 1 day (1440 minutes). The maximum value is 28 days
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no zone maintenance for these zones will occur.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>interface-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will scan the network interface list
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt every <span class="command"><strong>interface-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is 60 minutes. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, interface scanning will only occur when
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the configuration file is loaded. After the scan, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begin listening for queries on any newly discovered
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interfaces (provided they are allowed by the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>listen-on</strong></span> configuration), and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stop listening on interfaces that have gone away.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Name server statistics will be logged
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt every <span class="command"><strong>statistics-interval</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minutes. The default is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 60. The maximum value is 28 days (40320 minutes).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If set to 0, no statistics will be logged.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Not yet implemented in
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>topology</strong></span></span></dt>
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User In BIND 8, this option indicated network topology
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User so that preferential treatment could be given to
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User the topologicaly closest name servers when sending
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User queries. It is not implemented in BIND 9.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="the_sortlist_statement"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> Statement</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The response to a DNS query may consist of multiple resource
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User records (RRs) forming a resource record set (RRset). The name
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User server will normally return the RRs within the RRset in an
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User indeterminate order (but see the <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span>
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User statement in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>). The client
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User resolver code should rearrange the RRs as appropriate, that is,
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User using any addresses on the local net in preference to other
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User addresses. However, not all resolvers can do this or are
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User correctly configured. When a client is using a local server,
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User the sorting can be performed in the server, based on the
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User client's address. This only requires configuring the name
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User servers, not all the clients.
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User The <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> statement (see below) takes an
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span> and interprets it in a
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User special way. Each top level statement in the
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> must itself be an explicit
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span> with one or two elements.
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User The first element (which may be an IP address, an IP prefix, an
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User ACL name or a nested <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span>) of
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User each top level list is checked against the source address of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the query until a match is found.
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User Once the source address of the query has been matched, if the
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User top level statement contains only one element, the actual
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User primitive element that matched the source address is used to
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User select the address in the response to move to the beginning of
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User the response. If the statement is a list of two elements, then
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User the second element is interpreted as a topology preference
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User list. Each top level element is assigned a distance and the
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User address in the response with the minimum distance is moved to
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User the beginning of the response.
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User In the following example, any queries received from any of the
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User addresses of the host itself will get responses preferring
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User addresses on any of the locally connected networks. Next most
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User preferred are addresses on the 192.168.1/24 network, and after
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User that either the 192.168.2/24 or 192.168.3/24 network with no
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User preference shown between these two networks. Queries received
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User from a host on the 192.168.1/24 network will prefer other
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User addresses on that network to the 192.168.2/24 and 192.168.3/24
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User networks. Queries received from a host on the 192.168.4/24 or
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User the 192.168.5/24 network will only prefer other addresses on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein their directly connected networks.
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // IF the local host
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // THEN first fit on the following nets
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // IF on class C 192.168.1 THEN use .1, or .2 or .3
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // IF on class C 192.168.2 THEN use .2, or .1 or .3
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // IF on class C 192.168.3 THEN use .3, or .1 or .2
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // IF .4 or .5 THEN prefer that net
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following example will give reasonable behavior for the
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User local host and hosts on directly connected networks. It is
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User similar to the behavior of the address sort in
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4.9.x. Responses sent to queries from
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User the local host will favor any of the directly connected
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein networks. Responses sent to queries from any other hosts on a
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User directly connected network will prefer addresses on that same
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User network. Responses to other queries will not be sorted.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce { localhost; localnets; };
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce { localnets; };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="rrset_ordering"></a>RRset Ordering</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When multiple records are returned in an answer it may be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein useful to configure the order of the records placed into the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span> statement permits
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the ordering of the records in a multiple record response.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See also the <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> statement,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt An <span class="command"><strong>order_spec</strong></span> is defined as
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews [<span class="optional">class <em class="replaceable"><code>class_name</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">type <em class="replaceable"><code>type_name</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional">name <em class="replaceable"><code>"domain_name"</code></em></span>]
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews order <em class="replaceable"><code>ordering</code></em>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If no class is specified, the default is <span class="command"><strong>ANY</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If no type is specified, the default is <span class="command"><strong>ANY</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If no name is specified, the default is "<span class="command"><strong>*</strong></span>" (asterisk).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The legal values for <span class="command"><strong>ordering</strong></span> are:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>fixed</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in the order they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are defined in the zone file.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>random</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Records are returned in some random order.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>cyclic</strong></span></p>
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater Records are returned in a cyclic round-robin order.
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater If <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> is configured with the
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater "--enable-fixed-rrset" option at compile time, then
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater the initial ordering of the RRset will match the
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater one specified in the zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example:
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce class IN type A name "host.example.com" order random;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce order cyclic;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will cause any responses for type A records in class IN that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have "<code class="literal">host.example.com</code>" as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein suffix, to always be returned
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in random order. All other records are returned in cyclic order.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If multiple <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span> statements
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater appear, they are not combined — the last one applies.
c92c50783e4e93699f2a42643b8f200b9b719c87Automatic Updater By default, all records are returned in random order.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater In this release of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span> statement does not support
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater "fixed" ordering by default. Fixed ordering can be enabled
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater at compile time by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" on
9ef82979c49da3dd3647273b1cd6ed7d3352c003Automatic Updater the "configure" command line.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="tuning"></a>Tuning</h4></div></div></div>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>lame-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Sets the number of seconds to cache a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lame server indication. 0 disables caching. (This is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span class="bold"><strong>NOT</strong></span> recommended.)
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The default is <code class="literal">600</code> (10 minutes) and the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews maximum value is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>servfail-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User Sets the number of seconds to cache a
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User SERVFAIL response due to DNSSEC validation failure or
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User other general server failure. If set to
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User <code class="literal">0</code>, SERVFAIL caching is disabled.
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User The SERVFAIL cache is not consulted if a query has
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User the CD (Checking Disabled) bit set; this allows a
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User query that failed due to DNSSEC validation to be retried
5fa6a064b8301e4f274bd132fd577def59e4fb4cTinderbox User without waiting for the SERVFAIL TTL to expire.
e2b184f84e846bbcb764b6f0aef5dcd583d3d7a1Tinderbox User The maximum value is <code class="literal">30</code>
e2b184f84e846bbcb764b6f0aef5dcd583d3d7a1Tinderbox User seconds; any higher value will be silently
e2b184f84e846bbcb764b6f0aef5dcd583d3d7a1Tinderbox User reduced. The default is <code class="literal">1</code>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews To reduce network traffic and increase performance,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the server stores negative answers. <span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to set a maximum retention time for these answers in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in seconds. The default
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> is <code class="literal">10800</code> seconds (3 hours).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-ncache-ttl</strong></span> cannot exceed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 7 days and will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be silently truncated to 7 days if set to a greater value.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-cache-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Sets the maximum time for which the server will
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User cache ordinary (positive) answers in seconds.
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User The default is 604800 (one week).
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater A value of zero may cause all queries to return
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater SERVFAIL, because of lost caches of intermediate
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater RRsets (such as NS and glue AAAA/A records) in the
cd3ee12f1d34107678bde7be68b1d7f0f45cf2c9Automatic Updater resolution process.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-roots</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The minimum number of root servers that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is required for a request for the root servers to be
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews accepted. The default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is <strong class="userinput"><code>2</code></strong>.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Not implemented in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Specifies the number of days into the future when
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater DNSSEC signatures automatically generated as a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt result of dynamic updates (<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dynamic_update" title="Dynamic Update">the section called “Dynamic Update”</a>) will expire. There
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater is an optional second field which specifies how
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater long before expiry that the signatures will be
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater regenerated. If not specified, the signatures will
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater be regenerated at 1/4 of base interval. The second
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater field is specified in days if the base interval is
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater greater than 7 days otherwise it is specified in hours.
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The default base interval is <code class="literal">30</code> days
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater giving a re-signing interval of 7 1/2 days. The maximum
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater values are 10 years (3660 days).
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater The signature inception time is unconditionally
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater set to one hour before the current time to allow
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater for a limited amount of clock skew.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater should be, at least, several multiples of the SOA
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater expire interval to allow for reasonable interaction
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater between the various timer and expiry dates.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater Specify the maximum number of nodes to be
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater examined in each quantum when signing a zone with
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater a new DNSKEY. The default is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater Specify a threshold number of signatures that
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater will terminate processing a quantum when signing
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater a zone with a new DNSKEY. The default is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
2914684df93e6c3aa4d402b5a14fbe6137f538aeAutomatic Updater Specify a private RDATA type to be used when generating
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User signing state records. The default is
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater It is expected that this parameter may be removed
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater in a future version once there is a standard type.
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User Signing state records are used to internally by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to track the current state of
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User a zone-signing process, i.e., whether it is still active
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User or has been completed. The records can be inspected
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User using the command
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -list <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Once <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> has finished signing
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User a zone with a particular key, the signing state
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User record associated with that key can be removed from
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User the zone by running
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -clear <em class="replaceable"><code>keyid/algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User To clear all of the completed signing state
74ae031d9d7780015c11242b71cecca905ada695Tinderbox User records for a zone, use
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -clear all <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options control the server's behavior on refreshing a
17fdbf542a0db30107b200403c51a72fe62c218dTinderbox User zone (querying for SOA changes) or retrying failed
17fdbf542a0db30107b200403c51a72fe62c218dTinderbox User transfers. Usually the SOA values for the zone are used,
17fdbf542a0db30107b200403c51a72fe62c218dTinderbox User up to a hard-coded maximum expiry of 24 weeks. However,
17fdbf542a0db30107b200403c51a72fe62c218dTinderbox User these values are set by the master, giving slave server
17fdbf542a0db30107b200403c51a72fe62c218dTinderbox User administrators little control over their contents.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein These options allow the administrator to set a minimum and
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User maximum refresh and retry time in seconds per-zone,
17fdbf542a0db30107b200403c51a72fe62c218dTinderbox User per-view, or globally. These options are valid for
17fdbf542a0db30107b200403c51a72fe62c218dTinderbox User slave and stub zones, and clamp the SOA refresh and
17fdbf542a0db30107b200403c51a72fe62c218dTinderbox User retry times to the specified values.
fde6bfde6ec1d7a5f9907aeea8618db9dbd02f4cAutomatic Updater The following defaults apply.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>min-refresh-time</strong></span> 300 seconds,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-refresh-time</strong></span> 2419200 seconds
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (4 weeks), <span class="command"><strong>min-retry-time</strong></span> 500 seconds,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and <span class="command"><strong>max-retry-time</strong></span> 1209600 seconds
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
9c716f839c5dc2a9e236dada3af83b03e863078bTinderbox User Sets the maximum advertised EDNS UDP buffer size in
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User bytes, to control the size of packets received from
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User authoritative servers in response to recursive queries.
87ff79ee66e85519d7f75195a5345e5f5e09c895Automatic Updater Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this range
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User will be silently adjusted to the nearest value within
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User it). The default value is 4096.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The usual reason for setting
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default value
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User is to get UDP answers to pass through broken firewalls
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User that block fragmented packets and/or block UDP DNS
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> first queries a remote
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User server, it will advertise a UDP buffer size of 512, as
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User this has the greatest chance of success on the first try.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If the initial response times out, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User will try again with plain DNS, and if that is successful,
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User it will be taken as evidence that the server does not
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User support EDNS. After enough failures using EDNS and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt successes using plain DNS, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User will default to plain DNS for future communications
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with that server. (Periodically, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User will send an EDNS query to see if the situation has
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User However, if the initial query is successful with
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User EDNS advertising a buffer size of 512, then
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will advertise progressively
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User larger buffer sizes on successive queries, until
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User responses begin timing out or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span> is reached.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default buffer sizes used by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User are 512, 1232, 1432, and 4096, but never exceeding
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span>. (The values 1232 and
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User 1432 are chosen to allow for an IPv4/IPv6 encapsulated
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User UDP message to be sent without fragmentation at the
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User minimum MTU sizes for Ethernet and IPv6 networks.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-udp-size</strong></span></span></dt>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater Sets the maximum EDNS UDP message size
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will send in bytes.
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User range will be silently adjusted to the nearest
04bbadfbcb8a755cb208c4034073a3c0eb96b9aaTinderbox User value within it). The default value is 4096.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User This value applies to responses sent by a server; to
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User set the advertised buffer size in queries, see
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span>.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User The usual reason for setting
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-udp-size</strong></span> to a non-default
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater firewalls that block fragmented packets and/or
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews This is independent of the advertised receive
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt buffer (<span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span>).
f7b2875691497b292eacb60609be23a813d14e63Automatic Updater Setting this to a low value will encourage additional
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater TCP traffic to the nameserver.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the file format of zone files (see
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format" title="Additional File Formats">the section called “Additional File Formats”</a>).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default value is <code class="constant">text</code>, which is the
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater standard textual representation, except for slave zones,
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater in which the default value is <code class="constant">raw</code>.
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater Files in other formats than <code class="constant">text</code> are
be75fd4f49dc3e96e43fdcd6bacf8d3b8749a0e0Automatic Updater typically expected to be generated by the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named-compilezone</strong></span> tool, or dumped by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Note that when a zone file in a different format than
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <code class="constant">text</code> is loaded, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews may omit some of the checks which would be performed for a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews file in the <code class="constant">text</code> format. In particular,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span> checks do not apply
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for the <code class="constant">raw</code> format. This means
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews a zone file in the <code class="constant">raw</code> format
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews must be generated with the same check level as that
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt specified in the <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> configuration
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User file. Also, <code class="constant">map</code> format files are
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User loaded directly into memory via memory mapping, with only
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User minimal checking.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User This statement sets the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span> for all zones,
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews but can be overridden on a per-zone or per-view basis
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by including a <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statement within the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> block in the configuration
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>masterfile-style</strong></span></span></dt>
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User Specifies the formatting of zone files during dump
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User when the <code class="option">masterfile-format</code> is
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User <code class="constant">text</code>. (This option is ignored
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User with any other <code class="option">masterfile-format</code>.)
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User When set to <code class="constant">relative</code>,
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User records are printed in a multi-line format with owner
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User names expressed relative to a shared origin. When set
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User to <code class="constant">full</code>, records are printed in
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User a single-line format with absolute owner names.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User The <code class="constant">full</code> format is most suitable
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User when a zone file needs to be processed automatically
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User by a script. The <code class="constant">relative</code> format
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User is more human-readable, and is thus suitable when a
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User zone is to be edited by hand. The default is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="max-recursion-depth"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-recursion-depth</strong></span></span>
d6984fd680db88faad5be52edef2416dd20488baTinderbox User Sets the maximum number of levels of recursion
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User that are permitted at any one time while servicing
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User a recursive query. Resolving a name may require
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User looking up a name server address, which in turn
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User requires resolving another name, etc; if the number
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User of indirections exceeds this value, the recursive
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User query is terminated and returns SERVFAIL. The
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User default is 7.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="max-recursion-queries"></a><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-recursion-queries</strong></span></span>
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User Sets the maximum number of iterative queries that
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User may be sent while servicing a recursive query.
795beed7207cb3501cd3f89cec165c07ad86dee2Tinderbox User If more queries are sent, the recursive query
c60ee6edf129596fa04db86c6865d75b5a412598Tinderbox User is terminated and returns SERVFAIL. Queries to
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User look up top level domains such as "com" and "net"
c60ee6edf129596fa04db86c6865d75b5a412598Tinderbox User and the DNS root zone are exempt from this limitation.
c60ee6edf129596fa04db86c6865d75b5a412598Tinderbox User The default is 75.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews The delay, in seconds, between sending sets of notify
4a5d8786edaff5f9f022c117b4da084bcb4a0b71Automatic Updater messages for a zone. The default is five (5) seconds.
6100dfd774ab9b4040b6f348ef1de01bc902ae07Automatic Updater The overall rate that NOTIFY messages are sent for all
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt zones is controlled by <span class="command"><strong>serial-query-rate</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-rsa-exponent-size</strong></span></span></dt>
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User The maximum RSA exponent size, in bits, that will
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User be accepted when validating. Valid values are 35
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User to 4096 bits. The default zero (0) is also accepted
edaa0648858316d9f4ad2a4093f16e05dbf2fe50Tinderbox User and is equivalent to 4096.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>prefetch</strong></span></span></dt>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User When a query is received for cached data which
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is to expire shortly, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> can
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User refresh the data from the authoritative server
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User immediately, ensuring that the cache always has an
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User answer available.
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User The <code class="option">prefetch</code> specifies the
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User "trigger" TTL value at which prefetch of the current
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User query will take place: when a cache record with a
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User lower TTL value is encountered during query processing,
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User it will be refreshed. Valid trigger TTL values are 1 to
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User 10 seconds. Values larger than 10 seconds will be silently
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User reduced to 10.
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User Setting a trigger TTL to zero (0) causes
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User prefetch to be disabled.
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User The default trigger TTL is <code class="literal">2</code>.
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User An optional second argument specifies the "eligibility"
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User TTL: the smallest <span class="emphasis"><em>original</em></span>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User TTL value that will be accepted for a record to be
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User eligible for prefetching. The eligibility TTL must
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User be at least six seconds longer than the trigger TTL;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt if it isn't, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will silently
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User adjust it upward.
