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5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<html>
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5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<title>Chapter�3.�Name Server Configuration</title>
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5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�3.�Name Server Configuration</th></tr>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<tr>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<td width="20%" align="left">
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html">Prev</a>�</td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<th width="60%" align="center">�</th>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html">Next</a>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</tr>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</table>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<hr>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="chapter" lang="en">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="Bv9ARM.ch03"></a>Chapter�3.�Name Server Configuration</h2></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="toc">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dl>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#sample_configuration">Sample Configurations</a></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dd><dl>
6283056805887de88040698685b8e1936a1f7a2dAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#id2567764">A Caching-only Name Server</a></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#id2567780">An Authoritative-only Name Server</a></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</dl></dd>
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#id2568007">Load Balancing</a></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#id2568361">Name Server Operations</a></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dd><dl>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#id2568366">Tools for Use With the Name Server Daemon</a></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#id2570146">Signals</a></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</dl></dd>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</dl>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews In this chapter we provide some suggested configurations along
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews with guidelines for their use. We suggest reasonable values for
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater certain option settings.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="sect1" lang="en">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="sample_configuration"></a>Sample Configurations</h2></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="sect2" lang="en">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2567764"></a>A Caching-only Name Server</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The following sample configuration is appropriate for a caching-only
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews name server for use by clients internal to a corporation. All
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews queries
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews from outside clients are refused using the <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews option. Alternatively, the same effect could be achieved using
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews suitable
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews firewall rules.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews// Two corporate subnets we wish to allow queries from.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewsacl corpnets { 192.168.4.0/24; 192.168.7.0/24; };
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewsoptions {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews // Working directory
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews directory "/etc/namedb";
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews allow-query { corpnets; };
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews};
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews// Provide a reverse mapping for the loopback
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews// address 127.0.0.1
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewszone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews type master;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews file "localhost.rev";
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews notify no;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews};
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</pre>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="sect2" lang="en">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2567780"></a>An Authoritative-only Name Server</h3></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews This sample configuration is for an authoritative-only server
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews that is the master server for "<code class="filename">example.com</code>"
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and a slave for the subdomain "<code class="filename">eng.example.com</code>".
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<pre class="programlisting">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewsoptions {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews // Working directory
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews directory "/etc/namedb";
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews // Do not allow access to cache
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews allow-query-cache { none; };
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews // This is the default
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews allow-query { any; };
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews // Do not provide recursive service
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews recursion no;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews};
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews// Provide a reverse mapping for the loopback
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews// address 127.0.0.1
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewszone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews type master;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews file "localhost.rev";
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews notify no;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews};
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews// We are the master server for example.com
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewszone "example.com" {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews type master;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews file "example.com.db";
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews // IP addresses of slave servers allowed to
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews // transfer example.com
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews allow-transfer {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews 192.168.4.14;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews 192.168.5.53;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews };
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews};
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews// We are a slave server for eng.example.com
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewszone "eng.example.com" {
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews type slave;
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews file "eng.example.com.bk";
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews // IP address of eng.example.com master server
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews masters { 192.168.4.12; };
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews};
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</pre>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="sect1" lang="en">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<a name="id2568007"></a>Load Balancing</h2></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews A primitive form of load balancing can be achieved in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> by using multiple records
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (such as multiple A records) for one name.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews For example, if you have three WWW servers with network addresses
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews of 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2 and 10.0.0.3, a set of records such as the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews following means that clients will connect to each machine one third
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews of the time:
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<colgroup>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<col>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<col>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<col>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<col>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<col>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</colgroup>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<tbody>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<tr>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Name
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews TTL
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews CLASS
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </td>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews<td>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews <p>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews TYPE
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews </p>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews </td>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews<td>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews <p>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews Resource Record (RR) Data
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews </p>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews </td>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews</tr>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews<tr>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews<td>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews <p>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews <code class="literal">www</code>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews </p>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews </td>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews<td>
