Bv9ARM.ch03.html revision f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8
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61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TITLE
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>Nameserver Configuration</TITLE
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61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="chapter"
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney><H1
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithNAME="ch03"
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney>Chapter 3. Nameserver Configuration</A
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney></H1
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="TOC"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DL
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>Table of Contents</B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></DT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>3.1. <A
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt SweeneyHREF="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#sample_configuration"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>Sample Configurations</A
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney></DT
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney><DT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>3.2. <A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithHREF="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#AEN286"
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney>Load Balancing</A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></DT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DT
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney>3.3. <A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithHREF="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#notify"
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney>Notify</A
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney></DT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>3.4. <A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithHREF="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#AEN374"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>Nameserver Operations</A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></DT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></DL
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>In this section we provide some suggested configurations along
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithwith guidelines for their use. We also address the topic of reasonable
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeneyoption setting.</P
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney><DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="sect1"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><H1
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="sect1"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><A
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt SweeneyNAME="sample_configuration"
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney>3.1. Sample Configurations</A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></H1
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="sect2"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><H2
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="sect2"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithNAME="AEN276"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>3.1.1. A Caching-only Nameserver</A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></H2
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>The following sample configuration is appropriate for a caching-only
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithname server for use by clients internal to a corporation. All queries
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithfrom outside clients are refused.</P
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney><PRE
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt SweeneyCLASS="programlisting"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>&#13;// Two corporate subnets we wish to allow queries from.
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithacl "corpnets" { 192.168.4.0/24; 192.168.7.0/24; };
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithoptions {
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith directory "/etc/namedb"; // Working directory
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney pid-file "named.pid"; // Put pid file in working dir
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney allow-query { "corpnets"; };
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith};
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith// Root server hints
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithzone "." { type hint; file "root.hint"; };
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith// Provide a reverse mapping for the loopback address 127.0.0.1
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithzone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith type master;
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith file "localhost.rev";
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith notify no;
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith};
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith</PRE
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney></DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DIV
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt SweeneyCLASS="sect2"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><H2
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="sect2"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithNAME="AEN280"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>3.1.2. An Authoritative-only Nameserver</A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></H2
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>This sample configuration is for an authoritative-only server
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeneythat is the master server for "<TT
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt SweeneyCLASS="filename"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>example.com</TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithand a slave for the subdomain "<TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="filename"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>eng.example.com</TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>".</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><PRE
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt SweeneyCLASS="programlisting"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>&#13;options {
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney directory "/etc/namedb"; // Working directory
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith pid-file "named.pid"; // Put pid file in working dir
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith allow-query { any; }; // This is the default
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith recursion no; // Do not provide recursive service
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith};
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney// Root server hints
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithzone "." { type hint; file "root.hint"; };
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith// Provide a reverse mapping for the loopback address 127.0.0.1
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithzone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith type master;
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney file "localhost.rev";
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney notify no;
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith};
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith// We are the master server for example.com
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithzone "example.com" {
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith type master;
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith file "example.com.db";
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith // IP addresses of slave servers allowed to transfer example.com
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith allow-transfer {
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith 192.168.4.14;
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith 192.168.5.53;
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith };
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith};
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith// We are a slave server for eng.example.com
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithzone "eng.example.com" {
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith type slave;
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith file "eng.example.com.bk";
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith // IP address of eng.example.com master server
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith masters { 192.168.4.12; };
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith};
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith</PRE
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="sect1"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><H1
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="sect1"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithNAME="AEN286"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>3.2. Load Balancing</A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></H1
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>Primitive load balancing can be achieved in <SPAN
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="acronym"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>DNS</SPAN
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith> using multiple