1f30da8ae0a25e6a7b686ffc46238cb58cddccb2Tinderbox User The default eligibility TTL is <code class="literal">9</code>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>v6-bias</strong></span></span></dt>
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User When determining the next nameserver to try
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User preference IPv6 nameservers by this many milliseconds.
8f70b6b48364b58f2823e735c35bf77787de0860Tinderbox User The default is <code class="literal">50</code> milliseconds.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="builtin"></a>Built-in server information zones</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server provides some helpful diagnostic information
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein through a number of built-in zones under the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pseudo-top-level-domain <code class="literal">bind</code> in the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span> class. These zones are part
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt built-in view (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar" title="view Statement Grammar">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>) of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span> which is separate from the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt default view of class <span class="command"><strong>IN</strong></span>. Most global
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt configuration options (<span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User etc) will apply to this view, but some are locally
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt overridden: <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>recursion</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-new-zones</strong></span> are
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User always set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>, and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> is set to allow
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User three responses per second.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User If you need to disable these zones, use the options
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt below, or hide the built-in <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt defining an explicit view of class <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that matches all clients.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>version</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The version the server should report
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein via a query of the name <code class="literal">version.bind</code>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with type <span class="command"><strong>TXT</strong></span>, class <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the real version number of this server.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specifying <span class="command"><strong>version none</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>hostname</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The hostname the server should report via a query of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the name <code class="filename">hostname.bind</code>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with type <span class="command"><strong>TXT</strong></span>, class <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This defaults to the hostname of the machine hosting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name server as
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews found by the gethostname() function. The primary purpose of such queries
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt answering your queries. Specifying <span class="command"><strong>hostname none;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>server-id</strong></span></span></dt>
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater The ID the server should report when receiving a Name
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater Server Identifier (NSID) query, or a query of the name
9011c72c568aedd03709f56f21d639fd55944a74Automatic Updater <code class="filename">ID.SERVER</code> with type
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>TXT</strong></span>, class <span class="command"><strong>CHAOS</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The primary purpose of such queries is to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt answering your queries. Specifying <span class="command"><strong>server-id none;</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein disables processing of the queries.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Specifying <span class="command"><strong>server-id hostname;</strong></span> will cause <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews use the hostname as found by the gethostname() function.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default <span class="command"><strong>server-id</strong></span> is <span class="command"><strong>none</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<a name="empty"></a>Built-in Empty Zones</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server has some built-in
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User empty zones (SOA and NS records only).
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews These are for zones that should normally be answered locally
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews and which queries should not be sent to the Internet's root
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews servers. The official servers which cover these namespaces
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews return NXDOMAIN responses to these queries. In particular,
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater these cover the reverse namespaces for addresses from
e67b52444aa179d82a1dea2da9bd4388ce7ded52Tinderbox User RFC 1918, RFC 4193, RFC 5737 and RFC 6598. They also include the
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater reverse namespace for IPv6 local address (locally assigned),
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater IPv6 link local addresses, the IPv6 loopback address and the
77dccf2a5d9327d16b4374a135cdb99bdd48620eAutomatic Updater IPv6 unknown address.
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User The server will attempt to determine if a built-in zone
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User already exists or is active (covered by a forward-only
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User forwarding declaration) and will not create an empty
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User zone in that case.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The current list of empty zones is:
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<li class="listitem">255.255.255.255.IN-ADDR.ARPA</li>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<li class="listitem">0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<li class="listitem">1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA</li>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Empty zones are settable at the view level and only apply to
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews views of class IN. Disabled empty zones are only inherited
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews from options if there are no disabled empty zones specified
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews at the view level. To override the options list of disabled
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews zones, you can disable the root zone at the view level, for example:
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews disable-empty-zone ".";
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews If you are using the address ranges covered here, you should
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews already have reverse zones covering the addresses you use.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews In practice this appears to not be the case with many queries
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews being made to the infrastructure servers for names in these
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews spaces. So many in fact that sacrificial servers were needed
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews to be deployed to channel the query load away from the
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews infrastructure servers.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews The real parent servers for these zones should disable all
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews empty zone under the parent zone they serve. For the real
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater root servers, this is all built-in empty zones. This will
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews enable them to return referrals to deeper in the tree.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>empty-server</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Specify what server name will appear in the returned
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews the zone's name will be used.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>empty-contact</strong></span></span></dt>
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews Specify what contact name will appear in the returned
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews SOA record for empty zones. If none is specified, then
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews "." will be used.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>empty-zones-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater Enable or disable all empty zones. By default, they
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews are enabled.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>disable-empty-zone</strong></span></span></dt>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater Disable individual empty zones. By default, none are
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews disabled. This option can be specified multiple times.
1586d8cbac5d73031716561386f60758c6c332d5Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="acache"></a>Additional Section Caching</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The additional section cache, also called <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is an internal cache to improve the response performance of BIND 9.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When additional section caching is enabled, BIND 9 will
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews cache an internal short-cut to the additional section content for
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews each answer RR.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Note that <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span> is an internal caching
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews mechanism of BIND 9, and is not related to the DNS caching
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews server function.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Additional section caching does not change the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein response content (except the RRsets ordering of the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein section, see below), but can improve the response performance
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein significantly.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is particularly effective when BIND 9 acts as an authoritative
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews server for a zone that has many delegations with many glue RRs.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews In order to obtain the maximum performance improvement
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews from additional section caching, setting
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span> is recommended, since the current
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt implementation of <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews does not short-cut of additional section information from the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews DNS cache data.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt One obvious disadvantage of <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span> is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that it requires much more
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein memory for the internal cached data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Thus, if the response performance does not matter and memory
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews consumption is much more critical, the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span> mechanism can be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt disabled by setting <span class="command"><strong>acache-enable</strong></span> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein It is also possible to specify the upper limit of memory
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for acache by using <span class="command"><strong>max-acache-size</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Additional section caching also has a minor effect on the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews RRset ordering in the additional section.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Without <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>cyclic</strong></span> order is effective for the additional
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein section as well as the answer and authority sections.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews However, additional section caching fixes the ordering when it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein first caches an RRset for the additional section, and the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ordering will be kept in succeeding responses, regardless of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt setting of <span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The effect of this should be minor, however, since an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews RRset in the additional section
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein typically only contains a small number of RRs (and in many cases
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews it only contains a single RR), in which case the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein ordering does not matter much.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The following is a summary of options related to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>acache</strong></span>.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>acache-enable</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>, additional section caching is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt enabled. The default value is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server will remove stale cache entries, based on an LRU
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt algorithm, every <span class="command"><strong>acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> minutes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is 60 minutes.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews If set to 0, no periodic cleaning will occur.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-acache-size</strong></span></span></dt>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The maximum amount of memory in bytes to use for the server's acache.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When the amount of data in the acache reaches this limit,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews will clean more aggressively so that the limit is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In a server with multiple views, the limit applies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separately to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein acache of each view.
276e28f813ffef042d5a6e9f3373ef4e2ad37996Mark Andrews The default is <code class="literal">16M</code>.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="content_filtering"></a>Content Filtering</h4></div></div></div>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides the ability to filter
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater out DNS responses from external DNS servers containing
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater certain types of data in the answer section.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Specifically, it can reject address (A or AAAA) records if
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the corresponding IPv4 or IPv6 addresses match the given
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater It can also reject CNAME or DNAME records if the "alias"
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater name (i.e., the CNAME alias or the substituted query name
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater due to DNAME) matches the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater given <code class="varname">namelist</code> of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-aliases</strong></span> option, where
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater "match" means the alias name is a subdomain of one of
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the <code class="varname">name_list</code> elements.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If the optional <code class="varname">namelist</code> is specified
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with <span class="command"><strong>except-from</strong></span>, records whose query name
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater matches the list will be accepted regardless of the filter
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Likewise, if the alias name is a subdomain of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt corresponding zone, the <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater filter will not apply;
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater for example, even if "example.com" is specified for
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-aliases</strong></span>,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">www.example.com. CNAME xxx.example.com.</pre>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater returned by an "example.com" server will be accepted.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater In the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>deny-answer-addresses</strong></span> option, only
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater and <code class="varname">ip_prefix</code>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater are meaningful;
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater any <code class="varname">key_id</code> will be silently ignored.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If a response message is rejected due to the filtering,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the entire message is discarded without being cached, and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater a SERVFAIL error will be returned to the client.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater This filtering is intended to prevent "DNS rebinding attacks," in
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater which an attacker, in response to a query for a domain name the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater attacker controls, returns an IP address within your own network or
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater an alias name within your own domain.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater A naive web browser or script could then serve as an
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater unintended proxy, allowing the attacker
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater to get access to an internal node of your local network
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater that couldn't be externally accessed otherwise.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater See the paper available at
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1315245.1315298" target="_top">
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1315245.1315298
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater for more details about the attacks.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater For example, if you own a domain named "example.net" and
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater your internal network uses an IPv4 prefix 192.0.2.0/24,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater you might specify the following rules:
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">deny-answer-addresses { 192.0.2.0/24; } except-from { "example.net"; };
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updaterdeny-answer-aliases { "example.net"; };
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater If an external attacker lets a web browser in your local
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater network look up an IPv4 address of "attacker.example.com",
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the attacker's DNS server would return a response like this:
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">attacker.example.com. A 192.0.2.1</pre>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater in the answer section.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Since the rdata of this record (the IPv4 address) matches
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the specified prefix 192.0.2.0/24, this response will be
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater On the other hand, if the browser looks up a legitimate
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater internal web server "www.example.net" and the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater following response is returned to
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 server
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">www.example.net. A 192.0.2.2</pre>
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater it will be accepted since the owner name "www.example.net"
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt matches the <span class="command"><strong>except-from</strong></span> element,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Note that this is not really an attack on the DNS per se.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater In fact, there is nothing wrong for an "external" name to
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater be mapped to your "internal" IP address or domain name
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater from the DNS point of view.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater It might actually be provided for a legitimate purpose,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater such as for debugging.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater As long as the mapping is provided by the correct owner,
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater it is not possible or does not make sense to detect
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater whether the intent of the mapping is legitimate or not
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater within the DNS.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater The "rebinding" attack must primarily be protected at the
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater application that uses the DNS.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater For a large site, however, it may be difficult to protect
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater all possible applications at once.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater This filtering feature is provided only to help such an
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater operational environment;
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater it is generally discouraged to turn it on unless you are
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater very sure you have no other choice and the attack is a
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater real threat for your applications.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Care should be particularly taken if you want to use this
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater option for addresses within 127.0.0.0/8.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater These addresses are obviously "internal", but many
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater applications conventionally rely on a DNS mapping from
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater some name to such an address.
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater Filtering out DNS records containing this address
afb33f777af856f8c3382604a7a8ffdfe2b512c5Automatic Updater spuriously can break such applications.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="rpz"></a>Response Policy Zone (RPZ) Rewriting</h4></div></div></div>
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 includes a limited
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User mechanism to modify DNS responses for requests
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User analogous to email anti-spam DNS blacklists.
b68a2d272b958eb2c40cce59ee33e71c5f5f521bTinderbox User Responses can be changed to deny the existence of domains (NXDOMAIN),
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater deny the existence of IP addresses for domains (NODATA),
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater or contain other IP addresses or data.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater Response policy zones are named in the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option for the view or among the
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater global options if there is no response-policy option for the view.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Response policy zones are ordinary DNS zones containing RRsets
f0da471019f224ba88dc2f4b3f2209c6102855f6Automatic Updater that can be queried normally if allowed.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater It is usually best to restrict those queries with something like
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query { localhost; };</strong></span>.
2ba8603ca962450068fe45f04c5caf8219b0d5f1Tinderbox User Note that zones using <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format map</strong></span>
2ba8603ca962450068fe45f04c5caf8219b0d5f1Tinderbox User cannot be used as policy zones.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt A <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option can support
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User multiple policy zones. To maximize performance, a radix
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User tree is used to quickly identify response policy zones
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User containing triggers that match the current query. This
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User imposes an upper limit of 32 on the number of policy zones
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in a single <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option; more
bbbf2e27d3a981163dab139497d6b2dc85449db0Tinderbox User than that is a configuration error.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Five policy triggers can be encoded in RPZ records.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RPZ-CLIENT-IP</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IP records are triggered by the IP address of the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Client IP address triggers are encoded in records that have
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User owner names that are subdomains of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rpz-client-ip</strong></span> relativized to the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User policy zone origin name
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User and encode an address or address block.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IPv4 addresses are represented as
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>prefixlength.B4.B3.B2.B1.rpz-client-ip</code></strong>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The IPv4 prefix length must be between 1 and 32.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User All four bytes, B4, B3, B2, and B1, must be present.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User B4 is the decimal value of the least significant byte of the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IPv4 address as in IN-ADDR.ARPA.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IPv6 addresses are encoded in a format similar
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User to the standard IPv6 text representation,
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>prefixlength.W8.W7.W6.W5.W4.W3.W2.W1.rpz-client-ip</code></strong>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Each of W8,...,W1 is a one to four digit hexadecimal number
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User representing 16 bits of the IPv6 address as in the standard
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User text representation of IPv6 addresses, but reversed as in
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User IP6.ARPA. (Note that this representation of IPv6
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User address is different from IP6.ARPA where each hex
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User digit occupies a label.)
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User All 8 words must be present except when one set of consecutive
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User zero words is replaced with <strong class="userinput"><code>.zz.</code></strong>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User analogous to double colons (::) in standard IPv6 text
0da3028ccf1172617852a46382146f1e5cabd246Tinderbox User The IPv6 prefix length must be between 1 and 128.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>QNAME</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User QNAME policy records are triggered by query names of
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User requests and targets of CNAME records resolved to generate
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the response.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The owner name of a QNAME policy record is
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User the query name relativized to the policy zone.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RPZ-IP</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User IP triggers are IP addresses in an
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User A or AAAA record in the ANSWER section of a response.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User They are encoded like client-IP triggers except as
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt subdomains of <span class="command"><strong>rpz-ip</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RPZ-NSDNAME</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User NSDNAME triggers match names of authoritative servers
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User for the query name, a parent of the query name, a CNAME for
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User query name, or a parent of a CNAME.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User They are encoded as subdomains of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rpz-nsdname</strong></span> relativized
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User to the RPZ origin name.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User NSIP triggers match IP addresses in A and
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User AAAA RRsets for domains that can be checked against NSDNAME
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User policy records.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RPZ-NSIP</strong></span></span></dt>
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User NSIP triggers match the IP addresses of authoritative
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User servers. They are enncoded like IP triggers, except as
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt subdomains of <span class="command"><strong>rpz-nsip</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User NSDNAME and NSIP triggers are checked only for names with at
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt least <span class="command"><strong>min-ns-dots</strong></span> dots.
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User The default value of <span class="command"><strong>min-ns-dots</strong></span> is
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User 1, to exclude top level domains.
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User If a name server's IP address is not yet known,
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will recursively look up
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User the IP address before applying an RPZ-NSIP rule.
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User This can cause a processing delay. To speed up
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User processing at the cost of precision, the
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>nsip-wait-recurse</strong></span> option
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User can be used: when set to <strong class="userinput"><code>no</code></strong>,
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User RPZ-NSIP rules will only be applied when a name
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User servers's IP address has already been looked up and
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User cached. If a server's IP address is not in the
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User cache, then the RPZ-NSIP rule will be ignored,
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User but the address will be looked up in the
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User background, and the rule will be applied
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User to subsequent queries. The default is
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>, meaning RPZ-NSIP
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User rules should always be applied even if an
f33abec8a62ab6f2b867d7189dfffa72592c027bTinderbox User address needs to be looked up first.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The query response is checked against all response policy zones,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User so two or more policy records can be triggered by a response.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Because DNS responses are rewritten according to at most one
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User policy record, a single record encoding an action (other than
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>DISABLED</strong></span> actions) must be chosen.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Triggers or the records that encode them are chosen for the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User rewriting in the following order:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<li class="listitem">Choose the triggered record in the zone that appears
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt first in the <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<li class="listitem">Prefer CLIENT-IP to QNAME to IP to NSDNAME to NSIP
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User triggers in a single zone.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<li class="listitem">Among NSDNAME triggers, prefer the
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User trigger that matches the smallest name under the DNSSEC ordering.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<li class="listitem">Among IP or NSIP triggers, prefer the trigger
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater with the longest prefix.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<li class="listitem">Among triggers with the same prefix length,
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User prefer the IP or NSIP trigger that matches
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater the smallest IP address.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater When the processing of a response is restarted to resolve
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User DNAME or CNAME records and a policy record set has
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User not been triggered,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User all response policy zones are again consulted for the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User DNAME or CNAME names and addresses.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User RPZ record sets are any types of DNS record except
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User DNAME or DNSSEC that encode actions or responses to
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User individual queries.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Any of the policies can be used with any of the triggers.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For example, while the <span class="command"><strong>TCP-only</strong></span> policy is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt commonly used with <span class="command"><strong>client-IP</strong></span> triggers,
cefd74ae81cf51692af3a38c1330261a5110fca7Tinderbox User it can be used with any type of trigger to force the use of
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User TCP for responses with owner names in a zone.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>PASSTHRU</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The whitelist policy is specified
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by a CNAME whose target is <span class="command"><strong>rpz-passthru</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It causes the response to not be rewritten
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User and is most often used to "poke holes" in policies for
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>DROP</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The blacklist policy is specified
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by a CNAME whose target is <span class="command"><strong>rpz-drop</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It causes the response to be discarded.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Nothing is sent to the DNS client.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>TCP-Only</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The "slip" policy is specified
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by a CNAME whose target is <span class="command"><strong>rpz-tcp-only</strong></span>.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It changes UDP responses to short, truncated DNS responses
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User that require the DNS client to try again with TCP.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It is used to mitigate distributed DNS reflection attacks.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>NXDOMAIN</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The domain undefined response is encoded
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User by a CNAME whose target is the root domain (.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>NODATA</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The empty set of resource records is specified by
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User CNAME whose target is the wildcard top-level
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User It rewrites the response to NODATA or ANCOUNT=1.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>Local Data</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User A set of ordinary DNS records can be used to answer queries.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Queries for record types not the set are answered with
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User A special form of local data is a CNAME whose target is a
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User wildcard such as *.example.com.