52ece689e0265f9a3e518de5b2539e749f6d35acMark Andrews <p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">600</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">IN</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">A</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">10.0.0.1</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </td>
6283056805887de88040698685b8e1936a1f7a2dAutomatic Updater</tr>
6283056805887de88040698685b8e1936a1f7a2dAutomatic Updater<tr>
6283056805887de88040698685b8e1936a1f7a2dAutomatic Updater<td>
6283056805887de88040698685b8e1936a1f7a2dAutomatic Updater <p></p>
6283056805887de88040698685b8e1936a1f7a2dAutomatic Updater </td>
6283056805887de88040698685b8e1936a1f7a2dAutomatic Updater<td>
6283056805887de88040698685b8e1936a1f7a2dAutomatic Updater <p>
1c51f79aba598e5e20bde66aea0237e347f6d5ceAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">600</code>
1c51f79aba598e5e20bde66aea0237e347f6d5ceAutomatic Updater </p>
6283056805887de88040698685b8e1936a1f7a2dAutomatic Updater </td>
1c51f79aba598e5e20bde66aea0237e347f6d5ceAutomatic Updater<td>
6283056805887de88040698685b8e1936a1f7a2dAutomatic Updater <p>
6283056805887de88040698685b8e1936a1f7a2dAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">IN</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">A</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">10.0.0.2</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</tr>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<tr>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p></p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="literal">600</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<td>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <p>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">IN</code>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater </p>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater </td>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater<td>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater <p>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">A</code>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater </p>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater </td>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater<td>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater <p>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater <code class="literal">10.0.0.3</code>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater </p>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater </td>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater</tr>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater</tbody>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater</table></div>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater<p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When a resolver queries for these records, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> will rotate
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews them and respond to the query with the records in a different
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews order. In the example above, clients will randomly receive
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews records in the order 1, 2, 3; 2, 3, 1; and 3, 1, 2. Most clients
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews will use the first record returned and discard the rest.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<p>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews For more detail on ordering responses, check the
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> substatement in the
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement, see
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering">RRset Ordering</a>.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="sect1" lang="en">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater<a name="id2568361"></a>Name Server Operations</h2></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="sect2" lang="en">
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<a name="id2568366"></a>Tools for Use With the Name Server Daemon</h3></div></div></div>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<p>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews This section describes several indispensable diagnostic,
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews administrative and monitoring tools available to the system
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews administrator for controlling and debugging the name server
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews daemon.
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews </p>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<div class="sect3" lang="en">
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<a name="diagnostic_tools"></a>Diagnostic Tools</h4></div></div></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span>, and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">nslookup</strong></span> programs are all command
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews line tools
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews for manually querying name servers. They differ in style and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews output format.
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews </p>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<div class="variablelist"><dl>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term"><a name="dig"></a><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span></span></dt>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<dd>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<p>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews The domain information groper (<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>)
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews is the most versatile and complete of these lookup tools.
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews It has two modes: simple interactive
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews mode for a single query, and batch mode which executes a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews query for
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater each in a list of several query lines. All query options are
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews accessible
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews from the command line.
c6c78f699b55b3344fb6b17ddc854cbae4610468Automatic Updater </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [@<em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em>] <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>query-type</code></em>] [<em class="replaceable"><code>query-class</code></em>] [+<em class="replaceable"><code>query-option</code></em>] [-<em class="replaceable"><code>dig-option</code></em>] [%<em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em>]</p></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The usual simple use of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will take the form
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <span><strong class="command">dig @server domain query-type query-class</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews For more information and a list of available commands and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews options, see the <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> man
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews page.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews</dd>
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host</strong></span></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dd>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> utility emphasizes
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews simplicity
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews and ease of use. By default, it converts
4abdfc917e6635a7c81d1f931a0c79227e72d025Mark Andrews between host names and Internet addresses, but its
2cbb4ab75757fbb656997a82c14ca07db37d481aAutomatic Updater functionality
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews can be extended with the use of options.
4abdfc917e6635a7c81d1f931a0c79227e72d025Mark Andrews </p>
4abdfc917e6635a7c81d1f931a0c79227e72d025Mark Andrews<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">host</code> [-aCdlnrsTwv] [-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>] [-N <em class="replaceable"><code>ndots</code></em>] [-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em>] [-W <em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em>] [-R <em class="replaceable"><code>retries</code></em>] [-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em>] [-4] [-6] <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em>]</p></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews For more information and a list of available commands and
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews options, see the <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> man
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews page.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews </p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">nslookup</strong></span></span></dt>
<dd>
<p><span><strong class="command">nslookup</strong></span>
has two modes: interactive and
non-interactive. Interactive mode allows the user to
query name servers for information about various
hosts and domains or to print a list of hosts in a
domain. Non-interactive mode is used to print just
the name and requested information for a host or
domain.
</p>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">nslookup</code> [-option...] [[<em class="replaceable"><code>host-to-find</code></em>] | [- [server]]]</p></div>
<p>
Interactive mode is entered when no arguments are given (the
default name server will be used) or when the first argument
is a
hyphen (`-') and the second argument is the host name or
Internet address
of a name server.
</p>
<p>
Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet
address
of the host to be looked up is given as the first argument.
The
optional second argument specifies the host name or address
of a name server.
</p>
<p>
Due to its arcane user interface and frequently inconsistent
behavior, we do not recommend the use of <span><strong class="command">nslookup</strong></span>.