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithA records for one name.</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>For example, if you have three WWW servers with network addresses
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithof 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2 and 10.0.0.3, a set of records such as the
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithfollowing means that clients will connect to each machine one third
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithof the time:</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="informaltable"
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney><TABLE
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithBORDER="1"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="CALSTABLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TBODY
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TR
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="84"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>Name</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="48"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>TTL</P
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney></TD
33ba1088378b236bdb1ccdb65751b072eb5d4b60Luke Smith><TD
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt SweeneyWIDTH="72"
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt SweeneyALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt Sweeney><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>CLASS</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="72"
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt SweeneyALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>TYPE</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TD
fb1ecdf65fd4106deb62da339763f2e7670ca0f6Matt SweeneyWIDTH="195"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>Resource Record (RR) Data</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TR
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TR
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TD
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61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="literal"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>www</TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="48"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TT
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithCLASS="literal"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>600</TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TD
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithWIDTH="72"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="literal"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>IN</TT
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="72"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="literal"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>A</TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="195"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="literal"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>10.0.0.1</TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TR
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TR
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="84"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="48"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="literal"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>600</TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="72"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="literal"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith>IN</TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="72"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="literal"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>A</TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith></TD
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="195"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="literal"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith>10.0.0.2</TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TR
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TR
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="84"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><P
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="48"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><P
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><TT
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithCLASS="literal"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>600</TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="72"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><P
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="literal"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>IN</TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><TD
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithWIDTH="72"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="literal"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>A</TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithWIDTH="195"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithALIGN="LEFT"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithVALIGN="MIDDLE"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="literal"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>10.0.0.3</TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TR
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TBODY
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TABLE
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>When a resolver queries for these records, <SPAN
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="acronym"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>BIND</SPAN
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith> will rotate
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith them and respond to the query with the records in a different
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith order. In the example above, clients will randomly receive
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith records in the order 1, 2, 3; 2, 3, 1; and 3, 1, 2. Most clients
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith will use the first record returned and discard the rest.</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>For more detail on ordering responses, check the
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith <B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="command"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>rrset-order</B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith> substatement in the
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith <B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="command"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>options</B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith> statement, see <A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithHREF="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>RRset Ordering</I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>. This substatement is not supported in
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith <SPAN
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="acronym"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>BIND</SPAN
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith> 9, and only the ordering scheme described above is
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith available.</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="sect1"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><H1
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithCLASS="sect1"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithNAME="notify"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>3.3. Notify</A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></H1
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><SPAN
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="acronym"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>DNS</SPAN
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith> Notify is a mechanism that allows master nameservers to
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith notify their slave servers of changes to a zone's data. In
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith response to a <B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="command"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>NOTIFY</B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith> from a master server, the
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith slave will check to see that its version of the zone is the
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith current version and, if not, initiate a transfer.</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><SPAN
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="acronym"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>DNS</SPAN
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith Notify is fully documented in RFC 1996. See also the description
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith of the zone option <B
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithCLASS="command"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>also-notify</B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>, <A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithHREF="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>Section 6.2.12.7</A
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith>. For more information about
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith <B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="command"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>notify</B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>, <A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithHREF="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>Section 6.2.12.1</A