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User It is used as if were an ordinary CNAME after the asterisk (*)
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User has been replaced with the query name.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The purpose for this special form is query logging in the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User walled garden's authority DNS server.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User All of the actions specified in all of the individual records
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User in a policy zone
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt can be overridden with a <span class="command"><strong>policy</strong></span> clause in the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> option.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User An organization using a policy zone provided by another
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User organization might use this mechanism to redirect domains
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User to its own walled garden.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>GIVEN</strong></span></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <p>The placeholder policy says "do not override but
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User perform the action specified in the zone."
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>DISABLED</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The testing override policy causes policy zone records to do
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User nothing but log what they would have done if the
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User policy zone were not disabled.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The response to the DNS query will be written (or not)
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User according to any triggered policy records that are not
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User Disabled policy zones should appear first,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User because they will often not be logged
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User if a higher precedence trigger is found first.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>PASSTHRU</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>DROP</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>TCP-Only</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>NXDOMAIN</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>NODATA</strong></span></span>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User override with the corresponding per-record policy.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>CNAME domain</strong></span></span></dt>
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User causes all RPZ policy records to act as if they were
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User "cname domain" records.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User By default, the actions encoded in a response policy zone
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User are applied only to queries that ask for recursion (RD=1).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User That default can be changed for a single policy zone or
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User all response policy zones in a view
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with a <span class="command"><strong>recursive-only no</strong></span> clause.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User This feature is useful for serving the same zone files
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User both inside and outside an RFC 1918 cloud and using RPZ to
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User delete answers that would otherwise contain RFC 1918 values
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User on the externally visible name server or view.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Also by default, RPZ actions are applied only to DNS requests
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User that either do not request DNSSEC metadata (DO=0) or when no
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User DNSSEC records are available for request name in the original
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User zone (not the response policy zone). This default can be
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User changed for all response policy zones in a view with a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>break-dnssec yes</strong></span> clause. In that case, RPZ
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User actions are applied regardless of DNSSEC. The name of the
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User clause option reflects the fact that results rewritten by RPZ
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User actions cannot verify.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User No DNS records are needed for a QNAME or Client-IP trigger.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The name or IP address itself is sufficient,
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User so in principle the query name need not be recursively resolved.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User However, not resolving the requested
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User name can leak the fact that response policy rewriting is in use
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User and that the name is listed in a policy zone to operators of
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User servers for listed names. To prevent that information leak, by
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User default any recursion needed for a request is done before any
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User policy triggers are considered. Because listed domains often
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User have slow authoritative servers, this default behavior can cost
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User significant time.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>qname-wait-recurse no</strong></span> option
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User overrides that default behavior when recursion cannot
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User change a non-error response.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User The option does not affect QNAME or client-IP triggers
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User in policy zones listed
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User after other zones containing IP, NSIP and NSDNAME triggers, because
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User those may depend on the A, AAAA, and NS records that would be
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User found during recursive resolution. It also does not affect
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt DNSSEC requests (DO=1) unless <span class="command"><strong>break-dnssec yes</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User is in use, because the response would depend on whether or not
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User RRSIG records were found during resolution.
892503bd484c106493e3c8053155b364a522ec03Tinderbox User Using this option can cause error responses such as SERVFAIL to
892503bd484c106493e3c8053155b364a522ec03Tinderbox User appear to be rewritten, since no recursion is being done to
892503bd484c106493e3c8053155b364a522ec03Tinderbox User discover problems at the authoritative server.
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User The TTL of a record modified by RPZ policies is set from the
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User TTL of the relevant record in policy zone. It is then limited
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User to a maximum value.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>max-policy-ttl</strong></span> clause changes the
1acae3ea5e3048ebd121d4837ef989b57a05e54cTinderbox User maximum seconds from its default of 5.
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater For example, you might use this option statement
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"> response-policy { zone "badlist"; };</pre>
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater and this zone statement
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting"> zone "badlist" {type master; file "master/badlist"; allow-query {none;}; };</pre>
5329b4137e5c0c309e589d1b019014dc6a383e3dAutomatic Updater with this zone file
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater@ SOA LOCALHOST. named-mgr.example.com (1 1h 15m 30d 2h)
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater; QNAME policy records. There are no periods (.) after the owner names.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updaternxdomain.domain.com CNAME . ; NXDOMAIN policy
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User*.nxdomain.domain.com CNAME . ; NXDOMAIN policy
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updaternodata.domain.com CNAME *. ; NODATA policy
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User*.nodata.domain.com CNAME *. ; NODATA policy
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updaterbad.domain.com A 10.0.0.1 ; redirect to a walled garden
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater AAAA 2001:2::1
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater; do not rewrite (PASSTHRU) OK.DOMAIN.COM
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox Userok.domain.com CNAME rpz-passthru.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater; redirect x.bzone.domain.com to x.bzone.domain.com.garden.example.com
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater*.bzone.domain.com CNAME *.garden.example.com.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User; IP policy records that rewrite all responses containing A records in 127/8
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User; except 127.0.0.1
29651c3a80835482fa1612c24653c9b0c0e2e205Tinderbox User32.1.0.0.127.rpz-ip CNAME rpz-passthru.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater; NSDNAME and NSIP policy records
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User; blacklist and whitelist some DNS clients
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User; force some DNS clients and responses in the example.com zone to TCP
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User16.0.0.1.10.rpz-client-ip CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox Userexample.com CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
c11135d39e82f0cd1c67869c535f4af77cd8eda6Tinderbox User*.example.com CNAME rpz-tcp-only.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User RPZ can affect server performance.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Each configured response policy zone requires the server to
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User perform one to four additional database lookups before a
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User query can be answered.
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User For example, a DNS server with four policy zones, each with all
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User four kinds of response triggers, QNAME, IP, NSIP, and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User NSDNAME, requires a total of 17 times as many database
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User lookups as a similar DNS server with no response policy zones.
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User A <acronym class="acronym">BIND9</acronym> server with adequate memory and one
15d29ab5fe89ad45b13ab8dcb74093f682a95986Tinderbox User response policy zone with QNAME and IP triggers might achieve a
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User maximum queries-per-second rate about 20% lower.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User A server with four response policy zones with QNAME and IP
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User triggers might have a maximum QPS rate about 50% lower.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses rewritten by RPZ are counted in the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>RPZRewrites</strong></span> statistics.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>log</strong></span> clause can be used to optionally
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User turn off rewrite logging for a particular response policy
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User zone. By default, all rewrites are logged.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="rrl"></a>Response Rate Limiting</h4></div></div></div>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Excessive almost identical UDP <span class="emphasis"><em>responses</em></span>
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User can be controlled by configuring a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> clause in an
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> or <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User This mechanism keeps authoritative BIND 9 from being used
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User in amplifying reflection denial of service (DoS) attacks.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Short truncated (TC=1) responses can be sent to provide
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User rate-limited responses to legitimate clients within
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User a range of forged, attacked IP addresses.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Legitimate clients react to dropped or truncated response
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User by retrying with UDP or with TCP respectively.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User This mechanism is intended for authoritative DNS servers.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User It can be used on recursive servers but can slow
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User applications such as SMTP servers (mail receivers) and
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User HTTP clients (web browsers) that repeatedly request the
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User same domains.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User When possible, closing "open" recursive servers is better.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Response rate limiting uses a "credit" or "token bucket" scheme.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Each combination of identical response and client
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User has a conceptual account that earns a specified number
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User of credits every second.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User A prospective response debits its account by one.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Responses are dropped or truncated
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User while the account is negative.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Responses are tracked within a rolling window of time
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User which defaults to 15 seconds, but can be configured with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>window</strong></span> option to any value from
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User 1 to 3600 seconds (1 hour).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The account cannot become more positive than
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User the per-second limit
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt or more negative than <span class="command"><strong>window</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User times the per-second limit.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User When the specified number of credits for a class of
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User responses is set to 0, those responses are not rate limited.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User The notions of "identical response" and "DNS client"
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User for rate limiting are not simplistic.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User All responses to an address block are counted as if to a
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User single client.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User The prefix lengths of addresses blocks are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt specified with <span class="command"><strong>ipv4-prefix-length</strong></span> (default 24)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and <span class="command"><strong>ipv6-prefix-length</strong></span> (default 56).
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User All non-empty responses for a valid domain name (qname)
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User and record type (qtype) are identical and have a limit specified
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>
95d0bdf2b427478c4a8ed8e06f9e316c7880140eTinderbox User (default 0 or no limit).
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User All empty (NODATA) responses for a valid domain,
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User regardless of query type, are identical.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Responses in the NODATA class are limited by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nodata-per-second</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (default <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>).
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Requests for any and all undefined subdomains of a given
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User valid domain result in NXDOMAIN errors, and are identical
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User regardless of query type.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt They are limited by <span class="command"><strong>nxdomains-per-second</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (default <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>).
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User This controls some attacks using random names, but
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User can be relaxed or turned off (set to 0)
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User on servers that expect many legitimate
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User NXDOMAIN responses, such as from anti-spam blacklists.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Referrals or delegations to the server of a given
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User domain are identical and are limited by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>referrals-per-second</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (default <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>).
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses generated from local wildcards are counted and limited
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User as if they were for the parent domain name.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User This controls flooding using random.wild.example.com.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User All requests that result in DNS errors other
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User than NXDOMAIN, such as SERVFAIL and FORMERR, are identical
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User regardless of requested name (qname) or record type (qtype).
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User This controls attacks using invalid requests or distant,
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User broken authoritative servers.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User By default the limit on errors is the same as the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span> value,
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User but it can be set separately with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>errors-per-second</strong></span>.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Many attacks using DNS involve UDP requests with forged source
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Rate limiting prevents the use of BIND 9 to flood a network
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User with responses to requests with forged source addresses,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User but could let a third party block responses to legitimate requests.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User There is a mechanism that can answer some legitimate
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User requests from a client whose address is being forged in a flood.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Setting <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> to 2 (its default) causes every
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User other UDP request to be answered with a small truncated (TC=1)
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User The small size and reduced frequency, and so lack of
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User amplification, of "slipped" responses make them unattractive
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User for reflection DoS attacks.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> must be between 0 and 10.
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User A value of 0 does not "slip":
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User no truncated responses are sent due to rate limiting,
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User all responses are dropped.
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User A value of 1 causes every response to slip;
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User values between 2 and 10 cause every n'th response to slip.
d0d1dbab0fe2b940ffb4354dcadb30885f160770Tinderbox User Some error responses including REFUSED and SERVFAIL
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User cannot be replaced with truncated responses and are instead
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt leaked at the <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> rate.
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User (NOTE: Dropped responses from an authoritative server may
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User reduce the difficulty of a third party successfully forging
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User a response to a recursive resolver. The best security
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User against forged responses is for authoritative operators
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User to sign their zones using DNSSEC and for resolver operators
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User to validate the responses. When this is not an option,
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User operators who are more concerned with response integrity
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User than with flood mitigation may consider setting
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> to 1, causing all rate-limited
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User responses to be truncated rather than dropped. This reduces
c986916269e0d9ca0a31efb62ff5ac06938815dbTinderbox User the effectiveness of rate-limiting against reflection attacks.)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User When the approximate query per second rate exceeds
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>qps-scale</strong></span> value,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt then the <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>errors-per-second</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nxdomains-per-second</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span> values are reduced by the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt ratio of the current rate to the <span class="command"><strong>qps-scale</strong></span> value.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User This feature can tighten defenses during attacks.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User For example, with
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>qps-scale 250; responses-per-second 20;</strong></span> and
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User a total query rate of 1000 queries/second for all queries from
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User all DNS clients including via TCP,
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User then the effective responses/second limit changes to
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses sent via TCP are not limited
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User but are counted to compute the query per second rate.
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User Rate limiters for different name spaces maintain
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User separate counters: If, for example, there is a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> statement for "com" and
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User another for "example.com", queries matching "example.com"
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User will not be debited against the rate limiter for "com".
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If a <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> statement does not specify a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>domain</strong></span>, then it applies to the root domain
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User (".") and thus affects the entire DNS namespace, except those
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt portions covered by other <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Communities of DNS clients can be given their own parameters or no
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User rate limiting by putting
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> statements in <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statements instead of the global <span class="command"><strong>option</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt A <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> statement in a view replaces,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt rather than supplementing, a <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User statement among the main options.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User DNS clients within a view can be exempted from rate limits
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with the <span class="command"><strong>exempt-clients</strong></span> clause.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User UDP responses of all kinds can be limited with the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span> phrase. This rate
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User limiting is unlike the rate limiting provided by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>responses-per-second</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>errors-per-second</strong></span>, and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nxdomains-per-second</strong></span> on a DNS server
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User which are often invisible to the victim of a DNS
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User reflection attack. Unless the forged requests of the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User attack are the same as the legitimate requests of the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User victim, the victim's requests are not affected. Responses
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt affected by an <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span> limit
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt are always dropped; the <span class="command"><strong>slip</strong></span> value
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt has no effect. An <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User limit should be at least 4 times as large as the other
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User limits, because single DNS clients often send bursts
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User of legitimate requests. For example, the receipt of a
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User single mail message can prompt requests from an SMTP
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User server for NS, PTR, A, and AAAA records as the incoming
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User SMTP/TCP/IP connection is considered. The SMTP server
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User can need additional NS, A, AAAA, MX, TXT, and SPF records
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt as it considers the STMP <span class="command"><strong>Mail From</strong></span>
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User command. Web browsers often repeatedly resolve the
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User same names that are repeated in HTML <IMG> tags
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in a page. <span class="command"><strong>all-per-second</strong></span> is similar
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User to the rate limiting offered by firewalls but often
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User inferior. Attacks that justify ignoring the contents
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User of DNS responses are likely to be attacks on the DNS
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User server itself. They usually should be discarded before
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User the DNS server spends resources make TCP connections
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User or parsing DNS requests, but that rate limiting must
65f32cd8bf0924a9d7b7fde03d1a45407dc6f422Tinderbox User be done before the DNS server sees the requests.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The maximum size of the table used to track requests and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt rate limit responses is set with <span class="command"><strong>max-table-size</strong></span>.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Each entry in the table is between 40 and 80 bytes.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The table needs approximately as many entries as the number
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User of requests received per second.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User The default is 20,000.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User To reduce the cold start of growing the table,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>min-table-size</strong></span> (default 500)
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User can set the minimum table size.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Enable <span class="command"><strong>rate-limit</strong></span> category logging to monitor
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User expansions of the table and inform
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User choices for the initial and maximum table size.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Use <span class="command"><strong>log-only yes</strong></span> to test rate limiting parameters
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User without actually dropping any requests.
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses dropped by rate limits are included in the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>RateDropped</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>QryDropped</strong></span>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses that truncated by rate limits are included in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>RateSlipped</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>RespTruncated</strong></span>.
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User Named supports NXDOMAIN redirection via two methods:
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<li class="listitem">Redirect zone <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar" title="zone Statement Grammar">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User Statement Grammar”</a>
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User With both methods when named gets a NXDOMAIN response
6a178481cfc00ae8d348e5e2f585454244132088Tinderbox User it examines a separate namespace to see if the NXDOMAIN
832fa787d4a13fa89d64f868e51016ff4adb0d89Tinderbox User response should be replaced with an alternative response.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt With a redirect zone (<span class="command"><strong>zone "." { type redirect; };</strong></span>), the
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User data used to replace the NXDOMAIN is held in a single
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User zone which is not part of the normal namespace. All the
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User redirect information is contained in the zone; there are
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User no delegations.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt With a redirect namespace (<span class="command"><strong>option { nxdomain-redirect
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User <suffix> };</strong></span>) the data used to replace the
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User NXDOMAIN is part of the normal namespace and is looked up by
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User appending the specified suffix to the original query name.
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User This roughly doubles the cache required to process NXDOMAIN
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User responses as you have the original NXDOMAIN response and
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User the replacement data or a NXDOMAIN indicating that there
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User is no replacement.