Use <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> instead.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="admin_tools"></a>Administrative Tools</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Administrative tools play an integral part in the management
of a server.
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt>
<a name="named-checkconf"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-checkconf</strong></span></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The <span><strong class="command">named-checkconf</strong></span> program
checks the syntax of a <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file.
</p>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named-checkconf</code> [-jvz] [-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em>] [<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>]</p></div>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name="named-checkzone"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span> program
checks a master file for
syntax and consistency.
</p>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named-checkzone</code> [-djqvD] [-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>] [-o <em class="replaceable"><code>output</code></em>] [-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em>] [-w <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em>] [-k <em class="replaceable"><code>(ignore|warn|fail)</code></em>] [-n <em class="replaceable"><code>(ignore|warn|fail)</code></em>] [-W <em class="replaceable"><code>(ignore|warn)</code></em>] <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>]</p></div>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name="named-compilezone"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span></span>
</dt>
<dd><p>
Similar to <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone,</strong></span> but
it always dumps the zone content to a specified file
(typically in a different format).
</p></dd>
<dt>
<a name="rndc"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The remote name daemon control
(<span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>) program allows the
system
administrator to control the operation of a name server.
Since <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.2, <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>
supports all the commands of the BIND 8 <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span>
utility except <span><strong class="command">ndc start</strong></span> and
<span><strong class="command">ndc restart</strong></span>, which were also
not supported in <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span>'s
channel mode.
If you run <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> without any
options
it will display a usage message as follows:
</p>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">rndc</code> [-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config</code></em>] [-s <em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em>] [-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>] [-y <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em>] <em class="replaceable"><code>command</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>command</code></em>...]</p></div>
<p>The <span><strong class="command">command</strong></span>
is one of the following:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>reload</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Reload configuration file and zones.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>reload <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Reload the given zone.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Schedule zone maintenance for the given zone.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>retransfer <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Retransfer the given zone from the master.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>sign <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Fetch all DNSSEC keys for the given zone
from the key directory (see
<span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span> in
<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options" title="options Statement Definition and
Usage">the section called &#8220;<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage&#8221;</a>), and merge them
into the zone's DNSKEY RRset. If the DNSKEY RRset
is changed as a result of this, then the zone is
automatically re-signed with the new key set.
</p>
<p>
This command requires that the
<span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec</strong></span> zone option to be set
to <code class="literal">allow</code>,
<code class="literal">maintain</code>, or
<code class="literal">create</code>, and also requires
the zone to be configured to allow dynamic DNS.
See <a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called &#8220;Dynamic Update Policies&#8221;</a> for
more details.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>freeze
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Suspend updates to a dynamic zone. If no zone is
specified,
then all zones are suspended. This allows manual
edits to be made to a zone normally updated by dynamic
update. It
also causes changes in the journal file to be synced
into the master
and the journal file to be removed. All dynamic
update attempts will
be refused while the zone is frozen.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>thaw
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Enable updates to a frozen dynamic zone. If no zone
is
specified, then all frozen zones are enabled. This
causes
the server to reload the zone from disk, and
re-enables dynamic updates
after the load has completed. After a zone is thawed,
dynamic updates
will no longer be refused.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>notify <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Resend NOTIFY messages for the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>reconfig</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Reload the configuration file and load new zones,
but do not reload existing zone files even if they
have changed.
This is faster than a full <span><strong class="command">reload</strong></span> when there
is a large number of zones because it avoids the need
to examine the
modification times of the zones files.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>stats</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Write server statistics to the statistics file.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>querylog</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle query logging. Query logging can also be enabled
by explicitly directing the <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span>
<span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> to a
<span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> in the
<span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> section of
<code class="filename">named.conf</code> or by specifying
<span><strong class="command">querylog yes;</strong></span> in the
<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> section of
<code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>dumpdb
[<span class="optional">-all|-cache|-zone</span>]
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view ...</code></em></span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Dump the server's caches (default) and/or zones to
the
dump file for the specified views. If no view is
specified, all
views are dumped.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>secroots
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view ...</code></em></span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Dump the server's security roots to the secroots
file for the specified views. If no view is
specified, security roots for all
views are dumped.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>stop [<span class="optional">-p</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Stop the server, making sure any recent changes
made through dynamic update or IXFR are first saved to
the master files of the updated zones.
If <code class="option">-p</code> is specified <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>'s process id is returned.
This allows an external process to determine when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
had completed stopping.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>halt [<span class="optional">-p</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Stop the server immediately. Recent changes
made through dynamic update or IXFR are not saved to
the master files, but will be rolled forward from the
journal files when the server is restarted.
If <code class="option">-p</code> is specified <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>'s process id is returned.
This allows an external process to determine when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
had completed halting.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>trace</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Increment the servers debugging level by one.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>trace <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the server's debugging level to an explicit
value.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>notrace</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the server's debugging level to 0.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>flush</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Flushes the server's cache.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>flushname</code></strong> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Flushes the given name from the server's cache.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>status</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display status of the server.