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith>.</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="sect1"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><H1
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithCLASS="sect1"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithNAME="AEN374"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>3.4. Nameserver Operations</A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></H1
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="sect2"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><H2
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithCLASS="sect2"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithNAME="AEN376"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>3.4.1. Tools for Use With the Nameserver Daemon</A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></H2
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith>There are several indispensable diagnostic, administrative
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smithand monitoring tools available to the system administrator for controlling
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smithand debugging the nameserver daemon. We describe several in this
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithsection </P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="sect3"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><H3
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="sect3"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithNAME="AEN379"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>3.4.1.1. Diagnostic Tools</A
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></H3
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DIV
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="variablelist"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DL
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="command"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>dig</B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></DT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>The domain information groper (<B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="command"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>dig</B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>) is
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smitha command line tool that can be used to gather information from
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smiththe Domain Name System servers. Dig has two modes: simple interactive
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithmode for a single query, and batch mode which executes a query for
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smitheach in a list of several query lines. All query options are accessible
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithfrom the command line.</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="command"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>dig</B
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith> [@<TT
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithCLASS="replaceable"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>server</I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>] <TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="replaceable"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>domain</I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith> [<TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="replaceable"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>query-type</I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>] [<TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="replaceable"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>query-class</I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>] [+<TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="replaceable"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>query-option</I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>] [-<TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="replaceable"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>dig-option</I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>] [%<TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="replaceable"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><I
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith>comment</I
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith></TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>]</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>The usual simple use of dig will take the form</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith><B
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithCLASS="command"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>dig @server domain query-type query-class</B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>For more information and a list of available commands and
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithoptions, see the <B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="command"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith>dig</B
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith> man page.</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></DD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="command"
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith>host</B
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith></DT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><DD
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>The <B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="command"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>host</B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith> utility
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smithprovides a simple <SPAN
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="acronym"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>DNS</SPAN
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith> lookup using a command-line interface for
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithlooking up Internet hostnames. By default, the utility converts
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smithbetween host names and Internet addresses, but its functionality
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smithcan be extended with the use of options.</P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><P
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="command"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>host</B
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith> [-aCdlrTwv] [-c <TT
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithCLASS="replaceable"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>class</I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>] [-N <TT
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke SmithCLASS="replaceable"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>ndots</I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>] [-t <TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="replaceable"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><I
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith>type</I
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith></TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>] [-W <TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="replaceable"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>timeout</I
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith></TT
370551b70c89bce123f68ae5340791562b03db2dLuke Smith>] [-R <TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke SmithCLASS="replaceable"
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith><I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>retries</I
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith></TT
61d056e25c884bc5635cfe38d3c4a1099977644eLuke Smith>] <TT
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>hostname</I
></TT
> [<TT
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>server</I
></TT
>]</P
><P
>For more information and a list of available commands and
options, see the <B
CLASS="command"
>host</B
> man page.</P
></DD
><DT
><B
CLASS="command"
>nslookup</B
></DT
><DD
><P
><B
CLASS="command"
>nslookup</B
> is a program used to query Internet
domain nameservers. <B
CLASS="command"
>nslookup</B
> has two modes: interactive
and non-interactive. Interactive mode allows the user to query nameservers
for information about various hosts and domains or to print a list
of hosts in a domain. Non-interactive mode is used to print just
the name and requested information for a host or domain.</P
><P
><B
CLASS="command"
>nslookup</B
> [-option...] [<TT
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>host-to-find</I
></TT
> | - [server]]</P
><P
>Interactive mode is entered when no arguments are given (the
default nameserver will be used) or when the first argument is a
hyphen (`-') and the second argument is the host name or Internet address
of a nameserver.</P
><P
>Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet address
of the host to be looked up is given as the first argument. The
optional second argument specifies the host name or address of a nameserver.</P
><P
>Due to its arcane user interface and frequently inconsistent
behavior, we do not recommend the use of <B
CLASS="command"
>nslookup</B
>.
Use <B
CLASS="command"
>dig</B
> instead.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="sect3"
><H3
CLASS="sect3"
><A
NAME="AEN455"
>3.4.1.2. Administrative Tools</A
></H3
><P
>Administrative tools play an integral part in the management
of a server.</P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="variablelist"
><DL
><DT
><B
CLASS="command"
>rndc</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>The remote name daemon control
(<B
CLASS="command"
>rndc</B
>) program allows the system