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User If both a redirect zone and a redirect namespace are configured,
8168c2873909444bdf62325b29fe118a879b22fcTinderbox User the redirect zone is tried first.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="server_statement_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>netprefix</code></em> {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>bogus</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>edns</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>edns-version</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>server_key</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-udp-size</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dscp</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ]
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> ( ( [ address ] ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) [ port (
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) ]
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> ( ( [ address ] ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) [ port (
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) ]
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>request-expire</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>request-nsid</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>send-cookie</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>tcp-only</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span> ( many-answers | one-answer );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dscp</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * )
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfers</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="server_statement_definition_and_usage"></a><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statement defines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein characteristics
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be associated with a remote name server. If a prefix length is
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews specified, then a range of servers is covered. Only the most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein server clause applies regardless of the order in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statement can occur at
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt configuration file or inside a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement contains
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt one or more <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statements, only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply to the view and any top-level ones are ignored.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If a view contains no <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt any top-level <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statements are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If you discover that a remote server is giving out bad data,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein marking it as bogus will prevent further queries to it. The
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt value of <span class="command"><strong>bogus</strong></span> is <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server, acting as master, will respond with an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone transfer when the given remote server, a slave, requests it.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If set to <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>, incremental transfer
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be provided
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt whenever possible. If set to <span class="command"><strong>no</strong></span>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all transfers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the remote server will be non-incremental. If not set, the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of the <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> option in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global options block is used as a default.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> clause determines
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the local server, acting as a slave, will request incremental zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers from the given remote server, a master. If not set, the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt value of the <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> option in
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater the view or global options block is used as a default. It may
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater also be set in the zone block and, if set there, it will
eea6be913f9928255cab5f58ff27da41c1e8e23aAutomatic Updater override the global or view setting for that zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IXFR requests to servers that do not support IXFR will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein automatically
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fall back to AXFR. Therefore, there is no need to manually list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which servers support IXFR and which ones do not; the global
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span> should always work.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The purpose of the <span class="command"><strong>provide-ixfr</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> clauses is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to make it possible to disable the use of IXFR even when both
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and slave claim to support it, for example if one of the servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is buggy and crashes or corrupts data when IXFR is used.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>request-expire</strong></span> clause determines
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User whether the local server, when acting as a slave, will
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User request the EDNS EXPIRE value. The EDNS EXPIRE value
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User indicates the remaining time before the zone data will
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User expire and need to be be refreshed. This is used
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User when a secondary server transfers a zone from another
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User secondary server; when transferring from the primary, the
3e80f25d33be14eaa4aca8b487d68808fa42a797Tinderbox User expiration timer is set from the EXPIRE field of the SOA
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User record instead.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>edns</strong></span> clause determines whether
00124ad0406365d39f4b2d1011ef6a76706e9df0Mark Andrews the local server will attempt to use EDNS when communicating
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with the remote server. The default is <span class="command"><strong>yes</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt EDNS UDP size that is advertised by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User when querying the remote server. Valid values are 512
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will be silently
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User adjusted to the nearest value within it). This option
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User is useful when you wish to advertise a different value
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User to this server than the value you advertise globally,
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User for example, when there is a firewall at the remote
9c716f839c5dc2a9e236dada3af83b03e863078bTinderbox User site that is blocking large replies. (Note: Currently,
9c716f839c5dc2a9e236dada3af83b03e863078bTinderbox User this sets a single UDP size for all packets sent to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt server; <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will not deviate from
9c716f839c5dc2a9e236dada3af83b03e863078bTinderbox User this value. This differs from the behavior of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>edns-udp-size</strong></span> in <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt or <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements, where it specifies
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt a maximum value. The <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statement
9c716f839c5dc2a9e236dada3af83b03e863078bTinderbox User behavior may be brought into conformance with the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>options/view</strong></span> behavior in future releases.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>edns-version</strong></span> option sets the
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User maximum EDNS VERSION that will be sent to the server(s)
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User by the resolver. The actual EDNS version sent is still
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User subject to normal EDNS version negotiation rules (see
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User RFC 6891), the maximum EDNS version supported by the
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User server, and any other heuristics that indicate that a
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User lower version should be sent. This option is intended
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User to be used when a remote server reacts badly to a given
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User EDNS version or higher; it should be set to the highest
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User version the remote server is known to support. Valid
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User values are 0 to 255; higher values will be silently
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User adjusted. This option will not be needed until higher
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User EDNS versions than 0 are in use.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>max-udp-size</strong></span> option sets the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt maximum EDNS UDP message size <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User will send. Valid values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User outside this range will be silently adjusted). This
8908291ce54a924176de1e28f158ed7323472f26Tinderbox User option is useful when you know that there is a firewall
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt that is blocking large replies from <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>tcp-only</strong></span> option sets the transport
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User protocol to TCP. The default is to use the UDP transport
88a2182a1ad4fc7af07272af6b05b74db7f28e52Tinderbox User and to fallback on TCP only when a truncated response
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The server supports two zone transfer methods. The first, <span class="command"><strong>one-answer</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt uses one DNS message per resource record transferred. <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> packs
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt as many resource records as possible into a message. <span class="command"><strong>many-answers</strong></span> is
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews more efficient, but is only known to be understood by <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews 8.x, and patched versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 4.9.5. You can specify which method
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to use for a server with the <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span> option.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span> is not
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt specified, the <span class="command"><strong>transfer-format</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement will be
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>transfers</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is used to limit the number of concurrent inbound zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers from the specified server. If no
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfers</strong></span> clause is specified, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein limit is set according to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfers-per-ns</strong></span> option.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> clause identifies a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>key_id</strong></span> defined by the <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> statement,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to be used for transaction security (TSIG, <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig" title="TSIG">the section called “TSIG”</a>)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when talking to the remote server.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a request is sent to the remote server, a request signature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein will be generated using the key specified here and appended to the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein message. A request originating from the remote server is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be signed by this key.
f6e04b59238a309b1be2d5415c195325edec8aa6Tinderbox User Only a single key per server is currently supported.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the IPv4 and IPv6 source
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to be used for zone transfer with the remote server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein respectively.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For an IPv4 remote server, only <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be specified.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server, only
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> can be
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews For more details, see the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for notify
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews messages sent to remote servers, respectively. For an
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt IPv4 remote server, only <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span>
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews can be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt only <span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> clauses specify the
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews IPv4 and IPv6 source address to be used for queries
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews sent to remote servers, respectively. For an IPv4
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt remote server, only <span class="command"><strong>query-source</strong></span> can
dca44b90c96352111e0f1cdfdeccde1a13732161Mark Andrews be specified. Similarly, for an IPv6 remote server,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt only <span class="command"><strong>query-source-v6</strong></span> can be specified.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>request-nsid</strong></span> clause determines
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User whether the local server will add a NSID EDNS option
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User to requests sent to the server. This overrides
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>request-nsid</strong></span> set at the view or
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User option level.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>send-cookie</strong></span> clause determines
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User whether the local server will add a COOKIE EDNS option
27963ad22062efe8eac2beed51ff70d8f0b35900Tinderbox User to requests sent to the server. This overrides
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>send-cookie</strong></span> set at the view or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt option level. The <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> server may
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User determine that COOKIE is not supported by the remote server
1879ff49326b49a9e4eadaca193c631409bf8575Tinderbox User and not add a COOKIE EDNS option to requests.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="statschannels"></a><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>inet</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> |
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ...
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="statistics_channels"></a><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater declares communication channels to be used by system
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater administrators to get access to statistics information of
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater the name server.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater This statement intends to be flexible to support multiple
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater communication protocols in the future, but currently only
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater HTTP access is supported.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User It requires that BIND 9 be compiled with libxml2 and/or
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User json-c (also known as libjson0); the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater still accepted even if it is built without the library,
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater but any HTTP access will fail with an error.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt An <span class="command"><strong>inet</strong></span> control channel is a TCP socket
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt listening at the specified <span class="command"><strong>ip_port</strong></span> on the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt specified <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span>, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt address. An <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">*</code>
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User (asterisk) is
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt use an <span class="command"><strong>ip_addr</strong></span> of <code class="literal">::</code>.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater If no port is specified, port 80 is used for HTTP channels.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The asterisk "<code class="literal">*</code>" cannot be used for
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ip_port</strong></span>.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater The attempt of opening a statistics channel is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt restricted by the optional <span class="command"><strong>allow</strong></span> clause.
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater Connections to the statistics channel are permitted based on the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>address_match_list</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If no <span class="command"><strong>allow</strong></span> clause is present,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> accepts connection
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater attempts from any address; since the statistics may
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater contain sensitive internal information, it is highly
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater recommended to restrict the source of connection requests
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater appropriately.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If no <span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> statement is present,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will not open any communication channels.
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User The statistics are available in various formats and views
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User depending on the URI used to access them. For example, if
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User the statistics channel is configured to listen on 127.0.0.1
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User port 8888, then the statistics are accessible in XML format at
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/</a> or
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml</a>. A CSS file is
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User included which can format the XML statistics into tables
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User when viewed with a stylesheet-capable browser, and into
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User charts and graphs using the Google Charts API when using a
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User javascript-capable browser.
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User Applications that depend on a particular XML schema
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v2" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v2</a> for version 2
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User of the statistics XML schema or
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3</a> for version 3.
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User If the requested schema is supported by the server, then
9c1210a508fa246d62ca7d9a52f1d8b19d0ccf48Tinderbox User it will respond; if not, it will return a "page not found"
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User Broken-out subsets of the statistics can be viewed at
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/status" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/status</a>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User (server uptime and last reconfiguration time),
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/server" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/server</a>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User (server and resolver statistics),
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/zones" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/zones</a>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User (zone statistics),
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/net" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/net</a>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User (network status and socket statistics),
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/mem" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/mem</a>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User (memory manager statistics),
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/tasks" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/tasks</a>
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User (task manager statistics), and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/traffic" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/xml/v3/traffic</a>
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User (traffic sizes).
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User The full set of statistics can also be read in JSON format at
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json</a>,
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User with the broken-out subsets at
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/status" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/status</a>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User (server uptime and last reconfiguration time),
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/server" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/server</a>
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User (server and resolver statistics),
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/zones" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/zones</a>
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User (zone statistics),
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/net" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/net</a>
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User (network status and socket statistics),
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/mem" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/mem</a>
b2f07642fd712c8fda81a116bcdde229ab291f33Tinderbox User (memory manager statistics),
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/tasks" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/tasks</a>
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User (task manager statistics), and
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <a class="link" href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/traffic" target="_top">http://127.0.0.1:8888/json/v1/traffic</a>
40f508f08bb887b14739f7b64e4d0a892586948fTinderbox User (traffic sizes).
a1ad6695ed6f988406cf155aa26376f84f73bcb9Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="trusted-keys"></a><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>; ... };
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="trusted_keys"></a><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> statement defines
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt DNSSEC security roots. DNSSEC is described in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#DNSSEC" title="DNSSEC">the section called “DNSSEC”</a>. A security root is defined when the
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews public key for a non-authoritative zone is known, but
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews cannot be securely obtained through DNS, either because
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews it is the DNS root zone or because its parent zone is
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews unsigned. Once a key has been configured as a trusted
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews key, it is treated as if it had been validated and
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews proven secure. The resolver attempts DNSSEC validation
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews on all DNS data in subdomains of a security root.
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews All keys (and corresponding zones) listed in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> are deemed to exist regardless
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews of what parent zones say. Similarly for all keys listed in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> only those keys are
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews used to validate the DNSKEY RRset. The parent's DS RRset
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews will not be used.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> statement can contain
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews multiple key entries, each consisting of the key's
58400e502ee439c8171ad7a2834e6b3d21a1702dTinderbox User domain name, flags, protocol, algorithm, and the Base64
6101b9f0d904a708e900a74abc16d1e0eda67264Mark Andrews representation of the key data.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Spaces, tabs, newlines and carriage returns are ignored
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater in the key data, so the configuration may be split up into
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater multiple lines.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> may be set at the top level
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater of <code class="filename">named.conf</code> or within a view. If it is
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater set in both places, they are additive: keys defined at the top
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater level are inherited by all views, but keys defined in a view
7a7a44400d49122d4cc207b43922a7b9c5afe443Automatic Updater are only used within that view.
f5c27ecceb6dcba6ad8b75172fe5f9823d7a6d42Tinderbox User Validation below specified names can be temporarily disabled
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by using <span class="command"><strong>rndc nta</strong></span>.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="managed_keys"></a><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>; ... };
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="managed-keys"></a><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement, like
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span>, defines DNSSEC
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater security roots. The difference is that
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> can be kept up to date
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater automatically, without intervention from the resolver
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Suppose, for example, that a zone's key-signing
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater key was compromised, and the zone owner had to revoke and
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater replace the key. A resolver which had the old key in a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> statement would be
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater unable to validate this zone any longer; it would
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater reply with a SERVFAIL response code. This would
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater continue until the resolver operator had updated the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> statement with the new key.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater If, however, the zone were listed in a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement instead, then the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater zone owner could add a "stand-by" key to the zone in advance.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> would store the stand-by key, and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt when the original key was revoked, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater would be able to transition smoothly to the new key. It would
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater also recognize that the old key had been revoked, and cease
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater using that key to validate answers, minimizing the damage that
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the compromised key could do.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt A <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement contains a list of
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater the keys to be managed, along with information about how the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater keys are to be initialized for the first time. The only
17fdbf542a0db30107b200403c51a72fe62c218dTinderbox User initialization method currently supported is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This means the <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement must
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater contain a copy of the initializing key. (Future releases may
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater allow keys to be initialized by other methods, eliminating this
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Consequently, a <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt appears similar to a <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span>, differing
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater in the presence of the second field, containing the keyword
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <code class="literal">initial-key</code>. The difference is, whereas the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt keys listed in a <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> continue to be
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater trusted until they are removed from
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, an initializing key listed
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in a <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement is only trusted
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>once</em></span>: for as long as it takes to load the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater managed key database and start the RFC 5011 key maintenance
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The first time <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> runs with a managed key
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater configured in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, it fetches the
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater DNSKEY RRset directly from the zone apex, and validates it
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt using the key specified in the <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater statement. If the DNSKEY RRset is validly signed, then it is
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater used as the basis for a new managed keys database.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt From that point on, whenever <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> runs, it
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt sees the <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement, checks to
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater make sure RFC 5011 key maintenance has already been initialized
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater for the specified domain, and if so, it simply moves on. The
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User key specified in the <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span>
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User statement is not used to validate answers; it has been
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User superseded by the key or keys stored in the managed keys database.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The next time <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> runs after a name
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater has been <span class="emphasis"><em>removed</em></span> from the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement, the corresponding
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater zone will be removed from the managed keys database,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater and RFC 5011 key maintenance will no longer be used for that
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User In the current implementation, the managed keys database
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User is stored as a master-format zone file.
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User On servers which do not use views, this file is named
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind</code>. When views are in
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User use, there will be a separate managed keys database for each
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User view; the filename will be the view name (or, if a view name
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User contains characters which would make it illegal as a filename,
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User a hash of the view name), followed by
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User the suffix <code class="filename">.mkeys</code>.
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User When the key database is changed, the zone is updated.
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User As with any other dynamic zone, changes will be written
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User into a journal file, e.g.,
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind.jnl</code> or
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User <code class="filename">internal.mkeys.jnl</code>.
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User Changes are committed to the master file as soon as
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User possible afterward; this will usually occur within 30
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt seconds. So, whenever <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is using
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User automatic key maintenance, the zone file and journal file
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User can be expected to exist in the working directory.