Note that the number of zones includes the internal <span><strong class="command">bind/CH</strong></span> zone
and the default <span><strong class="command">/IN</strong></span>
hint zone if there is not an
explicit root zone configured.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>recursing</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Dump the list of queries <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is currently recursing
on.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>validation
[<span class="optional">on|off</span>]
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view ...</code></em></span>]
</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Enable or disable DNSSEC validation.
Note <span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> to be effective.
It defaults to enabled.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
A configuration file is required, since all
communication with the server is authenticated with
digital signatures that rely on a shared secret, and
there is no way to provide that secret other than with a
configuration file. The default location for the
<span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> configuration file is
<code class="filename">/etc/rndc.conf</code>, but an
alternate
location can be specified with the <code class="option">-c</code>
option. If the configuration file is not found,
<span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> will also look in
<code class="filename">/etc/rndc.key</code> (or whatever
<code class="varname">sysconfdir</code> was defined when
the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> build was
configured).
The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file is
generated by
running <span><strong class="command">rndc-confgen -a</strong></span> as
described in
<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
Usage">the section called &#8220;<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage&#8221;</a>.
</p>
<p>
The format of the configuration file is similar to
that of <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, but
limited to
only four statements, the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>,
<span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> and
<span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
statements. These statements are what associate the
secret keys to the servers with which they are meant to
be shared. The order of statements is not
significant.
</p>
<p>
The <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement has
three clauses:
<span><strong class="command">default-server</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">default-key</strong></span>,
and <span><strong class="command">default-port</strong></span>.
<span><strong class="command">default-server</strong></span> takes a
host name or address argument and represents the server
that will
be contacted if no <code class="option">-s</code>
option is provided on the command line.
<span><strong class="command">default-key</strong></span> takes
the name of a key as its argument, as defined by a <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement.
<span><strong class="command">default-port</strong></span> specifies the
port to which
<span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should connect if no
port is given on the command line or in a
<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement.
</p>
<p>
The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement defines a
key to be used
by <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> when authenticating
with
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. Its syntax is
identical to the
<span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
The keyword <strong class="userinput"><code>key</code></strong> is
followed by a key name, which must be a valid
domain name, though it need not actually be hierarchical;
thus,
a string like "<strong class="userinput"><code>rndc_key</code></strong>" is a valid
name.
The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement has two
clauses:
<span><strong class="command">algorithm</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">secret</strong></span>.
While the configuration parser will accept any string as the
argument
to algorithm, currently only the string "<strong class="userinput"><code>hmac-md5</code></strong>"
has any meaning. The secret is a base-64 encoded string
as specified in RFC 3548.
</p>
<p>
The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement
associates a key
defined using the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
statement with a server.
The keyword <strong class="userinput"><code>server</code></strong> is followed by a
host name or address. The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement
has two clauses: <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span>.
The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> clause specifies the
name of the key
to be used when communicating with this server, and the
<span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> clause can be used to
specify the port <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should
connect
to on the server.
</p>
<p>
A sample minimal configuration file is as follows:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
key rndc_key {
algorithm "hmac-md5";
secret
"c3Ryb25nIGVub3VnaCBmb3IgYSBtYW4gYnV0IG1hZGUgZm9yIGEgd29tYW4K";
};
options {
default-server 127.0.0.1;
default-key rndc_key;
};
</pre>
<p>
This file, if installed as <code class="filename">/etc/rndc.conf</code>,
would allow the command:
</p>
<p>
<code class="prompt">$ </code><strong class="userinput"><code>rndc reload</code></strong>
</p>
<p>
to connect to 127.0.0.1 port 953 and cause the name server
to reload, if a name server on the local machine were
running with
following controls statements:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
controls {
inet 127.0.0.1
allow { localhost; } keys { rndc_key; };
};
</pre>
<p>
and it had an identical key statement for
<code class="literal">rndc_key</code>.
</p>
<p>
Running the <span><strong class="command">rndc-confgen</strong></span>
program will
conveniently create a <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code>
file for you, and also display the
corresponding <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span>
statement that you need to
add to <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
Alternatively,
you can run <span><strong class="command">rndc-confgen -a</strong></span>
to set up
a <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file and not
modify
<code class="filename">named.conf</code> at all.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id2570146"></a>Signals</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Certain UNIX signals cause the name server to take specific
actions, as described in the following table. These signals can
be sent using the <span><strong class="command">kill</strong></span> command.
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p><span><strong class="command">SIGHUP</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Causes the server to read <code class="filename">named.conf</code> and
reload the database.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><span><strong class="command">SIGTERM</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Causes the server to clean up and exit.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><span><strong class="command">SIGINT</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Causes the server to clean up and exit.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
</div>
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