administrator to control the operation of a nameserver.
If you run <B
CLASS="command"
>rndc</B
> without any options
it will display a usage message as follows:</P
><P
><B
CLASS="command"
>rndc</B
> [-c <TT
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>config</I
></TT
>] [-s <TT
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>server</I
></TT
>] [-p <TT
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>port</I
></TT
>] [-y <TT
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>key</I
></TT
>] <TT
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>command</I
></TT
> [<TT
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>command</I
></TT
>...]</P
><P
><B
CLASS="command"
>command</B
> is one of the following
for <B
CLASS="command"
>named</B
>:</P
><DIV
CLASS="informaltable"
><P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="144"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>&#13;<P
><TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>status</B
></TT
><SUP
>a</SUP
></P
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="288"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
>Display ps(1) status of named.</P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="144"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
><TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>dumpdb</B
></TT
><A
HREF="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#FTN.nyi1"
>[a]</A
></P
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="288"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
>Dump database and cache to /var/tmp/named_dump.db.</P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="144"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
><TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>reload</B
></TT
></P
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="288"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
>Reload configuration file and zones.</P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="144"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
><TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>stats</B
></TT
><A
HREF="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#FTN.nyi1"
>[a]</A
></P
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="288"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
>Dump statistics to /var/tmp/named.stats.</P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="144"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
><TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>trace</B
></TT
><A
HREF="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#FTN.nyi1"
>[a]</A
></P
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="288"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
>Increment debugging level by one.</P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="144"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>&#13;<P
><TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>notrace</B
></TT
><A
HREF="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#FTN.nyi1"
>[a]</A
>
</P
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="288"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
>Set debugging level to 0.</P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="144"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
><TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>querylog</B
></TT
><A
HREF="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#FTN.nyi1"
>[a]</A
></P
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="288"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
>Toggle query logging.</P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="144"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
><TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>stop</B
></TT
><A
HREF="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#FTN.nyi1"
>[a]</A
></P
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="288"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
>Stop the server.</P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="144"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
><TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>restart</B
></TT
><A
HREF="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#FTN.nyi1"
>[a]</A
></P
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="288"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
>Restart the server.</P
></TD
></TR
></TBODY
><TR
><TD
COLSPAN="2"
>Notes:<BR><A
NAME="FTN.nyi1"
>a. </A
>not yet implemented<BR></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
></P
></DIV
><P
>As noted above, <B
CLASS="command"
>reload</B
> is the
only command available for <SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>BIND</SPAN
> 9.0.0. The other
commands, and more, are planned to be implemented for
future releases.</P
><P
>A configuration file is required, since all
communication with the server is authenticated with
digital signatures that rely on a shared secret, and
there is no way to provide that secret other than with a
configuration file. The default location for the
<B
CLASS="command"
>rndc</B
> configuration file is
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>/etc/rndc.conf</TT
>, but an alternate
location can be specified with the <TT
CLASS="option"
>-c</TT
>
option.</P
><P
>The format of the configuration file is similar to
that of <TT
CLASS="filename"
>named.conf</TT
>, but limited to
only three statements, the <B
CLASS="command"
>options{}</B
>,
<B
CLASS="command"
>key{}</B
> and <B
CLASS="command"
>server{}</B
>
statements. These statements are what associate the
secret keys to the servers with which they are meant to
be shared. The order of statements is not
significant.</P
><P
>The <B
CLASS="command"
>options{}</B
> statement has two clauses: <B
CLASS="command"
>default-server</B
> and <B
CLASS="command"
>default-key</B
>. <B
CLASS="command"
>default-server</B
> takes a
host name or address argument and represents the server that will
be contacted if no <TT
CLASS="option"
>-s</TT
>
option is provided on the command line. <B
CLASS="command"
>default-key</B
> takes
the name of key as its argument, as defined by a <B
CLASS="command"
>key{}</B
> statement.
In the future a <B
CLASS="command"
>default-port</B
> clause will be
added to specify the port to which <B
CLASS="command"
>rndc</B
> should
connect.</P
><P
>The <B
CLASS="command"
>key{}</B
> statement names a key with its
string argument. The string is required by the server to be a valid
domain name, though it need not actually be hierarchical; thus,
a string like "<TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>rndc_key</B
></TT
>" is a valid name.
The <B
CLASS="command"
>key{}</B
> statement has two clauses: <B
CLASS="command"
>algorithm</B
> and <B
CLASS="command"
>secret</B
>.
While the configuration parser will accept any string as the argument
to algorithm, currently only the string "<TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>hmac-md5</B
></TT
>"
has any meaning. The secret is a base-64 encoded string, typically
generated with either <B
CLASS="command"
>dnssec-keygen</B
> or <B
CLASS="command"
>mmencode</B
>.</P
><P
>The <B
CLASS="command"
>server{}</B
> statement uses the key clause
to associate a <B
CLASS="command"
>key{}</B
>-defined key with a server.
The argument to the <B
CLASS="command"
>server{}</B
> statement is a
host name or address (addresses must be double quoted). The argument
to the key clause is the name of the key as defined by the <B
CLASS="command"
>key{}</B
> statement.
A <B
CLASS="command"
>port</B
> clause will be added to a future release
to specify the port to which <B
CLASS="command"
>rndc</B
> should connect
on the given server.</P
><P
>A sample minimal configuration file is as follows:</P
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
>&#13;key rndc_key {
algorithm "hmac-md5";
secret "c3Ryb25nIGVub3VnaCBmb3IgYSBtYW4gYnV0IG1hZGUgZm9yIGEgd29tYW4K";
};
options {
default-server localhost;
default-key rndc_key;
};
</PRE
><P
>This file, if installed as <TT
CLASS="filename"
>/etc/rndc.conf</TT
>,
would allow the command:</P
><P
><TT
CLASS="prompt"
>$ </TT
><TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>rndc reload</B
></TT
></P
><P
>to connect to 127.0.0.1 port 953 and cause the nameserver
to reload, if a nameserver on the local machine were running with
following controls statements:</P
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
>&#13;controls {
inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndc_key; };
};
</PRE
><P
>and it had an identical key statement for
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>rndc_key</TT
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="sect2"
><H2
CLASS="sect2"
><A
NAME="AEN600"
>3.4.2. Signals</A
></H2
><P
>Certain UNIX signals cause the name server to take specific
actions, as described in the following table. These signals can
be sent using the <B
CLASS="command"
>kill</B
> command.</P
><DIV
CLASS="informaltable"
><P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="108"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
><B
CLASS="command"
>SIGHUP</B
></P
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="384"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
>Causes the server to read <TT
CLASS="filename"
>named.conf</TT
> and
reload the database. </P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="108"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
><B
CLASS="command"
>SIGTERM</B
></P
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="384"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
>Causes the server to clean up and exit.</P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="108"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>&#13;<P
><B
CLASS="command"
>SIGINT</B
></P
>
</TD
><TD
WIDTH="384"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
><P
>Causes the server to clean up and exit.</P
></TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
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