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User (For this reason among others, the working directory
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User should be always be writable by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If the <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-validation</strong></span> option is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt set to <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong>, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
102ccdd2c0ade46f2d668c4b4d3fbbe668a44994Automatic Updater will automatically initialize a managed key for the
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User root zone. The key that is used to initialize the key
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User maintenance process is stored in <code class="filename">bind.keys</code>;
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User the location of this file can be overridden with the
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>bindkeys-file</strong></span> option. As a fallback
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User in the event no <code class="filename">bind.keys</code> can be
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User found, the initializing key is also compiled directly
a0fb6a0980359165a4459723f52d5d7b5725f9c6Tinderbox User into <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="view_statement_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User<pre class="programlisting"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>view_name</code></em> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> ] <span class="command"><strong>{</strong></span>
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>match-clients {</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> <span class="command"><strong>}</strong></span> ;
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>match-destinations {</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_list</code></em> <span class="command"><strong>}</strong></span> ;
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>match-recursive-only</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>yes_or_no</code></em> ;
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User [ <em class="replaceable"><code>view_option</code></em> ; ... ]
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User [ <em class="replaceable"><code>zone_statement</code></em> ; ... ]
a9ba09c109ec7a7dd0523efb1bbd51e210fed8d6Tinderbox User<span class="command"><strong>} </strong></span>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="view_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement is a powerful
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 that lets a name server
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein answer a DNS query differently
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein depending on who is asking. It is particularly useful for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein implementing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein split DNS setups without having to run multiple servers.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Each <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement defines a view
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS namespace that will be seen by a subset of clients. A client
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a view if its source IP address matches the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the view's
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>match-clients</strong></span> clause and its
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein destination IP address matches
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the <code class="varname">address_match_list</code> of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>match-destinations</strong></span> clause. If not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified, both
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>match-clients</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>match-destinations</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein default to matching all addresses. In addition to checking IP
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>match-clients</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>match-destinations</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt can also take <span class="command"><strong>keys</strong></span> which provide an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein mechanism for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein client to select the view. A view can also be specified
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt as <span class="command"><strong>match-recursive-only</strong></span>, which
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein means that only recursive
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein requests from matching clients will match that view.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The order of the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein significant —
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a client request will be resolved in the context of the first
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> that it matches.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Zones defined within a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt only be accessible to clients that match the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By defining a zone of the same name in multiple views, different
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone data can be given to different clients, for example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and "external" clients in a split DNS setup.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Many of the options given in the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt can also be used within a <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement, and then
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein apply only when resolving queries with that view. When no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein view-specific
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt value is given, the value in the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is used as a default. Also, zone options can have default values
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in the <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statement; these
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein view-specific defaults
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt take precedence over those in the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Views are class specific. If no class is given, class IN
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assumed. Note that all non-IN views must contain a hint zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein since only the IN class has compiled-in default hints.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If there are no <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file, a default view that matches any client is automatically
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in class IN. Any <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statements
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the top level of the configuration file are considered to be part
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt this default view, and the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement will
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt apply to the default view. If any explicit <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt statements are present, all <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statements must
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt occur inside <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Here is an example of a typical split DNS setup implemented
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt using <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> statements:
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson // This should match our internal networks.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce match-clients { 10.0.0.0/8; };
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // Provide recursive service to internal
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // clients only.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce recursion yes;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // Provide a complete view of the example.com
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // zone including addresses of internal hosts.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce type master;
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luceview "external" {
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // Match all clients not matched by the
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // previous view.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce match-clients { any; };
727f5b8846457a33d06f515a10a7e1aa849ddf18Andreas Gustafsson // Refuse recursive service to external clients.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce recursion no;
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // Provide a restricted view of the example.com
ac93437301f55ed69bf85883a497a75598c628f9Automatic Updater // zone containing only publicly accessible hosts.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce type master;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="zone_statement_grammar"></a><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> ] {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>type</strong></span> ( master | primary );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] ) [ key <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec</strong></span> ( allow | maintain | off );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-dup-records</strong></span> ( fail | warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-mx</strong></span> ( fail | warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-mx-cname</strong></span> ( fail | warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span> ( fail | warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-sibling</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-spf</strong></span> ( warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-srv-cname</strong></span> ( fail | warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-wildcard</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>database</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span> ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dlz</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-update-mode</strong></span> ( maintain | no-resign );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> ( first | only );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> ) [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>inline-signing</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>journal</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>key-directory</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span> ( map | raw | text );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-style</strong></span> ( full | relative );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span> ( unlimited | <em class="replaceable"><code>sizeval</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-records</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-zone-ttl</strong></span> ( unlimited | <em class="replaceable"><code>ttlval</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span> ( explicit | master-only | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-delay</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-to-soa</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method</strong></span> ( date | increment | unixtime );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-nodes</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-signatures</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-type</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> ( local | { ( deny | grant ) <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ( 6to4-self | external | krb5-self | krb5-subdomain | ms-self | ms-subdomain | name | self | selfsub | selfwild | subdomain | tcp-self | wildcard | zonesub ) [ <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ] <em class="replaceable"><code>rrtypelist</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span> ( full | terse | none | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> ] {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>type</strong></span> ( slave | secondary );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-update-forwarding</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] ) [ key <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec</strong></span> ( allow | maintain | off );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span> ( fail | warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>database</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span> ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dlz</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-update-mode</strong></span> ( maintain | no-resign );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> ( first | only );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> ) [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>inline-signing</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>journal</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>key-directory</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span> ( map | raw | text );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-style</strong></span> ( full | relative );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] ) [ key <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span> ( unlimited | <em class="replaceable"><code>sizeval</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-records</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-refresh-time</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-retry-time</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>min-refresh-time</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>min-retry-time</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>multi-master</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span> ( explicit | master-only | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-delay</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-to-soa</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>request-expire</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>request-ixfr</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-nodes</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-signatures</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-type</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>try-tcp-refresh</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span> ( full | terse | none | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> ] {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>type</strong></span> hint;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span> ( fail | warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>delegation-only</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> ] {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>type</strong></span> stub;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span> ( fail | warn | ignore );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>database</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>delegation-only</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span> ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> ( first | only );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> ) [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span> ( map | raw | text );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-style</strong></span> ( full | relative );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] ) [ key <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-records</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-refresh-time</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-retry-time</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>min-refresh-time</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>min-retry-time</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>multi-master</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> | * ) [ port ( <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> | * ) ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ];
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span> ( full | terse | none | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> ] {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>type</strong></span> static-stub;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> ( first | only );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> ) [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-records</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>server-addresses</strong></span> { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> ) [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>server-names</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span> ( full | terse | none | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> ] {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>type</strong></span> forward;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>delegation-only</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> ( first | only );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> ) [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> ] {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>type</strong></span> redirect;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> { <em class="replaceable"><code>address_match_element</code></em>; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dlz</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>file</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>quoted_string</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span> ( map | raw | text );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-style</strong></span> ( full | relative );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] [ dscp <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] { ( <em class="replaceable"><code>masters</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv4_address</code></em> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] | <em class="replaceable"><code>ipv6_address</code></em> [ port <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em> ] ) [ key <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> ]; ... };
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-records</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>integer</code></em>;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-zone-ttl</strong></span> ( unlimited | <em class="replaceable"><code>ttlval</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span> ( full | terse | none | <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> );
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> ] {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>type</strong></span> delegation-only;
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> [ <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> ] {
1cf118a656f5fd210787908b845362077fc507f8Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>;
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="zone_statement"></a><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="zone_types"></a>Zone Types</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>type</strong></span> keyword is required
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt for the <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> configuration unless
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt it is an <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> configuration. Its
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User acceptable values include: <code class="varname">delegation-only</code>,
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User <code class="varname">forward</code>, <code class="varname">hint</code>,
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User <code class="varname">master</code>, <code class="varname">redirect</code>,
dc9edc13327189fe890ed3565b4e7a9bd6776402Tinderbox User <code class="varname">slave</code>, <code class="varname">static-stub</code>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The server has a master copy of the data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the zone and will be able to provide authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A slave zone is a replica of a master
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt zone. The <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> list
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies one or more IP addresses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of master servers that the slave contacts to update
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein its copy of the zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Masters list elements can also be names of other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein masters lists.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein By default, transfers are made from port 53 on the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers; this can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be changed for all servers by specifying a port number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of IP addresses, or on a per-server basis after
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the IP address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Authentication to the master can also be done with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein per-server TSIG keys.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If a file is specified, then the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replica will be written to this file whenever the zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and reloaded from this file on a server restart. Use
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of a file is
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews recommended, since it often speeds server startup and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a needless waste of bandwidth. Note that for large
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein numbers (in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein tens or hundreds of thousands) of zones per server, it
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews use a two-level naming scheme for zone filenames. For
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a slave server for the zone <code class="literal">example.com</code> might place
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the zone contents into a file called
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">ex/example.com</code> where <code class="filename">ex/</code> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein just the first two letters of the zone name. (Most
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein operating systems
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater behave very slowly if you put 100000 files into
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a single directory.)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A stub zone is similar to a slave zone,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except that it replicates only the NS records of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein master zone instead
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the entire zone. Stub zones are not a standard part
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews they are a feature specific to the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> implementation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stub zones can be used to eliminate the need for glue
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in a parent zone at the expense of maintaining a stub
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone entry and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a set of name server addresses in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This usage is not recommended for new configurations,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports it only in a limited way.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 4/8, zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein transfers of a parent zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein included the NS records from stub children of that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone. This meant
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that, in some cases, users could get away with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein configuring child stubs
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews only in the master server for the parent zone. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 9 never mixes together zone data from different zones
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews way. Therefore, if a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 master serving a parent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone has child stub zones configured, all the slave
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parent zone also need to have the same child stub
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Stub zones can also be used as a way of forcing the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of a given domain to use a particular set of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, the caching name servers on a private
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network using
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews RFC1918 addressing may be configured with stub zones
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to use a set of internal name servers as the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers for that domain.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater A static-stub zone is similar to a stub zone
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater with the following exceptions:
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater the zone data is statically configured, rather
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater than transferred from a master server;
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater when recursion is necessary for a query that
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater matches a static-stub zone, the locally
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater configured data (nameserver names and glue addresses)
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater is always used even if different authoritative
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater information is cached.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Zone data is configured via the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>server-addresses</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>server-names</strong></span> zone options.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The zone data is maintained in the form of NS
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater and (if necessary) glue A or AAAA RRs
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater internally, which can be seen by dumping zone
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt databases by <span class="command"><strong>rndc dumpdb -all</strong></span>.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater The configured RRs are considered local configuration
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater parameters rather than public data.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Non recursive queries (i.e., those with the RD
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater bit off) to a static-stub zone are therefore
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater prohibited and will be responded with REFUSED.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Since the data is statically configured, no
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater zone maintenance action takes place for a static-stub
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater For example, there is no periodic refresh
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater attempt, and an incoming notify message
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater will be rejected with an rcode of NOTAUTH.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Each static-stub zone is configured with
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater internally generated NS and (if necessary)
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User glue A or AAAA RRs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A "forward zone" is a way to configure
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt forwarding on a per-domain basis. A <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt of type <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> can
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt contain a <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and/or <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which will apply to queries within the domain given by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt name. If no <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein statement is present or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt an empty list for <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span> is given, then no
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein forwarding will be done for the domain, canceling the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt any forwarders in the <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement. Thus
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein if you want to use this type of zone to change the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein behavior of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt global <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> option
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews (that is, "forward first"
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews to, then "forward only", or vice versa, but want to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein use the same
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers as set globally) you need to re-specify the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein global forwarders.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The initial set of root name servers is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified using a "hint zone". When the server starts
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the root hints to find a root name server and get the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein list of root name servers. If no hint zone is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified for class
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IN, the server uses a compiled-in default set of root
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein servers hints.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Classes other than IN have no built-in defaults hints.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User Redirect zones are used to provide answers to
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User queries when normal resolution would result in
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User NXDOMAIN being returned.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User Only one redirect zone is supported
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt per view. <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> can be
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User used to restrict which clients see these answers.
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater If the client has requested DNSSEC records (DO=1) and
8a8d38eb8e5f853835df2f6799ce0d3d7ecf8be6Automatic Updater the NXDOMAIN response is signed then no substitution
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User To redirect all NXDOMAIN responses to
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User 100.100.100.2 and
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User 2001:ffff:ffff::100.100.100.2, one would
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User configure a type redirect zone named ".",
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User with the zone file containing wildcard records
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User that point to the desired addresses:
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User <code class="literal">"*. IN A 100.100.100.2"</code>
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User <code class="literal">"*. IN AAAA 2001:ffff:ffff::100.100.100.2"</code>.
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User To redirect all Spanish names (under .ES) one
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User would use similar entries but with the names
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User "*.ES." instead of "*.". To redirect all
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User commercial Spanish names (under COM.ES) one
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User would use wildcard entries called "*.COM.ES.".
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User Note that the redirect zone supports all
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User possible types; it is not limited to A and
c387825f77476d046f4b3491e646889693209bd2Tinderbox User AAAA records.
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User Because redirect zones are not referenced
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User directly by name, they are not kept in the
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User zone lookup table with normal master and slave
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User zones. Consequently, it is not currently possible
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span>
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User to reload a redirect zone. However, when using
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rndc reload</strong></span> without specifying
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User a zone name, redirect zones will be reloaded along
e658a6635dfdf44bd61e13c37b93f5ba30edb07aTinderbox User with other zones.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews This is used to enforce the delegation-only
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater status of infrastructure zones (e.g. COM,
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater NET, ORG). Any answer that is received
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater without an explicit or implicit delegation
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater in the authority section will be treated
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater as NXDOMAIN. This does not apply to the
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater zone apex. This should not be applied to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">delegation-only</code> has no
38760f5b074d2974a56479fa8b3aeb4b89bf36c8Automatic Updater effect on answers received from forwarders.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See caveats in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span class="command"><strong>root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="class"></a>Class</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The zone's name may optionally be followed by a class. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a class is not specified, class <code class="literal">IN</code> (for <code class="varname">Internet</code>),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assumed. This is correct for the vast majority of cases.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <code class="literal">hesiod</code> class is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein named for an information service from MIT's Project Athena. It
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used to share information about various systems databases, such
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as users, groups, printers and so on. The keyword
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a synonym for hesiod.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews Another MIT development is Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the mid-1970s. Zone data for it can be specified with the <code class="literal">CHAOS</code> class.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="zone_options"></a>Zone Options</h4></div></div></div>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span></span></dt>
68b30890ebd441a6a1ae3fdf71744d07d02cd030Mark Andrews See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies a "Simple Secure Update" policy. See
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>allow-update-forwarding</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of <span class="command"><strong>allow-update-forwarding</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#access_control" title="Access Control">the section called “Access Control”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Only meaningful if <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein active for this zone. The set of machines that will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for this zone is made up of all the listed name servers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the primary master) for the zone plus any IP addresses
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span>. A port
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be specified
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt with each <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address to send the notify
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein messages to a port other than the default of 53.
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater A TSIG key may also be specified to cause the
d9c707589ade5d69fb59b6837555adc4cd24d34fAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">NOTIFY</code> to be signed by the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> is not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein meaningful for stub zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is the empty list.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is used to restrict the character set and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein received from the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt network. The default varies according to zone type. For <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> zones the default is <span class="command"><strong>fail</strong></span>. For <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt zones the default is <span class="command"><strong>warn</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt It is not implemented for <span class="command"><strong>hint</strong></span> zones.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-mx</strong></span></span></dt>
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-mx</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-spf</strong></span></span></dt>
7be2f6d5df28b207e3e385c555eb4f740150528dTinderbox User See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-spf</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-wildcard</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-wildcard</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span></span></dt>
a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73Mark Andrews See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-integrity</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>check-sibling</strong></span></span></dt>
3a3705ef7747327df182bf8d009333d2472253d5Mark Andrews See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>check-sibling</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
3b4098640dd85040270f39b9a5ee5e22de99d3d6Mark Andrews See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zero-no-soa-ttl</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span></span></dt>
083a5588a3488b6335ee7bafa505d00644c7c58dMark Andrews See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-loadkeys-interval</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Usage”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-update-mode</strong></span></span></dt>
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-update-mode</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
9ce6056d520aaf5241560fab6ab096c0d4e87b36Automatic Updater Usage”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span></span></dt>
8de0d8a6905e397ed0a26054815420685f9b435eAutomatic Updater See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-dnskey-kskonly</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>try-tcp-refresh</strong></span></span></dt>
6bf6622b7b9053dc52527478473b572f042c4b5bMark Andrews See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>try-tcp-refresh</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>database</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the type of database to be used for storing the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt zone data. The string following the <span class="command"><strong>database</strong></span> keyword
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is interpreted as a list of whitespace-delimited words.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The first word
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein identifies the database type, and any subsequent words are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as arguments to the database to be interpreted in a way
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the database type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default is <strong class="userinput"><code>"rbt"</code></strong>, BIND 9's
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein native in-memory
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein red-black-tree database. This database does not take
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Other values are possible if additional database drivers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein have been linked into the server. Some sample drivers are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with the distribution but none are linked in by default.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dialup</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>delegation-only</strong></span></span></dt>
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User The flag only applies to forward, hint and stub
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User zones. If set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>,
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User then the zone will also be treated as if it is
c96e7744e0da3accf075c966f9a3f0f8e50a2cf4Tinderbox User also a delegation-only type zone.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See caveats in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#root_delegation_only"><span class="command"><strong>root-delegation-only</strong></span></a>.
2465dbb92ddd335bd0d2b6a23e3bb3514c606fe1Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>file</strong></span></span></dt>
2465dbb92ddd335bd0d2b6a23e3bb3514c606fe1Tinderbox User Set the zone's filename. In <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span>,
2465dbb92ddd335bd0d2b6a23e3bb3514c606fe1Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>hint</strong></span>, and <span class="command"><strong>redirect</strong></span>
2465dbb92ddd335bd0d2b6a23e3bb3514c606fe1Tinderbox User zones which do not have <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span>
2465dbb92ddd335bd0d2b6a23e3bb3514c606fe1Tinderbox User defined, zone data is loaded from this file. In
2465dbb92ddd335bd0d2b6a23e3bb3514c606fe1Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>stub</strong></span>, and
2465dbb92ddd335bd0d2b6a23e3bb3514c606fe1Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>redirect</strong></span> zones which do have
2465dbb92ddd335bd0d2b6a23e3bb3514c606fe1Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> defined, zone data is
2465dbb92ddd335bd0d2b6a23e3bb3514c606fe1Tinderbox User retrieved from another server and saved in this file.
2465dbb92ddd335bd0d2b6a23e3bb3514c606fe1Tinderbox User This option is not applicable to other zone types.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Only meaningful if the zone has a forwarders
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt list. The <span class="command"><strong>only</strong></span> value causes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the lookup to fail
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt after trying the forwarders and getting no answer, while <span class="command"><strong>first</strong></span> would
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein allow a normal lookup to be tried.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Used to override the list of global forwarders.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt If it is not specified in a zone of type <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span>,
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews no forwarding is done for the zone and the global options are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-base</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Was used in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specify the name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of the transaction log (journal) file for dynamic update
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 ignores the option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and constructs the name of the journal
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file by appending "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the name of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-tmp-file</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Was an undocumented option in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews Ignored in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>journal</strong></span></span></dt>
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews Allow the default journal's filename to be overridden.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews The default is the zone's filename with "<code class="filename">.jnl</code>" appended.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This is applicable to <span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span> zones.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span></span></dt>
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_resource_limits" title="Server Resource Limits">the section called “Server Resource Limits”</a>.
45571e73747cb97c4abcdc7be8cc0c484b1b0e42Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-records</strong></span></span></dt>
45571e73747cb97c4abcdc7be8cc0c484b1b0e42Tinderbox User See the description of
45571e73747cb97c4abcdc7be8cc0c484b1b0e42Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>max-records</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_resource_limits" title="Server Resource Limits">the section called “Server Resource Limits”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-in</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-in</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-time-out</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-transfer-idle-out</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-delay</strong></span></span></dt>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-delay</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-to-soa</strong></span></span></dt>
7526edc7677371c366232de5f39a678b7dcda747Mark Andrews See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-to-soa</strong></span> in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>pubkey</strong></span></span></dt>
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews In <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8, this option was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein intended for specifying
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a public zone key for verification of signatures in DNSSEC
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews zones when they are loaded from disk. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 does not verify signatures
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on load and ignores the option.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span></span></dt>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span> in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User Usage”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>server-addresses</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Only meaningful for static-stub zones.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater This is a list of IP addresses to which queries
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater should be sent in recursive resolution for the
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater A non empty list for this option will internally
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater configure the apex NS RR with associated glue A or
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater For example, if "example.com" is configured as a
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater static-stub zone with 192.0.2.1 and 2001:db8::1234
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in a <span class="command"><strong>server-addresses</strong></span> option,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater the following RRs will be internally configured.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">example.com. NS example.com.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater These records are internally used to resolve
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater names under the static-stub zone.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater For instance, if the server receives a query for
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater "www.example.com" with the RD bit on, the server
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater will initiate recursive resolution and send
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater queries to 192.0.2.1 and/or 2001:db8::1234.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>server-names</strong></span></span></dt>
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater Only meaningful for static-stub zones.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater This is a list of domain names of nameservers that
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater act as authoritative servers of the static-stub
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater These names will be resolved to IP addresses when
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> needs to send queries to
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater these servers.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater To make this supplemental resolution successful,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater these names must not be a subdomain of the origin
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater name of static-stub zone.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater That is, when "example.net" is the origin of a
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater static-stub zone, "ns.example" and
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater "master.example.com" can be specified in the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>server-names</strong></span> option, but
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater "ns.example.net" cannot, and will be rejected by
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater the configuration parser.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater A non empty list for this option will internally
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater configure the apex NS RR with the specified names.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater For example, if "example.com" is configured as a
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater static-stub zone with "ns1.example.net" and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in a <span class="command"><strong>server-names</strong></span> option,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater the following RRs will be internally configured.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">example.com. NS ns1.example.net.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater These records are internally used to resolve
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater names under the static-stub zone.
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater For instance, if the server receives a query for
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater "www.example.com" with the RD bit on, the server
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater initiate recursive resolution,
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater "ns2.example.net" to IP addresses, and then send
b6f3a9131ec5bff166be3efb172c0492e53f932bAutomatic Updater queries to (one or more of) these addresses.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-validity-interval</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-nodes</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-nodes</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-signatures</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-signatures</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-type</strong></span></span></dt>
aeb7938001b22e811a910e1b36cdf452f9193865Automatic Updater See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-type</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>alt-transfer-source-v6</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>use-alt-transfer-source</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>notify-source-v6</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called “Zone Transfers”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-refresh-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>min-retry-time</strong></span>, </span><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-retry-time</strong></span></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (Note that the <span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span>
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>master</code></strong> and
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater <strong class="userinput"><code>slave</code></strong> choices are not
ccc383f3a74bdf3559650c630bbca24b11d8f8aeAutomatic Updater available at the zone level.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>key-directory</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>key-directory</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Usage”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec</strong></span></span></dt>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec</strong></span> in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Usage”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method</strong></span></span></dt>
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>serial-update-method</strong></span> in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Usage”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>inline-signing</strong></span></span></dt>
bafdc1ebe80e1bc359bfbb48aa88790c7bbdc749Automatic Updater If <code class="literal">yes</code>, this enables
bafdc1ebe80e1bc359bfbb48aa88790c7bbdc749Automatic Updater "bump in the wire" signing of a zone, where a
2cc7515f8a0c2f5f86ec85a853c7cb855b3d9536Tinderbox User unsigned zone is transferred in or loaded from
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater disk and a signed version of the zone is served,
c978c6cb6e0c38d8378b6cd1f6b5aac3cf91e36aAutomatic Updater with possibly, a different serial number. This
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User behavior is disabled by default.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>multi-master</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of <span class="command"><strong>multi-master</strong></span> in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#tuning" title="Tuning">the section called “Tuning”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>max-zone-ttl</strong></span></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt See the description of <span class="command"><strong>max-zone-ttl</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
0e1dece22e128f9dfa723316a35c4b3f06912381Tinderbox User Usage”</a>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span></span></dt>
b05106c7e68077d805893fbae006fae125494fd6Automatic Updater See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-secure-to-insecure</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called “Boolean Options”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="dynamic_update_policies"></a>Dynamic Update Policies</h4></div></div></div>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <p><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 supports two alternative
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews methods of granting clients the right to perform
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews dynamic updates to a zone, configured by the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> option, respectively.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span> clause works the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews same way as in previous versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews It grants given clients the permission to update any
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews record of any name in the zone.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> clause
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater allows more fine-grained control over what updates are
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater allowed. A set of rules is specified, where each rule
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater either grants or denies permissions for one or more
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater names to be updated by one or more identities. If
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater the dynamic update request message is signed (that is,
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater it includes either a TSIG or SIG(0) record), the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater identity of the signer can be determined.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Rules are specified in the <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span>
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews zone option, and are only meaningful for master zones.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt When the <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews is present, it is a configuration error for the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span> statement to be
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt present. The <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User (except when set to <code class="literal">local</code>) only
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User examines the signer of a message; the source
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews address is not relevant.
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User A pre-defined <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> rule can be
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User switched on with the command
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>update-policy local;</strong></span>.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Switching on this rule in a zone causes
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to generate a TSIG session key and
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User place it in a file. That key will then be allowed to update
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User the zone, if the update request is sent from localhost.
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User By default, the session key is stored in the file
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>; the key name
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User is "local-ddns" and the key algorithm is HMAC-SHA256.
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User These values are configurable with the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>session-keyfile</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>session-keyname</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>session-keyalg</strong></span> options, respectively).
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User A client on the local system, if it is run with appropriate
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User permissions, may read the session key from the key file and
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User use the key to sign update requests. The zone's update
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User policy will be set to allow that key to change any record
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User within the zone. Assuming the key name is "local-ddns",
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User this policy is:
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <pre class="programlisting">update-policy { grant local-ddns zonesub any; };
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User ...with an additional restriction that only clients
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User connecting from the local system will be permitted to send
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User Note that only one session key is generated; all zones
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User configured to use <span class="command"><strong>update-policy local</strong></span>
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User will accept the same key.
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User The command <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate -l</strong></span> implements this
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User feature, sending requests to localhost and signing them using
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User the key retrieved from the session key file.
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater Other rule definitions look like this:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt( <span class="command"><strong>grant</strong></span> | <span class="command"><strong>deny</strong></span> ) <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span>] [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>types</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each rule grants or denies privileges. Once a message has
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein successfully matched a rule, the operation is immediately
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater granted or denied and no further rules are examined. A rule
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater is matched when the signer matches the identity field, the
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater name matches the name field in accordance with the nametype
3cddb2c552ee6582e8db0849c28747f6b6ca57feAutomatic Updater field, and the type matches the types specified in the type
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews No signer is required for <em class="replaceable"><code>tcp-self</code></em>
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews or <em class="replaceable"><code>6to4-self</code></em> however the standard
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews reverse mapping / prefix conversion must match the identity
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The identity field specifies a name or a wildcard
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews name. Normally, this is the name of the TSIG or
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews SIG(0) key used to sign the update request. When a
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews TKEY exchange has been used to create a shared secret,
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews the identity of the shared secret is the same as the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews identity of the key used to authenticate the TKEY
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews exchange. TKEY is also the negotiation method used
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews by GSS-TSIG, which establishes an identity that is
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews the Kerberos principal of the client, such as
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>"user@host.domain"</code></strong>. When the
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews a wildcard name, it is subject to DNS wildcard
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews expansion, so the rule will apply to multiple identities.
acb72d5e2c83b597332e3eb0c7d59e1142f1adfdMark Andrews The <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field must
a404eb87dc8f91fe81bedce8bb3957fc3c7684a5Mark Andrews contain a fully-qualified domain name.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater For nametypes <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>,
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <code class="varname">ms-self</code>, <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>,
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater and <code class="varname">ms-subdomain</code> the
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field specifies
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater the Windows or Kerberos realm of the machine belongs to.
3daad56dbb60acbdd1e8f59a1cfbfb03d364dba8Automatic Updater The <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em> field has 13
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="varname">name</code>, <code class="varname">subdomain</code>,
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <code class="varname">wildcard</code>, <code class="varname">self</code>,
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <code class="varname">selfsub</code>, <code class="varname">selfwild</code>,
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews <code class="varname">krb5-self</code>, <code class="varname">ms-self</code>,
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <code class="varname">tcp-self</code>, <code class="varname">6to4-self</code>,
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater <code class="varname">zonesub</code>, and <code class="varname">external</code>.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews Exact-match semantics. This rule matches
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews when the name being updated is identical
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews to the contents of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule matches when the name being updated
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews is a subdomain of, or identical to, the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews contents of the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater This rule is similar to subdomain, except that
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater it matches when the name being updated is a
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater subdomain of the zone in which the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater appears. This obviates the need to type the zone
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater name twice, and enables the use of a standard
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement in
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater multiple zones without modification.
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater When this rule is used, the
852ccdd42a71550c974111b49415204ffeca6573Automatic Updater <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field is omitted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews is subject to DNS wildcard expansion, and
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews this rule matches when the name being updated
dec590a3deb8e87380a8bd3a77d535dba3729bf6Tinderbox User is a valid expansion of the wildcard.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This rule matches when the name being updated
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews matches the contents of the
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> field
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews is ignored, but should be the same as the
d605cf32834fd19b7d16848655cdb5e458f34aa5Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field or
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews The <code class="varname">self</code> nametype is
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews most useful when allowing using one key per
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews name to update, where the key has the same
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews name as the name to be updated. The
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> would
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews be specified as <code class="constant">*</code> (an asterisk) in
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews except that subdomains of <code class="varname">self</code>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews can also be updated.
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews This rule is similar to <code class="varname">self</code>
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews except that only subdomains of
7f723eabc5768f576470cd9cc82fd4af200013a1Mark Andrews <code class="varname">self</code> can be updated.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater This rule takes a Windows machine principal
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater (machine$@REALM) for machine in REALM and
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User and converts it machine.realm allowing the machine
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater to update machine.realm. The REALM to be matched
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User is specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
d605cf32834fd19b7d16848655cdb5e458f34aa5Tinderbox User field. The name field should be set to "."
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User This rule takes a Windows machine principal
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater (machine$@REALM) for machine in REALM and
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater converts it to machine.realm allowing the machine
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater to update subdomains of machine.realm. The REALM
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater to be matched is specified in the
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field.
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater This rule takes a Kerberos machine principal
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater (host/machine@REALM) for machine in REALM and
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User and converts it machine.realm allowing the machine
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater to update machine.realm. The REALM to be matched
a17029519ef25b7cb545d574b728dc81b0ab74fdTinderbox User is specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
d605cf32834fd19b7d16848655cdb5e458f34aa5Tinderbox User field. The name field should be set to "."
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater <code class="varname">krb5-subdomain</code>
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User This rule takes a Kerberos machine principal
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater (host/machine@REALM) for machine in REALM and
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater converts it to machine.realm allowing the machine
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater to update subdomains of machine.realm. The REALM
93a5136c2b37df3232d2da4db2de60f29f6f1162Automatic Updater to be matched is specified in the
d605cf32834fd19b7d16848655cdb5e458f34aa5Tinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em> field. The
d605cf32834fd19b7d16848655cdb5e458f34aa5Tinderbox User name field should be set to "."
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews Allow updates that have been sent via TCP and
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews for which the standard mapping from the initiating
d605cf32834fd19b7d16848655cdb5e458f34aa5Tinderbox User namespaces match the name to be updated. The
d605cf32834fd19b7d16848655cdb5e458f34aa5Tinderbox User name field should be set to "."
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews Allow the 6to4 prefix to be update by any TCP
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater connection from the 6to4 network or from the
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews corresponding IPv4 address. This is intended
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews to allow NS or DNAME RRsets to be added to the
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews reverse tree.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
f4429c1c31ec32f05125baab1adcc4f09863f7afMark Andrews It is theoretically possible to spoof these TCP
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt This rule allows <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater to defer the decision of whether to allow a
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater given update to an external daemon.
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater The method of communicating with the daemon is
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater specified in the <em class="replaceable"><code>identity</code></em>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater field, the format of which is
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater "<code class="constant">local:</code><em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em>",
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater where <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> is the location
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater of a UNIX-domain socket. (Currently, "local" is the
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater only supported mechanism.)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Requests to the external daemon are sent over the
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater UNIX-domain socket as datagrams with the following
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Protocol version number (4 bytes, network byte order, currently 1)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Request length (4 bytes, network byte order)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Signer (null-terminated string)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Name (null-terminated string)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater TCP source address (null-terminated string)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Rdata type (null-terminated string)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater Key (null-terminated string)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater TKEY token length (4 bytes, network byte order)
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater TKEY token (remainder of packet)</pre>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater The daemon replies with a four-byte value in
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater network byte order, containing either 0 or 1; 0
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater indicates that the specified update is not
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater permitted, and 1 indicates that it is.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein In all cases, the <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
610cd6f8458d88d5696e131aee310dcbcebac8fdAutomatic Updater field must specify a fully-qualified domain name.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater If no types are explicitly specified, this rule matches
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater all types except RRSIG, NS, SOA, NSEC and NSEC3. Types
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater may be specified by name, including "ANY" (ANY matches
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater all types except NSEC and NSEC3, which can never be
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater updated). Note that when an attempt is made to delete
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater all records associated with a name, the rules are
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater checked for each existing record type.
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="multiple_views"></a>Multiple views</h4></div></div></div>
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User When multiple views are in use, a zone may be
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User referenced by more than one of them. Often, the views
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User will contain different zones with the same name, allowing
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User different clients to receive different answers for the same
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User queries. At times, however, it is desirable for multiple
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User views to contain identical zones. The
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> zone option provides an efficient
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User way to do this: it allows a view to reference a zone that
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User was defined in a previously configured view. Example:
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox Userview internal {
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User match-clients { 10/8; };
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox Userview external {
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User match-clients { any; };
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User in-view internal;
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt An <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> option cannot refer to a view
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User that is configured later in the configuration file.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt A <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> statement which uses the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> option may not use any other
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt options with the exception of <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and <span class="command"><strong>forwarders</strong></span>. (These options control
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User the behavior of the containing view, rather than changing
52cc3bd9c1f5f6123e7b30f65a110a8c3557a43cTinderbox User the zone object itself.)
b4556ecdbc3cad55e1c85ce32b73b7bcd39e43dcTinderbox User Zone level acls (e.g. allow-query, allow-transfer) and
b4556ecdbc3cad55e1c85ce32b73b7bcd39e43dcTinderbox User other configuration details of the zone are all set
b4556ecdbc3cad55e1c85ce32b73b7bcd39e43dcTinderbox User in the view the referenced zone is defined in. Care
b4556ecdbc3cad55e1c85ce32b73b7bcd39e43dcTinderbox User need to be taken to ensure that acls are wide enough
b4556ecdbc3cad55e1c85ce32b73b7bcd39e43dcTinderbox User for all views referencing the zone.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt An <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> zone cannot be used as a
70b01b2d03d66b28d97f5cf4fd49ecd74418b065Tinderbox User response policy zone.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt An <span class="command"><strong>in-view</strong></span> zone is not intended to reference
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt a <span class="command"><strong>forward</strong></span> zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="zone_file"></a>Zone File</h2></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them"></a>Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This section, largely borrowed from RFC 1034, describes the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein concept of a Resource Record (RR) and explains when each is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Since the publication of RFC 1034, several new RRs have been
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and implemented in the DNS. These are also included.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="id-1.7.6.2.3"></a>Resource Records</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein A domain name identifies a node. Each node has a set of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resource information, which may be empty. The set of resource
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein information associated with a particular name is composed of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein separate RRs. The order of RRs in a set is not significant and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein need not be preserved by name servers, resolvers, or other
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parts of the DNS. However, sorting of multiple RRs is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein permitted for optimization purposes, for example, to specify
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt that a particular nearby server be tried first. See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#the_sortlist_statement" title="The sortlist Statement">the section called “The <span class="command"><strong>sortlist</strong></span> Statement”</a> and <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">the section called “RRset Ordering”</a>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The components of a Resource Record are:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The domain name where the RR is found.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews An encoded 16-bit value that specifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the type of the resource record.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The time-to-live of the RR. This field
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews is a 32-bit integer in units of seconds, and is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein primarily used by
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein resolvers when they cache RRs. The TTL describes how
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein long a RR can
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be cached before it should be discarded.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews An encoded 16-bit value that identifies
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a protocol family or instance of a protocol.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The resource data. The format of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data is type (and sometimes class) specific.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following are <span class="emphasis"><em>types</em></span> of valid RRs:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A host address. In the IN class, this is a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 32-bit IP address. Described in RFC 1035.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 address. Described in RFC 1886.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein IPv6 address. This can be a partial
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (a suffix) and an indirection to the name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein where the rest of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein address (the prefix) can be found. Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2874.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Location of AFS database servers.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Address prefix list. Experimental.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 3123.
7f9f0b975521b3f5fe3463638f193577631e28dbTinderbox User Application Visibility and Control record.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Identifies which Certificate Authorities can issue
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User certificates for this domain and what rules they
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User need to follow when doing so. Defined in RFC 6844.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Identifies which DNSKEY records should be published
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User as DS records in the parent zone.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Contains the set of DS records that should be published
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User by the parent zone.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Holds a digital certificate.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2538.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Identifies the canonical name of an alias.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1035.
09d72af3e9961c210d7baa6179165b6cd81e8dd0Tinderbox User Child-to-Parent Synchronization in DNS as described
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Is used for identifying which DHCP client is
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater associated with this name. Described in RFC 4701.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User A DNS Look-aside Validation record which contains
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User the records that are used as trust anchors for
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User zones in a DLV namespace. Described in RFC 4431.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Replaces the domain name specified with
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein another name to be looked up, effectively aliasing an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein subtree of the domain name space rather than a single
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein as in the case of the CNAME RR.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2672.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Stores a public key associated with a signed
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
193749a4f5b66e3c0a902f57f2d2075ce3bbfc6eTinderbox User Implements the Digital Object Architecture over
193749a4f5b66e3c0a902f57f2d2075ce3bbfc6eTinderbox User DNS. Experimental.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Stores the hash of a public key associated with a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews signed DNS zone. Described in RFC 4034.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User End Point Identifier.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User A 48-bit EUI address. Described in RFC 7043.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User A 64-bit EUI address. Described in RFC 7043.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the global position. Superseded by LOC.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Identifies the CPU and OS used by a host.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1035.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Host Identity Protocol Address.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Described in RFC 5205.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Provides a method for storing IPsec keying material in
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater DNS. Described in RFC 4025.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Representation of ISDN addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Stores a public key associated with a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews DNS name. Used in original DNSSEC; replaced
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews by DNSKEY in DNSSECbis, but still used with
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews SIG(0). Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Identifies a key exchanger for this
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein DNS name. Described in RFC 2230.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Holds 32-bit Locator values for
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Identifier-Locator Network Protocol. Described
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Holds 64-bit Locator values for
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Identifier-Locator Network Protocol. Described
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews For storing GPS info. Described in RFC 1876.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Identifier-Locator Network Protocol.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Described in RFC 6742.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Mail Box. Historical.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Mail Destination. Historical.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Mail Forwarder. Historical.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Mail Group. Historical.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Mail Information.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Mail Rename. Historical.
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Identifies a mail exchange for the domain with
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews a 16-bit preference value (lower is better)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein followed by the host name of the mail exchange.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 974, RFC 1035.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Name authority pointer. Described in RFC 2915.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Holds values for Node Identifiers in
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Identifier-Locator Network Protocol. Described
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User Contains zone status information.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Nimrod Locator.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A network service access point.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1706.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The authoritative name server for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain. Described in RFC 1035.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews not exist in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews existing name.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Described in RFC 4034.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Used in DNSSECbis to securely indicate that
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater RRs with an owner name in a certain name
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater interval do not exist in a zone and indicate
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater what RR types are present for an existing
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater name. NSEC3 differs from NSEC in that it
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater prevents zone enumeration but is more
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater computationally expensive on both the server
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater and the client than NSEC. Described in RFC
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Used in DNSSECbis to tell the authoritative
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater server which NSEC3 chains are available to use.
38417cbfb1a328c20b5b723b8584a02c57f88897Automatic Updater Described in RFC 5155.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User This is an opaque container.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Used in DNSSEC to securely indicate that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs with an owner name in a certain name interval do
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not exist in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a zone and indicate what RR types are present for an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein existing name.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Used in original DNSSEC; replaced by NSEC in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 2535.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Used to hold an OPENPGPKEY.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A pointer to another part of the domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein name space. Described in RFC 1035.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Provides mappings between RFC 822 and X.400
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein addresses. Described in RFC 2163.
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User Resource key.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Information on persons responsible
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the domain. Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Contains DNSSECbis signature data. Described
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews in RFC 4034.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Route-through binding for hosts that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein do not have their own direct wide area network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Contains DNSSEC signature data. Used in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews original DNSSEC; replaced by RRSIG in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews DNSSECbis, but still used for SIG(0).
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Described in RFCs 2535 and 2931.
5091a6fed939d70cc5ae90a8ddecf2a829cdbabaTinderbox User The kitchen sink record.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Identifies the start of a zone of authority.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Described in RFC 1035.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Contains the Sender Policy Framework information
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater for a given email domain. Described in RFC 4408.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Information about well known network
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein services (replaces WKS). Described in RFC 2782.
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater Provides a way to securely publish a secure shell key's
0c6ada0a814f3c5417daa1654129bc2af56ed504Automatic Updater fingerprint. Described in RFC 4255.
199045f81d2c312411fc0d6a6f8dc56968daa679Tinderbox User Trust Anchor. Experimental.
d758d223c902f7541538ad0ddf64b058d2b088d8Tinderbox User Trust Anchor Link. Experimental.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Transport Layer Security Certificate Association.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Described in RFC 6698.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Text records. Described in RFC 1035.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Reserved. Historical.
a8fa482d0cc0134e2373509f8d3ac92c9f36d99aTinderbox User Holds a URI. Described in RFC 7553.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Information about which well known
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein network services, such as SMTP, that a domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein supports. Historical.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Representation of X.25 network addresses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Experimental. Described in RFC 1183.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The following <span class="emphasis"><em>classes</em></span> of resource records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are currently valid in the DNS:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Internet.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews Chaosnet, a LAN protocol created at MIT in the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Rarely used for its historical purpose, but reused for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein built-in server information zones, e.g.,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Hesiod, an information service
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein developed by MIT's Project Athena. It is used to share
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein about various systems databases, such as users,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein groups, printers
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The owner name is often implicit, rather than forming an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein part of the RR. For example, many name servers internally form
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein or hash structures for the name space, and chain RRs off nodes.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The remaining RR parts are the fixed header (type, class, TTL)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein which is consistent for all RRs, and a variable part (RDATA)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein fits the needs of the resource being described.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The meaning of the TTL field is a time limit on how long an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RR can be kept in a cache. This limit does not apply to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein authoritative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data in zones; it is also timed out, but by the refreshing
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for the zone. The TTL is assigned by the administrator for the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone where the data originates. While short TTLs can be used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein minimize caching, and a zero TTL prohibits caching, the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of Internet performance suggest that these times should be on
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein order of days for the typical host. If a change can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein anticipated,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the TTL can be reduced prior to the change to minimize
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein inconsistency
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein during the change, and then increased back to its former value
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The data in the RDATA section of RRs is carried as a combination
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein of binary strings and domain names. The domain names are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used as "pointers" to other data in the DNS.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="rr_text"></a>Textual expression of RRs</h4></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RRs are represented in binary form in the packets of the DNS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein protocol, and are usually represented in highly encoded form
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein stored in a name server or resolver. In the examples provided
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 1034, a style similar to that used in master files was
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in order to show the contents of RRs. In this format, most RRs
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are shown on a single line, although continuation lines are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein using parentheses.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The start of the line gives the owner of the RR. If a line
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein begins with a blank, then the owner is assumed to be the same as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that of the previous RR. Blank lines are often included for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein readability.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Following the owner, we list the TTL, type, and class of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RR. Class and type use the mnemonics defined above, and TTL is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein an integer before the type field. In order to avoid ambiguity
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein parsing, type and class mnemonics are disjoint, TTLs are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and the type mnemonic is always last. The IN class and TTL
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are often omitted from examples in the interests of clarity.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The resource data or RDATA section of the RR are given using
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein knowledge of the typical representation for the data.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For example, we might show the RRs carried in a message as:
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The MX RRs have an RDATA section which consists of a 16-bit
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein number followed by a domain name. The address RRs use a
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews IP address format to contain a 32-bit internet address.
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The above example shows six RRs, with two RRs at each of three
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain names.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Similarly we might see:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This example shows two addresses for
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">XX.LCS.MIT.EDU</code>, each of a different class.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="mx_records"></a>Discussion of MX Records</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein As described above, domain servers store information as a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein series of resource records, each of which contains a particular
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein piece of information about a given domain name (which is usually,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but not always, a host). The simplest way to think of a RR is as
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a typed pair of data, a domain name matched with a relevant datum,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and stored with some additional type information to help systems
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determine when the RR is relevant.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX records are used to control delivery of email. The data
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specified in the record is a priority and a domain name. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein controls the order in which email delivery is attempted, with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein lowest number first. If two priorities are the same, a server is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein chosen randomly. If no servers at a given priority are responding,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the mail transport agent will fall back to the next largest
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Priority numbers do not have any absolute meaning — they are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein only respective to other MX records for that domain name. The
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews name given is the machine to which the mail will be delivered.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews It <span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> have an associated address record
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (A or AAAA) — CNAME is not sufficient.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein For a given domain, if there is both a CNAME record and an
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein MX record, the MX record is in error, and will be ignored.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the mail will be delivered to the server specified in the MX
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein pointed to by the CNAME.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews For example:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Mail delivery will be attempted to <code class="literal">mail.example.com</code> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">mail2.example.com</code> (in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein any order), and if neither of those succeed, delivery to <code class="literal">mail.backup.org</code> will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein be attempted.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="Setting_TTLs"></a>Setting TTLs</h3></div></div></div>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews The time-to-live of the RR field is a 32-bit integer represented
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in units of seconds, and is primarily used by resolvers when they
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache RRs. The TTL describes how long a RR can be cached before it
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein should be discarded. The following three types of TTL are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein used in a zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The last field in the SOA is the negative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein caching TTL. This controls how long other servers will
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cache no-such-domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (NXDOMAIN) responses from you.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The maximum time for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein negative caching is 3 hours (3h).
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The $TTL directive at the top of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone file (before the SOA) gives a default TTL for every
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a specific TTL set.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Each RR can have a TTL as the second
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein field in the RR, which will control how long other
a24330c4805a224191ab687d0291963062fe3355Tinderbox User servers can cache it.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein All of these TTLs default to units of seconds, though units
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein can be explicitly specified, for example, <code class="literal">1h30m</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="ipv4_reverse"></a>Inverse Mapping in IPv4</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Reverse name resolution (that is, translation from IP address
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to name) is achieved by means of the <span class="emphasis"><em>in-addr.arpa</em></span> domain
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and PTR records. Entries in the in-addr.arpa domain are made in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein least-to-most significant order, read left to right. This is the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein opposite order to the way IP addresses are usually written. Thus,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a machine with an IP address of 10.1.2.3 would have a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein corresponding
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 3.2.1.10.in-addr.arpa. This name should have a PTR resource record
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein whose data field is the name of the machine or, optionally,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein PTR records if the machine has more than one name. For example,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in the [<span class="optional">example.com</span>] domain:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">2.1.10.in-addr.arpa</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="literal">IN PTR foo.example.com.</code>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span> lines in the examples
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews are for providing context to the examples only — they do not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein appear in the actual usage. They are only used here to indicate
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein that the example is relative to the listed origin.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="zone_directives"></a>Other Zone File Directives</h3></div></div></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The Master File Format was initially defined in RFC 1035 and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein has subsequently been extended. While the Master File Format
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is class independent all records in a Master File must be of the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Master File Directives include <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>$INCLUDE</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and <span class="command"><strong>$TTL.</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="atsign"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>@</strong></span> (at-sign)</h4></div></div></div>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater When used in the label (or name) field, the asperand or
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater at-sign (@) symbol represents the current origin.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User At the start of the zone file, it is the
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>> (followed by
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater trailing dot).
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="origin_directive"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Syntax: <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>domain-name</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews sets the domain name that will be appended to any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein unqualified records. When a zone is first read in there
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt is an implicit <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <<code class="varname">zone_name</code>><span class="command"><strong>.</strong></span>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater (followed by trailing dot).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The current <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended to
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the domain specified in the <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein argument if it is not absolute.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinWWW CNAME MAIN-SERVER
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is equivalent to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="include_directive"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>$INCLUDE</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Syntax: <span class="command"><strong>$INCLUDE</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Read and process the file <code class="filename">filename</code> as
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt if it were included into the file at this point. If <span class="command"><strong>origin</strong></span> is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt specified the file is processed with <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span> set
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to that value, otherwise the current <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span> is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The origin and the current domain name
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt revert to the values they had prior to the <span class="command"><strong>$INCLUDE</strong></span> once
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein the file has been read.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein RFC 1035 specifies that the current origin should be restored
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt an <span class="command"><strong>$INCLUDE</strong></span>, but it is silent
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein on whether the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein domain name should also be restored. BIND 9 restores both of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This could be construed as a deviation from RFC 1035, a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein feature, or both.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="ttl_directive"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>$TTL</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Syntax: <span class="command"><strong>$TTL</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>default-ttl</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em> </span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Set the default Time To Live (TTL) for subsequent records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein with undefined TTLs. Valid TTLs are of the range 0-2147483647
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>$TTL</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is defined in RFC 2308.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="generate_directive"></a><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</h3></div></div></div>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Syntax: <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="replaceable"><code>range</code></em>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span>]
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em></span>]
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <p><span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is used to create a series of resource records that only
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein differ from each other by an
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt iterator. <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> can be used to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein easily generate the sets of records required to support
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein sub /24 reverse delegations described in RFC 2317:
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN 0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater$GENERATE 1-2 @ NS SERVER$.EXAMPLE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein$GENERATE 1-127 $ CNAME $.0</pre>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is equivalent to
ab8729140b1ad688ab03e1e9ce438fb1cbb49222Automatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. NS SERVER1.EXAMPLE.
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews1.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 1.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews2.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 2.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
3970098dcd2a7122541667b4b56cea8abce8ccf2Mark Andrews127.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. CNAME 127.0.0.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater Generate a set of A and MX records. Note the MX's right hand
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater side is a quoted string. The quotes will be stripped when the
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater right hand side is processed.
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater$ORIGIN EXAMPLE.
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ A 1.2.3.$
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater$GENERATE 1-127 HOST-$ MX "0 ."</pre>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater is equivalent to
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater<pre class="programlisting">HOST-1.EXAMPLE. A 1.2.3.1
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>range</strong></span></p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This can be one of two forms: start-stop
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews or start-stop/step. If the first form is used, then step
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User is set to 1. start, stop and step must be positive
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User integers between 0 and (2^31)-1. start must not be
e4a70b8fdfc5d2db2d992d884327a1e1fec67a07Tinderbox User larger than stop.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>lhs</strong></span></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews describes the owner name of the resource records
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to be created. Any single <span class="command"><strong>$</strong></span>
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews (dollar sign)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt symbols within the <span class="command"><strong>lhs</strong></span> string
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are replaced by the iterator value.
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews To get a $ in the output, you need to escape the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>$</strong></span> using a backslash
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt e.g. <span class="command"><strong>\$</strong></span>. The
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>$</strong></span> may optionally be followed
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein by modifiers which change the offset from the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein iterator, field width and base.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Modifiers are introduced by a
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>{</strong></span> (left brace) immediately following the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>$</strong></span> as
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>${offset[,width[,base]]}</strong></span>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt For example, <span class="command"><strong>${-20,3,d}</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein subtracts 20 from the current value, prints the
b05bdb520d83f7ecaad708fe305268c3420be01dMark Andrews result as a decimal in a zero-padded field of
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Available output forms are decimal
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (<span class="command"><strong>d</strong></span>), octal
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (<span class="command"><strong>o</strong></span>), hexadecimal
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (<span class="command"><strong>x</strong></span> or <span class="command"><strong>X</strong></span>
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater for uppercase) and nibble
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (<span class="command"><strong>n</strong></span> or <span class="command"><strong>N</strong></span>\
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein for uppercase). The default modifier is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>${0,0,d}</strong></span>. If the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>lhs</strong></span> is not absolute, the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt current <span class="command"><strong>$ORIGIN</strong></span> is appended
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to the name.
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater In nibble mode the value will be treated as
d3907d27cc138f45772d3d63082ae02c7659148aAutomatic Updater if it was a reversed hexadecimal string
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater with each hexadecimal digit as a separate
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater label. The width field includes the label
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater For compatibility with earlier versions,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>$$</strong></span> is still recognized as
8ae3bbdd860f8abe3d47ec02d1f4d2008bf46f63Automatic Updater indicating a literal $ in the output.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>ttl</strong></span></p>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Specifies the time-to-live of the generated records. If
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein not specified this will be inherited using the
9c6a5d1f22f972232d7a9fd5c5fa64f10bacbdffAutomatic Updater normal TTL inheritance rules.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>class</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and <span class="command"><strong>ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>class</strong></span></p>
47012ae6dbf18a2503d7b33c1c9583dc38625cb7Mark Andrews Specifies the class of the generated records.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This must match the zone class if it is
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>class</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt and <span class="command"><strong>ttl</strong></span> can be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein entered in either order.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>type</strong></span></p>
07e2d9518d5d78818b469de77f398f3439106abfAutomatic Updater Any valid type.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>rhs</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>rhs</strong></span>, optionally, quoted string.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> directive is a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> extension
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and not part of the standard zone file format.
0d6a6642b2be93cffa651c54a9b8810dd2d31392Tinderbox User BIND 8 did not support the optional TTL and CLASS fields.
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark Andrews<a name="zonefile_format"></a>Additional File Formats</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews In addition to the standard textual format, BIND 9
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews supports the ability to read or dump to zone files in
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User other formats.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User The <code class="constant">raw</code> format is
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User a binary representation of zone data in a manner similar
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User to that used in zone transfers. Since it does not require
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User parsing text, load time is significantly reduced.
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User An even faster alternative is the <code class="constant">map</code>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User format, which is an image of a <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User in-memory zone database; it is capable of being loaded
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt directly into memory via the <span class="command"><strong>mmap()</strong></span>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User function; the zone can begin serving queries almost
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User For a primary server, a zone file in
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User <code class="constant">raw</code> or <code class="constant">map</code>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User format is expected to be generated from a textual zone
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt file by the <span class="command"><strong>named-compilezone</strong></span> command.
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User For a secondary server or for a dynamic zone, it is automatically
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews generated (if this format is specified by the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>masterfile-format</strong></span> option) when
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> dumps the zone contents after
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zone transfer or when applying prior updates.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews If a zone file in a binary format needs manual modification,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews it first must be converted to a textual form by the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named-compilezone</strong></span> command. All
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews necessary modification should go to the text file, which
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews should then be converted to the binary form by the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>named-compilezone</strong></span> command again.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Note that <span class="command"><strong>map</strong></span> format is extremely
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User architecture-specific. A <code class="constant">map</code>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User file <span class="emphasis"><em>cannot</em></span> be used on a system
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User with different pointer size, endianness or data alignment
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User than the system on which it was generated, and should in
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User general be used only inside a single system.
5d564da348e890e42f63eebf2dced9a05b41f4fbTinderbox User While <code class="constant">raw</code> format uses
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User network byte order and avoids architecture-dependent
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User data alignment so that it is as portable as
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User possible, it is also primarily expected to be used
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User inside the same single system. To export a
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User zone file in either <code class="constant">raw</code> or
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User <code class="constant">map</code> format, or make a
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User portable backup of such a file, conversion to
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User <code class="constant">text</code> format is recommended.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater<a name="statistics"></a>BIND9 Statistics</h2></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 maintains lots of statistics
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater information and provides several interfaces for users to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater get access to the statistics.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The available statistics include all statistics counters
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater that were available in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater are meaningful in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater and other information that is considered useful.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The statistics information is categorized into the following
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number of incoming DNS requests for each OPCODE.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number of incoming queries for each RR type.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number of outgoing queries for each RR
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater type sent from the internal resolver.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Maintained per view.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters about incoming request processing.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters regarding zone maintenance
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater operations such as zone transfers.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Statistics counters about name resolution
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater performed in the internal resolver.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Maintained per view.
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater The number of RRsets per RR type and nonexistent
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater names stored in the cache database.
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater If the exclamation mark (!) is printed for a RR
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater type, it means that particular type of RRset is
fc8e82904a5a53fbc8b7e2f9262e3aa74ab20a2cAutomatic Updater known to be nonexistent (this is also known as
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User "NXRRSET"). If a hash mark (#) is present then
e7ac7921af0a875c17af3e8cb8cca46d1776ffe7Tinderbox User the RRset is marked for garbage collection.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Maintained per view.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Statistics counters about network related events.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater A subset of Name Server Statistics is collected and shown
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater per zone for which the server has the authority when
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span> is set to
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User <strong class="userinput"><code>full</code></strong> (or <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User for backward compatibility. See the description of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>zone-statistics</strong></span> in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and Usage">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User Usage”</a>
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User for further details.
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User These statistics counters are shown with their zone and
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User view names. The view name is omitted when the server is
ad8f23aed6c75f94f238c1f23f4e17515d28eb55Tinderbox User not configured with explicit views.</p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater There are currently two user interfaces to get access to the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater One is in the plain text format dumped to the file specified
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt by the <span class="command"><strong>statistics-file</strong></span> configuration option.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The other is remotely accessible via a statistics channel
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt when the <span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater is specified in the configuration file
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt (see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels" title="statistics-channels Statement Grammar">the section called “<span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar”</a>.)
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a name="statsfile"></a>The Statistics File</h3></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The text format statistics dump begins with a line, like:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>+++ Statistics Dump +++ (973798949)</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The number in parentheses is a standard
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Unix-style timestamp, measured as seconds since January 1, 1970.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater that line is a set of statistics information, which is categorized
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater as described above.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Each section begins with a line, like:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>++ Name Server Statistics ++</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Each section consists of lines, each containing the statistics
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater counter value followed by its textual description.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater See below for available counters.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For brevity, counters that have a value of 0 are not shown
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in the statistics file.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The statistics dump ends with the line where the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater number is identical to the number in the beginning line; for example:
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>--- Statistics Dump --- (973798949)</strong></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
507151045be68c671ffd4e2f37e17cdfa0376fc4Automatic Updater<a name="statistics_counters"></a>Statistics Counters</h3></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The following tables summarize statistics counters that
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater For each row of the tables, the leftmost column is the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater abbreviated symbol name of that counter.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These symbols are shown in the statistics information
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater accessed via an HTTP statistics channel.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater The rightmost column gives the description of the counter,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater which is also shown in the statistics file
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater (but, in this document, possibly with slight modification
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater for better readability).
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Additional notes may also be provided in this column.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater When a middle column exists between these two columns,
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater it gives the corresponding counter name of the
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 8 statistics, if applicable.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="stats_counters"></a>Name Server Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>Requestv4</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 requests received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note: this also counts non query requests.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>Requestv6</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 requests received.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Note: this also counts non query requests.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>ReqEdns0</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with EDNS(0) received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>ReqBadEDNSVer</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with unsupported EDNS version received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>ReqTSIG</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with TSIG received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>ReqSIG0</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with SIG(0) received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>ReqBadSIG</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requests with invalid (TSIG or SIG(0)) signature.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>ReqTCP</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RTCP</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater TCP requests received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>AuthQryRej</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RUQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Authoritative (non recursive) queries rejected.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RecQryRej</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RURQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Recursive queries rejected.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>XfrRej</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RUXFR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests rejected.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>UpdateRej</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RUUpd</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic update requests rejected.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>Response</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RespTruncated</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Truncated responses sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RespEDNS0</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with EDNS(0) sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RespTSIG</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with TSIG sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RespSIG0</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Responses with SIG(0) sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QrySuccess</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in a successful answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This means the query which returns a NOERROR response
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater with at least one answer RR.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>success</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryAuthAns</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in authoritative answer.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryNoauthAns</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SNaAns</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in non authoritative answer.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryReferral</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in referral answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>referral</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryNxrrset</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in NOERROR responses with no data.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nxrrset</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QrySERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in SERVFAIL.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryFORMERR</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SFErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in FORMERR.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryNXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SNXD</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries resulted in NXDOMAIN.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nxdomain</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryRecursion</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries which caused the server
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater to perform recursion in order to find the final answer.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>recursion</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryDuplicate</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RDupQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Queries which the server attempted to
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater recurse but discovered an existing query with the same
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IP address, port, query ID, name, type and class
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater already being processed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>duplicate</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryDropped</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater Recursive queries for which the server
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater discovered an excessive number of existing
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater recursive queries for the same name, type and
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater class and were subsequently dropped.
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater This is the number of dropped queries due to
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater the reason explained with the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>clients-per-query</strong></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>max-clients-per-query</strong></span>
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater (see the description about
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#clients-per-query"><span class="command"><strong>clients-per-query</strong></span></a>.)
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>dropped</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryFailure</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Other query failures.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This corresponds to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>failure</strong></span> counter
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater of previous versions of
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater Note: this counter is provided mainly for
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater backward compatibility with the previous versions.
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater Normally a more fine-grained counters such as
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>AuthQryRej</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>RecQryRej</strong></span>
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater that would also fall into this counter are provided,
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater and so this counter would not be of much
ea21c734ff027f23f289f8c6507a4e79984e4830Automatic Updater interest in practice.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryNXRedir</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
0a4f0f6ab6ec08442122837eba5f119d2d9d7864Tinderbox User Queries resulted in NXDOMAIN that were redirected.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryNXRedirRLookup</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
0a4f0f6ab6ec08442122837eba5f119d2d9d7864Tinderbox User Queries resulted in NXDOMAIN that were redirected
0a4f0f6ab6ec08442122837eba5f119d2d9d7864Tinderbox User and resulted in a successful remote lookup.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>XfrReqDone</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Requested zone transfers completed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>UpdateReqFwd</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Update requests forwarded.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>UpdateRespFwd</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Update responses forwarded.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>UpdateFwdFail</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic update forward failed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>UpdateDone</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates completed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>UpdateFail</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates failed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>UpdateBadPrereq</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Dynamic updates rejected due to prerequisite failure.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RateDropped</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses dropped by rate limits.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RateSlipped</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Responses truncated by rate limits.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RPZRewrites</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c7f299247ca4460807f44b43f84ba19719646cc9Tinderbox User Response policy zone rewrites.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="zone_stats"></a>Zone Maintenance Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>NotifyOutv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 notifies sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>NotifyOutv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 notifies sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>NotifyInv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 notifies received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>NotifyInv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 notifies received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>NotifyRej</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Incoming notifies rejected.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SOAOutv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 SOA queries sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SOAOutv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 SOA queries sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>AXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 AXFR requested.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>AXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 AXFR requested.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>IXFRReqv4</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 IXFR requested.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>IXFRReqv6</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 IXFR requested.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>XfrSuccess</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests succeeded.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>XfrFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Zone transfer requests failed.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="resolver_stats"></a>Resolver Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND8 Symbol</em></span>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>Queryv4</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 queries sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>Queryv6</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SFwdQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 queries sent.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>Responsev4</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 responses received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>Responsev6</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 responses received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>NXDOMAIN</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RNXD</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater NXDOMAIN received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SERVFAIL</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RFail</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater SERVFAIL received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>FORMERR</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RFErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater FORMERR received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>OtherError</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RErr</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Other errors received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>EDNS0Fail</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater EDNS(0) query failures.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>Mismatch</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RDupR</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Mismatch responses received.
65e9adc0e8185883d0de6690683ef4c2a0cc968bAutomatic Updater The DNS ID, response's source address,
65e9adc0e8185883d0de6690683ef4c2a0cc968bAutomatic Updater and/or the response's source port does not
65e9adc0e8185883d0de6690683ef4c2a0cc968bAutomatic Updater match what was expected.
65e9adc0e8185883d0de6690683ef4c2a0cc968bAutomatic Updater (The port must be 53 or as defined by
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the <span class="command"><strong>port</strong></span> option.)
65e9adc0e8185883d0de6690683ef4c2a0cc968bAutomatic Updater This may be an indication of a cache
65e9adc0e8185883d0de6690683ef4c2a0cc968bAutomatic Updater poisoning attempt.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>Truncated</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Truncated responses received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>Lame</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>RLame</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Lame delegations received.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>Retry</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SDupQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Query retries performed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QueryAbort</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Queries aborted due to quota control.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QuerySockFail</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Failures in opening query sockets.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater One common reason for such failures is a
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater failure of opening a new socket due to a
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater limitation on file descriptors.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QueryTimeout</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Query timeouts.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>GlueFetchv4</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SSysQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 NS address fetches invoked.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>GlueFetchv6</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>SSysQ</strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 NS address fetches invoked.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>GlueFetchv4Fail</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv4 NS address fetch failed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>GlueFetchv6Fail</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater IPv6 NS address fetch failed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>ValAttempt</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation attempted.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>ValOk</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation succeeded.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>ValNegOk</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation on negative information succeeded.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>ValFail</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater DNSSEC validation failed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong>QryRTTnn</strong></span></p>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong></strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Frequency table on round trip times (RTTs) of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Each <span class="command"><strong>nn</strong></span> specifies the corresponding
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater In the sequence of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nn_1</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nn_2</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nn_m</strong></span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the value of <span class="command"><strong>nn_i</strong></span> is the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater number of queries whose RTTs are between
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nn_(i-1)</strong></span> (inclusive) and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nn_i</strong></span> (exclusive) milliseconds.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater For the sake of convenience we define
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nn_0</strong></span> to be 0.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater The last entry should be represented as
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nn_m+</strong></span>, which means the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater number of queries whose RTTs are equal to or over
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>nn_m</strong></span> milliseconds.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="socket_stats"></a>Socket I/O Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Socket I/O statistics counters are defined per socket
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater types, which are
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>UDP4</strong></span> (UDP/IPv4),
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>UDP6</strong></span> (UDP/IPv6),
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>TCP4</strong></span> (TCP/IPv4),
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>TCP6</strong></span> (TCP/IPv6),
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>Unix</strong></span> (Unix Domain), and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>FDwatch</strong></span> (sockets opened outside the
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater socket module).
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt In the following table <span class="command"><strong><TYPE></strong></span>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater represents a socket type.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Not all counters are available for all socket types;
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater exceptions are noted in the description field.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Symbol</em></span>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater <span class="emphasis"><em>Description</em></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>Open</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Sockets opened successfully.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>FDwatch</strong></span> type.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>OpenFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Failures of opening sockets.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>FDwatch</strong></span> type.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>Close</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Sockets closed.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>BindFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Failures of binding sockets.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>ConnFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Failures of connecting sockets.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>Conn</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Connections established successfully.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>AcceptFail</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Failures of accepting incoming connection requests.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>UDP</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>FDwatch</strong></span> types.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>Accept</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Incoming connections successfully accepted.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter is not applicable to the
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>UDP</strong></span> and
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>FDwatch</strong></span> types.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>SendErr</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Errors in socket send operations.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This counter corresponds
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to <span class="command"><strong>SErr</strong></span> counter of
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>BIND</strong></span> 8.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <p><span class="command"><strong><TYPE>RecvErr</strong></span></p>
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater Errors in socket receive operations.
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater This includes errors of send operations on a
c821eb704848afd1f2e70c77c70e7b6ce0b92989Automatic Updater connected UDP socket notified by an ICMP error
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<a name="bind8_compatibility"></a>Compatibility with <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND</em></span> 8 Counters</h4></div></div></div>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Most statistics counters that were available
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt in <span class="command"><strong>BIND</strong></span> 8 are also supported in
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="command"><strong>BIND</strong></span> 9 as shown in the above tables.
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater Here are notes about other counters that do not appear
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater in these tables.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RFwdR,SFwdR</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater These counters are not supported
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt because <span class="command"><strong>BIND</strong></span> 9 does not adopt
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater the notion of <span class="emphasis"><em>forwarding</em></span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt as <span class="command"><strong>BIND</strong></span> 8 did.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RAXFR</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is accessible in the Incoming Queries section.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>RIQ</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is accessible in the Incoming Requests section.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>ROpts</strong></span></span></dt>
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater This counter is not supported
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt because <span class="command"><strong>BIND</strong></span> 9 does not care
98b5a9d1099f72169c90de39712fc4f63e9d990eAutomatic Updater about IP options in the first place.
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71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter�5.�The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Lightweight Resolver�</td>
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71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�Chapter�7.�<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</td>
c313914d0e66b20969215e519bbf2ab4ecf39512Tinderbox User<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.11.3 (Extended Support Version)</p>